2020届北师大版高考一轮复习必修三学案：Unit7SectionⅤGrammar学案 8页

Section_ⅤGrammar 单元语法项目(一)——定语从句(Ⅱ)‎ 语法图解 探究发现 ‎①Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other.‎ ‎②But it was also a time when there are many great philosophers.‎ ‎③Do you know the reason why he has been late?‎ ‎④For example, it is the country in which silk was first invented.‎ ‎⑤He is a man of whom China can be proud.‎ ‎[我的发现]‎ ‎(1)①②③句中黑体部分的引导词是关系副词，分别在定语从句中充当地点、时间、原因状语。‎ ‎(2)④⑤句中，“介词＋which/whom”引导的定语从句中的介词多与从句的谓语动词搭配以及具体语境有关。同时，which用于指代物，whom用于指代人。‎ 一、关系副词(when, where, why)引导的定语从句 ‎1．when引导定语从句时，从句的先行词为表示时间的名词，在从句中作时间状语。‎ I can never forget the day when I first saw you.‎ 我永远不会忘记第一次见到你的日子。‎ ‎2．where引导定语从句时，从句的先行词为表示地点的名词，在从句中作地点状语。‎ After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town where he grew up as a child.‎ 在巴黎生活了50年后，他回到了儿时成长的那个小镇。(先行词是town)‎ ‎ [名师点津]　关系副词where表示“地点的模糊化”。当先行词表示某人/物的situation，或某事发展的stage，或表达某事的某个方面时都可用关系副词where。常见的先行词还有point, case, position, condition等。‎ The accident has reached to the point where both their parents are to be called in.‎ 事情发展到如此地步，不得不请双方家长来一趟了。‎ ‎3．why引导定语从句时，从句的先行词通常是reason, 在从句中作原因状语。‎ Unsuccessful people can always find reasons why they're not doing well.‎ 不成功的人总能找到自己表现不好的理由。‎ ‎[名师点津]　先行词是the reason时，定语从句的引导词需根据定语从句缺少的成分而定，如果缺少状语，用why；如果缺少主语或宾语，则用that/which。‎ I don't believe the reason (that/which) he gave me for his being late.‎ 我不相信他给出的迟到的理由。‎ ‎[即时演练1]　用适当的关系副词填空 ‎①(2016·天津高考改编)We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, when the weather may be better.‎ ‎②(2015·天津高考改编)The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere where his employees enjoy their work.‎ ‎③(2015·陕西高考改编)As the smallest child of his family，Alex is always longing for the time when he should be able to be independent.‎ ‎④Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth.‎ ‎⑤The village where I was born has grown into a town.‎ ‎⑥The reason why he resigned is known to us.‎ 二、“介词＋which/whom”引导的定语从句 ‎1．“介词＋关系代词”结构引导定语从句时，关系代词只能用which (指物) 或whom (指人)，即：介词＋which/whom，并且不能省略。‎ If you have anything on which you want my opinions, feel free to see me.‎ 如果你们有什么事需要征求我的意见的话，随时来找我。‎ I took a photo of the students, among whom was seated a teacher.‎ 我给这些学生拍了一张照片，他们中间坐着一位老师。‎ ‎2．“介词＋which”在定语从句中作时间、地点、原因状语时，相当于关系副词when, where, why。‎ She still remembers the day on which (＝when) she won the prize.‎ 她仍然记得自己获奖的那一天。‎ This is the house in which (＝where) I lived two years ago.‎ 这是我两年前住过的房子。‎ We didn't know the reason for which (＝why) he refused our help.‎ 我们不知道他拒绝我们帮助的原因。‎ ‎[名师点津]　当定语从句中的谓语动词短语是固定搭配不可分割时，那么该动词短语中的介词不能前置，如listen to, look at, look for, look into, depend on, make use of, pay attention to, take care of等。‎ This is the pen which I'm looking for.‎ 这是我正在找的那支钢笔。‎ ‎3．介词前有时加名词、数词等，构成“名词/数词/不定代词＋of which/whom”结构，在定语从句中作主语。‎ English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of which uses it differently.‎ 英语是一种多元文化共享的语言，每一种文化都以不同的方式使用它。‎ I collected some books，the covers of which (＝whose covers/of which the covers) are yellow with years.‎ 我收藏了一些书，它们的封面因年代久远都变黄了。‎ ‎[名师点津]　“介词＋关系代词(which/whom)”是定语从句重点和难点，因为很多同学不知道该如何确定关系代词(which/whom)前面的介词。下面介绍一个办法：“一先，二动，三意义”。‎ ‎“一先”，即根据先行词来确定介词。‎ The factory in which I'm working mainly produces computers.‎ 我工作所在的工厂主要生产电脑。‎ ‎(in which代替in the factory，在工厂里用介词in。)‎ ‎“二动”，即根据定语从句中的谓语动词来确定介词。‎ In the dark street there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help.‎ 在漆黑的街道上她没有一个人可以求助。‎ ‎(to whom代替to a person；turn to sb.for help向某人求助。)‎ ‎“三意义”，即根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。‎ In the office I never seem to have time until after 5：30 p．m., by which time many people have gone home.‎ 在办公室里下午5：30以前我似乎永远没有时间，到那时，许多人已经回家了。‎ ‎4．“复合介词＋which”引导的定语从句，常用逗号与先行词隔开，而且定语从句常用倒装语序。‎ He lived in a big house, in front of which stood a big tall tree.‎ 他住在一幢大房子里，房前有一棵大树。‎ ‎[名师点津]　“介词＋where”和“介词＋which”的用法不同，如：‎ His head soon appeared out of the window，from where he saw nothing but trees.‎ 他的头很快从窗口露出来，从那儿除了树木他什么也看不见。(from where相当于from out of the window，而不是from the window)‎ ‎[即时演练2]　用“介词＋关系代词”填空 ‎①(2016·江苏高考改编)Many young people, most of_whom were welleducated, headed for ‎ remote regions to chase their dreams.‎ ‎②(2016·浙江高考改编)Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of_which has been proved.‎ ‎③Do you remember the day on_which you joined our club?‎ ‎④There is a big window through_which I can see the railway station.‎ ‎⑤This is the man with_whom I just shook hands.‎ ‎⑥None of us know the reason for_which Tom was absent.‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1. He wrote many children's books, nearly half of which were published in the 1990s.‎ ‎2. This is the person whom/who/that you are looking for.‎ ‎3. I am looking forward to the day when my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.‎ ‎4. The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at work where a good impression is a must.‎ ‎5. Creating an atmosphere where/in_which employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.‎ Ⅱ.单句写作 ‎1．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)This summer I intend to take up a parttime job in a foreign company, through_which_I_would_like_to_broaden_my_horizons (通过此事我能开阔眼界)．‎ ‎2．(2015·广东高考读写任务)Our class also has problems of its own, of_which_the_most_obvious_one_is_the_students'_laziness (其中最明显的一个是学生的懒惰)．‎ ‎3．(2014·全国卷Ⅱ满分作文)First of all, I will have a warm family where_the_members_will_love_each_other_and_care_about_each_other (一个家庭成员彼此相爱和关心的家)．‎ ‎4．(2014·广东高考基础写作)With the help of the local media, he has managed to find 32 time twins from 13 countries, of_whom_there_are_17_males_and_15_females (其中17名男性和15名女性)．‎ ‎5．(2014·安徽高考满分作文)I think the reason why_you__are_always_angry (你生气的原因) may be the high pressure of study.‎ 单元语法项目(二)——形容词和副词的比较级 语法图解 探究发现 ‎①The earth is fortynine times as large as the moon.‎ ‎②The earth is fortynine times larger than the moon.‎ ‎③The earth is fortynine times the size of the moon.‎ ‎④It's getting brighter and brighter.‎ ‎⑤The more books I read，the more information I learn.‎ ‎⑥The book on the table is much more interesting than that on the shelf.‎ ‎⑦He has never spent more worrying day.‎ ‎[我的发现]‎ ‎(1)句①②③是倍数的表达法：①倍数＋as＋adj.＋as；‎ ‎②倍数＋比较级＋than；③倍数＋the＋名词＋of。‎ ‎(2)句④“比较级＋and＋比较级”表示“越来越……”。‎ ‎(3)句⑤“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”表示“越……，_越……”。‎ ‎(4)句⑥比较级前可用much/even等词修饰。‎ ‎(5)句⑦否定词与比较级连用表示最高级。‎ 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级是高考必考的语法项目，必须熟练掌握其用法。对于形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的用法应注意以下具体问题：‎ 一、倍数表达法的三个常用句型 ‎1．...倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as ...‎ Asia is four times as large as Europe.‎ 亚洲的面积是欧洲的四倍。‎ ‎2．...倍数＋形容词/副词比较级＋than ...‎ This hall is five times bigger than our classroom.‎ 这个大厅是我们教室的五倍大。‎ ‎3．...倍数＋the＋性质名词(size/length/height等)＋ of ...‎ The newly broadened square is four times the size of the previous one.‎ 新扩建的广场是未扩建时的四倍大。‎ ‎[名师点津]　英语中用twice或double表示两倍，三倍或三倍以上用times，如three/four ...times。‎ ‎[即时演练1]‎ ‎(1)完成句子 ‎　①It's said that the power plant is now twice_as_large_as what it was.‎ 据说现在这个发电厂大小是过去的两倍。‎ ‎②This restaurant wasn't half_as_good_as that other restaurant we went to.‎ 这家餐馆还没有我们去过的那家餐馆的一半好呢。‎ ‎(2)一句多译 ‎　我们学校是他们学校的四倍大。‎ ‎①Our school is four times as_big_as theirs.‎ ‎②Our school is three times bigger_than theirs.‎ ‎③Our school is four times the_size_of theirs.‎ 二、形容词和副词比较级的特殊用法 ‎1．“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”表示“越……， 越……”。‎ The fatter he becomes，the less confident he will be.‎ 他变得越胖，他就越没有自信。‎ ‎2．“比较级＋and＋比较级”表示“越来越……”。‎ Our city is now becoming more and more beautiful.‎ 我们的城市变得越来越漂亮了。‎ ‎3．“the＋比较级＋of the two＋n.”表示“两者中较……的那个”。‎ The larger of the two islands is Britain, which lies to the east of Ireland.‎ 两个岛屿中较大的一个是不列颠岛，位于爱尔兰的东面。‎ ‎4．“否定词＋比较级”结构表示最高级含义。‎ I have never seen a more interesting book.‎ 我从没看过比这本更有趣的书。‎ ‎5．“more than＋从句”表示“超出……的范围”。‎ The beauty of the city is more than I can describe.‎ 我无法描述这座城市的美。‎ ‎6．“not＋比较级＋than”表示“一方不如另一方”；而“no＋比较级＋than”表示“两者都不……”。‎ Tom is not taller than me.‎ 汤姆不如我高。‎ Tom is no taller than me.‎ 汤姆和我都不高。‎ ‎[名师点津]　用much, far, still, even, a lot, a bit, any, rather, a great deal, by far等修饰形容词或副词的比较级，表示程度，除by far外，必须置于形容词或副词比较级的前面。‎ ‎[即时演练2]　完成句子 ‎①This is by_far_the_most_inspiring_movie that I have ever seen.‎ 这是我曾看过的最鼓舞人心的电影了。 ‎ ‎ ②—How was your recent trip to Sichuan?‎ ‎—I've never had a_more_pleasant_one before.‎ ‎——你的四川之行怎么样？‎ ‎——再好不过了。‎ ‎③The noise is more_than_I_can_put_up_with.‎ 这种噪音我忍受不了。‎ ‎④The_younger_of_the_two_brothers is a doctor.‎ 两兄弟中较年轻的那个是医生。‎ ‎⑤The_more_learned a man is, the_more_modest he usually becomes.‎ ‎ 一个人知识越渊博，他通常越谦虚。‎ ‎⑥The singer is no_more_popular_than_that_one.‎ ‎ 这两位歌手都不受欢迎。‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．Our village is three times the size of the village at the foot of the hill.‎ ‎2．You can't find a better (good) place to live in.‎ ‎3．It is much more exciting to travel by air than by water.‎ ‎4．Of the two coats, I'd choose the cheaper (cheap) one to spare some money for a book.‎ ‎5．The little town has now grown into a modern city, and it is twice (two) as big as what it used to be.‎ ‎6．—The harder (hard) you study，the more interested you'll be in it.‎ ‎—It surely is. It's two degrees hotter (hot) than yesterday.‎ ‎7．The pianos in the other shop will be cheaper (cheap), but not as good.‎ ‎8．The weather here is colder than that of Beijing.‎ Ⅱ.单句写作 ‎1．(2015·广东高考满分作文)The_less_the_teacher_does (老师做得越少), the more the students do and the more they will learn.‎ ‎2．The beauty of the West Lake is more_than_I_can_describe (我难以描述)．‎ ‎3．It becomes_colder_and_colder (变得越来越冷) when winter comes.‎ ‎4．The_taller_of_the_two_boys (两个男孩中较高的那个) is our monitor.‎ ‎5．The manager earns three_times_as_much_as_I (是我的三倍多)．‎