2019版一轮复习英语译林版必修五Unit3Scienceandnature单元学案训练（10页） 10页

‎2019版一轮复习英语译林版必修五 Unit 3Science and nature单元学案训练 单元检测A——语言基础扎根练＋阅读理解提速练 ‎ [语言基础扎根练]‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写/用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎1．This report offered the most specific and accurate (准确的) description of the problems.‎ ‎2．We are studying to prove this point, and it has initially been confirmed (证实)．‎ ‎3．Will you do me a favour (帮忙) and tell me how the Internet works?‎ ‎4．Dennis has recently begun a successful career conducting (指挥) an opera.‎ ‎5．John was adopted (收养) as a baby; he never knew his natural parents.‎ ‎6．Mistakes due to carelessness may have serious consequences (结果) so do be careful.‎ ‎7．We are looking for someone who is reliable (可靠的) and hardworking.‎ ‎8．In no case should we sacrifice principles for economic profits (利润)．‎ ‎9．An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority (大多数) of the committee members are against it.‎ ‎10．American football is quite different from the ordinary (普通的) football.‎ ‎11．Going to college brought about a dramatic transformation (transform) in her outlook. ‎ ‎12．I can't make that decision for you, you will have to use your judgement (judge)．‎ ‎13．Careful consideration (consider) should be given to issues of health and safety.‎ ‎14．It's better for the government to attach more importance to the original (origin) inventions of all kinds.‎ ‎15．Some economists showed their anxiety (anxious) on the present unemployment.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎ ‎1．There are much than 50 people attending the meeting to discuss the heated question.much→more ‎2．The same cognitive (认知的) systems that make young children feel good about figuring something out may have adopted by adult scientists.have后加been ‎3．Hearing a strange noise, the poor man, trembling and frightening, ran out of the dark cave.frightening→frightened ‎4．In a consequence of his ill health, he lost the opportunity.去掉a ‎5．Strictly speaking, you shouldn't enter the lab without the permission. 去掉第二个the ‎6．Onethird of the country is covered with trees and the majority of the citizens is black people.第二个is→are ‎7．For the one hand, cars are very useful. But on the other hand, they cause a huge amount of pollution, which does harm to the ‎ environment.For→On ‎8．The majority of students was indifferent to the political meeting.was→were ‎9．It's very kind of you to do a favour to me by letting me get out of trouble.第二个to→for ‎10．No one put forward anything better than the plan now under the consideration.去掉第二个the Ⅲ.翻译句子 ‎1．所有出席会议的人都赞成该计划。(in favour of)‎ All_the_people_present_at_the_meeting_are_in_favour_of_the_plan.‎ ‎2．他恐吓人们按他的意愿行事。(frighten sb. into)‎ He_frightened_people_into_doing_what_he_wanted. ‎ ‎3．我很遗憾地告诉你，由于你的工作很糟，我不得不把你解雇。(in consequence of, dismiss)‎ I_regret_to_tell_you_in_consequence_of_your_bad_work,_I_am_forced_to_dismiss_you.‎ ‎4．她决定成为一名画家，和她外公一样。(follow in one's footsteps)‎ She decides to become a painter, following in her grandfather's footsteps.‎ ‎5．在我遇到麻烦的时候，他过去常常是第一个来帮助我的人。(序数词＋to do)‎ He_used_to_be_the_first_to_offer_me_help_when_I_met_with_problems.‎ Ⅳ.句型转换/句式升级 ‎1．Could you do me a favour to take these cushions in?‎ ‎→Could you do a favour for me to take these cushions in?‎ ‎2．Thanks to scientists and inventors, today we benefit from countless inventions and innovations.‎ ‎→Thanks to scientists and inventors, today we profit from countless inventions and innovations.‎ ‎3．The mountainous country is so beautiful that I can't describe it.‎ ‎→The_beauty_of_the_mountainous_country_is_more_than_I_can_describe.(more than)‎ ‎4．After they take everything into consideration, they trusted themselves more and returned to their positions.‎ ‎①Having_taken_everything_into_consideration,_they_trusted_themselves_more_and_returned_to_their_positions.(用分词作状语)‎ ‎②Everything_taken_into_consideration,_they_trusted_themselves_more_and_returned_to_their_positions.(独立主格结构)‎ ‎[阅读理解提速练]‎ A The ideal relationship between brothers and sisters is obviously different from the realistic relationships that exist between brothers and sisters. Anyone who has had either a brother, a sister or both will know a little bit about sibling_rivalry. Sibling rivalry does not necessarily stem from (源于) the desire to be the “favorite” among one's parents. In fact, sibling rivalry can also be attributed to a sort of natural competition that arises between people, especially those living close to one another.‎ Already, childhood describes and shapes the ‎ development of the relationships between siblings. So that type of hostile relationship may not continue throughout the siblings' lives. This observation is apparent in many sibling relationships, even my own. Yet, what can explain the change that happens?‎ Perhaps, it has something to do with maturity (成熟). Maturity focuses on one's relationships, even those between siblings. Whether or not maturity helps create friendly terms between siblings is not entirely clear, but it is apparent that maturity helps to explain why siblings take focus away from creating antagonism (对立). If the old saying, “Blood is thicker than water”， is applied to sibling relationships, we find that genetic relationships can enhance social relationships.‎ So, even if we want sibling relationships to be peaceful and loving, we cannot expect those friendly terms to exist always. What is important in this type of relationship is the concept of forgiveness.Forgiveness can heal any wound, and in the case of sibling relationships, it can be the path to a life of togetherness and solidarity (团结)．‎ Therefore, it is entirely true that we cannot pick and choose who is in our family. But, we can learn to live together peaceably despite our differences. This not only applies to sibling relationships, but to all relationships in general. ‎ 语篇解读：手足之争不一定是源于希望得到父母更多的爱，还可能是出于一种人与人之间的自然竞争。本文作者对这一现象产生的原因及其发展和影响进行了分析和解读。‎ ‎1．What does the underlined phrase “sibling rivalry” in Paragraph 1 mean?‎ A．Siblings competing for more love from their parents.‎ B．Parents hardly treating their children equally.‎ C．People liking to live close to one another.‎ D．Students working hard together at their lessons.‎ 解析：选A　词义猜测题。根据上下文(第一段第一句到第三句)的意思可知，sibling rivalry 在此处指“手足之争”，即兄弟姐妹们争相得到父母更多的爱。‎ ‎2．According to the author, the relationships between siblings will become ________.‎ A．more difficult to deal with ‎ B．more and more important C．worse and worse D．better and better 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第二段第二、三句可知，兄弟姐妹之间的敌意不会持续下去，他们之间的关系会变得越来越好。由下文的论述也可得知答案。‎ ‎3．Which of the following can lead to a peaceful and solid life?‎ A．The concept of determination.‎ B．The quality of forgiveness.‎ C．The friendly relationships.‎ D．The spirit of bravery.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知，原谅对稳固家庭关系很有帮助，有利于促进家庭的和睦与团结。‎ ‎4．What should we do if we want to build good relationships?‎ A．Try our best to choose outgoing siblings.‎ B．Be always ready to help each other.‎ C．Accept all the different personalities.‎ D．Try to be quite different from others.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句可知，接受各自的不同个性是建立良好关系的关键。‎ B The most complex object known to humanity is the human brain — and not only is it complex, but it is one of the few natural phenomena that science has no consciousness of. To try to replicate (复制) something that is so poorly understood may therefore seem like pride. But you have to start somewhere, and International Business Machines (IBM) and the Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), in Switzerland, propose to start by replicating “in silico”， one of the brain's building blocks.‎ In a partnership announced, the two organizations said they would be working together to build a simulation (模拟) of a structure known as a neocortical (新大脑皮质的) column on a type of IBM supercomputer that is currently used to study the molecular functioning of genes. If that works, they plan to use more powerful computers to link such simulated columns together into something that mimics (模仿) a brain.‎ In a real brain, a neocortical column is a cylindrical (圆柱形的) element about a third of a millimeter in diameter and three millimeters long. It is these columns, arranged side by side like the cells of a honeycomb, which make up the famous “grey matter” that has become shorthand for human intelligence. The Blue Gene/L supercomputer that will be used for the simulation consists of enough independent processors for each to be programmed to mimic an ‎ individual nerve cell in a column.‎ The EPFL's contribution to the Blue Brain Project will be to create a digital description of how the columns behave. The database from its Brain Mind Institute will provide the raw material for the simulation. Biologists and computer scientists will then connect the artificial nerve cells up in a way that mimics nature. They will do so by assigning electrical properties (电能) to them, and telling them how to communicate with each other and how they should modify their connections with one another depending on their activity.‎ That_will_be_no_mean_feat. Even a single nerve cell is complicated, not least because each one has about 10,000 connections with others. And nerve cells come in great variety — relying, for example, on different chemical transmitters to carry messages across those connections. Eventually, however, a digital representation of an entire column should occur.‎ Assuming that the growth of computing power continues to follow Moore's Law, the leader of IBM's side thinks it should be practical to mimic an entire human brain in silico this way in ten to fifteen years. Such an artificial brain would, of course, be a powerful research tool. It would allow neurological experiments that currently take days in a “web lab” to be conducted in seconds. The researchers hope that their simulated brain will reveal the secrets of how certain psychiatric and neurological, disorders develop. But that is probably not the real reason for doing it. The most interesting question, surely, is whether such an artificial brain will be intelligent, or conscious, or both.‎ 语篇解读：‎ 对于人类来说，人脑是已知的最复杂的物体，也是科学无法解释的自然现象之一。国际商业机器公司和瑞士洛桑联邦理工学院尝试使用超级计算机模拟新皮质柱从而来模仿人脑。研究人员希望借此来探索人造大脑将会有什么功能，这样的人造大脑是否是智能的或者有意识的，还是二者兼而有之。‎ ‎5．In a real brain, a neocortical column ________.‎ A．looks like the cells of a honeycomb B．is a simulation of a structure C．is the famous “grey matter”‎ D．contains a large number of nerve cells 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，超级计算机中的每一个独立处理器被编程来模仿新皮质柱中的单个神经细胞，所以足够多的处理器被用来模仿新皮质柱中的许多的神经细胞。由此可见，在真的大脑中，一个新皮质柱包含大量的神经细胞。故选项D正确。‎ ‎6．What does the underlined sentence “That_will_be_no_mean_feat” in Paragraph 5 indicate?‎ A．It is rather difficult to connect the artificial nerve cells up.‎ B．The function of chemical transmitters is hard to understand.‎ C．A digital representation of an entire column is timeconsuming.‎ D．A single nerve cell is complicated to identify across connections.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第四段第三句和第五段第二句可知，单一的神经细胞是复杂的，而每一个神经细胞与其他神经细胞之间的联系还有约10 000次，所以生物学家和电脑科学家将人造的神经细胞连接到一起是一件相当复杂的事情。故选项A符合题意。no mean feat为固定短语，意为“非常了不起；绝非易事”。‎ ‎7．The fundamental purpose of doing the research is probably ________.‎ A．to simulate an entire human brain in silico B．to tell us how some certain disorders emerge C．to discover how the artificial brain would work D．to examine whether Moore's Law is still functioning 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第六段最后两句可知，最有意义的问题是这样的人造大脑是否是智能的或者有意识的，还是二者兼而有之。显然这个研究的根本目的是为了探索人造大脑将会有什么功能。故选项C正确。‎