江苏省南通等苏北七市2020届高三三模考试英语试题 Word版含解析 34页

- 1 - 2020 届南通等苏北七市高三年级第三次调研测试 英语试题 第一部分 听力 (共两节，满分 20 分) 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂 到答题卡上。 第一节 （共 5 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 5 分） 听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项， 并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一 小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. How much did the book cost? A. £13. B. £15. C. £17. 2. What was the weather like last winter? A. Snowy. B. Windy. C. Rainy. 3. Where does the woman want to go on holiday? A. To the beach. B. To the mountains. C. To the grasslands. 4. What does the man think of his new apartment? A. It has a good view B. It is a little small. C. It is warm. 5. Why have the organizers put off the match? A. Several players are sick. B. The field isn't in good condition. C. The weather today isn’t suitable for it. 第二节(共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分) 听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中 选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题， 每小题 5 秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第 6 段材料，回答第 6、7 题。 6. Where does the conversation take place? A. In a supermarket. B. In a restaurant. C. At home. 7. What did the man forget to buy? A. Ice cream. B. Pizzas. C. Salad. 听第 7 段材料,回答第 8 至 10 题。 - 2 - 8. What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Classmates. B. Father and daughter. C. Sales clerk and customer. 9. What are the speakers talking about? A. Whether to change a phone. B. How to choose a phone. C. When to buy a phone. 10. What does the man suggest the woman do? A. Ask her parents. B. Trust the salesperson. C. Read buyers' reviews. 听第 8 段材料，回答第 11 至 13 题。 11. When did the man begin his lesson? A. Yesterday. B. Last week. C. A month ago. 12. What is the man's opinion on his first lesson? A. Boring. B. Difficult. C. Interesting. 13. What does the woman say about her teacher? A. She was a humorous person. B. She was an excellent rider. C. She was a good teacher. 听第 9 段材料，回答第 14 至 16 题。 14. Why did the man build his website at first? A. To create an online discussion among teenagers. B. To encourage teenagers to read more. C. To develop teenagers ’writing skills. 15. How does the man describe his typical day? A. He has different things to deal with. B. He doesn't have any time to relax. C. He can't keep to his plans. 16. What would the man like to do when he turns 18? A. To work for a big company. B. To study for a degree. C. To run a business. 听第 10 段材料,回答第 17 至 20 题。 17. How long will it take to get to the museum? A. About 20 minutes. B. About 30 minutes. C. About 50 minutes. 18. What is special about the trip for the students? A. They will take a test after returning to school. B. They can take old rings out of containers. - 3 - C. They can pick up ancient pots to study. 19. How do the students look for information in the Technology Center? A. By working on computers. B. By asking Jane Witton. C. By using iPads. 20. What does the speaker want the students to do? A. Make postcards. B. Draw posters. C. Give reports. 第二部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分 35 分） 第一节 单项填空（共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分） 请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上 将该项涂黑。 1.Policies have been made to help the province hard hit by the disaster to________economy. A. review B. reveal C. recover D. reserve 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了帮助在灾难中受到重创的省份恢复经济，一些政策 已经被制定出来了。A. review 复查，反思；B. reveal 揭示，透露；C. recover 恢复；D. reserve 预定，保留。横线后面的宾语为经济，再结合 “province hard hit by the disaster”（受 到灾难重创的省份）可知，制定政策应该是要恢复这些省份的经济。故选 C 项。 2._______the changes we desire, we must be willing to behave in ways that promote them. A. Create B. Creating C. Having created D. To create 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：为了创造我们想要的改变，我们必须愿意以促进改变的方 式行事。分析句意可知，此处指“为了创造我们想要的改变”，表目的，应用动词不定式（to do）形式。故选 D 项。 3.In the years to come, everyone will be able to take pride in______we responded to this challenge. A. what B. when C. that D. how 【答案】D - 4 - 【解析】 【分析】 【详解】考查名词性从句的宾语从句。句意：在未来的岁月里，每个人都会为我们如何应对 挑战的方式感到自豪。分析句子，本句为复合句。其中短语 take pride in 对……感到自豪， 介词 in 后的全部内容做介词的宾语。宾语从句 we responded to this challenge.我们回应 这个挑战，缺少方式状语，副词 how 表示方式，意为“怎样，如何”，符合句意。故选 D 项。 4.At the online job fair, students can review job opportunities,__________their CVs and have interviews remotely. A. drop off B. make up C. cut out D. put away 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：在网上招聘会上，学生可以查看工作机会，投递简历， 远程面试。 A. drop off 放下、递交；B. make up 编造；C. cut out 切断；D. put away 放好。根据空 后的“their CVs and have interviews”可知此处表示“投递简历”，故 A 项正确。 5.— Fancy meeting you here! Are you a librarian? — Not really. I________my volunteer effort until the new term begins. A. will just contributeB. have just contributed C. just contribute D. am just contributing 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查时态。句意：——很高兴在这儿见到你！你是图书馆管理员吗？——并不是。 我只是在做志愿者工作，一直做到新学期开始。根据语境和句中给出的时间状语 until the new term begins 可知，讲话者目前正在从事志愿者工作，表示说话时正在进行的动作，符合现在 进行时的特点，要用现在进行时。故选 D 项。 6.The project that we are working hard to see _______next month will relieve the traffic pressure. A. to be completed B. completing C. completed D. complete 【答案】C 【解析】 - 5 - 【分析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们正在努力争取下个月完成的项目将缓解交通压力。分 析句子可知，本句为含有定语从句的复合句，其中 the project 为先行词，在定语从句 we are working hard to see _______next month 中做 see 的宾语；根据 see sth.done 看到某事被 做完，project 和 complete 为动宾关系，所以使用过去分词作宾语补足语。选项 C 符合题意。 故选 C 项。 7.When Stanley finally made it to the lecture hall, the professor________his speech for half an hour. A. had delivered B. delivered C. was delivering D. has delivered 【答案】A 【解析】 【分析】 【详解】考查动词时态。句意： 当斯坦利终于来到演讲厅时，教授已经演讲半个小时了。根 据句意，“deliver”这一动作发生在“made it”之前，when 引导的时间状语从句表示过去 发生的动作，故“发表演讲”是发生在“过去的过去”的动作，用过去完成时，故选 A。 【点睛】过去完成时用法解析： 1、表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。 表示的时间是"过去的过去 "常 与 by last year, by the time of yesterday,等连用。如： She said she had seen the film 4 times. 她说她看过这部电影 4 次。 When Mr Li got to the classroom, all the students had begun reading. 当李老师到教室时，所有的学生都开始阅读了。 2、表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。常与 for (后跟段时间) 或 since (后跟点时间)等连用.如： She had worked in this school since it opened 25 years ago. 自从这所学校 25 年前开办以来就一直在那里工作。 8.The student is grateful to his English teacher, without________encouragement he wouldn't have pulled through. A. what B. whose C. whom D. which - 6 - 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这个学生很感激他的英语老师，没有老师的鼓励，他不会康 复。分析句子可知，without________encouragement he wouldn't have pulled through 是 定语从句，先行词是 his English teacher，从句中作定语，修饰 encouragement，故用关系 代词 whose。故选 B。 【点睛】定语从句中 whose 的用法 whose 引导的定语从句是语法重点，要学好 whose 引导的 定语从句的用法，应注意以下六个方面。 一、whose 为 who 的所有格，作“某(些)人的……”解，它所指代的先行词必须是人，其引导 的定语从句修饰它的先行词，同时它本身在从句中作定语。 This is the little girl whose parents were killed in the great earthquake.这 就是在那次大地震中失去双亲的那个小姑娘。 二、whose 也可作 which 的所有格，作“某(些)物的……”解，它所指代的先行词必须是物， 其语法功能同上。 The company whose name was Notco was in Australia.那个名叫诺特可的公司设在澳 大利亚。 三、由于 whose 具有兼作 who 和 which 的所有格的双重功能，故在指人时可用 of whom 代替 whose，指物时可用 of which 代替 whose。 This kind of book is for children whose native language(=the native language of whom)is Chinese.这种书是给母语是汉语的儿童看的。 9.Promoting the ______of energy and carbon footprint reduction is an essential part of building an ecological civilization. A. consumption B. conservation C. constitution D. construction 【答案】B 【解析】 【分析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：提升能源保护和减少碳足迹是建设生态文明的重要组成 部分。A. consumption 消费；B. conservation 保护；避免浪费；C. constitution 建立；组 成；D. construction 建筑；建造。根据下文的 building an ecological civilization 可知， - 7 - 能源保护是生态文化的一部分，故选 B。 10.The artists staged music and dances with Nantong features at the folk festival, winning applause_________. A. at will B. at random C. at intervals D. at odds 【答案】C 【解析】 【分析】 【详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：艺术家们在民间艺术节上表演了南通特色的歌舞，不时 地赢得阵阵掌声。A. at will 任意地；随意地；B. at random 随机的；C. at intervals 间 或；不时；D. at odds 有分歧；不一致。根据句意，表演不时地赢得掌声。故选 C。 11.It was in the Lake District, a tourist attraction in England________they met each other and became fast friends. A. where B. which C. when D. that 【答案】D 【解析】 【分析】 【详解】考查强调句。句意：就是在湖区——英格兰一处旅游胜地——他们遇到了彼此并成 为了朋友。分析句子结构可知，这里并非 England 或 Lake District 作先行词的定语从句， 而是符合 it is/was…that/who 结构的强调句。强调的是介词短语。故选 D 项。 【点睛】强调句与状语从句、定语从句等其他句型是比较容易混淆的，这里有一个重要的区 分方法：区别强调句式与其他句子的关键是看去掉 It is/was … that/who…后是否影响句子 的结构与意义。如果去掉该结构不影响句子的完整性就是强调句。该小题中如果去掉 It was…that 后句子就变为 They met each other and became fast friends in the Lake District （省略插入语），显然结构与意义都是完整的，确实为强调句。 12.Visitors who have booked tickets online can show their ID cards or other_______documents to enter the museum. A. blank B. valid C. lame D. plain 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：在网上订票的游客可以出示身份证或其他有效证件进入博 - 8 - 物馆。A. blank 空白的； B. valid 有效的；C. lame 跛足的；D. plain 朴素的。根据“their ID cards”可知此处表示“有效证件”，故 B 项正确。 13.Under the regulation, restaurants and hotels shall stop offering throwaway items_______customers request them. A. since B. once C. unless D. until 【答案】C 【解析】 【分析】 【详解】考查状语从句的连接词。句意：根据规定，餐馆和酒店应停止提供一次性物品，除 非顾客要求。since 作为连词，表示“自从”，引导时间状语从句，表示“因为”，引导原因 状语从句； once 用作连词，既可以表示“条件”（= if, as long as），也可以表示“时间” （=as soon as）； unless 意为“除非，如果不”，常用来引导条件状语从句；until 作为连 词，意为“直到”引导时间状语从句。分析句子可知，如果顾客不要求的话，根据规定，餐 馆和酒店应停止提供一次性物品。状语从句表示条件，结合选项看，选项 C 符合题意。故选 C 项。 14.The application of AI technologies in health care industry is in an initial stage compared with_______ in automatic driving. A. it B. that C. those D. ones 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查代词。句意：人工智能技术在医疗产业中的应用相较于在自动驾驶领域的应用， 还处在初始阶段。分析句子可知，空白处所指的仍是前句中的 The application of AI technologies，是不可数名词，这时要用 that 来指代已提过的名词以避免重复。故选 B 项。 15.— I will go to the bank to pay for the electricity bill. — _______? Actually, you can use Alipay. A. Why bother B. So what C. Why not D. What for 【答案】A 【解析】 【分析】 【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——我要去银行交电费。——何必麻烦呢？实际上，你可以 - 9 - 使用支付宝。A. Why bother 何苦，何必麻烦；B. So what 那又怎样？C. Why not 为什么不 呢？D. What for 为何？根据语境，空白处应该是认为去银行交电费太麻烦了，且后面给出了 简单的方法，结合选项，故选 A。 第二节 完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 20 分） 请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答 题卡上将该项涂黑。 I moved to a new city and took a job in marketing. I didn't really understand whether it____16____me. I enjoyed doing things that I felt had____17____—I could see their benefit and feel their impact. As the months passed, I felt it just wasn't for me. I needed to find a way out. A job advertisement for a(n)____18____for a new youth magazine came at exactly the right time. I applied and was____19____. My role was to help teams of young people edit their____20____and help them with their work. I had assumed the magazine would be a(n)____21____of games and dull reviews, so I was____22____when one of the first pieces written was about social welfare.____23____, I found something I was interested in. I felt a____24____in me straight away. I had a purpose again. Days were lost to discussing hot topics and_____25_____the words of their strong and opinionated (坚 持己见的) voices._____26_____in their world, I could see myself making a difference to the team's_____27_____ability. As our website_____28_____increased and the work shifted to reflect what our_____29_____wanted, I developed a greater_____30_____of what young people might want to read. The biggest change the job brought, _____31_____,was to my well-being. It is rare you find yourself in a job you love, one that you are happy to_____32_____each day. I was thriving (充实）in this_____33_____environment, inspired by the talented young people I was helping to_____34_____their careers. Now, I realize that there are jobs that will keep you happy,_____35_____and inspired. 16. A. messed with B. applied to C. relied on D. waited for 17. A. purpose B. convenience C. restriction D. - 10 - entertainment 18. A. reporter B. lawyer C. editor D. typist 19. A. independent B. intelligent C. successful D. ambitious 20. A. courses B. references C. software D. content 21. A. replacement B. mixture C. innovation D. symbol 22. A. amused B. embarrassed C. touched D. surprised 23. A. Naturally B. Generally C. Frequently D. Finally 24. A. contrast B. shock C. change D. shame 25. A. reading B. translating C. spelling D. copying 26. A. Trapped B. Hidden C. Invested D. Imagined 27. A. gaming B. marketing C. writing D. communicating 28. A. hits B. pages C. profits D. advertisements 29. A. monitors B. sponsors C. colleagues D. audiences 30. A. distinction B. understanding C. expectation D. recording 31. A. though B. instead C. otherwise D. therefore 32. A. go into B. leave behind C. refer to D. set aside 33. A. troublesome B. creative C. tough D. conservative 34. A. transfer B. rescue C. discipline D. further 35. A. lucky B. popular C. energetic D. honest 【答案】16. B 17. A 18. C 19. C 20. D 21. B 22. D 23. D 24. C 25. A 26. C 27. C 28. A 29. D 30. B 31. A 32. A 33. B 34. D 35. C - 11 - 【解析】 这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者喜欢做有目的性的事情，因此找了一份编辑工作，在这份 工作中，作者得到了快乐和成长。 【16 题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我真的不明白这是否适用于我。A. messed with 搞砸了；B. applied to 适用；C. relied on 依靠；D. waited for 等待。由下文的 I felt it just wasn't for me 可知，作者这时不明白这个销售工作是否适用于自己。故选 B 项。 【17 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我喜欢做我觉得有目的的事情——我能看到它们的好处，感受它 们的影响。A. purpose 目的；B. convenience 方便；C. restriction 限制；D. entertainment 娱乐。由下文的 I had a purpose again 可知，作者做事喜欢有目的。故选 A 项。 【18 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：为一家新青年杂志社招聘编辑的招聘广告来得正是时候。A. reporter 记者；B. lawyer 律师；C. editor 编辑；D. typist 打字员。由下文的 My role was to help teams of young people edit 可知，此处招的是编辑。故选 C 项。 【19 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我申请成功了。A. independent 独立的；B. intelligent 聪明 的；C. successful 成功的；D. ambitious 有志向的。由下文可知，作者在这家杂志社从事 编辑工作，所以作者申请工作成功了。故选 C 项。 【20 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的职责是帮助年轻人编辑他们的内容，并帮助他们完成工作。A. courses 课程；B. references 参考书；C. software 软件；D. content 内容。由上文语境可 知，作者申请杂志编辑的工作，所以职责是帮助年轻人编辑他们的内容，并帮助他们完成工 作。故选 D 项。 【21 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我以为这本杂志是游戏和枯燥评论的混合体。A. replacement 代 替；B. mixture 混合；C. innovation 创新；D. symbol 标志。由下文的 games and dull reviews 可知，作者本以为这本杂志是游戏和枯燥评论的混合体。故选 B 项。 【22 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我以为这本杂志是游戏和枯燥评论的混合体，所以当我第一篇 - 12 - 写的是关于社会福利的文章时，我很惊讶。A. amused 愉快的；B. embarrassed 尴尬的；C. touched 感动的；D. surprised 惊讶的。由上文语境可知，作者本以为这本杂志是游戏和枯 燥评论的混合体，但作者第一篇写的是关于社会福利的文章，所以作者会惊讶。故选 D 项。 【23 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：最后，我找到了我感兴趣的东西。A. Naturally 自然地；B. Generally 一般地；C. Frequently 频繁地；D. Finally 最终地。由全文语境可知，作者一开始找到了 不适合自己的销售工作到最后申请去当编辑做自己喜欢的事，所以，最终，找到了自己感兴 趣的东西。故选 D 项。 【24 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我立刻感觉到了自己的变化。A. contrast 对比；B. shock 震惊； C. change 改变；D. shame 耻辱。由下文的 The biggest change the job brought 可知，此 处指作者感到了一种变化。故选 C 项。 【25 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：几天的时间都浪费在讨论热门话题和阅读他们强烈而固执己见话 语的声音上了。A. reading 阅读；B. translating 翻译；C. spelling 拼写；D. copying 复 制。由上文语境可知，作者是一位编辑，所以要阅读强烈而固执己见的话语。故选 A 项。 【26 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：投入在他们的世界里，我可以看到自己对团队的写作能力产生了 影响。A. Trapped 困住；B. Hidden 躲藏；C. Invested 投入；D. Imagined 想象。由下文语 境可知，作者发现自己对团队的写作能力产生了影响，说明作者投入了年轻人的世界，认真 地阅读他们强烈而固执己见的话语，所以对写作能力有影响。故选 C 项。 【27 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：投入在他们的世界里，我可以看到自己对团队的写作能力产生了 影响。A. gaming 打赌、赌输；B. marketing 推销；C. writing 写作；D. communicating 交 流。由上文语境可知，作者是一位编辑，作者认真地阅读他们强烈而固执己见的话语，所以 对写作能力有影响。故选 C 项。 【28 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着我们网站点击率的增加，工作转变为反映我们的读者想要什 么。A. hits 点击；B. pages 页码；C. profits 利益；D. advertisements 广告。由上文的 website 可知，此处指网站点击率。故选 A 项。 - 13 - 【29 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着我们网站点击率的增加，工作转变为反映我们的读者想要什 么。A. monitors 监控器；B. sponsors 赞助者；C. colleagues 同事；D. audiences 读者、 观众。由上文语境可知，作者是一位编辑，他的工作对象应该是读者。故选 D 项。 【30 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我对年轻人可能想要阅读有了更深入的了解。A. distinction 区 别；B. understanding 理解；C. expectation 期望；D. recording 记录。由上文语境可知， 作者的工作反映他们的读者想要什么，说明作者对年轻人可能想要阅读有了更深入的了解。 故选 B 项。 【31 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：不过，这份工作给我带来的最大变化是我的幸福。A. though 不过； B. instead 代替；C. otherwise 否则；D. therefore 因此。由全文语境可知，此处指“不过”， 应用 though，符合语境。故选 A 项。 【32 题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：很少有人能找到自己喜欢且每天都乐于从事的工作。A. go into 从事；B. leave behind 留下；C. refer to 提及；D. set aside 搁置。由上文的 a job you love 可知，此处指喜欢且每天都乐于从事的工作。故选 A 项。 【33 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我在这个充满创造力的环境中茁壮成长。A. troublesome 麻烦 的；B. creative 创造力的；C. tough 艰难的；D. conservative 保守的。由上下文语境可知， 作者为年轻人工作，写作能力得到了提升，被他们激励/赋予灵感，说明这是一个具有创造力 的环境。故选 B 项。 【34 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：受到我帮助他们进一步发展事业的有才华的年轻人所激励。A. transfer 转移；B. rescue 拯救；C. discipline 惩罚；D. further 促进、发展。由上文的 My role was to help teams of young people edit their__5__and help them with their work 可知，作者帮助年轻人进一步发展事业。故选 D 项。 【35 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在，我意识到有些工作会让你快乐，充满活力和灵感。A. lucky 幸运的；B. popular 受欢迎的；C. energetic 充满活力的；D. honest 诚实的。由 happy 和 - 14 - inspired 可知，此处 energetic 最符合语境。故选 C 项。 第三部分阅读理解（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分） 请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答 题卡上将该项涂黑。 A To Machu Picchu and Cusco, searching for the lost Inca (印加人）city Climb its towering staircases to a ceremonial temple set in the mountain face. These ruins mark the start of the 4-day Inca Trail to Machu Picchu, one of the world's most rewarding hikes. A quicker way to reach the remote Inca city is catching the train to the riverside town of Aguas and then jumping on a bus into the misty mountains. Once the clouds rise from the mountain ridge above the Sacred Valley, the true splendor of Machu Picchu is finally revealed. It's a humbling experience to stand at an altitude of nearly 8,000 feet, and gaze down at the Inca city below. Overlooking the glorious ruins, it's easy to imagine the prosperity (紧荣) this peak must have been almost 600 years ago. It's one of the world's greatest mysteries what became of the Incas who inhabited Machu Picchu.What was once major defense works in the largest empire on Earth was slowly swallowed by the jungle, only to be uncovered a century ago. The Inca dynasty has come and gone, but Incan families still survive in the highlands. These modern-day Children of the Sun still speak Quechua and continue to live off the land, although many come to Cusco to sell their crops and woolen textiles. After dusk, when the story of the Incas becomes a whisper in the night, Cusco is covered under a starry blanket. A landscape so gorgeous that it deserves to be preserved - 15 - for ever. 36. The attraction of Machu Picchu lies in_____. A. its towering staircases B. its changeable weather C. its natural scenery and culture D. its wilderness and inaccessibility 37. We can learn from the passage that_______ A. the Incas like to stay up chatting B. Machu Picchu is a military base C. the Quechua language is lost to the world D. what happened to the Incas remains unknown 【答案】36. C 37. D 【解析】 这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了马丘比丘和库斯科两处位于秘鲁的世界知名遗址，人们可以在 这里探寻印加古城的遗迹。 【36 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段 Once the clouds rise from the mountain ridge above the Sacred Valley, the true splendor of Machu Picchu is finally revealed. It's a humbling experience to stand at an altitude of nearly 8,000 feet, and gaze down at the Inca city below. Overlooking the glorious ruins, it's easy to imagine the prosperity (紧 荣) this peak must have been almost 600 years ago.（当乌云从神圣山谷上方的山脊升 起时，马丘比丘真正的壮丽终于显露出来了。站在近 8000 英尺的高空俯视印加城是一种令人 谦卑的体验。俯瞰着辉煌的废墟，很容易想象 600 年前的繁荣景象。）由此推断出，马丘比丘 的魅力在于它的自然风光和文化。故选 C 项。 【37 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“It's one of the world's greatest mysteries what became of the Incas who inhabited Machu Picchu.”可知，居住在马丘比丘的印加人后来怎么样 了，一直是世界一大未解之谜。故选 D 项。 - 16 - B In their book, Nine Lies About Work, Buckingham and Goodall make a surprising claim: they argue that giving people feedback (反馈)－in the sense of telling them what you think they're doing right or wrong, and how to do it better-is never worthwhile. This runs counter to a current corporate trend for "radical candour", for example at Netflix where, according to recent reports, employees' failings are cruelly "sunshined" in front of others. When someone is fired, hundreds of their former colleagues might receive an email, cataloguing their flaws (缺陷). But it also contradicts an assumption most of us bring to our lives as parents and friends-that it's helpful, at least sometimes, and providing you do it nicely, to explain to people where they're making mistakes. Buckingham and Goodall don't just claim you should keep that knowledge to yourself: they claim that you don't possess it, and that, in fact, you probably don't know how a failing employee could most effectively change. It's an old cliche (陈词滥调) of marital advice that you should use "I-statements"rather than" you-statements", telling the other person how their behaviour makes you feel, rather than attacking them for being selfish and incompetent. The standard theory is that you-statements cause people to respond defensively. But another is that you're a terrible judge of whether someone is selfish or incompetent. As Buckingham writes: "The only area in which humans are an unimpeachable (无懈可击的) source of truth is that of their own feelings and experiences." Plenty of research shows we're particularly bad at rating people against abstract criteria, which means one common feature of workplace performance reviews- assessing whether an employee is, say, a strategic thinker or team player-is essentially pointless.We should replace this sort of judgment with "reactions". Don't tell others what you think of their skills, or how good you think they are; instead, focus on describing your experience of their work. You're no good at judging how someone else should change their approach to delivering presentations. But you're the authority on whether a given presentation was persuasive or boring to you. And positive reactions, they show, work better than negative ones: we excel "when - 17 - people who know us and care about us tell us what they experience and what they feel, and in particular when they see something within us that really works". There's a deep point here- that the best kind of praise focuses on how someone made you feel, not on evaluating their talent. Praise them for inspiring you, persuading you, or helping you grasp a complex issue. You really are the only objective judge of that. 38. The underlined word"it"in Paragraph 1 refers to"_______”. A. giving people feedback B. cataloguing colleagues' flaws C. contradicting parents’ assumption D. keeping that knowledge to yourself 39. Feedback is never worthwhile in that_________. A. people tend to defend it B. it is based on theory and truth C. it is subjective and lacks uniqueness D. people will effectively change themselves 40. Which of the following is the most appropriate to comment on others? A. "You have done a good job in the mid-term exams." B. "I am inspired by the creative ideas in your presentation. C. "You just think of yourself,but never care about others." D. "I'm sorry to say you have failed to meet my expectations." 【答案】38. A 39. C 40. B 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。Buckingham 和 Goodall 在他们的书 Nine Lies About Work 中提出：从告诉 他们你认为他们做的是对是错的意义上讲，人们的反馈是没有价值的。这与当前“激进坦率” 的共同趋势背道而驰。 【38 题详解】 词义猜测题。根据下划线单词后的 to explain to people where they're making mistakes 可知，向人们解释他们在哪里犯错。因此 it 指代的是向人们解释他们在哪里犯错；根据第一 段 they argue that giving people feedback (反馈)－in the sense of telling them what you think they're doing right or wrong, and how to do it better-is never worthwhile. - 18 - 可知，他们认为，从告诉他们你认为他们做的是对是错的意义上讲，人们的反馈是没有价值 的。因此，向人们解释他们在哪里犯错是在做反馈。所以，it 指代的是给人们反馈。故选 A。 【39 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段 Buckingham and Goodall don't just claim you should keep that knowledge to yourself: they claim that you don't possess it, and that, in fact, you probably don't know how a failing employee could most effectively change.可知， Buckingham 和 Goodall 不是只认为你应该对这些内容保密，他们认为你并不拥有这些内容。 事实上，你可能不知道一个失败的员工如何才能最有效地改变。由此可知，他们认为反馈是 主观的，只是说话者自己的观点；根据第三段 Plenty of research shows we're particularly bad at rating people against abstract criteria, which means one common feature of workplace performance reviews- assessing whether an employee is, say, a strategic thinker or team player-is essentially pointless 可知，大量研究显示，我们特别不擅长 用抽象的标准来评价人，这就意味着，本质上，评估员工是否是战略思考者或团队成员，这 样的具有共性的工作场所绩效评估都有是毫无意义的。由此由此可知，反馈是相同的，缺乏 独特性。所以，反馈没有价值是因为它是主观的，缺乏独特性。故选 C。 【40 题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段 There's a deep point here- that the best kind of praise focuses on how someone made you feel, not on evaluating their talent. Praise them for inspiring you, persuading you, or helping you grasp a complex issue.可知，有一个很重要的点： 最好的赞美专注于某人给你的感觉上，而不是评价他们的才能。赞扬他们鼓舞你，说服你， 或帮助你理解了一个复杂的问题。因此，B 选项“你演讲中的创意给了我灵感。”是对别人最 合适的评论。故选 B。 C Birds use vocalizations to attract mates, defend territories, and recognize fellow members of their species. But while we know a lot about how variations in vocalizations play out between populations of songbirds, it's far less clear how this variation affects birds such as penguins in which calls are inherited (遗传). A new study from The Auk: Ornithological Advances examines differences in the calls of Little Penguins from four colonies in Australia-night-time birds for whom vocalizations are more important than visual signals-and finds that differences in - 19 - habitat, rather than geographic isolation (隔离) or other factors, seem to be the key driver of variation in the sounds these birds use to communicate. Diane Colombelli-Negrel and Rachel Smale of Australia's Flinders University recorded calls from four Little Penguin populations across a small area of South Australia, one of which had previously been shown to have slight genetic differences from the other three, and used playback experiments to test penguins ability to distinguish between calls from different colonies.They found that agonistic calls, which are used in pair displays and aggressive situations, varied among the four populations, and that the calls' characteristics appeared to depend on small-scale differences in the habitat where the penguins lived. However, birds did not discriminate between calls originating from different colonies, which suggests that agonistic calls don't seem to play a role in isolating the two different genetic groups. Penguins living in open habitats produced lower-frequency calls than those living in habitats with thicker vegetation-the opposite of the trend typically observed in songbirds. The authors think that agonistic calls may be subject to different selective pressures because they're used in close encounters with other birds rather than to communicate across distances, and could also be influenced by variation in the noise level of wind and surf. “I was excited to find that in seabirds, as most of our knowledge in this area comes from studies on songbirds," says Colombelli-Negrel. "This new research suggests that many factors influence call variation in birds, which also depends on the function - 20 - of the calls. This study highlights that many questions remain and that studies need to investigate more than one factor in conjunction with the function of the calls to fully understand call variation in seabirds.” “This work tells an interesting story of vocal diversification in Little Penguins, and gives insight into how individual and micro-scale variation effects behavior," according to Stony Brook University's Heather Lynch, an expert on penguin calls who was not involved in the study. "Non-vocal-learning birds are relatively understudied in terms of vocalizations, and it is great to see penguin vocalizations being studied in such a way." 41. What does the new study find? A. Penguins are born with their calls. B. Penguins communicate by various calls. C. Penguins' calls are influenced by their habitat. D. Penguins' calls can help isolate genetic groups. 42. What are the findings based on? A. The test of penguins' responses to recorded calls. B. The data collected from penguins across Australia. C. Controlled experiments on penguins and songbirds. D. Similarities between the calls of penguins and songbirds. 43. From the passage we can learn that . A. open-space songbirds tend to lower their calls B. environmental noises may affect penguins' calls C. birds use agonistic calls in distant communication D. songbirds' agonistic calls vary little between species 44. We can infer from Colombelli-Negrel's words that researchers . A. will keep track of penguins to preserve them B. have investigated a lot in penguins' calls before C. will have a broader look at differences in penguins' calls D. have determined the function of various calls in penguins 【答案】41. C 42. A 43. B 44. C - 21 - 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。讲述了一项关于企鹅的新的研究：企鹅叫声的差异源自其栖息地的不同， 而不是地理隔离或其他因素，同时说明了这个研究中仍然还有问题存在。 【41 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段 A new study from The Auk: Ornithological Advances examines differences in the calls of Little Penguins from four colonies in Australia-night-time birds for whom vocalizations are more important than visual signals-and finds that differences in habitat, rather than geographic isolation (隔离) or other factors, seem to be the key driver of variation in the sounds these birds use to communicate. 一项新的研究：澳大利亚鸟类学发展中心研究了来自澳大利亚四个殖民地的小企鹅叫声的差 异——对于这些夜间鸟类来说，发声比视觉信号更重要——发现差异在于栖息地，而不是地 理隔离或其他因素，似乎是这些鸟类用来交流的声音变化的关键驱动力。可以得出企鹅的叫 声受到它们栖息地的影响，选项 C 符合题意。故选 C 项。 【42 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段 Diane Colombelli-Negrel and Rachel Smale of Australia's Flinders University recorded calls from four Little Penguin populations across a small area of South Australia, one of which had previously been shown to have slight genetic differences from the other three, and used playback experiments to test penguins ability to distinguish between calls from different colonies.来自澳大利亚福林德斯 大学的 Diane Colombelli-Negrel 和 Rachel Smale 记录了来自南澳大利亚一个小区域的四 个小企鹅种群的叫声，其中一个种群与其他三个种群有轻微的基因差异，并通过回放实验测 试企鹅区分来自不同群体的叫声的能力。 可以得出，为了证明研究结论，研究人员是通过检 测企鹅对录制的声音进行测试的。所以选项 A 符合题意。故选 A 项。 【43 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段 Penguins living in open habitats produced lower-frequency calls than those living in habitats with thicker vegetation-the opposite of the trend typically observed in songbirds. The authors think that agonistic calls may be subject to different selective pressures because they're used in close encounters with other birds rather than to communicate across distances, and could also be influenced by variation in the noise level of wind and surf.生活在开放栖息地的企鹅比生活在植被 - 22 - 较厚的栖息地的企鹅发出的叫声频率更低，这与通常在鸣鸟身上观察到的趋势相反。作者认 为，竞争性叫声可能受到不同的选择压力，因为它们用于与其他鸟类的近距离接触，而不是 跨越距离进行交流，还可能受到风浪噪音水平变化的影响。可以看出，不同栖息地企鹅的叫 声频率不一样，可能受到风浪噪音水平变化的影响。因而，环境因素对企鹅的声音会有一定 的影响。选项 B 符合题意。故选 B 项。 【44 题详解】 推理判断题。由文章第四段 “I was excited to find that in seabirds, as most of our knowledge in this area comes from studies on songbirds," says Colombelli-Negrel. "This new research suggests that many factors influence call variation in birds, which also depends on the function of the calls. This study highlights that many questions remain and that studies need to investigate more than one factor in conjunction with the function of the calls to fully understand call variation in seabirds. Colombelli-Negrel 说：“我很兴奋地发现，在海鸟身上，我们在这一领域的大部分知识来自 于对鸣禽的研究。 这项新的研究表明，许多因素影响鸟类的叫声变化，这也取决于叫声的功 能。 这项研究强调了许多问题仍然存在，研究需要调查一个以上的因素，结合呼叫的功能， 以充分了解海鸟的呼叫变化。”由此可以看出，研究人员将对企鹅叫声的差异进行更广泛的 研究，选项 C 符合题意。故选 C 项。 D I'm Dina Asher-Smith. Growing in Orpington, southeast London, I love being the hunter. The one in pursuit. In training, I'll latch on to the boys and chase them down. Even when I was younger, I tended to race girls who were older than me-at 17 I was racing 30-year-olds. It's where I'm comfortable. But the hunter can go on to become the hunted. And this year at the World Athletics Championships in Doha, Qatar, I won gold in the 200m. At 23, I became the first British woman to win a world championship sprinting (短跑) title.The morning after the race, I was in the media tent and was told that I'd been mentioned in the Parliament. Track and field is a mental game.You're in your own little world, competing to be the person who can run the fastest in a straight line. My job is to take my body to a place where I think it can't do any more and then keep going. To do that, I need to know my strengths and weaknesses. People get caught up in embarrassment or shame - 23 - when they're not good at something, but I just don't have that in me. I do have a voice in my head that tells me if I'm not good at things, but it doesn't make me feel negative about myself. I use it to identify where I can improve and then I just keep going to training every day. I've inherited personality traits from my parents that help me in my career. My mum is excitable and when I'm on the track, I have her fire-wanting to go for everything. I always know when I finish a race that I can turn around and find her in the front row, jumping up and down. My dad is more reserved. He has a cool exterior and that's useful for me when I need calmness. I know to look for him a few rows behind my mum. They gave me opportunities to try whatever I was interested in. When I wanted to try golf, my dad bought me cut-down clubs and had me attempting to putt balls (推球入 洞）in the back garden. My mum used to play hockey with me outside the house. They took me to so many clubs and classes. I started training with my coach, John Blackie, in my mid-teens. We met when I was eight as he ran the kids academy at my running club. Along with my parents, the three of them always emphasized that they just wanted me to be happy. They never pushed me too early. And, as I've got older, I've realized that's unique.When running became serious, I knew that if it all stopped being fun for me, I could stop doing it. They put Dina the person before Dina the runner. Yes, the public might be disappointed and the newspapers might have a pop (抨击), but my parents and friends are still going to love me, and my coach is still going to be there. That knowledge allows me to stay relaxed under pressure. Being as prepared as I can be is crucial as it keeps me calm and able to deliver in the moment.When I was studying history at university, I'd choose exams over coursework because I knew I could put the work in and perform under pressure. I was studying heavy things every day, like people facing prejudice because of their skin,or women sacrificing their lives for others to have the right to vote. It made me realize how lucky I am that the thing that gets me most frustrated is somebody beating me on the track.While, yes, I make sacrifices-some easy, such as not drinking and going out, and some harder, like restricting the food that I eat-ultimately, what I do is - 24 - entertainment. Everyone's asking me about Tokyo Olympics, but I'm more focused on today. It's important for me to keep my hopes and dreams separate from other people's. I'm grateful everybody wants me to do well, but my next step has to be for me, not anyone else. 45. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A. Asher-Smith is the victim of the sprinting world. B. Asher-Smith becomes the focus of media coverage. C. Asher-Smith now runs faster than those she chased. D. Asher-Smith is no match for older racers in competitions. 46. How does Asher-Smith deal with her weakness? A. She keeps reminding herself of it. B. She keeps training to overcome it. C. She chooses to ignore it completely. D. She often gets caught in a dilemma. 47. In Asher-Smith's growth, her parents . A. changed their personalities B. coached her in various sports C. strengthened their family status D. helped her explore her interests 48. The underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 indicates that Asher-Smith's parents and coach . A. prioritize her personal well-being B. justify her failure to continue running C. put her interests above the other runners D. shelter her from the criticism of the media 49. What impact does her university life have on her? A. It makes her lead a cosy life today. B. It allows her to face prejudice bravely. C. It enables her to be better prepared as an athlete. - 25 - D. It inspires her to fight for women' s human rights. 50. What does the passage mainly talk about? A. What it takes to be a gold medal sprinter. B. Why it is hard to rise to fame in sprinting. C. Who one can turn to in pursuit of the dream. D. How parents discipline a sprinting champion. 【答案】45. C 46. B 47. D 48. A 49. C 50. A 【解析】 这是一篇记叙文。文章作为英国田径代表队成员 Dina Asher-Smith 的内心独白，讲述了她的 成长历程、心态、父母和教练、当下的规划等等。 【45 题详解】 词义猜测题。根据划线句后一句“And this year at the World Athletics Championships in Doha, Qatar, I won gold in the 200m. At 23, I became the first British woman to win a world championship sprinting (短跑) title.”可知，作者之前用打猎比喻，表明在训 练中喜欢和男孩子们竞争，同时要和年龄大过她的女运动员竞争，而后面则指明了自己目前 获得的成就，已经是世锦赛的短跑冠军了，显然，划线句“但猎人有一天也会成为猎物”就 指她自己通过努力，追上了那些曾经比自己强的选手。故选 C 项。 【46 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“I do have a voice in my head that tells me if I'm not good at things, but it doesn't make me feel negative about myself. I use it to identify where I can improve and then I just keep going to training every day.” 可知，作者不会为自己有缺点而感到难为情或气馁，而是通过认清自己的弱点，加以锻炼、 改进，从而将其克服。故选 B 项。 【47 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“They gave me opportunities to try whatever I was interested in.”可知，作者的父母会给予她一切机会让她尝试任何感兴趣的东西，与 D 选项“帮助她探 索兴趣”含义一致。故选 D 项。 【48 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段第三、四句“Along with my parents, the three of them always emphasized that they just wanted me to be happy. They never pushed me too early.” - 26 - 可知，作者的教练和父母始终向作者强调希望她能快乐，结合划线句“他们把 Dina 看作一个 跑步者之前首先看作一个人”，也就是尊重她、爱护她，以她个人的幸福为先。由此判断出 划线句的词表明阿瑟-史密斯的父母和教练把她的个人幸福放在首位。故选 A 项。 【49 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“Being as prepared as I can be is crucial as it keeps me calm and able to deliver in the moment.”可知，校园生活让作者能够冷静下来，专 注于此时此刻，这让她能为自己的运动员身份做好准备。故选 C 项。 【50 题详解】 主旨大意题。文章以金牌短跑运动员 Dina Asher-Smith 的口吻，讲述了她的成长历程、心态、 父母和教练、学校生活等，而这些无疑都是使得她能获得今天辉煌成就的原因，A 选项“成为 金牌短跑运动员需要什么”符合文章主旨。故选 A 项。 第四部分 任务型阅读（共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分） 请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注 意：每个空格只填 1 个单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。 In the course of researching my book, I asked people on five continents, “Who listens to you?” and the response was usually a long, awkward pause. Even those who were married and claimed vast networks of friends struggled to come up with someone who they felt truly listened to them. It's fueling what public health officials are calling a worldwide epidemic of loneliness, which increases the risk of dying young. Indeed, studies link loneliness with heart disease, stroke, dementia and poor immune function. To fight loneliness people are told to “Get out there! Join a club, take up a sport, volunteer, or invite people to dinner.” How do you connect with people once you're “out there” and “face-to-face”? Truly listening to someone is a skill many seem to have forgotten or perhaps never learned in the first place. Listening goes beyond hearing what people say. It's also paying attention to how they say it and what they do while they are saying it, in what context, and how what they say resonates within you. Listening is not about simply holding your peace while someone else holds forth. Quite the opposite. A lot of listening has to do with how you respond-the degree to - 27 - which you elicit clear expression of another 's thoughts and, in the process, express your own clearly. It starts with an openness and willingness to follow another person's story without presumption or getting sidetracked by what's going on in your own head. Good listeners ask good questions. Everyone is interesting if you ask the right questions. If someone seems dull or uninteresting, it's on you. Good questions don't have a hidden agenda of fixing, saving, advising, convincing or correcting. They don't begin with “Don't you think?”or “Wouldn't you agree…?” and they definitely don't end with "Right?" The idea is to find out more about the speaker's point of view, not to influence it. Also avoid asking appraising questions like “What do you do for a living?” and “What part of town do you live in?” and “Are you married?” These are not honest attempts to get to know people so much as rank them in the social hierarchy. It makes people strongly defensive and is likely to reduce the conversation to a CV recitation. Instead, ask expansive questions such as, “What's the best gift you ever received?” and “If you could live anywhere in the world, where would you live?” Listening to people in this way is also essential to reaching compromise. You might not agree with them, but you gain understanding about their background and influences. Listening is a skill and, like any skill, it degrades if you don't do it enough. The more people you listen to, the more aspects of humanity you will recognize and the better your judgments. To listen poorly, selectively, or not at all, will stop you from having a better understanding of the world. Passage outline Supporting details Introduction ◇People today find it hard to have a true___51___. ◇ It can increase loneliness,which probably causes an___52___death. ◇People are advised to be actively___53___in various social activities and truly listen to each other. - 28 - How to listen ◇___54___on the speaker as well as what is being said. ◇Follow another person's story___55___without presumption and distraction. ◇Ask good questions meant to___56___the speaker's point of view. ◇Avoid asking appraising questions that will make people quite___57___to have an open and deep conversation. ◇Listen to people by asking expansive questions to___58___gaps and find common ground. Summary ◇Listening is a skill that needs constant___59___ ◇Good listening will improve our judgments,while poor listening will _____60_____ our understanding of the world. 【答案】51. listener 52. earlier/ early 53. involved/ engaged 54. Concentrate/ Focus 55. truly/ openly/ willingly 56. explore 57. reluctant/ unwilling/ defensive 58. bridge/ narrow 59. practice 60. limit/ restrict 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了倾听的重要性。今天的人们发现很难找到一个真正的倾听 者，这是对健康有害的，同时建议人们多参加各种各样的社交活动真正地倾听彼此。文章还 说明了如何去倾听，告诉我们倾听是一种需要不断练习的技能，好的听力会提高我们的判断 能力，而不好的听力会限制我们对世界的理解。 【51 题详解】 - 29 - 考查名词。根据第一段中 Even those who were married and claimed vast networks of friends struggled to come up with someone who they felt truly listened to them.可知即使是 那些已婚且自称有大量朋友的人，也很难找到一个真正倾听他们心声的人。由此可知，今天 的人们发现很难找到一个真正的倾听者。根据上文 a true 可知应填单数名词 listener，表示 “倾听者”。故填 listener。 【52 题详解】 考查形容词或比较级。根据第二段中 It's fuelling what public health officials are calling a worldwide epidemic of loneliness, which increases the risk of dying young. 可知这加剧了公共卫生官员所说的全球范围内的孤独流行病，增加了英年早逝的风险。由此 可知，找不到真正的倾听者会增加孤独感，可能会导致过早死亡。表示“早期死亡”或“过 早死亡”短语为 an earlier/early death。故填 earlier/ early。 【53 题详解】 考查动词语态。根据第三段中 To fight loneliness people are told to “Get out there! Join a club, take up a sport, volunteer, or invite people to dinner.”可知为了战 胜孤独，人们被告知“走出去!加入一个俱乐部，参加一项运动，做志愿者，或者邀请别人吃 饭。”由此可知，建议人们积极参与各种社会活动，真正倾听彼此。此处作谓语且表示“参 与”短语为 be involved/engaged in。故填 involved/ engaged。 【54 题详解】 考查动词。根据第四段 Listening goes beyond hearing what people say. It's also paying attention to how they say it and what they do while they are saying it, in what context, and how what they say resonates within you.可知倾听不仅仅是听别人说什么。也要注意 他们说话的方式，说话时他们做了什么，在什么语境下，以及他们的话如何在你心中产生共 鸣。由此可知，注意力要集中在说话人身上，也要集中在说话的内容上。表示“集中于”短 语为 concentrate/focus on，且此处为祈使句句首动词用原形，要大写。故填 Concentrate/ Focus。 【55 题详解】 考查副词。根据第五段中 It starts with an openness and willingness to follow another person's story without presumption or getting sidetracked by what's going on in your own head.可知它以一种开放的心态和意愿开始，不做任何推测，也不被自己的想法所左右。 由此可知，要真实地/开放地/欣然地跟随别人的故事，不做任何假设，也不分散注意力。此 - 30 - 处修饰动词 Follow 应用副词，且表示“真实地”，“开放地”，“欣然地”副词为 truly/ openly/ willingly。故填 truly/ openly/ willingly。 【56 题详解】 考查动词。根据倒数第四段中 The idea is to find out more about the speaker's point of view, not to influence it.可知这样做是为了更多地了解演讲者的观点，而不是去影响它。 由此可知，问一些好的问题意味着探索说话者的观点。表示“探索”动词为 explore，且根据 上文 mean to do sth.可知应填动词原形。故填 explore。 【57 题详解】 考查形容词。根据倒数第三段中 It makes people strongly defensive and is likely to reduce the conversation to a CV recitation.可知它会使人们产生强烈的防御心理，并有可能将 谈话简化为背诵简历。由此可知，避免问评估性的问题，这会让人们不愿意进行开放和深入 的谈话或产生防御心理。根据上文 make people quite 可知此处应填形容词作宾语补足语， 且 表 示 “ 不 情 愿 的 ”“ 防 御 的 ” 形 容 词 为 reluctant/ unwilling/ defensive 。 故 填 reluctant/ unwilling/ defensive。 【58 题详解】 考查动词。根据倒数第二段中 Listening to people in this way is also essential to reaching compromise. You might not agree with them, but you gain understanding about their background and influences.可知以这种方式倾听他人也是达成妥协的必要条件。你 可能不同意他们的观点，但你可以了解他们的背景和影响。由此可知，通过问一些具有拓展 性的问题可以缩小差距，拉近彼此之间的距离，并找到共同点。表示“缩小差距”短语为 bridge/ narrow gaps 根据上文 Listen to people by asking expansive questions to 可知 此处为不定式作目的状语，故填动词原形。故填 bridge/ narrow。 【59 题详解】 考查名词。根据最后一段中 Listening is a skill and, like any skill, it degrades if you don't do it enough.可知倾听是一种技能，就像其他技能一样，如果你做得不够，它就会退 化。由此可知，倾听是一种需要不断练习的技能。结合上文 constant 为形容词修饰名词，可 知应填不可数名词 practice。故填 practice。 【60 题详解】 考查动词。根据最后一段中 The more people you listen to, the more aspects of humanity you will recognize and the better your judgments. To listen poorly, selectively, or - 31 - not at all, will stop you from having a better understanding of the world.可知你 听的人越多，你就会认识到人性的更多方面，你的判断就会越好。不听，有选择地听，或者 根本不听，都将阻碍你更好地理解这个世界。由此可知，好的倾听会提高我们的判断能力， 而糟糕的倾听会限制我们对世界的理解。此处作谓语表示“限制”应用动词 limit/restrict， 根据上文 will 可知为一般将来时，故填动词原形。故填 limit/ restrict。 第五部分 书面表达（满分 25 分） 61.请阅读下面文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇 150 词左右的文章。 Li Jiang: Have you heard this? Our school will set up a selective course, teaching students basic techniques for making a kite. Su Hua:Yes, I have.The course is meant to inherit (传承) the kite-making craft. Li Jiang: It's really exciting. I've always been interested in making kites. I want to enroll（报名）in the course. Su Hua: I want to attend kite-making classes too. But I'm afraid the craft is too difficult for me. Li Jiang: Don't worry about it.We can learn together. Su Hua: There is another problem. My parents won't permit me to take part in such activities.They want me to spend more time on my subjects. Li Jiang: By making kites we can be innovative, which is good for our study. I think they will support you. Su Hua:Yes, that's right. I'll think about it. 【写作内容】 1.用约 30 个词概括上述信息的主要内容； 2.如果你是该校学生，你会报名参加风筝制作课程吗？请说明理由（不少于两点）。 【写作要求】 1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句； 2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称； 3.不必写标题。 - 32 - 【评分标准】 内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。 ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________ 【答案】Li Jiang and Su Hua are discussing the kite-making course to be opened in their school. Li is eager to attend it while Su is hesitant, worrying about his parents’ objection. I would be happy to sign up for the kite-making course if I were a student in the school. Making kites will enable us students to have a better understanding of its history, super craftsmanship and some special local culture, which helps to promote feelings of national identity. Besides, by making kites, we can cultivate innovation and acquire a lot of knowledge, ranging from structural designs to geometry. What’s more, considered as an artistic and group activity, not only can kite making enhance our ability of aesthetics appreciation, but also it can improve our skills for teamwork and collaboration. So with such a good platform to be provided for us, I definitely won’t miss out on this tremendous opportunity. 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇读写任务写作。 【详解】第 1 步：根据提示可知，写作内容：1.用约 30 个词概括上述信息的主要内容；2.如 果你是该校学生，你会报名参加风筝制作课程吗？请说明理由（不少于两点）。 第 2 步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组）：be eager to(渴望)；worry about (担心)；objection (反对)；sign up for (报名参加)；enable sb. to do sth.(使某人能够做某事)；cultivate innovation(培养创新)等。 第 3 步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。此处文章主要 - 33 - 应用一般现在时。 第 4 步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰， 保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。 【点睛】范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表 达方式，如 I would be happy to sign up for the kite-making course if I were a student in the school.运用虚拟语气；What’s more, considered as an artistic and group activity, not only can kite making enhance our ability of aesthetics appreciation, but also it can improve our skills for teamwork and collaboration.运用倒装句从句。全文中没 有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下 句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。 - 34 -