2020-2021年高考英语语法填空专项训练（一） 8页

2020-2021 年高考英语语法填空专项训练（一） Olympic and Paralympic medals for the Tokyo 2020 Games will be made from recycled mobile phones donated by the public. Olympic host cities have 1 ( tradition ) obtained the metal from mining firms. But Japan, 2 lacks its own mineral resources, is keen on taking the theme of a sustainable future a step 3 (far). "A project which allows the people of Japan 4 (participate) in creating the medals is really good, and helps raise environmental awareness, "said Tokyo 2020 sports 5 (direct) Koji Murofushi. " 6 the resources of our earth are limited, we need to recycle more and avoid waste. This program is setting an example." Collection boxes have been placed in local offices and telecom stores and they will remain there until the metal required 7 (collect). Members of the organizing committee put forward the idea to government officials and companies earlier this year and won their support. As a result, the medals hanging around Olympic winners' necks will carry even more meaning 8 usual. People's personal memories, once 9 (store) in their smart phones and other handheld devices, will take the round shape of an Olympic medal, one of the most precious 10 (prize) in sport. 【答案】 1. 【答案】 traditionally 【解析】考查副词。奥运会主办城市传统上是从矿业公司那里获得金属。根据文章中句子的 结构可知，设空处修饰谓语动词，作状语，需要用所给词的副词形式。故填 traditionally。 2. 【答案】which 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。根据句子结构可知设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行 词 Japan 将先行词代入定语从句后为：Japan lacks its own mineral resources.由此可见，关系词在定 语从句中作主语，且指“事物”，故填 which。 3 .【答案】further 【解析】考查副词的比较级。但是，缺乏本国矿产资源的日本，却热衷于将可持续发展的主题 向前推进一步。根据句子结构和意思可知，设空处用来修饰 taking the theme of a sustainable future, 且 the theme of a sustainable future 是具有抽象概念的，故填 further。 4.【答案】 to participate 【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据 allow sb. to do sth.(允许某人做某事）可知此处填动词的不定式。 故填 to participate。 5.【答案】 director 【解析】考查名词。根据设空处后面出现的 Koji Murofushi 以及引号里的话，可知此处该填名 词，指人。故填 director。 6.【答案】 As/Because/Since 【解析】考查连词。句意：因为我们地球上的资源是有限的，所以我们需要更多地回收利用， 避免浪费。逗号前后为因果关系，设空处引导一个原因状语从句。故填 As/Because/Since。 7.【答案】 is collected/has been collected 【解析】 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：收集箱已经放置在当地的办公室和电信商店里， 它们将一直留在那里直到所需的金属被收集。until 引导时间状语从句，required 作 the metal 的后 置定语，设空处则为时间状语从句的谓语，主语与谓语之间是被动关系，时间状语从句用一般现 在时表示将来。故填 is collected,也可强调搜集的金属的影响，填 has been collected。 8.【答案】 than 【解析】考查介词。根据上文中的“more meaning”可知设空处需填介词 than,意为“比”。 9.【答案】 stored 【解析】考查状语从句的省略。人们的个人记忆一旦储存在智能手机和其他手持设备中，就会 变成圆形的奥运奖牌，这是体育界最珍贵的奖品之一。once 后完整的句子为 they are stored in their smart phones and other handheld devices。由于主句的主语和从句的主语一致，从句谓语含有 be 动 词，可将从句的主语和 be 动词省略，故填 stored。 10.【答案】 prizes 【解析】 考查名词的复数形式。根据名词前出现的 one of 可知，需用复数形式。故填 prizes。 二、 Dogs, just like humans, can get cold when the temperature starts to drop. We can wear coats or hats, but dogs don't really have them 1 they just refuse to wear them . If you live in a cold climate , it will be important 2 ( know ) your dogs' limits and how you can keep them safe and warm. Actually, whether it is too cold for dogs to go outside heavily depends upon the dog's size , coat 3______ ( thick ) , color and other 4 ( factor ) , but in general , when the temperature hits below 32 degrees Fahrenheit(华氏度）,dogs can actually start to get hurt from 5 cold. In many parts of the world, the temperature 6 (remain) below 32 degrees Fahrenheit for several months at a time. Since dogs 7 (obvious) can't stay inside all day during the winter season, the most important thing to remember is to pay attention to your dogs when you take them out. They will typically let you know if they are not 8 (comfort). If your dog isn't a breed(品种）that can bear the cold well, 9 (get)them a coat can be helpful. Make sure that the coat is warm but still allows your dog to have a full range 10 motion. 【答案】 1.【答案】 or 【解析】考查连词。句意：狗，就像人类一样，会在温度开始下降时感到寒冷。我们可以穿外 套或戴帽子，但狗狗并没有外套或帽子，或者说它们拒绝穿戴这些东西。设空处前后两个句子表 示选择关系，故填并列连词 or。 2.【答案】to know 【解析】句意：如果你生活在寒冷的气候中，了解你的狗的极限以及如何使它们安全和温暖是 很重要的。本句中 it 为形式主语，提示词为动词，由此可推知设空处需填非谓语动词作真正的主 语。根据前文的表语 important 可知设空处填不定式 to know。 3.【答案】 thickness 【解析】句意：事实上，是否天气太冷，狗狗不能外出，很大程度上取决于狗狗的大小、皮毛厚 度、颜色和其他因素。但一般来说，当温度低于 32 华氏度时，狗狗实际上会开始受到寒冷的伤害。 设空处与名词 size, color 并列作 depends upon 的宾语，需填名词形式，根据提示词可知设空处填 thickness。 4.【答案】factors 【解析】根据设空处前的 other 可知设空处填名词复数形式 factors,意为：因素。 5.【答案】the 【解析】本题考查冠词。根据本句中的“when the temperature hits below 32 degrees Fahrenheit" 可知设空处后的名词 cold 表示特指，故填定冠词 the。 6.【答案】 remains 【解析】句意：在世界上的许多地方，气温会持续几个月低于 32 华氏度。本句介绍某些地区的 温度，需用一般现在时。主语 temperature 属于单数第三人称概念，故填 remains。 7.【答案】obviously 【解析】句意：在冬天狗很显然不能整天待在室内，所以最重要的是要记住，当你带它们出去 的时候要注意你的狗狗。设空处作状语，需填副词形式，故填 obviously。 8.【答案】comfortable 【解析】句意：如果它们感到不舒服，一般会让你知道。设空处作表语，表示“舒服的”，故填 形容词 comfortable。 9.【答案】 getting/to get 【解析】句意：如果你的狗不是耐寒的品种，给它们一件外套会很有益。设空处作主语，提示 词为动词，由此可知设空处需用不定式或动名词作主语，故填 getting 或 to get。 10.【答案】 of 【解析】句意：要确保外套是温暖的，但还要让你的狗有足够的活动范围。设空处后的 motion 与 range 为所属关系，故填介词 of,意为：活动的范围。 三、 "Going off to college" is a milestone in any young adult's life. The phrase often conjures up(使想起） images of independence, exposure to new perspectives, knowledge, and 1 (possible)even one or more sips of alcohol. In America, however, few people use the phrase" going off to university". Is there any difference between "university" 2 "college"? While university appears to be the older of the two terms, 3 (date) back to the 13th century, schools and students in North America use "college" to describe most places of higher learning. A college is typically a four-year school that 4 (offer) undergraduate degrees. Universities, 5 the other hand, tend to offer both undergraduate and graduate programs However, an institution that fits the criteria of a university might choose to call 6 (it) a college. People tend to think a university is harder 7 (get) into but it's not always the case. Some colleges might ask more of 8 (apply) than universities. In the UK, students go off to " university" instead of "college". The British version of college is typically a two-year program 9 students either focus on learning one particular skill set or use the time to prepare for 10 ( exam ) so that they can advance to university. 【答案】 1.【答案】possibly 【解析】“上大学”在任何一个年轻人的生命中都是一个里程碑。通常这个词让人有这样的想法， 即独立，接触新观点，知识，甚至可能喝点小酒。设空处作状语，需填副词形式，故填 possibly。 2.【答案】 and 【解析】句意：然而在美国，很少有人使用“going off to university"这个短语。"university"和"college" 有什么区别吗？根据本句中的 between 可知设空处填并列连词 and,构成“between...and...”结构。 3.【答案】dating 【解析】句意：虽然这两个词中的“university”更古老一些，可以追溯到 13 世纪，但北美的学 校和学生都用"college"这个词来描述大多数从事高等教育的场所。设空处作定语，被修饰词 university 与 date 为逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词形式，相当于非限制性定语句“...,which dates back to the 13th century"。 4.【答案】offers 【解析】句意：“college”往往指那些四年制的、能授予本科学位的大学。“that 4 (offer)undergraduat degrees"为定语从句，设空处在定语从句中作谓语。本句介绍 college 的特点， 需用一般现在时，先行词 school 为名词单数，故填 offers。 5.【答案】 on 【解析】句意：另一方面，university 往往同时开设本和研究生课程。on the other hand 为固定短 语，意为：另一方面。 6.【答案】 itself 【解析】句意：然而，一个符合 university 标准的机也可能会自称为 college。设空处作宾语， 它和主语 institution 指同一物，故设空处需填反身代词，根据提示词 it 可知在设空处填 itself 7.【答案】 to get 【解析】句意：人们往往认为进入 university 比较难但事实并非总是如此。“主语+be+hard+不 定式”为固定结构。 8.【答案】applicants 有时 【解析】对 college 申请者的要求比 university 申请者的要求还要高。设空处作宾语，需填词形 式，根据句意可知设空处意为“申请者”，故填 applicants。 9.【答案】where 【解析】句意：英国版的 college 是典型的两年制课程，学生们要么专注于学习一项特定的技能， 要么利用这段时间来准备考试以便能够进入 university 进一步深造。本题考查定语从句用法。先行 词为 program,将先行词代入定语从句后为：Students either focus on learning one particular skill set or...in the program.由此可知设空处填 where。 10.【答案】exams 【解析】设空处作介词 for 的宾语，应该用名词形式。设空处前没有不定冠词且表示泛指，需 用名词复形式，故填 exams。 四、 Experiences are acquired through our journey in life; we choose and create our beliefs , fears and opinions 1 ( base )on all our experiences in life. Even though things and life are the way they are, we all have different opinions and beliefs about everything and everybody. Other people have opinions about us too. But 2 really matters is the opinion we have about 3 ( we ) . You either choose to accept and follow what other people believe 4 decide to be yourself and live according to the reality of life. 5 living life as it is and being yourself, you create an image about yourself. It is extremely important 6 (understand) how this image, created by your beliefs and imagination, directs and influences your 7 (grow). This image that you create about yourself 8 (determine) who you are and how you feel; it determines how successful you become in life. Everything starts in the mind. If you really want to accomplish your dreams, picture yourself having and living the life you want. Believe in yourself and be 9 (confidence)! It doesn't matter how bad or difficult the 10 (circumstance) may look like. In short, you are as happy or sad as you see yourself. 【答案】 1 .【答案】based 【解析】句意：经验是我们在人生旅途中获得的；我们根据生活中的所有经历来选择和创造我 们的信仰、恐惧和观点。本题考查非谓语动词作状语。（be)based on 意为：基于，根据。本空需用 过去分词形式作状语，故填 based。 2 .【答案】what 【解析】句意：但真正重要的是我们对自己的看法。“2 really matters”为主语从句，该从句缺 少主语且设空处表示“事物”，故填 what。 3 .【答案】ourselves 【解析】句意：你要么选择接受和追随别人的信仰，要么决定做你自己，按照现实来生活。设 空处作介词 about 的宾语，且提示词与主语 we 一致，故填反身代词 ourselves。 4 .【答案】or 【解析】根据本句中的 either 可知设空处需填 or,构成 either...or...结构，意为：要么……，要么…… 5 .【答案】By 【解析】句意：通过真实的生活和做你自己，你创造了一个关于你自己的形象。设空处与后面 的动名词短语作方式状语，故填介词 By。 6 .【答案】to understand 【解析】句意：理解这个由你的信念和想象力所创造的形象是如何指导和影响你的成长是极其 重要的。本句中 It 作形式主语，用不定式形式作真正主语，故填 to understand。 7. 【答案】growth 【解析】 设空处前有形容词性物主代词且设空处作动词 influences 的宾语，故填名词 growth。 8 .【答案】determines 【解析】句意：你为自己塑造的形象决定了你的身份和感受。考查主谓一致。根据上下文可知 设空处用一般现在时；主语“This image”为单数第三人称概念，故填 determines。 9.【答案】 confident 【解析】句意：相信自己，要自信！根据设空处前的 be 且设空处表示“有信心的”，可知需填 形容词 confident。 10 .【答案】circumstances 【解析】句意：不管条件看起来可能有多糟、有多难，那都不重要。circumstance 作“环境、 条件、状况”讲，常用其复数形式，故填 circumstances。