上海市奉贤区2020届高三下学期二模考试英语试题 Word版含解析 28页

www.ks5u.com ‎2019学年奉贤区学科教学质量调研 高三英语试卷 ‎（满分140分，考试时间120分钟）‎ I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.‎ ‎1. A. Supermarket. B. Tailor's shop. C. Department store. D. Convenience store.‎ ‎2. A. 200 pounds. B. 600 pounds. C. 300 pounds. D. 700 pounds.‎ ‎3. A. Call the ticket office later. B. Order the tickets online.‎ C. Not to buy the ticket on the Internet. D. Order the tickets when it's not busy.‎ ‎4. A. Borrowing money from a business company.‎ B. Lending some money to a student.‎ C. Asking for some financial aid.‎ D. Reading students' application.‎ ‎5. A. The bed is to blame for his not falling asleep.‎ B. He can fall asleep if he stops drinking.‎ C. He can drink more to fall asleep easily.‎ D. Drinking is good for sleeping.‎ ‎6. A. He is satisfied with the content. B. He feels sorry for it.‎ C. He thinks it is valueless. D. He thinks it is valuable.‎ ‎7. A. Professor Smith spoke Greek when he explained the maths problem.‎ B. The woman still didn't understand the maths problem.‎ C. Unfortunately, she didn't hear Professor Smith's explanation.‎ D. Professor Smith didn't explain the problem clearly.‎ ‎8. A. Collect papers for the man. B. Do the typing once again.‎ C. Check the paper for typing errors. D. Read the whole newspaper.‎ - 28 -‎ ‎9. A. Proceed in his own way.‎ B. Stick to the original plan.‎ C. Negotiate with his colleague.‎ D. Try to change his colleague's mind.‎ ‎10. A. His project proved to be unsuccessful.‎ B. He was unable to get sufficient money.‎ C. Lack of land prevented his success.‎ D. He was successful with his project.‎ Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear several longer conversation(s) and short passage(s), and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation(s) and the passage(s). The conversation(s) and the passage(s) will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following talk,‎ ‎11. A. To guide and help children's play. B. To give children an opportunity to play.‎ C. To make children excited. D. To keep children company.‎ ‎12. A. It determines the standard a child can reach.‎ B. It is the happiest period during one's life.‎ C. It is the most important time to shape one's character.‎ D. It is the best time for children to learn new things.‎ ‎13. A. The relationship between play and learning.‎ B. The way to help children develop both physically and mentally.‎ C. The importance of children's play.‎ D. Different stages of children's development.‎ Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage,‎ ‎14. A. It tends to wander towards unpleasant experiences.‎ B. It wanders for almost half of their waking time.‎ C. It has trouble concentrating after a brain injury.‎ D. It tends to be affected by their negative feelings.‎ - 28 -‎ ‎15. A. To find how happiness relates to daydreaming.‎ B. To observe how one's mind affects one's behavior.‎ C. To see why daydreaming impacts what one is doing.‎ D. To study the relation between health and daydreaming.‎ ‎16. A. Participants with clear goals in mind outperformed those without clear goals.‎ B. The difference in performance between the two groups was insignificant.‎ C. Non-daydreamers were more confused on their tasks than daydreamers.‎ D. Daydreamers did better than non-daydreamers in task performance.‎ Questions 17 through 20 are based on the fallowing conversation.‎ ‎17. A. Their average lifespan was less than 50 years.‎ B. It was very common for them to have 12 children.‎ C. They retired from work much earlier than today.‎ D. They were quite optimistic about their future.‎ ‎18. A. Get ready for ecological changes.‎ B. Adapt to the new environment.‎ C. Learn to use new technology.‎ D. Explore ways to stay young.‎ ‎19. A. When all women go out to work.‎ B. When family planning is enforced.‎ C. When a world government is set up.‎ D. When all people become wealthier.‎ ‎20. A. Eliminate poverty and injustice.‎ B. Migrate to other planets.‎ C. Control the environment.‎ D. Find inexhaustible resources.‎ II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word: for the other blanks, use one word that - 28 -‎ ‎ best fits each blank.‎ Plants Scream in the Face of Stress For the first time, researchers appear to have evidence that like animals, those plants deprived of water or ___1___ (force) to endure bodily harm can let out their pain. The study, ___2___ has yet to be published in a scientific Journal, adds another dimension to scientists ___3___ (grow) understanding of how plants detect and interact with their surroundings.‎ In recent years, it has become very clear that plants are more sensitive than researchers ___4___ (think). They respond when touched by insects and turn toward sources of light. "Plants are not just robotic stimulus-response devices," said Frantisek Baluska of the University of Bonn in Germany. "They're living organisms which have their own problems/'‎ Actually making their suffering hearable, however, is another matter entirely. ___5___ (test) that possibility, a team led by Itzhak Khait, a plant scientist at Tel Aviv University in Israel, placed microphones capable of detecting ultrasonic frequencies (超声波频率)four inches from tomato and tobacco plants. The researcher then either stopped watering them or cut their stems.‎ Measuring in the range of 20 to 150 kilohertz (千赫).the researchers found that even happy, healthy plants made the occasional noise. But when cut, tobacco plants emitted ___6___ average of 15 sounds within an hour of being cut ___7___ tomato plants produced 25 sounds.‎ ‎___8___ researchers aren't yet sure how plants produce these sounds, Khait and his colleagues proposed one possibility in their paper ___9___ as water travels through the plants' tubes, air bubbles will form and explode, producing small vibrations.‎ All this "screaming” caused by stress wasn't in a range detectable by human ears. But organisms that can hear ultrasonic frequencies—like mice, bats or perhaps other plants—_____10_____ possibly hear the plants cries from as far away as 15 feet.‎ ‎【答案】1. forced ‎ ‎2. which 3. growing ‎ - 28 -‎ ‎4. thought 5. To test ‎ ‎6. an 7. while ‎ ‎8. Although/While/Though ‎ ‎9. that 10. could/can ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了最近的研究发现：和动物一样，在面对压力时，植物可以释放它们的痛苦。‎ ‎【1题详解】‎ 考查过去分词。句意：研究人员首次有证据表明，与动物一样，那些被剥夺水分或被迫忍受身体伤害的植物可以释放它们的痛苦。分析句子可知，该简单句已经存在动词“can let out”。故force需用非谓语动词。逻辑主语为“植物”和force存在被动关系。故填forced。‎ ‎【2题详解】‎ 考查定语从句。句意：这项研究尚未在科学杂志上发表。分析句子可知，该处为非限定性定语从句。从句部分缺主语，先行词为“物”，要用关系代词which。故填which。‎ ‎【3题详解】‎ 考查形容词。句意：科学家对植物如何探测周围环境并与之互动的理解不断加深，这又增加了一个新的维度。分析句子，需将提示词变为形容词修饰后面的名词“理解”。故填growing（增加的）。‎ ‎【4题详解】‎ 考查动词时态。句意：近年来，人们越来越清楚地认识到植物比研究人员想象的更加敏感。分析句子，文章将现在的研究和过去研究者的看法对比。故用过去时。故填thought。‎ ‎【5题详解】‎ 考查非谓语。句意：为了测试这种可能性, Itzhak Khait领导的研究小组放置了麦克风……。分析句子可知，句中已经有动词placed。故test需填非谓语表示目的。故填To test。‎ ‎【6题详解】‎ 考查固定短语。句意：但当被切割时，烟草植物在被切割后的一小时内平均发出15种声音。固定短语an average of (平均是)。故填an。‎ ‎【7题详解】‎ 考查连词。句意：但当被切割时，烟草植株在被切割后 - 28 -‎ 一小时内平均发出15种声音，而番茄植株发出25种声音。分析句子，烟草发出15种声音而番茄发出25种声音。前后句表示对比。故填while。‎ ‎【8题详解】‎ 考查连词。句意：尽管研究人员还不确定植物是如何发出这些声音的，但是Khait和他的同事在他们的论文中提出了一种可能性。分析句子，前句讲科学家还不确定声音如何发出，后句确说他们提出了可能性。故前后表示“让步”。故填Although/While/Though。‎ ‎【9题详解】‎ 考查同位语从句。句意：在他们的论文中提出了一种可能性:当水通过植物的管子时，气泡会形成并爆炸，产生微小的振动。分析句子可知，后面的从句为名词“possibility”的内容。根据同位语从句的定语：先行词为抽象名词，且从句为该名词内容称为同位语从句。此处同位语从句不缺成分不缺任何含义。故填that。‎ ‎【10题详解】‎ 考查情态动词。句意：但是能够听到超声波频率的生物——比如老鼠、蝙蝠或者其他植物——可能能够听到15英尺以外的植物的叫声。分析句子可知，划线后的动词“hear”用了动词原形，且根据前句讲某些生物能够听到超声频率。可推出划线部分缺“能够”之意，需填情态动词。故填can /could。‎ Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.‎ Italians find "Moments of Joy in this Moment of Anxiety "‎ It started with the national anthem. Then came the piano chords, trumpet blasts, violin serenades (小夜曲) and even the clanging of pots and pans—all of it ___11___ from people's homes, out of windows and from balconies, and resounding across rooftops.‎ Finally, on Saturday afternoon, a nationwide ___12___ of applause broke out for the doctors on the medical front lines fighting the spread of Europe's worst coronavirus outbreak.‎ Italians remain ___13___ under house arrest as the nation, the European front in - 28 -‎ ‎ the global fight against the coronavirus, has ordered extraordinary restrictions on their movement to prevent infection.‎ But the music and noise erupting over the streets, from people ___14___ in their homes, reflects the spirit, resilience and humor of a nation facing its worst national emergency since the Second World War To the extent that this is a virus that tries people's souls, it has also demonstrated the ___15___ of those national characters.‎ In China, patriotic truck drivers risked infection to bring ___16___ needed food to the people of Wuhan, the epicenter of the outbreak. In Iran, videos show doctors in full combat dress and masks dancing to keep ___17___ up. And in Italy, the gestures of gratitude and music ring out above the country's empty streets, while social media feeds fill with ___18___, sentimental and humorous web videos.‎ Images of nurses collapsed from exhaustion or their faces bruised (使受瘀伤)from tightly ___19___ masks have also spread across the web in recent days. Parents posted pictures of unicorns and rainbows drawn by young children with the title "It will all be OK."‎ ‎“We're Italians, and loving singing is part of our culture’’, said Giorgio Albertini, 51, an archaeology professor who clapped from his apartment balcony in the university district of Milan, calling it a way " to feel a community, and to have the ____20____ grief ''.‎ ‎【答案】11. I 12. B ‎ ‎13. A 14. C ‎ ‎15. G 16. F ‎ ‎17. D 18. E ‎ ‎19. K 20. J ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇新闻报道。新冠状病毒疫情全球蔓延，但是各国人们顽强地与病毒作斗争，从焦虑中寻找快乐，相信“一切都会好起来的”。‎ ‎【11题详解】‎ - 28 -‎ 考查非谓语动词。句意：它从国歌开始。接着是钢琴地和弦、小号管乐器的声音、小提琴的小夜曲，甚至锅碗瓢盆发出的叮叮当当的声音，所有这些从人们的房子、窗户、阳台飘出来，回响在屋顶上。根据句意，应是动词spill，意思为“溢出，迅速涌出”；分析句子结构，此处是“代词all of it+现在分词”的独立主格结构，spill和all of it之间为逻辑上的主动关系，用现在分词形式。故选I项。‎ ‎【12题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：终于，在周六下午，在抗击欧洲最严重的冠状病毒疫情蔓延的医疗第一线的医生们获得了全国范围内的掌声。前面有不定冠词a，因此所填词应该是名词；round是名词，意思为“轮次，回合”，符合句意。故选B项。‎ ‎【13题详解】‎ 考查副词。句意：意大利人基本上仍被软禁，因为该国——全球抗击冠状病毒的欧洲前线——已下令对他们的行动实施特别限制，以防止感染。修饰短语under house arrest，应用副词；essentially是副词，意思为“基本上”，符合句意。故选A项。‎ ‎【14题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。句意：但街道上从困在家中的人们传出的音乐和声音，反映了这个面临二战以来最严重国家危机的国家的精神、坚韧和幽默。短语be stuck in 意思为“被困于……”，此处用过去分词作后置定语，相当于定语从句people who are stuck in…。故选C项。‎ ‎【15题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：就某种程度而言，这是一种考验人们灵魂的病毒，它也展示了这些民族性格的力量。在定冠词the后应是名词；strength是名词，意思为“力量”；根据those national characters可知，应该是复数形式。故选G项。‎ ‎【16题详解】‎ 考查副词。句意：在中国，爱国的卡车司机冒着被感染的危险，将急需的食物运送到疫情重灾区武汉。修饰过去分词needed，应该用副词；desperately是副词，意思为“极度地”，符合句意。故选F项。‎ ‎【17题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：在伊朗，视频显示医生们穿着全套战斗服，戴着面具跳舞以保持激昂的精神。短语keep spirits up意思为“保持情绪高涨”；spirits意思为“精神，情绪”，符合句意。故选D项。‎ ‎【18题详解】‎ - 28 -‎ 考查形容词。句意：在意大利，感谢的手势和音乐响彻这个国家空荡荡的街道，社交媒体上充满了令人鼓舞、感伤和幽默的网络视频。and连接并列的成分，所填词应该是形容词，与sentimental和humorous并列； encouraging是形容词，意思为“令人鼓舞的”，符合句意。故选E项。‎ ‎19题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。句意：护士因为疲惫而倒下，或他们的脸因为紧紧密封的口罩而有瘀伤的形象近日也在网络上传播。根据句意，此处是动词seal，意思为“密封”；所修饰词mask与seal之间为逻辑上的被动关系，因此用过去分词作定语；tightly sealed修饰名词masks。故选K项。‎ ‎【20题详解】‎ 考查形容词。句意：“我们是意大利人，热爱唱歌是我们文化的一部分。”一位51岁的考古学教授Giorgio Albertini在米兰大学区的公寓阳台上鼓掌，称这是一种“感受群体、感受集体悲痛”的方式。修饰名词grief，应该用形容词；collective是形容词，意思为“集体的；共同的”，符合句意。故选J项。‎ III. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B. C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.‎ Making choices is hard. That would be why researcher Moran Cerf has ___21___ it from his life. As a rule, he always chooses the second menu item at a restaurant.‎ This is ___22___ by his research in neuroeconomics(神经经济学)(a somewhat new. divisive field) at Northwestern University. As Business Insider describes, Cerf has extended his ideas—which draw on some controversial ideas in psychology, including ego depletion out-into a piece of advice that, to ___23___ happiness, people should "build a life that requires ___24___ decisions by surrounding themselves with people who possess traits they prefer.‎ On an instinctive level, Cerf's idea ___25___: Many choices people make are the product of social pressures and the inputs of ___26___ people around them. One example Cerf furnishes is that. ___27___ consistently ordering the second menu item, he never picks where to eat. Rather, he ___28___ his decision to his dining partner—which - 28 -‎ ‎ friend he plans to eat with, probably one he trusts—and always lets them pick.‎ While it’s ___29___ what, if any scientific principles underlie those pieces of advice, there is no shortage of research showing that choices can sometimes feel more ____30____ than liberating. An example from Quanta poits (假设)：If you have a clear love of Snickers(士力架),choosing that over an Almond Joy(杏仁巧克力)or a Milky Way(牛奶巧克力)should be a ____31____. And, as an experiment conducted by neuroscientist Paul Glimcher at NYU shows most of the time it is, ____32____ you introduce more choices.‎ When the participants were offered three candy bars (Snickers, Milky Way, and Almond Joy) they had no problem picking their favorite, but when they were given the option of one among 20 including Snickers, they would sometimes drift away from their ____33____. When the choices were taken away in later trials, the participants would wonder what caused them to make such a bad decision.‎ As Quanta details, according to a model called “divisive normalization”(分裂归一化), which has gained some popularity, the way the brain encodes choices has a lot to do with how it values all its options. So if you have two things that are clearly ____34____ brain areas involved in decision-making fire in a pattern that makes the decision clear. When the choices are comparable, the brain docs its best to focus on the distinctions between the two, but more choices ____35____ that ability out.‎ ‎21. A. relieved B. released C. eliminated D. liberated ‎22. A. influenced B. inherited C. implemented D. informed ‎23. A. maximize B. balance C. cherish D. seek ‎24. A. safer B. fewer C. better D. sounder ‎25. A. stands out B. comes into force C. makes sense D. plays a part ‎26. A. distinguished B. trusted C. authorized D. honored ‎27. A. in addition to B. instead of C. in spite of D. regardless of ‎28. A. conveys B. relates C. submits D. limits - 28 -‎ ‎29. A. evident B. unclear C. critical D. inevitable ‎30. A. confusing B. inspiring C. worrying D. appealing ‎31. A. stressor B. no-brainer C. challenge D. headache ‎32. A. after B. before C. when D. until ‎33. A. preference B. struggle C. status D. direction ‎34. A. impressive B. insignificant C. unique D. distinct ‎35. A. crowd B. figure C. sort D. put ‎【答案】21. C 22. D 23. A 24. B 25. C 26. B 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. A 31. B 32. D 33. A 34. D 35. A ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在做决定时心理学理论和大脑的工作过程。选项越少时，人们更容易选择自己喜欢的事物，但当选项变多时，人们往往会偏离自己喜欢的东西。‎ ‎【21题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：做决定是非常困难的，这就是为什么研究者Moran Cerf把把做决定这一活动从他生命中消除的原因。A. relieved解除；B. released释放；C. eliminated消除；D. liberated解放。分析文章内容可知，后文提到“As a rule, he always chooses the second menu item at a restaurant.”通常来讲，Moran Cerf在餐厅时总是选择菜单第二个选项。由此判断，Moran Cerf已经放弃了选择这个活动，在他的生活中已经不需要选择了。故选C。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是他在西北大学神经经济学，这一较新的研究领域中得出的。A. influenced影响；B. inherited继承；C. implemented实施；D. informed通知；了解。分析文章内容可知，Moran Cerf是西北大学的研究员，因此才能根据他的研究得出“Making choices is hard. ”做决定很困难这一结论。故选D。‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ - 28 -‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Cerf扩充了他的想法——这些想法借鉴了心理学中一些有争议的想法，包括自我枯竭，他提出了一条建议，即为了使幸福最大化，人们应该多和自己有着相同喜好的人接触以做出更少的决定。A. maximize最大化；B. balance平衡；C. cherish珍惜；D. seek寻求。分析文章内容可知，Cerf认为做决定是一件很困难的事，而且在他的日常生活中他也尽量避免做决定，从神经经济学的角度来讲，这会让他生活的幸福感提升。故选A。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Cerf扩充了他的想法——这些想法借鉴了心理学中一些有争议的想法，包括自我枯竭，他提出了一条建议，即为了使幸福最大化，人们应该多和自己有着相同喜好的人接触以做出更少的决定。A. safe安全的；B. fewer更少的； C. better更好的；D. sounder更合理的。后文提到“by surrounding themselves with people who possess traits they prefer.”可以多和与自己有着相同喜好的人接触，喜好相同意味着没有较多的分歧，这样也不需要再做其他额外的决定。故选B。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 考查动词词组辨析。句意：在本能层面上来讲，Cerf的想法是有道理的：人们所做的许多决定都是来自于社会的压力和周围可信赖人的输入。A. stands out突出；B. comes into force生效；C. makes sense有意义；D. plays a part发挥作用。前文提到“On an instinctive level”Cerf在神经经济学领域得出的结论，在人类本能层面上也能说的通。故选C。‎ ‎【26题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在本能层面上来讲，Cerf的想法是有道理的：人们所做的许多决定都是来自于社会的压力和周围可信赖人的输入。A. distinguished尊敬的；B. trusted信任的；C. authorized授权的；D. honored荣幸的。后文提到“which friend he plans to eat with, probably one he trusts—and always lets them pick.”在和朋友们吃饭的时候，Cerf也会让他信任的朋友们点餐，由此判断有时候做决定的时候是自己信任的人。故选B。‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ 考查介词词组。句意：除了不断点菜单里的第二项之外，他从来不选择去哪里吃饭。A. in addition to除此之外；B. instead of而不是；C. in spite of尽管；D. regardless of不管。后文提到Cerf在吃饭地点这件事上从来不做选择，说明他除了点菜单上的第二个菜之外不做任何其他的事情。故选A。‎ ‎【28题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：相反的是，他会把仅有的决定用在决定他的用餐伙伴上——他会决定和哪个朋友一起吃饭，有可能是他信任的朋友——并且总是让他们挑选吃什么。A.‎ - 28 -‎ ‎ conveys传达；B. relates相关；C. submits提交；D. limits限制。分析文章内容可知，Cerf是一个不怎么做决定的人，他会做决定的事只有吃菜单上的第二项和决定自己和谁一起吃饭，由此判断Cerf只会在某些事情上做决定，即限制自己做决定的情况。故选D。‎ ‎【29题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然目前还不清楚，有什么科学原则作为这些建议基础。但不乏研究表明，选择有时候会比自由更让人困惑。A. evident显而易见的；B. unclear不确定的；C. critical关键性的；D. inevitable不可避免的。第二段第三行提到“Cerf has extended his ideas—which draw on some controversial ideas in psychology”，Cerf的研究结果是借鉴了一些具有争议的观点，而不是具有权威性的理论，因此Cerf这一结果的理论基础是不确定的。故选B。‎ ‎【30题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然目前还不清楚，有什么科学原则作为这些建议的基础。但不乏研究表明，选择有时候会比自由更让人困惑。A. confusing令人困惑的；B. inspiring鼓舞人心的；C. worrying担心的；D. appealing有吸引力的。分析文章可知，第四、五段提到了一个实验，如果只有三个巧克力的话人们很快就能选出自己喜欢的那一个，但如果有二十个选项的话人们反而不知道选择哪一个，即拥有更多的选项反而会让人无从选择。故选A。‎ ‎【31题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你非常喜欢士力架，那么选择杏仁巧克力还是牛奶巧克力就是一件无需动脑筋的事。A. stressor压力；B. no-brainer无需动脑的事；C. challenge挑战；D. headache头痛。分析文章可知，作为巧克力喜爱者在巧克力选项中二选一应该是一件很简单的事情。故选B。‎ ‎【32题详解】‎ 考查介词辨析。句意：而且，正如神经学家Paul Glimcher在纽约大学进行的一项实验所显示的那样，大多数情况都是这样的，直到引入更多的选择。A. after在……之后；B. before在……之前；C. when当……时候；D. until直到……才。第五段提到被试者被给出了20个选项来做出选择，在有着20个选项的时候，做决定就变成了一件非常困难的事情。故选D。‎ ‎【33题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当被试者在三种巧克力中选择一个最喜欢的时，对他们而言是完全没问题的，但当他们被给予20个选择时，有时候就会偏离他们的喜好。A. preference偏好；B. struggle挣扎；C. status状态；D. direction方向。该段最后一句提到“…make such - 28 -‎ ‎ a bad decision.”被试者会做出非常糟糕的决定，由此判断在选项很多的情况下，会导致人们不会选择自己喜欢的事物，这就导致被试者觉得自己做了一个不好的决定。故选A。‎ ‎【34题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：是明显不同的大脑区域参与决策。A. impressive令人印象深刻的；B. insignificant微不足道的；C. unique独特的；D. distinct与众不同的。前文提到“the way the brain encodes choices has a lot to do with how it values all its options.”大脑选择编码的方式与大脑如何看待所有的选项有很大的关系，即大脑在做不同抉择时所运用的大脑部分是不一样的。故选D。‎ ‎【35题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当选项可比较时，大脑会竭尽其所能专注于两者之间的区别，但当选项变多时，这种能力就会被排斥出来。A. crowd挤；B. figure认为；C. sort整理；分类；D. put放。第四、五段提到，当人们只用在三个选项中做出选择时，很快就能选择出自己喜欢的那一个，但如果在二十多个选项中人们就很难做出很好的选择，即做选择的能力就被削弱了，且此处为固定词组crowd out，意为“挤出；驱逐；排斥”。故选A。‎ Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B. C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.‎ ‎(A)‎ One spring day. once the flowers have begun to open, a bee will hover (盘旋)and zip through your yard and dive-bomb your picnic table. While you're thinking about avoiding an attack, that bee is focused on something else entirely: me.‎ A honeybee has about six weeks to live. Today, like most days, her task is to fly as many as three miles from home, stick her long, straw-like tongue into a hundred or so flowers. When the bee has had her fill, she'll fly home. There the bee will deposit what she has got into the mouth of one of her co-workers, who will relay it to another, and so on for about 20 minutes, until the mixture is ready to be placed into the comb. Then she and her 50.000 or so mates will hover in the dark all night every night, flapping their wings to create hot, breezy conditions to remove the water - 28 -‎ ‎ from the mixture. Several sunrises later, they will seal me off in a golden cell of beeswax. In her lifetime, our bee may visit 4.000 flowers, and yet will produce only one-twelfth of a tea spoon of me.‎ The average American consumes nearly a pound and a half of me every year, in tea, on toast, and beyond. If I do say so myself, I am a timeless treasure. Literally—I never go bad.‎ Unfortunately, my good health is not guaranteed. The problem lies in the growth of industrial agriculture and the use of pest control chemicals, as well as changes in weather patterns, all of which reduce the number of flowers bees have to visit. I'd appreciate your letting your own garden grow just a little wild. My future depends on all of us fostering spring and summers wild flowers, thus helping the bees, who give so much—to you, to me—without ever asking for anything in return.‎ ‎36. What does "me" refer to in the passage?‎ A. The flower. B. The bee.‎ C. Water. D. Honey.‎ ‎37. What is the 2nd paragraph mainly about?‎ A. Bees' special talent. B. Bees’ hard work.‎ C. Bees' living environment. D. Bees' social behavior.‎ ‎38. Which one of the following is true according to the passage?‎ A. A bee will always prioritize attacking picnic lovers.‎ B. Before "me" is sealed off in beeswax, the drying process can take a few nights.‎ C. The lifework of a bee satisfies the average demand of an American consumer annually.‎ D. Bees are more likely to visit those deliberately pest-controlled gardens.‎ ‎39. What is the purpose of the passage?‎ A. To appeal for help for honeybees.‎ B. To talk about the history of a treasure.‎ C. To put forward techniques for gardeners.‎ D. To argue against the control of chemicals.‎ ‎【答案】36. D 37. B 38. B 39. A ‎【解析】‎ - 28 -‎ 这是一篇记叙文。文章以蜂蜜自述。讲述了蜜蜂采蜜，酿蜜的过程。最后强调了工业化农业的发展对采蜜的影响以及寻求帮助。‎ ‎【36题详解】‎ 词义辨析题。根据第一段可知，当春季百花盛开，蜜蜂会在你的院子上盘旋或轰炸你的野餐。但当你在躲避攻击时，蜜蜂却完全在关注另外一件事。在根据第二段，大多数的日子里，蜜蜂会飞到离家三英里远的地方去采蜜。故综合分析：蜜蜂关注的是蜂蜜而不是人。故选D项。‎ ‎【37题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。根据第二段可知，蜜蜂要飞离家三英里的地方采蜜，采完密后还要加工。同时提到，一生中蜜蜂可能会采集4000多花。综合分析，整段都在讲蜜蜂的辛苦。故选B项。‎ ‎【38题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第3行中Several sunrises later, they will seal me off in a golden cell of beeswax可知，要成为最终的蜂蜡，要经过几个日出之后。故选B项。‎ ‎【39题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。分析最后一段可知，工业化农业的发展、害虫防治化学的使用以及气候的变化，都影响了蜜蜂的采蜜行为。最后表示感谢如果能让花园荒废点，蜜蜂的未来取决于所有人培育的春天和夏天的野花。综合分析可知，它们在寻求帮助。故选A项。‎ ‎(B)‎ Get Your Unlimited Card at Cineworld Cinemas Enjoy Unlimited Films Watch all the films you want at any Cineworld for just one monthly price. Being an Unlimited card holder gives you access to all the 2D films you can handle for one monthly price. Watch what you want, when you want, as many times as you want. Plus, save money when watching films in 3D and others. After you’ve been with us for more than 1 year we’ll upgrade you to a Premium Card and you’ll get into 3D films completely free too! Start enjoying today by using a temporary pass while you wait for your card to arrive in the post.‎ - 28 -‎ Save On Snacks And Drinks Get 10% off all in-cinema food and drink. Plus get 10% off at Cineworld Starbucks licensed stores. First year card holders get 10% off. Whilst Premium card holders get 25% off Cine world’s in-cinema food and drinks including, all drinks, popcorn, nachos, hotdogs, ice cream, pick n mix and much more. Plus all card holders get 10% discounts at Cineworld Starbucks licensed stores. All you need to do is show your card at the counter and your discount will be applied.‎ Recommend A Friend Unlimited members can get free months of membership when they recommend Unlimited to their friends!‎ Recommend Unlimited to your friends and we’ll give you free months of membership to say thank you. For every friend that signs up using your unique Recommend a Friend code you will both receive one month’s free membership once they have been an active Unlimited member for 90 days. The free month will be automatically added to the end of your current subscription. You can earn a maximum of 12 Free Months with your Recommend a Friend code, so recommend Unlimited to 12 friends and you could get a full year of free Unlimited cinema!‎ ‎40. The cinema names its membership card “Unlimited” because __________.‎ A. one can have the benefits for good upon joining the membership B. Cineworld members can enjoy as many 2D and 3D films as they like for free C. it frees a member from any regular payment to the movie tickets at Cineworld - 28 -‎ D. card holders can share limitless discounts and offers with friends and relatives ‎41. Which of the statement is TRUE according to the passage?‎ A. The benefits above are not available until the card is delivered.‎ B. Premium card holders can have 25% off at a licensed Starbucks.‎ C. Whoever persuades 6 friends into Unlimited can enjoy a half year of free membership.‎ D A second year of investment is worthwhile if you are a cinema goer.‎ ‎42. This passage is probably written to __________.‎ A. secure the loyalty of potential customers B. introduce the latest movies and discounts C. promote the popularity of Cineworld cinemas D. give away movie cards to readers for free ‎【答案】40. C 41. D 42. A ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了办理Cineworld无限卡的各种好处。‎ ‎【40题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据Enjoy Unlimited Films部分Being an Unlimited card holder gives you access to all the 2D films you can handle for one monthly price. Watch what you want, when you want, as many times as you want. Plus, save money when watching films in 3D and others.(作为一个无限持卡人，你可以用一个月的价格观看所有的2D电影。当你想看的时候，你想看多少次就看多少次。另外，看3D电影和其他类型的电影也可以省钱)可知，这家影院将其会员卡命名为“无限”，因为它免除了会员在Cineworld购买电影票的任何常规费用。故选C。‎ ‎【41题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据Enjoy Unlimited Films部分After you’ve been with us for more than 1 year we'll upgrade you to a Premium Card and you'll get into 3D films completely free too!(在你和我们在一起超过一年之后，我们将把你升级到高级卡，你也将完全免费进入3D电影！)可推断出，如果你是电影院的常客，第二年的投资是值得的。故选D。‎ ‎【42题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据文章的标题Get Your Unlimited Card at Cineworld - 28 -‎ ‎ Cinemas(在Cineworld电影院获得你的无限卡)以及各个段落的标题，可知这篇文章主要介绍了办理Cineworld无限卡的各种好处。由此推断出，这篇文章可能是为了确保潜在客户的忠实而写的。故选A。‎ ‎(C)‎ A rare hole has opened up in the ozone layer above the Arctic, in what scientists say is the result of unusually low temperatures in the atmosphere above the north pole.‎ The hole, which has been (racked from space and the ground over the past few days, has reached record dimensions, but is not expected to pose any danger to humans unless it moves further south. If it extends further south overpopulated areas, such as southern Greenland, people would be at increased risk of sunburn.‎ However, on current trends the hole is expected to disappear altogether in a few weeks.‎ Low temperatures in the northern polar regions led to an unusual stable polar vortex（极地漩涡），and the presence of ozone-destroying chemicals such as chlorine（氯）in the atmosphere -- from human activities - caused the hole to form.‎ ‎“The hole is principally a geophysical curiosity." said Vincent-Henri Peuch. director of the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service. "We monitored unusual dynamic（动态的）conditions, which drive the process of chemical depletion of ozone. Those dynamics allowed for lower temperatures and a more stable vortex than usual over the Arctic, which then triggered the formation of polar stratospheric（平流层的）clouds and the catalytic（催化的）destruction of ozone."‎ The hole is not related to the Covid-19 shutdowns that have dramatically cut air pollution and reduced greenhouse gas emissions. It is also too early to say whether the unusually stable Arctic polar vortex conditions are linked with the climate crisis, or part of normal stratospheric weather variability.‎ Peuch said there were no direct implications for the climate crisis. Temperatures in the region are already increasing, slowing the depletion of ozone, and the hole will start to recover as polar air mixes with ozone-rich air from lower latitudes. The last time similar conditions were observed was in spring 2011.‎ While a hole over the Arctic is a rare event, the much larger hole in the ozone layer over the Antarctic has been a major cause for concern for more than four decades.‎ - 28 -‎ ‎ The production of ozone-depleting chemicals has been dramatically reduced, under the 1987 Montreal Protocol 蒙特利尔协议），but some sources appear still to be functioning—in 2018. unauthorized emissions were detected from some areas.‎ New sources of ozone-depleting chemicals were not a factor in the hole observed in the Arctic, said Peuch. "However, this is a reminder that one should not take the Montreal Protocol measures for granted, and that observations from the ground and from satellites are central to avoid a situation where the ozone-destroying chemical level in the stratosphere could increase again.''‎ ‎43. What is the possible meaning of the underlined word "depletion"?‎ A. replacement B. consumption C. increase D. production ‎44. According to the passage, scientists are concerned about the hole because .‎ A. it is expected to be a threat to the mankind B. the new hole is caused by air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions C. it may encourage further scientific research and environmental awareness D. it warns us of an oncoming climate crisis ‎45. What can be learned from the last two paragraphs?‎ A. The hole over the Arctic shares the same causes as the one over the Antarctic.‎ B. Human activities are highly responsible for producing ozone-destroying chemicals.‎ C. The Montreal Protocol has successfully prevented new emissions.‎ D. Some new illegal emissions are to blame for the hole over the Arctic.‎ ‎46. The best title for the passage is probably .‎ A. Record-size Hole Opens in Ozone Layer above the Arctic B. Actions Urgently Needed for a New Hole in Ozone Layer C. Environmental Disaster and International Cooperation D. How a Hole in Ozone Affects our Life on Earth ‎【答案】43. B 44. C 45. B 46. A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ - 28 -‎ 这是一篇说明文。北极上空的臭氧层出现了一个罕见的空洞，科学家说这是北极上空大气异常低温的结果。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ 词意猜测题。根据划线词后的句子Those dynamics allowed for lower temperatures and a more stable vortex than usual over the Arctic, which then triggered the formation of polar stratospheric（平流层的）clouds and the catalytic（催化的）destruction of ozone.可知，在北极与平常相比，这些动力学允许较低的温度和较稳定的旋涡，这就触发极地平流层云的形成，并催化臭氧层的毁灭。由此可以看出，depletion of ozone与destruction of ozone是相似的意思，再结合选项，可知consumption（消耗）符合语境，意为“臭氧层的消耗”。故选B。‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段but is not expected to pose any danger to humans unless it moves further south.可知，除非它进一步向南移动，否则不会对人类造成任何危险。因此A项“它将对人类构成威胁”的说法不对；根据第五段The hole is not related to the Covid-19 shutdowns that have dramatically cut air pollution and reduced greenhouse gas emissions.这个空洞与Covid-19 shutdowns无关，Covid-19 shutdowns大大减少了空气污染和温室气体排放，因此B项“这个新的空洞是空气污染和温室气体排放造成的”这个表达不对；根据第六段Peuch said there were no direct implications for the climate crisis.可知，Peuch说，对气候危机没有直接影响，因此D项“它警告我们有即将到来的气候危机”不对。已经排除了A、B和D项，故选C。‎ ‎【45题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段While a hole over the Arctic is a rare event, the much larger hole in the ozone layer over the Antarctic has been a major cause for concern for more than four decades.可知，北极出现空洞是罕见的，南极的大一些的空洞四十多年来，一直是人们关注的主要问题。根据这个表达看不出“北极和南极的空洞有相同的起因”，故A不对；根据倒数第二段The production of ozone-depleting chemicals has been dramatically reduced, under the 1987 Montreal Protocol 蒙特利尔协议），but some sources appear still to be functioning—in 2018. unauthorized emissions were detected from some areas.可知，在1987年签订的《蒙特利尔协议》的约束下，产生的消耗臭氧层的化学物质已经急剧减少，但一些来源仍然在起作用：2018年，从一些区域探测到了未经授权的排放。因此，《蒙特利尔协议》没有成功阻止新的排放，故C不对；根据最后一段New sources - 28 -‎ ‎ of ozone-depleting chemicals were not a factor in the hole observed in the Arctic可知，消耗臭氧层化学物质的新来源，不是在北极观察到的洞里的一个因素。因此，“北极上空的空洞应该归咎于一些新的非法排放物”，这个描述是不对的，因此D不对；根据第三段the presence of ozone-destroying chemicals such as chlorine（氯）in the atmosphere -- from human activities - caused the hole to form.可知，破坏臭氧层的化学物质的存在，导致了这个洞的形成，比如大气中的氯——是人类活动产生的，所以“人类活动是产生破坏臭氧的化学物质的主要原因”是对的。故选B。‎ ‎【46题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。根据第一段A rare hole has opened up in the ozone layer above the Arctic, in what scientists say is the result of unusually low temperatures in the atmosphere above the north pole.可知，北极上空的臭氧层出现了一个罕见的空洞，科学家说这是北太平洋上空大气异常低温的结果。由此可知，“北极上空出现罕见臭氧层空洞”可以作为文章标题，故选A。‎ ‎【点睛】概括主旨的方法是：先看首尾或各段开头再看全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，就通过关键词句来概括(如议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词句，记叙文寻找概括情节和中心的动词或反映人物特点的形容词)。文中出现两种或两种以上的不同观点时，务必牢记作者的观点才是体现全文中心的。该文是一篇科技类文章，介绍一种自然现象，该类文章的中心一般就在第一段。因此，考生直接抓住第一段中的“A rare hole has opened up in the ozone layer above the Arctic, in what scientists say is the result of unusually low temperatures in the atmosphere above the north pole.”即可找到文章中心。‎ Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.‎ People like to post their selfies(自拍!on social media. To know more about it, scientists at Syracuse University in New York recently did a research and came up with some surprising findings.‎ People who post selfies and use editing software to make themselves look better show behaviors connected to narcissism, the researchers said. ___47___ Makana Chock, a professor from Syracuse University, said because social media is mostly used by - 28 -‎ ‎ people to share unimportant information about their lives, it is a good place for people to "work towards satisfying their own vanity.'' Those “likes" under their Facebook selfies make them feel good.‎ ‎___48___ Some people feel "peer pressure" to post selfies and some follow the popular belief that if there is no picture of an event or experience, it did not really happen. "Anyway, it shouldn't be seen as negative. People get sense of satisfaction especially when they get likes. And it does no harm," Chock said.‎ Other findings from the study include: There are no major differences on how often men and women post selfies and how often they use editing software. ___49___‎ Chock said posting selfies on social media is not all that different from what people have done for many years. On trips and special events, our parents and grandparents used cameras instead of phones to take photos. They would bring back photos to show friends and family. You had no choice but to look at them. You probably commented about how nice everyone in the photos looked, especially children and the person showing the photos. They were happy to hear your comments. ___50___ On social media, however, people can decide not to look at photos --even if they click “like".‎ A. Taking selfies is definitely one experience that many people like doing and sharing with the online world.‎ B. People who post group selfies also show a need for popularity and a need to belong to a group.‎ C. Narcissists are people who think very highly of themselves, especially how they look.‎ D. That was the old way of "clicking like".‎ E. The drive to take selfies can nevertheless do some good to society as a whole.‎ F. But men who post selfies showed more of a need to be seen as popular than women did.‎ ‎【答案】47. C 48. B 49. F 50. D ‎【解析】‎ - 28 -‎ 这是一篇说明文。讲述一些研究者对喜欢将自拍照放到网络上的行为进行研究，并且得出了一些惊人的发现。‎ ‎【47题详解】‎ 根据前句“研究人员称，那些上传自拍照并使用编辑软件使自己看起来更好的人表现出了与自恋有关的行为”承接上文，C选项“自恋者是那些非常看重自己的人，尤其是他们的长相”。和上文构成递进进一步说明。切题。故选C项。‎ ‎【48题详解】‎ 根据后文的People get sense of satisfaction especially when they get likes可知，当人们收到点赞时会很满足。B选项中的show a need for popularity刚好和下文的“获得点赞感到满足”契合。故选B项。‎ ‎【49题详解】‎ 根据前句“男性和女性上传自拍照的频率和使用编辑软件的频率并没有太大区别”。前后转折，选项F“但相比于女性，上传自拍照的男性更需要被视为受欢迎” 。切题。故选F项。‎ ‎【50题详解】‎ 划线前提到：家里人给你看照片，除了好评之外你别无选择。选项D“这是老式的点赞方式”。中的that刚好可以指代前面对照片的评价方式。切题。故选D项。‎ IV. Summary Writing ‎51.Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.‎ It's natural to feel the need to control something when everything around you feels out of control, and you feel helpless. When a friend of mine first heard about the coronavirus outbreak, she got down on her hands and knees and cleaned her kitchen floor. She told me, “My floor wasn't even dirty, but doing something constructive made me feel in control and that I was holding on to my power, despite the desperate circumstances.”‎ Your most powerful weapon against uncertainty is your perspective because nobody and no situation can take that from you unless you give it away. Your perspective can victimize or empower you. When you look for the upside in a downside situation and figure out what you can control and what you can't, it's easier to accept whatever is beyond your control.‎ ‎【答案】For reference:‎ - 28 -‎ Strengthening or retrieving a sense of control is a natural demand. First, good perspective is of the greatest help, for evaluating the situation properly brings a clearer picture. Second, kind behaviors during tough times can secure you a sense of control as well. Third, actions and thoughts of positivity also help as they may create hope and optimism.‎ It's essential to feel you can control something in a crisis or emergency. Positive perspective is the most important, since it will ensure you confidence and power to pull through the difficult situation. Then doing small good deeds can free you from worry temporarily by helping others. Lastly, take some positive action to arouse the hope within you.‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文考查概要写作。这是一篇说明文。文章陈述了加强或恢复控制感是一种自然的需求。文章陈述了几种方法来加强或恢复控制感。‎ ‎【详解】‎ 本文是一篇读写任务型的作文，要求写出文章的主题大意和要点，要写全要点，抓住重点，要使用自己比较熟悉的词汇、短语和句型，恰当使用过渡词和连接词，以使文章连贯、流畅。要尽量使用高级词汇和句型、各种从句以及非谓语动词等高级形式，以体现较高的写作水平。本文写作时人称以第三人称为主，时态采用一般现在时。‎ V Translation ‎52. 我们从来没有像现在这样渴望上学。‎ ‎53. 既然你只能呆在家里，为什么不做你喜欢但又没时间做的事呢？‎ ‎54. 在欧洲，许多咖啡馆作为社会交往的理想场所，不得不关闭商店以应对公共卫生危机。‎ ‎55. 事实证明，当我们国家面临困难时，每一个中国人，无论在国内还是国外，都愿意为祖国作出贡献。‎ ‎【答案】52. Never before have we been so eager /keen to go to school as we are now. ‎ ‎53. Why not do something you love but don't have time to do since you can only sta - 28 -‎ y at home? ‎ ‎54. In Europe many coffee houses which serve as ideal places for social interaction have to close their stores to respond to the public health crisis. ‎ ‎55. It turns out that when our country is facing difficulties, every Chinese, whether at home or abroad, is willing to make contributions to their motherland.‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎【52题详解】‎ 考查动词短语和部分倒装。分析句子可知，never 为否定词，放在句首，后面的句子用部分倒装（助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语），又因为固定短语：be eager/keen to do sth.(渴望)。根据分析，主语为we，谓语为be eager / keen to go ，宾语为school。在根据其他翻译，故翻译为：Never before have we been so eager /keen to go to school as we are now。‎ ‎【53题详解】‎ 考查固定短语和since引导的原因状语从句。分析句子可知，本句为since引导的原因状语从句。Why not“为什么不”，后面加动词的原形。Why not后面插了一个定语从句用以修饰something。再根据整个句子的时态为一般现在时。故翻译为：Why not do something you love but don't have time to do since you can only stay at home?‎ ‎【54题详解】‎ 考查定语从句和动词短语。分析句子可知，咖啡馆后面需加一个定语从句来修饰它。动词短语server as (作为)是定语从句的动词。respond to (应对)作为主句的不定式表示目的。分析句意，整句的时态为一般现在时。再根据其他中文提示，故翻译为：In Europe many coffee houses which serve as ideal places for social interaction have to close their stores to respond to the public health crisis.‎ ‎【55题详解】‎ 考查形式主语、时间状语从句和动词短语。分析句子，“事实证明”后面的从句为形式主语的真正主语。turn out(证明是，结果是)为形式主语的谓语，it为形式主语的主语。真正的主语部分，包含了一个由when引导的时间状语从句。从句中whether….or (是……还是)。句子的整体时态是一般现在时，在根据其他汉语提示。故翻译为：It turns out that when our country is facing difficulties, every Chinese, whether at home or abroad, is willing to make contributions to their motherland.‎ - 28 -‎ - 28 -‎ - 28 -‎