2021届高考英语人教版一轮总复习练习：写作突破 第七讲　应用文写作 Word版含解析 18页

www.ks5u.com 第七讲　应用文写作 新高考的写作题型共有三种，其中应用文写作是必考题型。该题型考查的是考生在实际生活情境下运用英语传达信息、表达观点的能力。在高考中，应用文写作题型固定为第四部分写作的第一节，该题型分值15分，建议用时15分钟左右。应用文写作要求考生根据所给情景，写一篇80词左右的短文。情景包括目的、对象、时间、地点、内容等。应用文写作的命题形式主要有提纲式、图表式、图画式等。应用文写作的主要表达形式包括书信、电子邮件、日记、发言稿、书面或口头通知、网络发帖等。‎ ‎1．本题总分为15分，按5个档次给分。‎ ‎2．评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量、确定或调整档次，最后给分。‎ ‎3．词数少于60和多于100的，从总分中减去2分。‎ ‎4．评分时，应注意的方面为：内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的丰富性和准确性及上下文的连贯性。‎ ‎5．拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面，评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。‎ ‎6．如书写较差，以至影响交际，将分数降低一个档次。‎ 新高考应用文写作各档次的给分范围和要求如下：‎ 第五档(13～15分)‎ ‎1．内容要点的全面性：覆盖所有内容要点。‎ ‎2．语法结构与词汇的丰富性：应用了较多的语法结构和词汇。‎ ‎3．语法结构与词汇的准确性：语法结构和词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致；具备较强的语言运用能力。‎ ‎4．上下文的连贯性：有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。‎ 第四档(10～12分)‎ ‎1．内容要点的全面性：虽漏掉一两个次重点，但覆盖所有主要内容。‎ ‎2．语法结构与词汇的丰富性：应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求。‎ ‎3．语法结构与词汇的准确性：语法结构或词汇方面应用基本准确，些许错误主要是因尝试较复杂语法结构或词汇所致。‎ ‎4．上下文的连贯性：应用简单的语句间连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。‎ 第三档(7～9分)‎ ‎1．内容要点的全面性：虽漏掉一些内容，但覆盖所有主要内容。‎ ‎2．语法结构与词汇的丰富性：应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求。‎ ‎3．语法结构与词汇的准确性：有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误，但不影响理解。‎ ‎4．上下文的连贯性：应用简单的语句间连接成分，使全文内容连贯。‎ 第二档(4～6分)‎ ‎1‎ ‎．内容要点的全面性：漏掉或未描述清楚一些主要内容，写了一些无关内容。‎ ‎2．语法结构与词汇的丰富性：语法结构单调，词汇项目有限。‎ ‎3．语法结构与词汇的准确性：有—些语法结构或词汇方面的错误，影响了对写作内容的理解。‎ ‎4．上下文的连贯性：较少使用语句间的连接成分，内容缺少连贯性。‎ 第一档(1～3分)‎ ‎1．内容要点的全面性：明显遗漏主要内容，写了一些无关内容，原因可能是未理解试题要求。‎ ‎2．语法结构与词汇的丰富性：语法结构单调，词汇项目有限。‎ ‎3．语法结构与词汇的准确性：较多语法结构或词汇方面的错误，影响对写作内容的理解。‎ ‎4．上下文的连贯性：缺乏语句间的连接成分，内容不连贯。‎ ‎0分 未能传达给读者任何信息：内容太少，无法评判；写的内容均与所要求内容无关或所写内容无法看清。‎ 要写好一篇作文，方法很重要。由这个评分标准可知，考生要学会优化语言，让阅卷老师看见你的语言就知道你功底深厚，让其有眼前一亮的感觉。优化语言不外乎从结构、用词、句式三个方面提升作文档次，打造高分作文。完成一篇应用文写作需要经过五大步骤：审题、列纲、成文、润色和检查。‎ 审题是写作的第一步，也是最重要的环节之一。只有审好题，才能找准写作方向，使内容不偏离主题，避免因为离题而失分。因此，审好题是得高分的前提和基础。审题要做到“四确定”：‎ ‎1．确定类型和格式 不同类型的应用文有不同的写作要求和方法，所以考生在理解题目要求的前提下，要先确定文章是哪种类型的应用文。确定类型后，再按该类型的写作要求和格式进行谋篇布局。日记、书信、书面通知等都有一定的格式，其日期、称呼等都有具体要求。‎ ‎2．确定主体时态 确定了类型和格式以后就要看一看应该用什么主体时态来行文，以免时态不一致。一篇应用文写作中一般只有一种主体时态。‎ ‎3．确定中心人称 人称混乱是书面表达的大忌。一般说来，一篇应用文写作中只有一个中心人称，这个中心人称贯穿文章的始终，使全文逻辑关系一致。当然，根据文章的需要，有时也会出现其他人称，但必须保证人称不混乱、不引起歧义。‎ ‎4．确定写作要点 高考英语应用文写作一般都有几个写作要点。审题时，把要点逐个列出来，这样就可以避免出现离题或遗漏要点的情况。‎ 写作之前列一个提纲是很有必要的，这样可以做到有的放矢。列纲要注意以下三点：‎ ‎1．选好开头句 开头句可以是主题句，也可以不是主题句。是主题句的，要做到内容完整、概括性强、表述清楚；不是主题句的，也要做到开门见山、就事论事、直奔主题。‎ ‎2．安排好结构 一篇高考英语应用文写作基本上由5至8‎ 个句子组成，通常需要划分段落，以显得更自然、得体。尤其是正反对比、现在和过去对照的文章，更要划分段落。对于议论性的文章，其结构也要自然地形成主题、扩展和结尾这样的三段式结构。‎ ‎3．选择好素材 每一个要点用什么样的素材来表达，要做到心中有数。要选择那些自己最有把握、最熟练的句型来陈述要点，以求语言规范、地道。有些要点可能没有直接的英语句型对应，这时考生要开动脑筋，转换表达方式，不要死抠字眼，只要表达出要点的意思就行，但不能用汉语式的句子。‎ 成文就是根据试题的要求把材料按照一定的逻辑顺序组成一篇文章。还要恰当地使用一些连接词，把各个句子和段落连接起来，使文章衔接自然、语言流畅，符合英语的表达习惯。‎ 初稿完成后，必须对文章进行润色，即对其中的用词和句式进行升级。‎ 单词和短语是文章最基本的组成单位。用词是否出彩在一定程度上决定了文章是否能得高分。用词升级的三大方向：新颖化、短语优先、善用形容词和副词等修饰词。‎ 好的句式能增强文章的层次感，提高文章的档次，从而增加得分点。考生可通过使用特殊句式、复合结构、虚拟语气等来完成句式升级。同时，要注意长短句相间，使文章富有节奏感。‎ 经润色修改后的作文还必须经过严格的检查。检查时要做到“六看”：‎ ‎1．看格式是否正确；‎ ‎2．看要点是否齐全；‎ ‎3．看主谓是否一致；‎ ‎4．看人称是否一致；‎ ‎5．看时态是否一致；‎ ‎6．看句子结构是否完整。‎ 此外，还要检查有无拼写错误、标点符号错误、大小写错误等，尤其是那些由于笔误而导致的错误更要及时修正。‎ ‎【题目要求】　假定你是李华，正在新西兰学习。你计划寒假期间去当地旅行，请用英文写一封email向旅行社询问相关的旅行信息。要点如下：‎ ‎1．旅行信息(如景点等)。‎ ‎2．当地特色(如食品等)。‎ ‎3．注意事项。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；‎ ‎3．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ Dear__Sir/Madam，‎ I'm Li Hua, a Chinese student, studying in New Zealand.I'm writing to________________________________________________‎ ‎_______________________________________________________‎ ‎_______________________________________________________‎ ‎_______________________________________________________‎ ‎_______________________________________________________‎ ‎_______________________________________________________‎ Yours sincerely，‎ Li Hua 第一步　仔细审题 应用文写作的关键就是审好题，审题时应做到三定：①定体裁；②定人称；③定时态。‎ 本文为书信，是高考经常考查的类型；人称以第一人称为主；时态主要用一般现在时。‎ 第二步　布局谋篇 本题有简要的提纲，是对文章的提示和概括，我们在谋篇时要仔细研读题目信息，对其进行归纳整合，并适度拓展。‎ 首先要作自我介绍，并说明写信的目的；然后向旅行社详细询问相关的旅行信息；最后希望对方能早日答复。‎ 第三步　词句选用 ‎1．词汇 ask for，be famous for，places of interest，be interested in，at length，grateful，at one's earliest convenience ‎2．句型 I'm writing to ask for information about...‎ As we know，...‎ I want to know more details about...‎ I would be grateful to receive a reply at your earliest convenience.‎ 第四步　组句成篇 用适当的连接词，把以上词汇和句式再加上联想内容，组合成一篇文章。‎ ‎_______________________________________________________‎ ‎_______________________________________________________‎ ‎_______________________________________________________‎ ‎_______________________________________________________‎ ‎【参考范文】‎ Dear Sir/Madam，‎ ‎①I'm Li Hua, a Chinese student, studying in New Zealand.②I'm writing to ask for information about your agency's New Zealand's travel for the coming winter vacation.‎ ‎③My friend and I plan to travel in the country.④Could you tell me the departure time and travelling routes? ⑤As we know, New Zealand is famous for its beautiful scenery and places of interest and I want to know more details about these.⑥Besides, I am interested in the local food there.⑦How much do I have to pay for the travel? ⑧At length, are there other things I should be aware of?‎ ‎⑨I would be grateful to receive a reply at your earliest convenience.‎ Yours sincerely，‎ Li__Hua ‎【满分缘由】‎ ‎1．结构布局 本文可分为三段：‎ 第一段：首先作自我介绍，并说明写信的目的是询问在新西兰旅行的信息。‎ 第二段：向旅行社详细询问相关的旅行信息，如旅游景点和当地特色食品等。‎ 第三段：希望对方早日回信。‎ ‎2．亮点词汇 ask for，be famous for，places of interest，be interested in，at length，grateful，at one's earliest convenience ‎3．亮点句式 第①句包含现在分词短语作定语。‎ 第⑤句包含as引导的定语从句。‎ 第⑧句包含定语从句，且引导词that省略。‎ 邀请信写作模板 Dear ____________(对方的称呼)，‎ There will a __________(内容) at/in __________(地点) on ________(时间)．We would be honoured to have you there with us.‎ The occasion will start at ____________(具体时间)．This will be followed by a ____________(进一步的安排)．At around ________(时间)，____________(另一个安排)．‎ I really hope you can make it.RSVP before __________(通知你的最后期限)．‎ Yours sincerely，‎ Li Ming 经典范文欣赏 Hi Susan，‎ We're throwing a surprise party for Xiaoming's birthday.We'd like to invite you to the party.We want to give him a surprise，so please keep secret about it.We'll gather at the Students' Club at 8 pm this Friday，after the evening classes.And it's going to last about an hour.We each will prepare a little present.When he comes，we'll light the candles and sing “Happy Birthday” together for him.Then the cake will be cut and we'll sing songs and play games.It'll be nice to see how ‎ excited he will be.I'm sure you'll have a good time at the party，too.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua 求职(申请)信写作模板 Dear Sir/Madam，‎ I write this letter to apply for the position that you have advertised in _________(报纸名称) on____________(广告发布时间)．‎ Not only do I have the qualifications for this job，but I also have the right personality for a __________________(职位名称)．On the one hand，________(第一个原因)．On the other hand，_________(另一个原因)．‎ Should you grant me a personal interview，I would be most grateful.If you need to know more about me，please feel free to contact me at any time at__________________(电话号码)．‎ Thank you for considering my application，and I am looking forward to meeting you.‎ Yours sincerely，‎ Li Ming 经典范文欣赏 Dear Sir/Madam，‎ I'm Li hua，a middle school student from China.I read the announcement of the summer camp that you have posted on the Internet and I am interested in it.‎ I know that you welcome students from different countries and I'd like to take part in it.I've been learning English for 10 years，and I ‎ speak fluent English.What is more，I'll be able to tell students from other countries about China and learn about their countries as well.I hope I will be accepted as a member of your summer camp.‎ Looking forward to your reply!‎ Regards，‎ Li Hua 建议信写作模板 Dear ____________(对方的称呼)，‎ You have asked me for my advice with regard to ________(问题), and I will try to make some conductive suggestions here.‎ In my humble opinion，you would be wise to take the following actions：____________(建议的内容)．‎ I hope you ________(祝愿)．‎ Yours sincerely，‎ Li Ming 经典范文欣赏 Hi worried，‎ I'm sorry to know that you're having such a bad time at the moment. The truth is everyone will have one of those periods when things seem to be going wrong，so you don't have to worry so much.The important thing is to learn to control your temper so that you may not do or say anything you'll regret.Here are three useful tips.‎ First，talk to someone you trust about how you feel.This is a good way of letting your anger out without hurting others or yourself.Second，go outdoors and play team games with your friends as physical exercise is an effective way to get rid of anger.And third，‎ remain optimistic about your future.Such a positive attitude towards life can be helpful in lifting your spirits.‎ I hope you'll soon feel calmer and carry on as normal.‎ Yours，‎ Jamie 投诉信写作模板 Dear ____________(对方的称呼)，‎ I am ____________(自我介绍)．I feel bad to trouble you but I am afraid that I have to make a complaint about ____________(写信的目的)．‎ The reason for my dissatisfaction is ______________(总体介绍)．In the first place，______________________(抱怨的第一方面)．In addition，____________(抱怨的第二个方面)．Under these circumstances，I find it __________(感觉)to __________________(抱怨的方面给我带来的后果)．‎ I appreciate it very much if you could ______________(提出建议和请求), preferably ______________________(进一步的要求)，and I would like to have this matter settled by ___________________(希望事情得到解决的最后期限)．‎ Thank you for your consideration and I will be looking forward to your reply.‎ Yours sincerely，‎ Li Min 经典范文欣赏 Dear Sir，‎ My name is Raymond.I am writing to tell you something about your restaurant questions.‎ Last Saturday，I was going to your restaurant with my friends.We were very hungry，but when we ordered，your restaurant's waiter ignore our order.So my friend was very angry.Besides，when the waiter came on，my friend asked her why she ignored our order.She was very aggressive for us and said，“Can't you see I'm busy now？” So I do hope you can give your restaurant's waiter a training about etiquette.‎ Thank you for your time and kind consideration.‎ Yours sincerely，‎ Raymond 咨询信写作模板 Dear ____________(对方的称呼)，‎ I am ____________(自我介绍)．I am writing to see if it is possible for you to provide me with information regarding ____________(要询问的内容)．‎ First of all，what are ____________(第一个问题)？Secondly，when will ____________(第二个问题)？Thirdly，is ____________(第三个问题)?‎ I would also like to inquire ____________(将最重要的问题单独成段)．Could you be so kind as to send me some relevant booklets on the above mentioned aspects?‎ Thank you for your kindness，and your prompt attention to this letter will be highly appreciated.‎ Yours sincerely，‎ Li Ming 经典范文欣赏 Dear Mrs Faust，‎ I am very sorry to disturb you，but I have something really want to know about your school.My name is Zhang Jie，and I am a secondyear high school student in Yucai Middle School.I will pursue advanced studies in your school next year.The thing I want to know is whether your school provides campus accommodation or not.If yes，can I live with international students to learn about different cultures？If not，I want to know what accommodation your school can provide.Thank you for your attention.I hope to hear from you in the near future.‎ Yours faithfully，‎ Zhang Jie 感谢信写作模板 Dear ____________(对方的称呼)，‎ I am writing to extend my sincere gratitude for ____________(感谢的原因). If it had not been for your assistance in ____________(对方给予的具体帮助), I fear that I would have been ___________(没有对方帮助时的后果). Every one agrees that it was you who _________ (给出细节)．Again，I would like to express my warm thanks to you！Please accept my gratitude.‎ Yours sincerely，‎ Li Ming 经典范文欣赏 Dear Sharon，‎ I am writing to tell you how much I enjoyed the days at Chicago.‎ Everything was just perfect.You certainly know how to make a guest feel at home.Your delicious meals were a treat，and your flexibility in adapting to my irregular schedules made many things possible.‎ I hope you and Peter know how I appreciate your hospitality，and your kindnesses to me.I count myself fortunate indeed to have two such generous charming friends!‎ With thanks again and best wishes to you.‎ Yours，‎ Alice 道歉信写作模板 Dear ____________(对方的称呼)，‎ I am truly sorry that ____________(道歉的原因)．‎ The reason is that ____________(介绍原因)．Once again，I am sorry for any inconvenience caused.Hope you can accept my apologies and understand my situation.‎ Yours sincerely，‎ Li Ming 经典范文欣赏 Dear Sarah，‎ I am terribly sorry to tell you that I am unable to attend your birthday party next Thursday evening.That is owing to the fact that my younger brother suddenly fell ill and was taken to the hospital this morning.I have to go there immediately and take care of him.As told ‎ by the doctor in charge，it will take around five days for him to recover and I have asked my boss for a leave.‎ I really regret that I cannot go to celebrate your birthday personally and would miss the perfect chance of enjoying myself with all our old friends.I have chosen a small gift for you and will send it to you tomorrow to show my best wishes.Besides，please give my regards to our friends when you meet them at the party.‎ Cordially，‎ Li Ming 通知写作模板 ‎(1)口头通知一般都会将下列词句放在开头：Ladies and gentlemen/Boys and girls/May I have your attention，please？/I have something important to tell you.结尾时会以以下句子结束：That's all.Thank you.‎ ‎(2)书面通知在正文之前的正文位置写Notice或NOTICE字样，结尾要写明时间及发出通知的单位。‎ 经典范文欣赏 May I have your attention，please？I have an announcement to make.The Students' Union is going to hold a party on Saturday evening，July 13, to welcome our friends from the United States.The party will be held in the roof garden of the Main Building.It will begin at 7：30 pm. There will be music，dancing，singing，games and exchange of gifts.You may bring along a small gift for this purpose.Remember to wrap it up，sign your name and write a few words of good wishes.Don't forget：7：30，Saturday evening，roof garden，Main Building.It's sure to be a lot of fun.Everybody is ‎ welcome.‎ 演讲稿写作模板 Good morning，everyone！(开头称呼)‎ I'm ________________(自我介绍)．The topic of my speech is ________________(提出主题)．‎ As is known to all ________________(对现象进行具体的分析)．‎ How can we solve this problem？In my opinion _________(给出建议)．‎ For one thing __________(理由一)．For another __________(理由二)．What's more __________(理由三)．‎ Therefore/All in all/Above all ____________(总结)．‎ That's all.Thank you (for listening)！(结束语)‎ 经典范文欣赏 Good morning，everyone.‎ I'm Li Hua from Xingguang Middle School.The topic of my speech is “Let's Ride Bicycles”．‎ As is known to all，with the improvement of people's living standards, cars have become a popular means of transport，bringing great convenience to our life.However，they have also caused some problems such as air pollution and traffic jams.‎ How can we solve the problem then？As far as I'm concerned，riding bicycles is a good solution.For one thing，bicycles don't need any petrol and they are energysaving.For another，bicycles are environmentally friendly because they won't give off waste gas.What's more，riding bicycles is a good way for us to exercise and it is beneficial ‎ to our health.‎ Therefore，let's take the responsibility to build up a low carbon city by riding bicycles.Come on and join us!‎ Thank you！‎