江苏海门市 2017 高考英语阅读理解一轮基础选编 9页

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 1 江苏海门市 2017 高考英语阅读理解一轮基础选编 阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的 A,B,C 或 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 An international business specialist group has announced that the move towards a green economy is becoming more urgent for emerging economies(新兴经济体)，especially South Africa. On Monday，Innovation Group announced that green economic policies were becoming increasingly important on the global landscape and for emerging economies. According to Pule Mokoena，from Innovation Group，experts believe the adoption of these green policies will assist with“ailing(不景气的)economies”．“The move to a green economy，such as the adoption of alternative energy solutions，should be adopted by economies and countries.” Mokoena's comments came as Greenpeace Africa called on the South African government to review its decision to include nuclear energy into the country's energy plan. In order to avoid all energy crisis in the country， the_energy_mix_had_to_be_diversified，including broadening energy carriers to include gas，nuclear，biomass，renewable(wind，solar and hydro)，as well as the efficient use of the existing resources，such as coal. For this reason，nuclear energy will account for 23 percent of South Africa's energy needs，followed by coal at 15 percent，hydro at six percent，gas six percent，turbines six percent and renewable energy 42 percent. However，Pule said there are other options for South Africa's energy needs. “Too many companies are focusing on the costs of green policies，rather than focusing on the long－term benefits，”explained Mokoena. Nobel economics winner Joseph Stiglitz and the former World Bank chief economist agree with Mokoena and believe that the need to switch to green technology should be seen as an opportunity and not as a burden. When in South Africa earlier this year，Stiglitz said a switch to green technology would stimulate demand for a range of goods and services，which would have a beneficial impact on the aftermath of the global recession. He urged policymakers not to be held back by short－term perspectives. Innovation Group has already developed a reliable alternate energy solution，which the company believes will change the landscape of this emerging market and other companies will follow suite and offer renewable energy solutions for emerging 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 2 economies. “We are quickly becoming an industry leader in this space thanks to our in－house expert knowledge on the various SWH technologies available and the application of our Business Process Outsourcing Solutions，which allow for the mass roll－out of these technologies on a national scale.We are proud to be an active part of the solution to the current energy crisis and plan to become a major force in the drive towards sustainability and good environmental practice，”Pule said. 【语篇解读】 像南非这样的新兴经济体经历了经济的快速发展之后会面临能源危机，而走绿 色发展道路是唯一的出路。 1．Which of the following is the best title for this text? A．Advantages of Green Energy B．Green Policies Vital for Emerging Economies C．Potential Energy Crisis for Emerging Economies D．How to Develop Green Energy 解析 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲的是像南非这样的新兴经济体会在发展中遇到 能源危机，因此走绿色发展道路显得很重要，政府应在这方面出台相应的政策。故 B 项作为本 文的标题最合适。 答案 B 2．The underlined part “the energy mix had to be diversified”in Paragraph 5 implies ________. A．energy had to be classified B．different kinds of energy had to be mixed C．a variety of energy had to be developed and used D．a mixture of various energy was essential 解析 句意理解题。根据下文的“including broadening energy carriers to include gas， nuclear，biomass，renewable energy(wind，solar and hydro)，as well as the efficient use of the existing resources，such as coal”可判断，画线部分的含义为“要开发和利 用不同种类的能源”。 答案 C 3．According to Pule Mokoena，________. A．nuclear energy shouldn't be included into energy plans B．focusing too much on the costs of green policies is shortsighted C．green policies alone can solve the economic problems faced by South Africa D．green polices have nothing to do with the use of the existing resources like coal 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 3 解析 推理判断题。根据第八段中的“Too many companies are focusing on the costs of green policies，rather than focusing on the long－term benefits”可推断选 B 项。 答案 B 4．According to the text，the main reason for the adoption of green policies is that ________. A．the existing resources are not efficiently used B．green energy costs less to develop C．green policies can solve the current energy crisis D．green technology will stimulate demand for a range of goods and services 解析 细节理解题。根据全文尤其是最后一段，为了解决目前的能源危机，为了保持可持续发 展，政府必须采取这一政策。 答案 C。 【广东省 2012 届高三考前冲刺卷(一)】C Everyone knows that taxation is necessary in a modern state：Without it，it would not be possible to pay the soldiers and policemen who protect us；nor the workers in government offices who look after our health，our food，our water，and all the other things that we cannot do for ourselves；nor the ministers and members of parliament(国会) who govern the country for us.By means of taxation，we pay for things that we need just as much as we need somewhere to live and something to eat. But everyone knows that taxation is necessary，different people have different ideas about how taxation should be arranged.Should each person have to pay a certain amount of money to the government each year？Or should there be tax on things that people buy and sell？If the first kind of taxation is used，should everyone pay the same tax，whether he is rich or poor？If the second kind of tax is preferred，should everything be taxed equally? In most countries，a direct tax on persons，which is called income tax，exists.It is arranged in such a way that the poorest people pay nothing，and the percentage of tax grows greater as the taxpayer’s income grows.In England，for example，the tax on the richest people goes up as high as ninetyfive percent! 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 4 But countries with direct taxation nearly always have indirect taxation too.Many things imported into the country have to pay taxes or “duties”．Of course，it is the men and women who buy these imported things in the shops who really have to pay the duties，in the form of higher prices.In some countries，too，there is a tax on things sold in the shops.If the most necessary things are taxed，a lot of money is collected，but the poor people suffer most.If unnecessary things like jewels and fur coats are taxed，less money is got but the tax is fairer，as the rich pay it. Probably this last kind of indirect tax，together with a direct tax on incomes which is low for the poor and high for the rich，is the best arrangement. 36．The first paragraph tells us about the________. A．tax policies B．taxable items C．arrangement of taxation D．importance of taxation 37．Which of the following statements about income tax is NOT true in most countries? A．The poorest pay no tax. B．The poor pay the same taxes as the rich. C．The rich pay more taxes than the poor. D．The rich pay a very high percentage of tax. 38．People who buy imported items in the shops have to pay duties________. A．to the government office B．at a lower price C．as an income tax D．in the form of higher prices 39．According to the writer，if valuable things are taxed，________. A．much money is collected B．the poor suffer a lot C．the rich will be happy D．the tax is more reasonable 40．In the passage，the writer suggests________. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 5 A．two kinds of income taxes B．the importance of indirect taxes C．the fairer income taxes D．more than one kind of indirect taxes 36．D [第一段第一句就是主题句。] 37．B [从第三段可以作出判断。] 38．D [第四段第三句已经点明了此题答案。] 39．D [从第四段最后一句可知答案。] 40．D [从文章最后两段内容可以看出最佳选项。] 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出最佳选项。 【2013 届广东省六校第二次联考】 LEEDS, England—A Leeds University psychology professor is teaching a course to help dozens of Britons forgive their enemies. "The hate we hold within us is a cancer, " Professor Ken Hart said, adding that holding in anger can lead to problems such as high blood pressure and heart disease. More than 70 people have become members in Hart's first 20-week workshop in London—a course he says is the first of its kind in the world. These are people who are sick and tired of living with a memory. They realize their bitterness is a poison they think they can pour out, but they end up drinking it themselves, said Canadian- born Hart. The students meet in groups of eight to ten for a two-hour workshop with an adviser every fortnight. The course, ending in July, is expected to get rid of the cancer of hate in these people. "People have lots of negative attitudes towards forgiveness," he said, "People confuse forgiveness with forgetting. Forgiveness means changing from a negative attitude to a positive one." Hart and his team have created instructions to provide the training needed. "The main idea is to give you guidelines on how to look at various kinds of angers 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 6 and how they affect you, and how to change your attitudes towards the person you are angry with," said Norman Claringbull, a senior expert on the forgiveness project. Hart said he believes forgiveness is a skill that can be taught, as these people "want to get free of the past". 36. From this passage we know that________. A. high blood pressure and heart disease are caused by hate B. high blood pressure can only be cured by psychology professors C. without hate, people will have less trouble connected with blood and heart D. people who suffer from blood pressure and heart disease must have many enemies 【答案】C 【解析】细节理解题。文章第二段“......holding in anger can lead to problems such as high blood pressure and heart disease.”说明心怀愤怒可能导致如高血压和心脏病 之类的问题。所以没有仇恨，人们将有更少和血液心脏有关的麻烦。故选 C。 37. If you are angry with somebody, you should________. A. attend Hart’s course B. never meet him or her any longer C. persuade him or her to have a positive talk with you D.treat him or her positively instead of negatively 【答案】D 【解析】细节理解题。通过文章第 6 段可知，如果你生某人的气，你应该以一种积极的态度 去对待他（她），而不是消极的。 38. In Hart's first 20- week workshop, people there can ________. A. meet their enemies B. change their attitudes C.enjoy the professor's teaching D. learn how to quarrel with others 【答案】B 【解析】细节理解题。通观全文，我们可以看出人们在 Hart 的工作室能够学会原谅，改变 他们对仇恨的态度。故选 B。 39. If you are a member in Hart's workshop, you'll________. A. meet in eight or ten groups B. get rid of the illness of cancer C.attend a gathering twice a month D. pour out everything stored in your mind 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 7 【答案】C 【解析】细节理解题。第五段“The students meet in groups of eight to ten for a two-hour workshop with an adviser every fortnight.”说明成员们每两周聚集一次，也就是一个 月两次。 40. The author wrote this passage in order to________. A. persuade Britons to go to Hart's workshop B. tell us the news about Hart's workshop C. tell us how to run a workshop like Hart's D.help us to look at various kinds of angers 【答案】B 【解析】推理判断题。第三段“More than 70 people have become members in Hart's first 20-week workshop……”和第七段“Hart and his team have created instructions to provide the training needed.”都说明作者写这篇文章是为了告诉我们关于 Hart 的工作 室的消息。 【广东省 2012 届高三考前冲刺卷(一)】D The quality of drinking water in Shanghai will meet European Union standard by 2015 and，a decade later，citizens in Shanghai will drink the best water in the world. These were the goals set by the Shanghai Water Authority.With the city’s population expected to increase only slightly and the economy to boom by 2020，Chen Yin，an official with the water authority，said Shanghai’s water consumption will not increase from its present amount. Zhang Yue，director of the Urban Construction Division under the Ministry of Construction，said，“Shanghai is the first city in the country to publicize these ambitions.They will not be easy to achieve.” He said water saving will help keep the sustainable development of China’s economy. Saving one cubic meter of water means saving the city’s infrastructure(基础设施) costs by 10,000 yuan.Last year，Shanghai saved 300 million cubic meters of water either from readjustment of industrial structure or the employment of new 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 8 technology. “The_aim is to arouse public awareness of the seriousness of water shortage，” Chen said，“The abundant surface water and amount of rain of the city are so misleading that they result in improper use of water.” Shanghai lacks drinkable water.The Huangpu River，which supplies 80 percent of the city’s drinkable water，is nearing exhaustion. The city，therefore，has been exploring new sources from the Yangtze River and growing forests along it to conserve quality water. Besides penning regulations，the authority is popularizing technology among the public to efficiently cut the amount of water used. At present，the city has 600,000 family toilets，each using 13 liters of water per flush.These are to be renovated(整修) to use only 9 liters of water per flush. The authority is renovating the first 200 toilets for households—at a cost of 40 yuan each. In three years，all the toilets will be renovated，which saves the city nearly 15 million yuan every year in water conservation. Another task the city is engaged in is the treatment of sewage(污水) to improve the water environment. At present the city can only treat 44 percent of its daily 5.04 million tons of waste water.To meet the total demand,27 more sewagetreatment factories are to be established with an estimated investment of 18 billion yuan. 41．The people in Shanghai get their daily water mainly from ________ now. A．underground B．the Yellow River C．the Yangtze River D．the Huangpu River 42．The underlined words “the aim” here refer to ________. A．the quality of drinking water in Shanghai will meet European Union standard by 2015 B．citizens in Shanghai will drink the best water in the world by 2025 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 9 C．water saving will help keep the sustainable development of China’s economy D．saving one cubic meter of water means saving the city’s infrastructure costs by 10,000 yuan 43．The authority is renovating the first 200 toilets for households to ________. A．make people’s living more convenient B．save drinkable fresh water C．ease employment pressure D．meet the total demand of water 44．The writer wrote the passage to ________. A．call on residents to save water in their daily life B．seek ways to solve water shortage existing in Shanghai C．introduce Shanghai’s advanced experience in improving the water environment D．show that citizens in Shanghai will have the best drinking water in the world 45．In the opinion of Zhang Yue，the real meaning of the action to publicize these ambitions is to make people know ________. A．it is not easy to achieve B．water shortage is very serious in China C．the importance of improving infrastructure D．economic development can’t be separated with water supply 41．D [文章第七段告诉我们：上海 80%的城市饮用水来自黄浦江。] 42．D [aim 此处指“目标”，即上文提到的每节约一立方水相当于节约城市基础设施费用 1 万元。] 43．B [厕所改造也是为了节约饮用水。] 44．D [作者在文章第一段首先点明了主题，即上海人将在 2015 年饮用上最干净的水。] 45．B [从文中第三段可知。]