2020-2021年高考英语完形填空讲解练习：利用固定搭配解题 7页

2020-2021 年高考英语完形填空讲解练习：利用固定搭配解题 技法指导 完形填空题中对词汇知识的考查，主要体现在习惯用法和同义词、近义词的辨析两方面。习惯用法是 英语中某种固定的结构形态，即所谓的“习语”，不能随意改动。所以，考生平时应掌握好习惯用法。对词义 辨析题的考查有加大力度的趋势。要做好这类题，需要有较大的词汇量和词语搭配能力、词语辨析能力， 特别是在特定的语境中能灵活运用的能力。 精炼必刷题： （一） Sometimes a certain day has a special meaning. Fridays meant a trip to a senior nursing home downtown for me. It seemed as if this nursing home needed help, but 1 did I know it would help me, too. During my first visit I was asked to 2 some of the female residents' nails. I carefully 3 the old color on their nails. As I applied new color, one woman 4 to tell me about her hidden pains, from her husband’s death to the one 5 she wanted most: a camera. I listened carefully. She smiled 6 , with some of her past pains taken off her mind. I left the nursing home that day, 7 by the fact that I had actually helped somebody. I realized that my 8 actions, just listening, for example, could make a(n) 9 to others' lives. One woman, who happily commented that we 10 the same first name, confided (吐露) her opinions to me. Another 11 showed me a birthday card her children had sent her. Of course, not all of the conversations were 12 . When one elderly woman talked to me about 13 her 13-year-old daughter would be graduating from middle school this year, I didn’t know what to do but nod and listen, 14 that her daughter must have graduated decades ago. Although I could not 15 more years to the lives of these elderly residents, I could give them something simple that's often 16 in our society. Through our conversations, I gave them the 17 that in this fast-paced world, they were not forgotten—that members of younger generations still cared about them. Every moment I spend 18 is an opportunity to reduce their pain. 19 , that moment also shapes me. I not only learn about life and experiences outside of school but also receive the gift of being part of this 20 —the connection between humans. Those moments of sharing and listening are magical for both the giver and the receiver. 1．A．still B．little C．already D．indeed 2．A．polish B．wash C．cut D．check 3．A．took away B．rubbed off C．showed off D．gave up 4．A．continued B．expected C．agreed D．started 5．A．collection B．product C．award D．item 6．A．at least B．more or less C．in relief D．in vain 7．A．inspired B．reminded C．moved D．puzzled 8．A．unique B．polite C．casual D．simple 9．A．chance B．impression C．difference D．decision 10．A．remembered B．shared C．contained D．carried 11．A．cautiously B．accidentally C．proudly D．finally 12．A．pleasant B．serious C．formal D．interesting 13．A．when B．why C．what D．that 14．A．convincing B．knowing C．indicating D．persuading 15．A．add B．connect C．supply D．compare 16．A．valued B．loved C．blamed D．overlooked 17．A．memory B．possibility C．assurance D．assumption 18．A．chatting B．waiting C．acting D．watching 19．A．Above all B．In other words C．In turn D．In a word 20．A．tradition B．process C．habit D．trip （二） My mother had me when she was 19. Although I did not grow up with her， I know she's kind to me because she wants to 1 me the best of everything. I 2 her when I was a teenager. It was a 3 year with various kinds of quarrels and 4 . We were through heaven and hell 5 we made it through. We have a different kind of 6 ，the kind of bond that you can 7 from a mother and a daughter with a 19﹣year ﹣age 8 . We are not the hugging﹣kissing﹣I﹣love﹣you type. For some reason I find it 9 to hug my mom. I make my mom feel loved and special as a friend. We lend our 10 to each other from jewels to books. We do things like shopping for clothes， movies， haircuts 11 in our free time. I usually ask her for 12 on matter important to me. It creates a sense of 13 in her that I value her ideas. From fashion advice on my party night， to the courses I ought to 14 when I entered university， to my recent 15 to get married and move out of the country， I 16 my mother. And every time she gives me her thoughts， I can see her eyes 17 softly， either from sadness or happiness， although I can never be too 18 . But there's one thing I am certain I know my mother knows how 19 I am and that I love her with all my heart， even if I don't say it as 20 as I should. 1．A．show B．pass C．hand D．give 2．A．rejoined B．visited C．caught D．found 3．A．happy B．golden C．tough D．short 4．A．arrangements B．adjustments C．competitions D．satisfactions 5．A．so B．or C．for D．but 6．A．friendship B．relationship C．motivation D．communication 7．A．escape B．learn C．expect D．take 8．A．gap B．limit C．mark D．experience 9．A．painful B．exciting C．awkward D．pleasant 10．A．belongings B．goods C．money D．support 11．A．gradually B．slowly C．forever D．together 12．A．questions B．suggestions C．statements D．judgments 13．A．importance B．responsibility C．challenge D．guilt 14．A．pass B．change C．teach D．take 15．A．example B．report C．decision D．development 16．A．confused B．consulted C．contradict D．convinced 17．A．shine B．shut C．narrow D．open 18．A．nice B．reliable C．worried D．sure 19．A．optimistic B．grateful C．reasonable D．polite 20．A．softly B．clearly C．often D．long （一）【答案】 1-5．BABDD 6-10．CADCB 11-15．CADBA 16-20．DCACB 【解析】 【分析】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者到老人院帮助老人，从中感悟到自己简单的行为也能对他人的人生产生 影响，并在此过程中塑造了自己，收获了人生经历和人与人之间情感联系的故事。 1．考查副词辨析。A. still 仍然；B. little 几乎不；C. already 已经；D. indeed 的确。根据 but 可知，前后有转 折含义：老人院的老人似乎需要帮助，但当时“我”几乎不知道(帮助老人)这件事也将帮到“我”自己。故选 B。 2．考查动词辨析。A. polish 擦除；B. wash 洗；C. cut 切；D. check 检查。根据下文“I carefully________ the old color on their nails. As I applied new color...”可知，作者帮助老人美甲，除去旧颜色，涂上新颜色。故选 A。 3．考查动词短语辨析。A. took away 带走；B. rubbed off 擦掉；C. showed off 炫耀；D. gave up 放弃。“我” 认真地擦掉她们指甲上的旧颜色。故选 B。 4．考查动词辨析。A. continued 继续；B. expected 期盼；C. agreed 题意；D. started 开始。在“我”(给她们的 指甲)上新颜色的时候，一位老妇人开始向“我”讲述自己的隐痛。上下文没有提示作者主动要求听取老人的 故事，因此不存在“同意”。故选 D。 5．考查名词辨析。A. collection 收集；B. product 产品；C. award 奖励；D. item 物品。从她去世的丈夫说到 她最想要的物品：照相机。故选 D。 6．考查短语辨析。A. at least 至少；B. more or less 或多或少；C. in relief 欣慰；D. in vain 徒劳。根据下文“with some of her past pains taken off her mind.”可知，倾诉过之后，老人卸下了一些过去的痛苦，因此推知，她如 释重负地笑了。故选 C。 7．考查动词辨析。A. inspired 鼓舞；B. reminded 提醒；C. moved 移动；D. puzzled 困惑。“我”实实在在地帮 助了别人，这个事实让“我”受到了鼓舞。故选 A。 8．考查形容词辨析。A. unique 唯一的；B. polite 有礼貌的；C. casual 随意的；D. simple 简单的。根据下文“just listening, for example，”以及倒数第二段“I could give them something simple...”可知，仅仅是倾听这样的简单 行为……。故选 D。 9．考查名词辨析。A. chance 机会；B. impression 印象；C. difference 不同；D. decision 决定。“我”意识到自 己简单的行为，比如仅仅是倾听，都能对他人的生活产生影响。make a difference 意为“起作用，有影响”。 故选 C。 10．考查动词辨析。A. remembered 记得；B. shared 分享；C. contained 含有；D. carried 携带。“我”们有相同 的姓氏。share 意为“分享，共有”。故选 B。 11．考查副词辨析。A. cautiously 小心地；B. accidentally 偶然地；C. proudly 骄傲地；D. finally 最终。另外 一位老人骄傲地向“我”展示孩子寄给她的生日贺卡。故选 C。 12．考查形容词辨析。A. pleasant 愉快的；B. serious 认真的；C. formal 正式的；D. interesting 有趣的。根据 下文“I didn't know what to do but nod and listen”可知，“我”不知该做些什么，只能一边点头，一边听着，由此 推知，不是所有的对话(经历)都是轻松愉快的。故选 A。 13．考查名词性从句。A. when 当……时候；B. why 为什么；C. what 什么；D. that 只起连接作用，没有含义。 根据下文“her daughter must have graduated decades ago.”可知，她的女儿一定已经在几十年前就毕业了，由此 推知，这位上了年纪的老妇人把发生过的事当作将要发生的事，给“我”讲她 13 岁的女儿将要在今年从中学 毕业。故选 D。 14．考查动词辨析。A. convincing 信服；B. knowing 知道；C. indicating 表明；D. persuading 说服。根据上文 “I didn't know what to do but nod and listen”可知，“我”不知该做些什么，只能一边点头，一边听着，(因为)“我” 知道她的女儿一定已经在几十年前就毕业了。故选 B。 15．考查动词辨析。A. add 增加；B. connect 连接；C. supply 提供；D. compare 比较。尽管“我”不能使这些 老年人的生命多增加几年，即延长他们的寿命。故选 A。 16．考查动词辨析。A. valued 珍惜；B. loved 爱；C. blamed 责备；D. overlooked 忽视。根据上文“something simple”以及下文“in this fast paced world”可知，“我”能够给他们一些被这个(行色匆匆的)社会忽视的简单的东 西。故选 D。 17．考查名词辨析。A. memory 记忆；B. possibility 可能；C. assurance 保证；D. assumption 假想。通过“我” 们谈话的过程，“我”给了他们一种保证，即在这个行色匆匆的世界，他们没有被遗忘——年轻一代的人依然 关心他们。故选 C。 18．考查动词辨析。A. chatting 交谈；B. waiting 等待；C. acting 行动；D. watching 观看。根据前文“Through our conversations”可知，“我”与老人家交谈，因此推知，“我”跟他们的每一次交谈都是减轻他们痛苦的机会。 故选 A。 19．考查短语辨析。A. Above all 首先；B. In other words 换句话说；C. In turn 轮流；D. In a word 总而言之。 反过来，(与老人家交谈的)那些时刻也塑造了“我”。故选 C。 20．考查名词辨析。A. tradition 传统；B. process 过程；C. habit 习惯；D. trip 旅行。根据上文“Every moment I spend...”以及下文“Those moments of sharing and listening...”可知，本段的中心为“我”与老人家交谈所花的时 间，由此推知，在这个过程中，“我”不但了解了学校以外的生活和经历，参与这个过程也使“我”获得了一份 礼物，即人与人之间的(情感)联系。故选 B。 （二）【答案】 1-5．DACBD 6-10．BCACA 11-15．DBADC 16-20．BADBC 【解析】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者回忆和妈妈之间特别的关系，俩人只相差 19 岁。虽然作者不常表 达爱意，但是人生的各种决定都会和母亲商量，俩人之间的爱是毋庸置疑的。 1． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然我没有和她一起长大，但我知道她对我很好，因为她想给我最好的一 切。A. show 表演；B. pass 通过；C. hand 递给；D. give 给予。根据上文我知道她对我很好，可知应该是因 为她想给我最好的一切，故选 D。 2． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我十几岁的时候和她重逢。 A. rejoined 重逢；重新加入；B. visited 访问； C. caught 抓到；D. found 找到。根据上文 Although I did not grow up with her，可知是重逢， 故选 A。 3． 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是一个艰难的一年，各种各样的争吵和调整。A. happy 快乐的；B. golden 金色的；C. tough 困难的；强硬的；D. short 短的。 根据下文 with various kinds of quarrels 可知是困难的， 故选 C。 4． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上 A. arrangements 安排；B. adjustments 调整。C. competitions 比赛；D. satisfactions 满足。根据下文 We were through heaven and hell ___5___we made it through，可知我们在进行着 各种各样的争吵和调整。故选 B。 5． 考查连词词义辨析。句意：我们经历了天堂和地狱，但我们成功了。A. so 所以；B. or 或者；C. for 为 了；D. but 但是。前后两句互为转折关系，故选 D。 6． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们有一种不同的关系，一种你可以从一个母亲和一个 19 岁的女儿身上期 待的纽带。A. friendship 友谊；B. relationship 关系；C. motivation 动机；D. communication 沟通。根据后面 the kind of bond 可知是关系，故选 B。 7． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. escape 逃跑；B. learn 学习；C. expect 期待；D. take 采取。根据 上文说不同的关系，可知是指相差 19 岁的母女，因此这里为期待，故选 C。 8． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。 A. gap 间隙；代沟；B. limit 限制；C. mark 标记；D. experience 经 验。根据上文 My mother had me when she was 19， 可知是代沟，故选 A。 9． 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不知为什么我觉得拥抱我妈妈很尴尬。A. painful 疼痛的；B. exciting 令 人兴奋的；C. awkward 笨拙的；尴尬的；D. pleasant 愉快的。根据上文 We are not the hugging﹣kissing﹣I ﹣love﹣you type，可知是尴尬的，故选 C。 10． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：从珠宝到书籍，这些东西都借给对方。A. belongings 物品；B. goods 货物； C. money 金钱；D. support 支持。 根据下文 to each other from jewels to books，可知是物品，故选 A。 11． 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们在空闲时间一起买衣服，看电影，理发。A. gradually 逐渐地；B. slowly 慢慢地；C. forever 永远；D. together 一起。根据上文我们，所以“一起”符合语境，故选 D。 12． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我通常就对我重要的事情向她征求意见。A. questions 问题；B. suggestions 建 议；C. statements 陈述；D. judgments 判决。根据下文 that I value her ideas 以及 From fashion advice on my party night 可知是建议，故选 B。 13． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我重视她的想法，这使她产生了一种重要的感觉。A. importance 重要性； B. responsibility 责任；C. challenge 挑战；D. guilt 内疚。根据上文我重视她的想法，可知这使她产生了一 种重要的感觉。故选 A。 14． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：从我派对之夜的时尚建议，到我进入大学后应该修的课程，再到我最近决 定结婚并搬出这个国家，我都咨询了我的母亲。A. pass 传递；B. change 改变；C. teach 教；D. take 上...... 课。根据下文 when I entered university，这里上课符合语境，故选 D。 15． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. example 示例；B. report 报告；C. decision 决定；D. development 发 展。结婚在本句中应该是个决定，故选 C。 16． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。 A. confused 困惑；B. consulted 咨询；C. contradict 反驳；D. convinced 确信。 根据下文 And every time she gives me her thoughts 可知是咨询，故选 B。 17． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：每次她给我她的想法，我能看到她的眼睛温柔地发亮，或悲伤或快乐，虽 然我不太能确定。A. shine 发光；B. shut 关闭；C. narrow 眯起；狭窄；D. open 打开。根据上文每次她给 我她的想法，下文应该是眼睛闪着光，故选 A。 18． 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。 A. nice 不错的；B. reliable 可靠的；C. worried 忧心忡忡的；D. sure 确定的；当然的。 根据下文 But there's one thing I am certain 可知是我不太能确定，故选 D。 19． 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我知道我妈妈知道我有多感激她，知道我全心全意地爱她，即使我不经 常说。 A. optimistic 乐观的；B. grateful 感激的；C. reasonable 合理的；D. polite 有礼貌的。根据下文，可 知我全心全意地爱她，可推断是感激，故选 B。 20． 考查副词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. softly 轻柔；B. clearly 明显；C. often 经常；D. long 长的。根据 前文，可知作者不经常和母亲说“我爱你”这样的话，故选 C。