【英语】2019届一轮复习人教版必修六Unit4Globalwarming单元学案（19页word解析版） 19页

‎2019届一轮复习人教版必修六Unit4Global warming单元学案 一单元基础训练 一、 单元单词短语回顾 consume [kənˈsju:m] vt. 消费；消耗；耗尽；吃完 ‎△renewable  [ri'nju:əbl] adj.能再生的；可更新的 ‎△greenhouse [ˈgri:nhaus] n.温室；花房 ‎△Fahrenheit  [ˈfærənhait] adj.华氏的 n.华氏温度计 come about 发生；造成 ‎△Sophie 索菲（女名）‎ ‎△Armstrong 阿姆斯特朗（姓）‎ graph [græf] n.图表；坐标图；曲线图 random  [ˈrændəm] adj.胡乱的；任意的 phenomenon  [fiˈnɔmənən] (复数-ena) n. 现象 subscribe [səbˈskraib] vi.同意；捐赠；订阅vt.(签署)文件；捐助 subscribe to 同意；赞成；订购 ‎△fossil [ˈfɔsəl] n. 化石；从地下采掘出来的（矿物）‎ fuel  [fjuəl] n. 燃料 ‎△byproduct  ['baiˌprɔdʌkt] n.副产品 ‎△Janice 贾尼丝（女名）‎ ‎△Foster 福斯特（姓或男名）‎ ‎△methane ['meθein] n. 甲烷；沼气 ‎△Celsius  ['selsiəs]adj.(温度)摄氏的 quantity [ˈkwɔntəti] n. 量；数量 quantities of 大量的 tend [tend] vi. 趋向；易于；照顾 ‎ vt. 照顾；护理 go up 上升；增长；升起 ‎△Charles Keeling 查尔斯·基林 ‎△measurement [ˈmeʒəmənt] n. 衡量；测量；尺寸 per [pə(:)] prep. 每；每一 data  [ˈdeitə] n. 资料；数据 result [riˈzʌlt] in 导致 trend [trend] n. 趋势；倾向；走向 catastrophe [kəˈtæstrəfi]n.大灾难；浩劫 flood [flʌd] n. 洪水；水灾 ‎△drought [draut] n. 旱灾；干旱 ‎△famine [ˈfæmin] n. 饱荒 ‎△George Hambley 乔治·汗布利 oppose  [əˈpəuz] vt. 反对；反抗；与（某人）较量 opposed adj. 反对的；对立的 be opposed to 反对……‎ mild  [maild] adj. 温和的；温柔的；淡的 ‎△environmental [inˌvaiərən'mentl] adj. 环境的 ‎△environmentalist[inˌvaiərən'mentlist] n. 环境保护论者 consequence  [ˈkɔnsikwəns] n. 结果；后果；影响 state  [steit] vt. 陈述；说明 range [reindʒ] n. 种类；范围 even if 即使 keep on 继续 glance  [glɑ:ns]vi.看一下扫视n.一瞥 steady  [ˈstedi] adj. 平稳的；持续的；稳固的 steadily  [ˈstedili] adv.平稳地；持续地 tendency  [ˈtendənsi] n. 倾向；趋势 widespread  [ˈwaidspred] adj. 分布广的；普遍的 on the whold 大体上；基本上 ‎△economical [ˌi:kəˈnɔmikəl] adj. 节约的；经济的 ‎△hectare [ˈhektɑ:] n. 公顷 average  [ˈævəridʒ] adj. 平均的 existence  [igˈzistəns] n. 生存；存在 outer [ˈautə] adj. 外部的；外面的 on behalf [biˈhɑ:f] of 代表……一方；‎ ‎ 作为……的代言人 ‎△individual [ˌindiˈvidʒuəl]n.个人；个体adj. 单独的；个别的 advocate [ˈædvəkit]vt.拥护；提倡,主张 commitment [kəˈmitmənt] n.承诺；交托；信奉 put up with 忍受；容忍 pollution  [pəˈlu:ʃən] n.污染；弄脏 growth  [grəuθ] n. 增长；生长 electrical [iˈlektrikəl] adj. 电的；与电有关的 ‎△appliance [əˈplaiəns] n.用具；工具；器具 so long as 只要 casual  [ˈkæʒuəl] adj. 随便的；漫不经心的；偶然的 an so on 等等 motor  [ˈməutə] n. 发动机 can [kæn] n. 容器；罐头 circumstance [ˈsə:kəmstəns] n.环境； 情况 microwave  [ˈmaikrəweiv] n. 微波炉；微波 refresh  [riˈfreʃ] vt. 使恢复；使振动 educator  [ˈedju:keitə] n. 教育工作者；教育家 contribution  [ˌkɔntriˈbju:ʃən] n. 贡献 ‎△imperative  [imˈperətiv] n.祈使语气；命令 ‎△heading  [ˈhediŋ] n. 标题 ‎△slogan  [ˈsləugən] n. 标语；口号 presentation  [ˌprezənˈteiʃən] n. 显示；演出 nuclear [ˈnju:kliə] adj. 核的；核能的；原子核的 disagreement  [ˌdisəˈgri:mənt] n.分歧；不一致 二、单元重要句式回顾：根据括号内要求翻译句子 ‎1．比起日本来，中国要大。(compared with/to)‎ Compared_with/to_Japan,_China_is_large.‎ ‎2．做事不先思考总会导致失败。(result in)‎ Acting_before_thinking_always_results_in_failure.‎ ‎3．他父母强烈反对他出国。(be opposed to)‎ His_parents_are_strongly_opposed_to_his_going_abroad.‎ ‎4．发展体育运动，增强人民体质。 (build up)‎ Promote_physical_exercise_and_build_up_the_people's_health.‎ ‎5．她虽疲劳但仍继续工作。 (keep on doing sth.)‎ She_kept_on_working_although/though_she_was_tired._‎ ‎6．我代表我的同事和我本人向你表示感谢。(on behalf of)‎ On_behalf_of_my_colleagues_and_myself_I_thank_you.‎ ‎7．我打算不再容忍他们抽烟了。(put up with)‎ I'm_not_going_to_put_up_with_their_smoking_any_longer._‎ ‎8．只要你在晚饭前回来你就可以去。 (so long as)‎ You_may_go,_so_long_as_you_return_by_dinnertime._‎ ‎9．分秒必争/一寸光阴一寸金。(count)‎ Every_second_counts.‎ ‎10．即使我知道，我也不会告诉你。(even if)‎ I_wouldn't_tell_you_even_if_I_knew._‎ 单元综合知识运用 一 完形填空提速训练 One day, while we were visiting my parents on a farm in late summer, Dad mentioned he'd always wanted a Crimson King Maple ‎ Tree for the yard.Mom agreed that the trees were __1__.‎ Like many other parents, mine were hard to __2__ for, so I figured this was a great opportunity to get them something they'd __3__.I also thought two would be even better.I checked the __4__ at work and decided it was a bit more than I could __5__ — but all of my siblings (兄弟姊妹) agreed to give some money to buy the trees.‎ In northern Ohio, you don't plant maple trees at Christmas, so we decided to __6__ Mom and Dad with a special Christmas in October before the ground __7__.We asked my aunt if she'd help us with the “__8__”， and she called my parents __9__ to say she was coming for a Sunday visit.Then my sisters and sistersinlaw went into __10__， planning a big holiday turkey dinner.‎ On the __11__ Sunday, we all met at my house and __12__ the trees into a truck.I __13__ as Santa Claus.When we arrived at my parents' house, Dad was __14__ something was wrong first.He and Mom were amazed when we told them __15__ we were there.‎ When Christmas __16__， of course, we couldn't go to our parents' house emptyhanded, so Mom and Dad got __17__ presents that year.Almost half a century later, I __18__ drive by the old farm and smile when I see those big, handsome __19__ and remember giving a special __20__ to special people at Christmas in October.‎ 语篇解读：本文为记叙文。作者讲述了自己和亲人们一起用特别的方式给其父母带来惊喜的经历。‎ ‎1．A.distinctive　　　　　　 B．fragrant C．expensive D．pretty 解析：选D　上文提及父亲想要在庭院种植一棵枫树，下文提及“those big, handsome”，故此处应是母亲也欣然同意，认为枫树很漂亮(pretty)。distinctive“与众不同的”；fragrant“芳香的”。‎ ‎2．A.shop B．represent C．answer D．care 解析：选A　根据上文的“Like many other parents, mine were hard to”，下文的“so I figured this was a great opportunity to get them something”以及接下来介绍的作者兄弟姊妹几人为父母买礼物的内容可知，此处指作者觉得给父母买东西是很难的，故选shop“购物”。‎ ‎3．A.deserve B．appreciate C．advertise D．imagine 解析：选B　根据上文的“Dad mentioned he'd always wanted a Crimson King Maple Tree for the yard ...”及下文介绍的为父母买礼物的内容可知，此处指作者认为这是一个给父母买他们欣赏的东西的好机会。deserve“值得，应得”；appreciate“感激，欣赏”；advertise“为……做广告”；imagine“想象”。‎ ‎4．A.result B．number C．price D．express 解析：选C　根据下文的“but all of my siblings (兄弟姊妹) agreed to give some money to buy the trees”可知，作者在上班时查看了一下枫树的价格(price)，认为它的价格比自己能支付得起(afford)的还要高一点。express“快递”。‎ ‎5．A.afford B．expect C．fancy D．handle 解析：选A　参见上题解析。‎ ‎6．A.frighten B．assist C．surprise D．reward 解析：选C　从下文作者联合其姑姑来帮忙实施这个计划以及计划具体实施的内容可知，作者他们想给父母一个惊喜(surprise)。 assist“帮助，协助”。‎ ‎7．A.warmed B．froze C．softened D．darkened 解析：选B　根据上下文语境及句中的“In northern Ohio, you don't plant maple trees at Christmas”“a special Christmas in October before the ground”可知，作者他们决定在土地上冻之前让父母度过一个特别的圣诞节。freeze“结冰”符合语境。soften“变软，软化”。‎ ‎8．A.trick B．purchase C．choice D．decoration 解析：选A　根据上下文语境可知，作者询问姑姑是否可以帮忙实施这个“把戏(trick)”。‎ ‎9．A.in advance B．on time C．by accident D．at will 解析：选A　根据上下文语境可知，作者的姑姑提前(in advance)给作者的父母打电话说她会在周日来拜访。on time“准时”； by accident“意外地”；at will“随意”。‎ ‎10．A.service B．action C．effect D．production 解析：选B　根据下文的“planning a big holiday turkey dinner”可知，随后，作者的姊妹和嫂子(或弟媳)行动起来。go into action “行动起来”符合语境。go into service“投入使用”；go into effect“生效”；go into production“投产”。‎ ‎11．A.regular B．separate C．given D．chosen 解析：选D　根据语境可知，作者和亲人们在选定的(chosen)那个周日聚到自己家里。regular“惯常的，有规律的”。‎ ‎12．A.sorted B．loaded C．transported D．transplanted 解析：选B　根据下文的“the trees into a truck”可知，作者他们把树装上(loaded)卡车。transport“运输，运送”；transplant“移植”。‎ ‎13．A.dressed up B．passed off C．looked on D．started out 解析：选A　根据下文的“as Santa Claus”可知，作者把自己装扮(dressed up)成圣诞老人。pass sb./sth.off as“把……冒充为……”；look on sb./sth.as“把……当作……”；start out as“以……开始，起初是……”。‎ ‎14．A.delighted B．annoyed C．disappointed D．convinced 解析：选D　根据上下文语境及句中的“something was wrong first”可知，作者的父亲一开始坚信哪里出了问题。convinced“确信，坚信”符合语境。‎ ‎15．A.when B．how C．why D．whether 解析：选C　根据语境可知，当我们告诉他们我们为什么(why)会在那里的时候，父母感到很吃惊。‎ ‎16．A.came around B．dropped out C．turned up D．drew in 解析：选A　根据下文的内容可知，当圣诞节来临时，作者他们去探望父母。come around“发生，降临”；drop out“退出”；turn up“出现”；draw in“(白天变得)渐短”。‎ ‎17．A.generous B．additional C．double D．special 解析：选C　根据上文的“In northern Ohio, you don't plant maple trees at Christmas, so we decided to ...with a special Christmas in October”可知，作者他们在十月份的时候已经为父母送上了一份特别的圣诞节礼物，而在真正的圣诞节到来的时候，他们又不能空手去拜访自己的父母，故作者的父母那年是收到了双份的(double)圣诞节礼物。additional“额外的”。‎ ‎18．A.even B．just C．once D．still 解析：选D　根据上下文语境可知，时隔几乎半个世纪，当作者看到那些高大、漂亮的枫树(trees)时依然(still)会面带微笑地驶过那个农场。‎ ‎19．A.farms B．trees C．trucks D．yards 解析：选B　参见上题解析。‎ ‎20．A.congratulation B．gift C．donation D．greeting 解析：选B　作者看到那些枫树时，会想起自己多年前在特别的圣诞节送给父母特别的礼物(gift)。上文中的“presents that year”亦是关键提示。donation“捐赠物”；greeting“问候”。‎ 二、阅读理解提速训练 We have a problem, and the strange thing is that we not only know about it, but also celebrate it. Just today, someone boasted to me that she was so busy she's averaged four hours of sleep a night for the last two weeks. She wasn't complaining; she was proud of the fact. She is not alone.‎ Why are typically rational people so irrational in their behavior? The answer is that we're in the midst of a bubble. I call it “The More Bubble”．‎ The nature of bubbles is that something is absurdly overvalued until — eventually — the bubble bursts, and we're left wondering why we were so irrationally animated in the first place. The thing we're overvaluing now is the opinion of doing it all, having it all, achieving it all.‎ This bubble is being enabled by a combination of three powerful trends: smartphones, social media, and extreme consumerism. The result is not just information overload, but opinion overload. We are more aware than at any time in history of what everyone else is doing and, therefore, what we should be doing. In the process, we have been sold a bill of goods: ‎ that success means being supermen and superwomen who can get it all done. Of course, we boasted about being busy — it's code for being successful and important.‎ And our answer to the problem of more is always more. We need more technology to help us create more technologies. We need to shift our workload to free up our own time to do yet even more.‎ Luckily, there is a solution to the pursuit of more: the pursuit of less, but better. A growing number of people are making this change. I call these people Essentialists.‎ These people are designing their lives around what is essential and removing everything else. These people arrange to have actual weekends (during which they are not working). They create technologyfree zones in their homes. They trade time on Facebook with calling those few friends who really matter to them. Instead of running to different meetings, they put space on their calendars to get important work done.‎ So we have two choices: We can be among the last people caught up in “The More Bubble”， or we can join the growing community of Essentialists and get more of what matters in our one precious life.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。受智能手机、社交媒体和极端消费主义的影响，许多人乐于说自己很忙，这掩盖了生活的本质。我们应当关注生活中最重要的部分，屏蔽那些无关紧要的事物。‎ ‎1．When the woman said for two weeks she only slept for four ‎ hours a night, ________.‎ A．she was unsatisfied with her lifestyle B．she was asking for suggestions C．she took pride in doing so D．she knew few people were like her 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“She wasn't complaining; she was proud of the fact.”可知，当这个女士说自己最近两周每晚只睡四个小时时，她对自己这样做感到自豪。故C项正确。‎ ‎2．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?‎ A．The cause and result of “The More Bubble”．‎ B．The advantages of “The More Bubble”．‎ C．The solutions to “The More Bubble”．‎ D．The new trends of “The More Bubble”．‎ 解析：选A　段落大意题。通读第四段可知，该段首先分析了“The More Bubble”的起因：受智能手机、社交媒体和极端消费主义的影响；接着又分析了“The More Bubble”的后果：信息太多、观点太多，吹嘘忙就是成功和重要的秘诀。故A项正确。‎ ‎3．According to the article, Essentialists are those who ________.‎ A．give up certain things for what matters in life B．prefer to change frequently C．are tired of information and opinion D．are eager to become successful and important 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句“These people ‎ are designing their lives around what is essential and removing everything else.”可知，Essentialists是指那些为生活中重要的东西而放弃某些不重要的东西的人。故A项正确。‎ ‎4．We can infer from the article that the author ________ “The More Bubble”．‎ A．is supportive of　　　　　 B．is undecided about C．disapproves of D．wonders about 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第四段第二句“The result is not just information overload, but opinion overload.”并结合第四段内容可知，“The More Bubble”导致信息膨胀、观点泛滥，从而掩盖了真实的生活；据此可以判断，作者对此持反对态度。故C项正确。‎ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 ‎(2018·江西重点中学联考)There are so many things we do in our daily lives that have become a “habit”. __1__ How you answer the phone is a habit. The way you sit in the car when you drive is a habit. Have you ever tried to change the way you do something, after you've done it in a certain way for so long? It's not very easy to do. The minute your mind drifts to something else, you go right back to the old way of doing things. __2__ It's a way of doing things that has become routine or commonplace. To change an existing habit or form a new one can be a tedious task.‎ Let's pick something fairly easy to start with, like spending 15 minutes in the morning reading the Bible. If you want to turn something into a habit that you do every day, you ‎ have to WANT to do it. __3__ Make a firm decision to do this on a daily basis.‎ Imprint it in your mind. Write several notes to yourself and put them in places where you will see them. By the alarm clock, on the bathroom mirror, on the refrigerator door, in your briefcase, and under your car keys are good places to start.‎ After the newness wears off, then you will have to remind yourself, “Hey, I forgot to ...” Keep using the notes if you have to, __4__ Some people say it will take over a month to solidify it and make it something you will do without having to think about it. I tend to agree with the last statement. Two to three weeks will help you to remember, but thirty days or more will make it a part of your everyday routine.__5__‎ A．What is a “habit” anyway?‎ B．Is doing things in an old way good?‎ C．Brushing your teeth is a habit.‎ D．Forming a bad habit is easy.‎ E．It takes 16 to 21 times of repeating a task to make it a habit.‎ F．If you don't, you will find a way to do everything but that.‎ G．That's something you won't necessarily have to think about before you do it — habit.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，阐述了习惯的定义，并介绍了几个培养习惯的方法。‎ ‎1．选C　根据空格上一句“There are so many things we do in our daily lives that have become a ‘habit’．”可知，我们日常所做的许多事情已经成了习惯；由空格下一句“How you answer the phone is a habit.”可知，接电话的方式也成了习惯；据此可以判断，空格处应列举日常生活中已经成为习惯的行为。C项“刷牙是一种习惯”紧密衔接上下文，符合语境。故C项正确。‎ ‎2．选A　根据空格下一句“It's a way of doing things that has become routine or commonplace.”可知，该句阐述了习惯的定义；据此可以判断，空格处应提问“习惯是什么”。故A项正确。‎ ‎3．选F　根据空格上一句“If you want to turn something into a habit that you do every day, you have to WANT to do it.”可知，如果你想将某件事变成你每天都要做的习惯行为，你就必须想要做它，此处强调的是想要做的重要性；据此可以判断，空格处应谈论如果你不想做会发生什么情况。故F项正确。‎ ‎4．选E　根据空格下一句“Some people say it will take over a month to solidify it and make it something you will do without having to think about it.”可知，该处陈述的是养成习惯的一种方法。空格处应陈述养成习惯的另一种方法。E项中的“16 to 21 times”与下文中的“Two to three weeks”相照应。故E项正确。‎ ‎5．选G　根据空格上一句“Two to three weeks will help you to remember, but thirty days or more will make it a part of your everyday routine.”并结合空格处所在的位置可知，空格处总结全文，再次阐述什么是习惯。G项“那是你在做之前不必考虑的事——习惯”符合文意。故G项正确。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 ‎(2018·杭州市高三教学质量检测)Over 2,200 years ago, Emperor Qin Shihuang, the first Emperor in Chinese history, established the official Chinese writing characters. The new, simplified characters made writing calligraphy (书法) less __1__ (complicate). It allowed people to use characters with more straight strokes, thus __2__ (make) it easier to write with brushes. This __3__ (create) the Li genre (体裁). Over time, other variations were also developed, __4__ eventually led to the formation of the five genres in Chinese calligraphy. As __5__ result, calligraphy became __6__ (wide) accepted. Calligraphy also had its practical values because it was a good way to make friends and was more presentable as a gift rather than jewelry or money. Does calligraphy still have these practical functions now? Yes. Many people practice calligraphy as a way __7__ (raise) their cultural accomplishment. Older people use calligraphic writing as a method to keep fit. They believe that when a person concentrates on __8__ (write) calligraphy, his inner wellbeing (幸福) is inspired. I had thought computers would lead to the __9__ (disappear) of Chinese calligraphy. Now I understand that's not likely to happen. How can you give your boss computerprinted calligraphy as a gift? You don't, __10__ you want him to fire you!‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国书法的发展简史，最后文章指出练好书法的重要性。‎ ‎1．complicated　make sth.＋adj.“使某物……”。此处意为 ‎“使书法变得不再复杂”。‎ ‎2．making　此处是现在分词作结果状语。‎ ‎3．created　根据上下文可知，此处叙述的是过去发生的事情，故应用一般过去时态。‎ ‎4．which　此处是非限制性定语从句，且空格处的关系代词指代前面所说的内容，故用which。‎ ‎5．a　as a result 是固定搭配，意为“结果”。‎ ‎6．widely　书法被广泛接受。副词widely修饰动词accepted。‎ ‎7．to raise　修饰抽象名词way要用动词不定式。‎ ‎8．writing　concentrate on doing sth.“集中精力做某事”。此处用动名词作介词on的宾语。‎ ‎9．disappearance　lead to中的to是介词，故其后用名词作它的宾语。‎ ‎10．unless　根据语境“除非你想让他开除你”可知，应填unless。‎ Ⅳ.应用文写作 假如你是李明，请你就本校食堂的状况给校长写一封信，内容包括：‎ ‎1．食堂的饭菜质量不好；‎ ‎2．价格偏高；‎ ‎3．工作人员服务态度不热情。‎ 注意：1.词数80左右；‎ ‎2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；‎ ‎3．信的开头和结尾已为你写好，但不计入总词数。‎ Dear Mr President，‎ My name is Li Ming. I am writing a letter to you about ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ Sincerely yours，‎ Li Ming 参考范文：‎ Dear Mr President，‎ My name is Li Ming. I am writing a letter to you about the canteen service on campus which has given rise to a lot of complaints among students.‎ The focus of the complaint is the poor quality of the food. The vegetables are so overcooked as to lose their nutrients. The price of the food is surprisingly high. Besides, the attitude of the service staff to the students is not hospitable at all.‎ All in all, there is still much room for improvement as far as the canteen service is concerned. I do hope we will not suffer for another year. Thank you for your kind consideration. ‎ Sincerely yours，‎ Li Ming