2021届通用版高考英语一轮语法复习专练学案：考点十三语法填空练习 31页

专题二　语法运用 三年全国卷考情分析 考点考频 名词　3年10考 代词 3年3考 冠词 3年7考 介词 3年8考 形容词/副词　3年5考 连词 3年9考 动词 3年16考 非谓语动词 3年20考 引导词 3年10考 预测说明 从考点考频来看，预计2020年高考题将保持近三年的难度，主要以考查动词、名词、介词和副词为主，适度增加对连词的考查，其中动词的时态和非谓语动词形式是难点 解题流程 通读全文，了解主旨大意→尝试填空，解决较易空格→分析结构，各个击破→重读全文，修正错误 考点十三　语法填空 Passage 1‎ 限时8分钟 Chinese has overtaken French, Spanish and German to become one of the most lucrative (赚钱的) foreign __1__ (language) for job seekers in the UK. Research shows graduates in Chinese earn an average __2__ (year) salary of ￡31,000 (270,000 yuan) or more.‎ For students today, struggling with rising debt, __3__ degree in Chinese promises to set them apart in the workplace.‎ Chinese students set __4__ (they) up for a different university experience from their peers (同辈) who are taking traditional essay subjects. While an English student may have as little as six hours of contact time a week, those studying Chinese __5__ (be) in class for most of the day. ‎ Hannah Jackson graduated in Chinese Studies from Sheffield‎ ‎University in 2009. She describes her course __6__ “majorly nervous”. In the second week of her first year, she was __7__ (suppose) to know more than someone who had taken Chinese at ALevel. ‎ Hannah studied Chinese __8__ (know) she wanted a job working in business in China. She graduated at the height of the recession (衰退) and went to look for a job in Shanghai, __9__ she found more employment opportunities. ‎ ‎“Studying Chinese definitely makes you more marketable in the workplace. People ‎ I studied Chinese with have found it __10__ (easy) to find a job，” she said.‎ ‎1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________‎ ‎5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________‎ ‎9．________　10.________‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍的是对英国人来说，学好汉语对找工作有很大帮助。‎ ‎1．languages　考查名词。“one of the＋名词”结构，其中的名词用复数形式。‎ ‎2．yearly　考查词性转换。yearly salary “年薪”。‎ ‎3．a　考查冠词。a degree “一种学位”。‎ ‎4．themselves　考查代词。当宾语与主语是同一个人或同一些人时，用反身代词作宾语。‎ ‎5．are　考查主谓一致。those在句中作主语，且此处描述一个基本事实。‎ ‎6．as　考查介词。describe ... as ... “把……描述为……”。‎ ‎7．supposed　考查固定搭配。be supposed to do sth. “应该做某事”，且由时间状语“... of her first year”可知，本句应用一般过去时。‎ ‎8．knowing　考查非谓语动词。作伴随状语，且由句子主语Hannah和know之间存在主动关系可知，应用动词ing形式。‎ ‎9．where　考查定语从句的引导词。关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，修饰先行词Shanghai。‎ ‎10．easier　考查形容词比较级。此处表示学习中文的人更容易就业，应用形容词的比较级作宾语补足语。‎ Passage 2‎ 限时6分钟 Nowadays more and more people like to travel, __1__ (especial) when vacations come. A great number of people rush out of their homes or companies to __2__ (travel) spots. They either drive or take a bus, a train, a ship __3__ so on. Some even ride bikes.‎ However, there __4__ (be) another way of travelling—poorism. People have a tour in __5__ poorest areas of the world. Some people may take a oneday poorest tour, and some even pay to stay in very poor neighborhoods __6__ (experience) the lowest living standards in the world. Poorism tours take place around the world, and not just in the third world __7__ (country). You can, for instance, tour New York neighborhoods in the Bronx. Such tours can take people into the heart of poor areas. These tours may awaken people to pay __8__ (much) attention to longstanding poverty, or the effects of war.‎ Some think that tours in the poor areas can raise social care. And the money from the tour can __9__ (donate) to help the people __10__ live there.‎ ‎1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________‎ ‎5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________‎ ‎9．________　10.________‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了另一种旅游形式——贫困之旅。人们在世界上最贫穷的地区进行旅游，这些旅行可能会使人们更多地关注长期存在的贫困现象，注意到战争的负面影响。‎ ‎1．especially　考查词性转换。此处是副词修饰when引导的时间状语从句，故答案为especially。‎ ‎2．travelling/traveling　考查非谓语动词。句意：很多人冲出家门或公司去旅游景点。此处是动名词作定语，修饰spots，故答案为travelling/traveling。‎ ‎3．and　考查连词。固定结构：and so on等等。故答案为and。‎ ‎4．is　考查动词的时态和语态。此处是there be句型，句子主语是another way of travelling，故谓语动词应用单数第三人称形式，并且介绍的是一般情况，故用一般现在时，故答案为is。‎ ‎5．the　考查定冠词。此处是形容词最高级，前面用定冠词the，故答案为the。‎ ‎6．to experience　考查动词不定式。句意：有些人可能会参加为期一天的“最贫困之旅”，有些人甚至花钱住在非常贫困的社区，体验世界上最低的生活水平。此处是动词不定式作目的状语，故答案为to experience。‎ ‎7．countries　考查名词的复数。第三世界的国家不止一个，所以名词用复数形式，故答案为countries。‎ ‎8．more　考查比较级。句意：这些旅行可能会唤醒人们更多地关注长期存在的贫困和战争的影响。结合句意可知，句子用比较级，故答案为more。‎ ‎9．be donated　考查含情态动词的被动语态。句意：旅游所得的钱可以捐赠给生活在那里的人们。此处money和donate之间是被动关系，can已经给出，故答案为be donated。‎ ‎10．who/that　考查定语从句的引导词。此处people是先行词，指人，引导词在后面的定语从句中作主语，故答案为who/that。‎ Passage 3‎ 限时8分钟 Alfred Alder, a famous psychiatrist, had __1__ interesting experience. When he was a small boy he got off to a poor start in arithmetic (算术). His teacher got the idea that he had no ability in arithmetic, and told his parents __2__ she thought in order that they would not expect too much of him. In this way, they also ‎ developed the idea, “Isn't __3__ too bad that Alfred can't do arithmetic？” He accepted their mistaken estimate of his ability, __4__ (feel) that it was useless to try, and that he was very poor at arithmetic, just as they expected.‎ ‎ One day he became very angry at the teacher and the other students because they laughed when he said he knew how to solve a problem which none of the other students had been able to solve. ‎ Alder succeeded __5__ solving the problem. This gave him __6__ (confident). He rejected the idea that he could not do arithmetic and was __7__ (determine) to show them that he could. His anger and his newfound faith stimulated him to go at arithmetic problems with a new spirit. He now worked with interest, determination, and purpose, and he soon became __8__ (extraordinary) good at arithmetic. He not only proved that he could do arithmetic, but (also) learned early in life from his own experience, __9__ a person goes at a job __10__ determination and purpose, he may astonish himself as well as others by his ability. ‎ ‎1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________‎ ‎5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________‎ ‎9．________　10.________‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了精神科医生艾尔弗雷德·奥尔德幼年时学数学的有趣经历。‎ ‎1．an　考查冠词。experience作“(一次)经历”讲时为可数名词，在本句中表示泛指，故用不定冠词。又由interesting的发音是以元音音素开头的可知，填an。‎ ‎2．what　考查宾语从句的连接词。“__2__she thought”为宾语从句，该从句中缺少宾语，且表示“……的事情”，故用what引导。‎ ‎3．it　考查it作形式主语。设空处应为形式主语，后面的that从句为真正的主语，故用it。‎ ‎4．feeling　考查非谓语动词。设空处前为完整的句子，且与后面结构之间没有连词，故判断设空处应为非谓语动词，且作状语。逻辑主语he与feel之间为主动关系，且与accepted同时发生，故设空处应填现在分词的一般式。‎ ‎5．in　考查固定搭配。succeed in doing sth.为固定结构，意为“成功做某事”。‎ ‎6．confidence　考查词性转换。give sb.sth.为固定结构，故设空处应用名词作宾语，confident的名词形式为confidence。‎ ‎7．determined　考查固定搭配。be determined to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“决心做某事”。‎ ‎8．extraordinarily　考查词性转换。设空处前为系动词，后为形容词，由此可判断设空处应为副词，作状语，修饰形容词good。extraordinary的副词形式为extraordinarily。‎ ‎9．if　考查连词。句意：他不仅证明自己能做算术题，而且在他年轻时就从自己的经历中得知，如果一个人意志坚定地去做一件事，他有可能靠着自己的能力使自己和别人感到吃惊。设空处所填词连接宾语从句，作learned的宾语。该宾语从句中又含有一个状语从句，即“__9__ a person goes at a job __10__ determination and purpose”，根据上下文逻辑可知，设空处表示条件，故用if引导。‎ ‎10．with　考查介词。with表示行为方式，意为“以……，带着”。又如：fight with courage “英勇作战”。‎ Passage 4‎ 限时8分钟 Today my daughter and I went to a parking lot __1__ (sell) some of our eggs. It's an __2__ (extreme) cold day. As we pulled into the parking lot, there was a man __3__ (sit) on the roadside, holding his bike, and he held up a paper plate on __4__ he had written “will work for food”．‎ He was still there as we left the parking lot, and I asked my daughter “should we get him some food or some money？” and she said “yes, let's.”‎ So I pulled up next __5__ him, got out of the car, and gave him all my egg money. I still had another dozen __6__ (egg) in the car, so I asked if he wanted them, __7__ unexpectedly, he said no. He still had half a dozen and he didn't want __8__ (donate) from others more than he needed.‎ I felt __9__ (freeze) through and through just standing there talking with him for a minute, and he must be sitting there for hours. I'm glad we __10__ (stop), I'm glad I got out of the car and talked with him for a minute. I hope he has a warm place to sleep tonight.‎ ‎1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________‎ ‎5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________‎ ‎9．________　10.________‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文中讲述了“我”和女儿遇到并帮助流浪汉的故事。‎ ‎1．to sell　考查非谓语动词。此处用动词不定式作目的状语，表示她们去卖鸡蛋。‎ ‎2．extremely　考查词性转换。此处extreme要修饰形容词cold，故用副词形式。‎ ‎3．sitting　考查非谓语动词。sitting是现在分词形式，此处用作定语，修饰man。‎ ‎4．which　考查定语从句的引导词。此处所填关系词前有介词，which指前面的paper plate。‎ ‎5．to　考查介词。此处是固定搭配next to (在……旁边)。‎ ‎6．eggs　考查名词复数。egg前面有another dozen修饰，故此处egg应该用复数。‎ ‎7．but　考查连词。根据下文句意可知，令人出乎意料地，他拒绝了。此处应是转折关系，故用but。‎ ‎8．donation(s)　考查词性转换。此处用名词donation(s)作want的宾语。‎ ‎9．frozen　考查非谓语动词。此处的frozen是过去分词，表示“感到寒冷的”“冻僵的”。‎ ‎10．stopped　考查动词的时态。此处stop是指之前作者正准备走时，看到这个人还在那里而停下来和他说话，所以是过去时态。‎ Passage 5‎ 限时6分钟 More and more middle school students are going to all kinds of training classes or __1__ (have) family teachers at weekends. There are two different viewpoints __2__ it.‎ Some think __3__ necessary. First of all, it's __4__ (effective) to study with a teacher than by themselves. Secondly, it can strengthen __5__ they have learned in class. Besides, they can learn a lot more. Others think it __6__ (necessary). For one thing, students can easily form the habit of dependence. For __7__， students need time to relax from time to time. What's more, the purpose of many training classes and family teachers __8__ (be) to make money.‎ In my opinion, whether a training class or family teacher __9__ (need) just depends. Be sure to choose a good and __10__ (suit) class or teacher, or it would be a waste of time and money.‎ ‎1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________‎ ‎5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________‎ ‎9．________　10.________‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。如今越来越多的中学生开始参加各种各样的培训班或者请家教。人们对此持有不同的观点。‎ ‎1．having　考查并列结构的省略。句意：越来越多的中学生开始在周末参加各种各样的辅导班或者请家教。分析句子结构可知，or连接两个相同的成分：are going与are having。为了避免重复，省去第二个并列成分中的助动词are，故填having。‎ ‎2．on　考查介词。句意：人们对此有两种不同的意见。根据句意可知，填介词on，意为“关于”。‎ ‎3．it　考查代词。句意：一些人认为这是有必要的。根据句意可知，设空处指代上文提到的上辅导班或者请家教这件事。故填代词it。‎ ‎4．more effective　考查形容词的比较级。句意：首先，有老师辅导比自学效率更高。根据下文中的提示词than可知，此处应用比较级。effective是多音节形容词，故填more effective。‎ ‎5．what　考查宾语从句的连接词。句意：其次，这样可以巩固他们在课堂上所学的内容。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作宾语，且意为“……的事物(东西)”。故填what。‎ ‎6．unnecessary　考查词形转换。句意：另外一些人认为这没有必要。此处表述第二种观点，即相反的观点，故此处应该为否定意义。故填necessary的反义词unnecessary，意为“没必要的”。‎ ‎7．another　考查固定搭配。句意：一方面，学生容易养成依赖的习惯；另一方面，学生们偶尔也需要时间放松。for one thing ..., for another ... 为固定搭配，意为“一方面……，另一方面……”。故填another。‎ ‎8．is　考查主谓一致。句意：况且，许多辅导班和家教的目的就是为了赚钱。分析句子结构可知，句子的主语是the purpose，为第三人称单数。故填is。‎ ‎9．is needed　考查动词的时态和语态。句意：依我看，是否需要上辅导班或者请家教要视情况而定。本句主语是whether引导的主语从句，从句中的主语a training class or family teacher与动词need之间存在被动关系，主语为单数，且此处描述作者的观点，应用一般现在时。故填is needed。‎ ‎10．suitable　考查词性转换。句意：一定要选一个好的、合适的辅导班或者老师，要不然就是浪费时间和金钱。修饰名词应用形容词suitable。‎ Passage 6‎ 限时6分钟 It has been __1__ (exact) one year since I returned from Senegal. Volunteering has helped me understand __2__ is important to me and how to live a happy life.‎ In the past, I __3__ (follow) the common path：from school to university. It's not that I didn't enjoy these experiences, but that I had been led down that path by the expectations from my parents and teachers rather than my own ambitions. Therefore, after __4__ (graduate) from university, I decided to achieve something more __5__ (benefit), something that would help the wider community.‎ ‎__6__ (apply) for International Citizen Service, then I went to Kaolack, Senegal with Y Care International, where I worked __7__ a member of a team of UK and Senegalese volunteers helping improve the lives of the local young people. I spent time working on the Act 2 Live Project and assisting all kinds of similar ‎ __8__ (organize) in their work to improve the lives of the poor. By far, the most rewarding aspect of my volunteering was supporting the amazing people of Kaolack.‎ Working on __9__ wide variety of tasks and living in a different culture have a positive effect on my development. Thanks to volunteering, I was able __10__ (find) confidence as a young adult, learn new skills and enrich my life.‎ ‎1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________‎ ‎5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________‎ ‎9．________　10.________‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了作者做志愿者的原因以及做志愿者对作者的益处。‎ ‎1．exactly　考查词性转换。此处用副词exactly修饰动词“has been”。‎ ‎2．what　考查名词性从句。what在此处引导宾语从句，并且在从句中作主语。‎ ‎3．followed　考查动词的时态。根据上文中的短语“In the past”可知，本句描述的是过去的事情，故用一般过去时。‎ ‎4．graduating　考查非谓语动词。此处“after”是介词，故后面接动名词形式。‎ ‎5．beneficial　考查词性转换。本空与“more”构成形容词比较级，并且作不定代词something的后置定语，故用benefit的形容词形式beneficial。‎ ‎6．Having applied　考查非谓语动词。根据本句中的逻辑主语“I”与“apply”是主谓关系，而且表示的动作早于谓语动词发生可知，此处应该用apply现在分词的完成式作状语，故此处填入Having applied。‎ ‎7．as　考查介词。work as表示“从事……工作”。‎ ‎8．organizations　考查词性转换。由关键词“all kinds of”和“their”可知，本空应填入organize的名词复数形式organizations。‎ ‎9．a　考查冠词。a wide variety of意为“多种多样的”。‎ ‎10．to find　考查非谓语动词。be able to do sth.意为“能够做某事”。‎ Passage 7‎ 限时7分钟 I can well remember that I was once asked to deliver a speech titled “A Real Test in My Life” before the whole class at the age of 9! You can imagine how __1__ (terrible) shy I was the moment I thought of that with so many eyes __2__ (fix) upon me. I had no __3__ (choose) but to prepare for it, though. First of all, I was to draft the speech, which was just a piece of cake for me, a good writer. But the hard part __4__ (lie) in my oral presentation from my memory—for to read from the paper was not allowed. The real moment began __5__ I stood on the platform ‎ with my legs trembling and my mind blank. But my __6__ (listen) were still waiting patiently without any signs of rushing me. Gradually I found myself back, giving out my speech with difficulty. After what seemed to be a hundred years, I found my audience applauding—I made __7__！ From then on, my fear of talking before an audience __8__ (appear). Actually with my confidence built up, I now turn out to be a great speaker. Looking back, I know the greatest difficulty on our way __9__ success is our fear. Overcome it, __10__ we will be able to achieve our goals.‎ ‎1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________‎ ‎5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________‎ ‎9．________　10.________‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者九岁那年第一次当众演讲，十分恐惧和害羞，但是最终成功了。从此，作者明白了一个道理：人生路上，只有克服恐惧，才能实现目标。‎ ‎1．terribly　考查词性转换。句意：你能想象，我一想到要在那么多双眼睛的注视下演讲，我是多么害羞。形容词shy需要副词来修饰，此处terribly意为“很，非常，极度”，故填terribly。‎ ‎2．fixed　考查非谓语动词。由短语fix one's eyes on ... 可知fix和eyes之间存在动宾关系，故用fix的过去分词形式。‎ ‎3．choice　考查词性转换。句意：然而，我没有别的选择，只能为演讲做好准备。no后应接名词，故填choice。‎ ‎4．lay　考查动词的时态。此处表示但是困难的部分在于作者的口头陈述。由语境可知，这是对过去事情的回忆，故用一般过去时。表示“在于”时，lie的过去式是lay。‎ ‎5．when　考查状语从句的连接词。句意：当我站在讲台上双腿发抖，大脑一片空白时，真正(考验我)的时刻到了。根据句意可知，此处需要填时间状语从句的连接词when，意为“当……的时候”。‎ ‎6．listeners　考查词性转换。句意：但是我的听众们还在耐心地等我，没有催促我的迹象。形容词性物主代词后要跟名词，故用名词listener，意为“听众”；由后面的谓语动词were可知，此处应填其复数形式。‎ ‎7．it　考查固定短语。make it意为“获得成功；准时到达”，为固定短语。‎ ‎8．disappeared　考查词形转换和动词的时态。根据上下文可知，作者在第一次演讲中克服了恐惧，故填appear的反义词disappear，意为“消失”；因为该动作发生在过去，故填disappeared。‎ ‎9．to　考查固定短语。句意：回首过去，我知道在我们通往成功的路上最大的困难就是我们的恐惧。on one's way to意为“在某人通往……的路上”，为固定短语。‎ ‎10．and　考查连词。句意：克服了它，我们就能实现我们的目标。这里运用了“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”的句型，本句中的陈述句表顺承的结果，需填and。‎ Passage 8‎ 限时7分钟 Tyler Thompson is __1__ unlikely star in the world of Peking Opera.The 15yearold from Oakland has fascinated audiences in the US and China with his ability __2__ (sing) pitchperfect Mandarin (普通话) and perform the ancient Chinese art form. The teen, __3__ is black and only speaks some basic Chinese, has been praised by teachers since he __4__ (pick) up the music as a kindergartener.“As soon as he opens __5__ (he) mouth and sings in Chinese, the Chinese are very surprised and they feel very proud of him，” said his music teacher. “When he puts on the costume and all the acting, you can see that he is pretty good.”‎ Tyler has learned to sing several wellknown pieces of Peking Opera, a centuriesold form of musical theater __6__ (know) for its highly structured costumes, changing gongs (锣) and cymbals (钹), wideranging voices and highly stylized __7__ (move). Tyler got __8__ (stand) cheers when he performed __9__ Justice Bao, a famous Song Dynasty judge who fought corruption, from the Chinese classic Bao Qingtian.“The music is very beautiful, and it's very passionate，” said Tyler. “It's made me __10__ (want) to know more about the world outside of America or California or Oakland.”‎ ‎1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________‎ ‎5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________‎ ‎9．________　10.________‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文中主要介绍了一个擅长表演京剧的外国青少年的故事。‎ ‎1．an　考查冠词。star是可数名词，且第一次在文章中出现，故用不定冠词修饰；形容词unlikely的读音以元音音素开头，故用an。‎ ‎2．to sing　考查非谓语动词。ability to do sth.意为“做某事的能力”，为固定搭配，故用不定式作后置定语。‎ ‎3．who　考查定语从句的连接词。who引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词The teen。‎ ‎4．picked　考查动词的时态。since意为“自从”时，引导的状语从句中，从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时。‎ ‎5．his　考查代词。根据mouth和主语he可知，此处应用形容词性物主代词his修饰名词mouth，在句子中作定语。‎ ‎6．known　考查非谓语动词。know和句子谓语之间没有连词，故用非谓语动词，且know和其逻辑主语form之间存在动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。‎ ‎7．movements　考查词性转换。根据and可知，此处与名词voices呼应，故用名词的复数形式，即movements。‎ ‎8．standing　考查非谓语动词。由空后的名词cheers可知，此处standing为动名词，作定语，意为“站着进行的”，表示Tyler得到了(观众的)起立欢呼。‎ ‎9．as　考查介词。此处as意为“作为”，后跟名词、代词或动名词，与performed呼应，表示扮演的角色，符合语境。‎ ‎10．want　考查非谓语动词。make sb. do sth. “使某人做某事”，应用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。故填want。‎ Passage 9‎ 限时8分钟 Looking around the streets of London, you'll see many people on different means of transport, __1__ it's on a commute to work, a trip to the shops, or a sightseeing.‎ Scooter, this traditional children vehicle __2__ (become) more sophisticated over the past years. And now, __3__ the addition of a small electric motor, it's become a cheap and easy mode of transport. Being fun and not involving much effort, scooting is getting __4__ (increase) popular around the world.‎ However, safety problems arise. __5__ scooter riders have been seen on pavements; others on the road jumping red traffic lights, adding to the frustration of motorists __6__ (stick) in jams. In the UK, the law states that riding one on the public highway or pavement __7__ (forbid). Now riders, facing a ￡300 fixedpenalty notice and six points on their driving licence for doing so, are calling on __8__ (regulate) to be changed.‎ Despite the fact that some of them can exceed ‎30mph, they only have one brake and no lights. __9__ confident the rider may be, larger vehicles on the road make them easily hurt. So it seems more work requires __10__ (do) to give escooters a safe and legal space to travel.‎ ‎1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________‎ ‎5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________‎ ‎9．________　10.________‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了使用滑板车面临着多种危险，需要制度的约束。‎ ‎1．whether　考查连词。whether ... or ... 表示“是……还是”，表示选择，为固定搭配。‎ ‎2．has become　考查动词的时态。根据“over the past years”判断要用现在完成时。‎ ‎3．with　考查介词。在滑板车上增加了一个电机，此处表示“有……，具有……”。‎ ‎4．increasingly　考查词性转换。此处修饰形容词，故用副词。increasingly表示“逐渐地”。‎ ‎5．Some　考查限定词。与others连用表示“一些……另一些……”。‎ ‎6．stuck　考查非谓语动词。此处过去分词作定语。‎ ‎7．is forbidden　考查动词的语态。句意：在机动车道和人行道上使用滑板车是被禁止的。‎ ‎8．regulations　考查名词。作call on的宾语，故用名词。‎ ‎9．However　考查状语从句的连接词。此处引导词连接让步状语从句。‎ ‎10．doing/to be done　考查非谓语动词。require doing/to be done表示“需要被……”。‎ Passage 10‎ 限时7分钟 Longjing tea, __1__ has topped the list of the ten most famous teas in China with its color, taste and shape, __2__ (name) after its production region—Longjing Village of West Lake. The good environment and water resources have contributed much to the __3__ (grow) of the tea, confirming the saying that “Longjing tea is the __4__ (good) among all of the teas in the world”. ‎ Thanks __5__the Qianlong Emperor of the Qing Dynasty, the tea has earned a high reputation. The story went that the Qianlong Emperor visited a mountain during his Hangzhou travels, and he saw some ladies picking the tea at __6__ foot of the mountain. He was so interested in their movements that he decided to have a go himself.‎ While __7__ (pick)the tea, he received the news of his mother's illness, so he carelessly put the leaves in his right sleeve and __8__ (leave) Hangzhou for Beijing. He visited his mother __9__ (immediate) upon his arrival in Beijing, and his mother smelt the fragrance of the tea leaves from his right sleeve and wanted to have a taste. After drinking a cup of tea, she found herself completely __10__ (refresh), and she even praised it as a cure for all illnesses. From then on, it was listed as the tribute tea.‎ ‎1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________‎ ‎5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________‎ ‎9．________　10.________‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了西湖龙井茶盛名的由来。‎ ‎1．which　考查定语从句的引导词。句意：龙井茶因为其色泽、味道和外形而居于中国十大名茶之首，它以其生产地区——西湖龙井村而命名。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，且从句中缺少主语，先行词为表示物的“Longjing tea”，所以用which引导该定语从句。‎ ‎2．is named　考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，此处主语Longjing tea与动词name之间为被动关系，且叙述一般的情况，所以用一般现在时的被动语态。‎ ‎3．growth　考查词性转换。良好的环境和水资源对茶的生长贡献良多。根据空前的定冠词和空后的“of the tea”可知，此处用名词growth。‎ ‎4．best　考查形容词的最高级。龙井茶是世界上所有茶叶中最好的。根据语境可知，此处用形容词的最高级，且由空前的定冠词the及空后的“among all of the teas in the world”也可知应用形容词最高级。‎ ‎5．to　考查固定搭配。thanks to意为“幸亏，由于”，为固定搭配。‎ ‎6．the　考查冠词。此处的mountain指上文中提到的mountain，为特指，故用定冠词the。‎ ‎7．picking　考查非谓语动词。句意：在采茶叶的时候，他收到了他的母亲生病的消息，所以他漫不经心地把茶叶放到他右边的袖子里，离开杭州去北京。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，此处为分词作状语，动词pick与其逻辑主语he之间为主谓关系，所以用现在分词。‎ ‎8．left　考查动词的时态。本段叙述的是发生在过去的事，所以用一般过去时，且and前的received和put也是提示。‎ ‎9．immediately　考查词性转换。他一到北京，就立即去拜访母亲。此处修饰动词visited应用副词。‎ ‎10．refreshed　考查非谓语动词。喝了一杯茶后，她发现自己完全恢复了精神。find oneself＋adj.意为“发现某人自己……”，此处用过去分词作宾语补足语。‎ 语法填空解题策略探究(一)‎ 一、有提示词填空题的解题技巧 ‎1．提示词为动词 ‎(1)若句子没有谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但所填的动词与之是并列关系时，则所给动词在句子中作谓语，这时就要考虑时态、语态、主谓一致及虚拟语气。‎ 典例1　(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)________ (remove) the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze.‎ 答案：Remove　and连接并列谓语remove和place，故填Remove。‎ ‎(2)若所给提示词为动词，又不在句中作谓语时，应考虑用其非谓语动词形式。‎ 典例2　(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead ‎ of rice ________ (improve) water quality.‎ 答案：to improve　根据前面的“The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice”可知，政府鼓励农民们种植更多的玉米而不是水稻来提高水质，此处是目的状语，故填to improve。‎ ‎2．提示词为名词 如果给出的提示词是名词，一种情况是考查词形变化，词性不变，如：变成名词复数形式、名词所有格等；另一种情况是考查名词与其他词类的转化，如：转化成形容词、副词等。‎ 典例　(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all ________ (cause)．‎ 答案：causes　根据句意“每天仅仅跑5～10分钟就能降低所有因素导致的心脏病和早逝的风险”以及all可知，cause用复数形式。‎ ‎3．提示词为形容词或副词 如果括号内给出的是形容词或副词，一种情况是考查词性转换，如：形容词与副词之间的转换、形容词或副词与名词、动词等之间的转换；另一种情况是考查比较级，一般有表示范围的介词短语in/of ... 或定语从句，或空格前有the时，要用最高级；than的前面一定要用比较级。‎ 典例　(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)A taste for meat is ________ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.‎ 答案：actually　根据语境，此处修饰介词短语behind the change，使用副词作状语。‎ Passage 1‎ 限时8分钟 ‎(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)A 90yearold has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for __1__ (be) Britain's oldest fulltime employee—still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, __2__ she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have __3__ (final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated (提名) her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.‎ Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene __4__ (declare) she had no plans __5__ (retire) from her 36yearold business. Irene said, “I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I __6__ (make) over the years. I work not because I have to, __7__ because I want to.”‎ Granddaughter Gayle Parks, 31—who works alongside her in the family ‎ business—said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award. She said, “We don't have any idea who put grandma forward. When we got a call __8__ (say) she was shortlisted, we thought it was __9__ joke. But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It's __10__ (wonder)．”‎ ‎1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________‎ ‎5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________‎ ‎9．________　10.________‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文， 介绍了一位90岁的英国女性仍然坚持每周工作40个小时而获得“年度女性奖”的事迹。‎ ‎1．being　考查非谓语动词。介词for后跟动词时，要用其动名词形式。‎ ‎2．which　考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，逗号后是非限制性定语从句，the pet shop是先行词，定语从句中缺少opened的宾语，故用which引导非限制性定语从句。‎ ‎3．finally　考查词性转换。副词修饰动词acknowledge。‎ ‎4．declared　考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，主句中缺少谓语动词；结合后面的had可知，此处应使用一般过去时。‎ ‎5．to retire　考查非谓语动词。此处用不定式短语作plans的后置定语，表示“她没有退休的计划”。‎ ‎6．have made　考查动词的时态。根据空格后的时间状语“over the years”可知，句子要用现在完成时。‎ ‎7．but　考查连词。not ... but ... “不是……而是……”。‎ ‎8．saying　考查非谓语动词。say与前面的a call之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故填saying，用现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰a call。‎ ‎9．a　考查冠词。joke “笑话，玩笑”，是可数名词。空格后的joke为单数，且表示泛指，故其前用a。‎ ‎10．wonderful　考查词性转换。系动词is后面跟形容词作表语。‎ Passage 2‎ 限时8分钟 ‎(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)On our way to the house, it was raining __1__ hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take __2__ (get) there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.‎ We were first greeted with the barking by a pack __3__ dogs, seven to be exact. They were well trained by their masters __4__ had great experience with caring for these animals. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and __5__ (recommend) wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit. For breakfast, we were able to eat papaya ‎ (木瓜) and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.‎ When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting __6__ (compete) to watch, together with the story behind it. They also shared with us many __7__ (tradition) stories about Hawaii that were __8__ (huge) popular with tourists. On the last day of our weeklong stay, we __9__ (invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North‎ ‎Shore under the stars, __10__ (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.‎ ‎1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________‎ ‎5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________‎ ‎9．________　10.________‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者的一次旅行经历。‎ ‎1．so　考查固定结构。分析句子结构可知，此处是so ... that ... 结构，意为“如此……以至于……”，so修饰副词hard。‎ ‎2．to get　考查非谓语动词。此处是it takes some time to do sth.结构，意为“花费多长时间做某事”。‎ ‎3．of　考查固定搭配。a pack of是固定搭配，意为“一群……”。‎ ‎4．who　考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，所填词引导定语从句，修饰指人的先行词their masters，且在从句中作主语，故填关系代词who。‎ ‎5．recommended　考查动词的时态。此处讲述过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。‎ ‎6．competition　考查词性转换。根据空格前的形容词interesting可知，此处应填动词compete的名词形式competition。‎ ‎7．traditional　考查词性转换。所填词修饰名词stories，故应用tradition的形容词形式traditional。‎ ‎8．hugely　考查副词。所填词修饰形容词popular，故应用huge的副词形式hugely。be hugely popular with “非常受……欢迎”。‎ ‎9．were invited　考查动词的时态和语态。事情发生在过去，且主语we与动词invite之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。‎ ‎10．listening　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应填非谓语动词形式与and后面的现在分词meeting并列，主语we与listen之间是主动关系，故用现在分词短语作状语。‎ Passage 3‎ 限时8分钟 ‎(2020·惠州市高三第一次调研考试试题)Today, Mount Qomolangma's peak is not a lonely place any more. Over 3,500 people have __1__ (successful) climbed the mountain ‎ over the past year. Meanwhile, climbers have complained about __2__ (wait) for hours in the bottlenecks.‎ In fact, the dangerous __3__ (crowd) aren't the only problem. All those climbers need __4__ (bring) a lot of gear (设备), much of which ends up being left on the mountain. It is becoming the world's __5__ (tall) rubbish dump. ‎ But the good news is __6__ some mountaineers have started to clean up Qomolangma. Mountaineers Paul and Eberhard are part of Eco Everest Expedition, which has been cleaning up rubbish since 2008. So far they __7__ (collect) over 13 tons of garbage.‎ Some of that rubbish is even being used for __8__ higher purpose. As part of the Mount Everest 8848 Art Project, a group of 15 artists from Nepal collected 1.5 tons of garbage. They've changed the cans and oxygen tanks into 74 pieces of art that have already been exhibited __9__ Nepal's capital. Part of the profit from sales __10__ (be) available for the Everest Peakeers Association which has helped collect rubbish off the mountain.‎ ‎1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________‎ ‎5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________‎ ‎9．________　10.________‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了珠穆朗玛峰的污染情况以及现在采取的应对污染的措施和取得的进步。‎ ‎1．successfully　考查词性转换。修饰谓语动词应用副词，故填successfully。‎ ‎2．waiting　考查非谓语动词。此处介词about之后应用动名词形式，故填waiting。‎ ‎3．crowds　考查名词的单复数。根据空前的形容词dangerous可知，空处应用名词形式，crowd“人群”为可数名词，且句子的谓语aren't为复数形式，所以应用复数形式crowds。‎ ‎4．to bring　考查非谓语动词。此处表示所有这些登山者都需要带着大量设备，故此处用need to do sth. “需要做某事”。‎ ‎5．tallest　考查形容词的最高级。根据句中的the world's表述“全世界范围内的”可知，此处表示最高级的含义，故用形容词最高级tallest。‎ ‎6．that　考查名词性从句的连接词。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，此处引导表语从句，引导词在从句中不充当成分，无语意，仅起连接作用，故用that引导该从句。‎ ‎7．have collected　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据句中的时间状语So far可知，此处表示截止到现在已收集的垃圾数量，所以应用现在完成时；又主语they为复数，故填have collected。‎ ‎8．a　考查冠词。此处表示“一个更高的目标”，表泛指，在文中第一次提到，且higher的发音以辅音音素开头，故用a。‎ ‎9．in　考查介词。根据句意可知，此处表示“在尼泊尔的首都”，故填in “在(某范围或空间内的)某一点”。‎ ‎10．is　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据语境可知，此处为一般性描述，应用一般现在时；该句主语为“Part of the profit from sales”，表示单数概念，应填is。‎ Passage 4‎ 限时6分钟 ‎(2019·浙江高考)Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese __1__ (dish) is seen as especially troublesome. Many westerners __2__ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap __3__ can be to eat out. I still remember __4__ (visit) a friend who'd lived here for five years and I __5__ (shock) when I learnt she hadn't cooked once in all that time.‎ While regularly eating out seems to __6__ (become) common for many young people in recent years, it's not without a cost. The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be __7__ (afford) but doing this most days adds up. There could be an even __8__ (high) cost on your health. Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in __9__ (weigh) problems.‎ If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum's home __10__ dinner, get a few cooking tips from her. Cooking food can be fun. You might also begin to notice the effects not only on your health but in your pocket.‎ ‎1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________‎ ‎5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________‎ ‎9．________　10.________‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了出去吃饭的弊端，建议人们最好还是在家做饭吃，这既有利于健康，又可以省钱。‎ ‎1．dishes　考查名词复数。dish是可数名词，此处指中国菜，应用其复数形式，故填dishes。‎ ‎2．who/that　考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是westerners，指人，空格处在从句中作主语，所以应用who或that引导该定语从句。故填who/that。‎ ‎3．it　考查it的用法。根据句意可知，此处应用it作形式主语，动词不定式to eat out作真正的主语。故填it。‎ ‎4．visiting　考查非谓语动词。remember doing sth.“记得做过某事”；remember to do ‎ sth.“记得要做某事”。此处拜访朋友是已经发生的事情，所以应用动名词形式。故填visiting。‎ ‎5．was shocked　考查动词的时态和语态。此处指当“我”知道她从未做过饭时，“我”感到很震惊。动词shock与主语I之间是动宾关系，指“我”被惊到了；结合“when I learnt”可知，此处应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was shocked。‎ ‎6．have become　考查动词的时态。根据时间状语in recent years可知，此处应用现在完成时。seem to have done “似乎已经做过”。故填have become。‎ ‎7．affordable　考查词性转换。be动词后应接形容词。affordable “付得起的”，符合语境。故填affordable。‎ ‎8．higher　考查形容词的比较级。根据语境可知，此处指经常出去吃饭甚至会让你付出更高的健康代价。even用来修饰形容词的比较级，表示加重某种程度。故填higher。‎ ‎9．weight　考查词性转换。此处用名词作定语，表示所修饰名词的性质、特点。故填weight。‎ ‎10．for　考查介词。此处应用介词for表示目的，go to your mum's home for dinner “去母亲家吃饭”。故填for。‎ Passage 5‎ 限时6分钟 ‎(2020·合肥市高三调研性检测)‎ A Relay Event Brings Diverse Cultures Together When Herman Kambugu received the good news he was expecting, he did something unusual. He ran for ‎32km in __1__ (celebrate). Kambugu, who works for the Standard Chartered Bank (StanChart) in Uganda, was among the over 86,000 employees around the world who had attempted __2__ (take) part in a relay across Belt and Road countries as a way to see how the Belt and Road Initiative (“一带一路”倡议) is developing. Kambugu and seven more of his co－workers in StanChart's offices around the world visited 44 destinations along the Belt and Road routes, __3__ helped them understand the initiative better.‎ Kambugu __4__ (witness) how the Belt and Road Initiative is changing life for __5__ better in East Africa so far. “The Mombasa－Nairobi Railway has not only shortened transportation time, but also created over 20,000 jobs for local people in Kenya，” he said. Serena Leung from the Hong Kong office said __6__ she had seen during her journey impressed __7__ (she). In some places, people greeted them in Mandarin. They spoke it __8__ (fluently) than some people from Hong Kong, she said jokingly.‎ ‎“By running together, we run further，” added Therese Neo, a customer manager ‎ from the Singapore office. As she saw it, the countries __9__ (participate) in the Belt and Road Initiative were like the __10__ (runner). When they join forces, they have a better shared future.‎ ‎1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________‎ ‎5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________‎ ‎9．________　10.________‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。为领略“一带一路”倡议的发展，银行职员Herman Kambugu和他的同事参加了穿越“一带一路”沿途国家的接力赛。通过这项活动，他们深刻体会到“一带一路”倡议让参与国人民的生活更美好。‎ ‎1．celebration　考查词性转换。介词后常接名词或动名词，介词in后应填名词celebration。该句意为：他跑了32公里以示祝贺。‎ ‎2．to take　考查非谓语动词。attempt to do sth.为固定用法，意为“尝试做某事”。‎ ‎3．which　考查定语从句的引导词。分析该句结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，先行词为设空前的整个主句，故用which引导该定语从句。‎ ‎4．has witnessed　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据该句中的时间状语“so far”可知，该句应用现在完成时；由该句主语Kambugu可知，主语为第三人称单数，故谓语动词用单数形式。‎ ‎5. the　考查冠词。此处表示使生活变得更好，for the better “好转，向好的方向发展”为固定搭配，故用定冠词the。‎ ‎6．what　考查主语从句的连接词。分析该句结构可知，设空处引导主语从句，作主语从句中had seen的宾语，表示“……的事物”，故用what引导该主语从句，表示“她所看到的”。‎ ‎7. her　考查代词。设空处作及物动词impressed的宾语，故用宾格代词her。‎ ‎8．more fluently　考查副词的比较级。根据该句中的“than”可知，设空处用其比较级，修饰动词spoke，故填more fluently。‎ ‎9．participating　考查非谓语动词。分析该句结构可知，the countries和动词participate之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用其现在分词形式作后置定语。‎ ‎10．runners　考查名词。runner为可数名词，又主语the countries为复数，故此处表示多个奔跑者，应用复数形式。‎ Passage 6‎ 限时8分钟 ‎(2020·成都市高中毕业班摸底测试)Students at a primary school in Hangzhou had their first class __1__ March 1st on movable type. This is __2__ ancient Chinese printing system.‎ The West Lake Primary School in Zhejiang‎ ‎Province has introduced the course in the new term. An expert in Chinese characters culture has been invited to the campus, __3__ major responsibility is to teach students how __4__ (use) the ancient printing technology. Students attend lectures on the history of movable type along with __5__ (interest) classes on typesetting and printing. They then print their own document, __6__ (apply) the knowledge they've learned. One student printed her __7__ (new) written essay “Whether the traditional red envelopes kids receive belong to them or their parents？”‎ ‎__8__ (know) as one of the four great inventions of ancient China, movable type printing __9__ (invent) by Bi Sheng in the 1040s during the Song Dynasty, and it is the world's first system of movable type printing.‎ The school said the course is aimed at improving the students' awareness of Chinese characters and their __10__ (appreciate) of Chinese culture.‎ ‎1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________‎ ‎5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________‎ ‎9．________　10.________‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。杭州的一所小学开设活字印刷术课程以增强学生的汉字意识和提高中国文化鉴赏水平。本文介绍了该校的课程开设情况并简要介绍了活字印刷术。‎ ‎1．on　考查介词。表示在具体的某一天，用介词on。‎ ‎2．an　考查冠词。此处表示“一个古老的中国印刷系统”，表泛指，system是可数名词，且ancient的发音以元音音素开头，故填an。‎ ‎3．whose　考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，major responsibility与先行词An expert之间为所属关系，故填whose。‎ ‎4．to use　考查非谓语动词。teach sb. how to do sth.为“疑问词＋不定式”作宾语结构。‎ ‎5．interesting　考查词性转换。修饰名词用形容词，根据空后的“classes”可知，此处应用interesting “有趣的”修饰。‎ ‎6．applying　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，动词apply与其逻辑主语They之间是主动关系，应用其现在分词形式作状语。‎ ‎7．newly　考查词性转换。written是动词write的过去分词，修饰动词应用副词，故填newly。‎ ‎8．Known　考查非谓语动词。动词Know与其逻辑主语movable type printing之间是被动关系，故此处用其过去分词形式作状语。‎ ‎9．was invented　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。由该句中的时间状语“in the 1040s ‎ during the Song Dynasty”可知，此处应用一般过去时；根据空后的“by”可知，此处应用被动语态，又movable type printing作主语，为第三人称单数，故填was invented。‎ ‎10．appreciation　考查词性转换。their是形容词性物主代词，其后应跟名词，故填appreciation。‎ Passage 7‎ 限时8分钟 ‎(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°， there is evidence __1__ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been __2__ (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,00025,000 polar bears worldwide.‎ Modern methods __3__ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid1980s, and are expensive __4__ (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut __5__ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a __6__ (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by __7__ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating (聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion (错觉) that populations are __8__ (high) than they actually are. Of __9__ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six __10__ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.‎ ‎1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________‎ ‎5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________‎ ‎9．________　10.________‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北极熊种群数量越来越少、亟须保护的现状。‎ ‎1．that　考查同位语从句的连接词。分析句子结构可知，所填词引导同位语从句，解释说明evidence的具体内容，从句中不缺少成分且意义完整，故用that引导。‎ ‎2．poorly　考查词性转换。修饰动词studied应用形容词poor的副词形式poorly。‎ ‎3．of/for　考查介词。a method of/for doing sth. “做某事的方法”。‎ ‎4．to perform　考查非谓语动词。此处是“主语＋be＋adj.＋不定式”结构，不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。‎ ‎5．have reported　考查动词的时态。根据句中的时间状语“in recent years”可判断用现在完成时。‎ ‎6．belief　考查词性转换。根据空格前的不定冠词a可知，此处应填believe的名词形式belief。‎ ‎7．noting　考查非谓语动词。介词后接动词时，应用其动名词形式。respond by doing sth. “通过做某事回应”。‎ ‎8．higher　考查形容词的比较级。根据空格后的than可知，此处应用high的比较级形式higher。‎ ‎9．the　考查冠词。此处特指确认的19个亚种群，故用定冠词the。‎ ‎10．are　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时；six指代six polar bear subpopulations，谓语动词应用复数。‎ Passage 8‎ 限时7分钟 ‎(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years __1__ (long) than nonrunners. You don't have to run fast or for long __2__ (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of __3__ (die) early by running.‎ While running regularly can't make you live forever, the review says it __4__ (be) more effective at lengthening life __5__ walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 __6__ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all __7__ (cause)．‎ The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise ... it's probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to __8__ (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it's always __9__ (energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give __10__ a try.‎ ‎1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________‎ ‎5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________‎ ‎9．________　10.________‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了跑步的好处——帮助人们延年益寿。‎ ‎1．longer　考查副词的比较级。医学报告显示：经常跑步的人比不跑步的人多活3年。根据空格后的than可知用比较级，故填longer。‎ ‎2．to see　考查非谓语动词。你不必跑得太快或时间太长就能看到它的好处。此处不定式作目的状语，故填to see。‎ ‎3．dying　考查非谓语动词。你也许喝酒、吸烟或超重，但仍然可以通过跑步减少早亡的风险。此处of是介词，其后用动名词。故填dying。‎ ‎4．is　考查动词的时态。医学报告显示：跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里叙述的是一个事实，用一般现在时。故填is。‎ ‎5．than　考查比较句型。根据空格前的more effective可知，此处填than。‎ ‎6．that/which　考查定语从句的引导词。此处a study是先行词，指物，且关系词在定语从句中作主语，故填that或which。‎ ‎7．causes　考查名词的复数。一项研究表明，仅仅每天5到10分钟的跑步，就能降低各种原因导致的心脏病和早亡的风险。根据句意可知用复数形式，故填causes。‎ ‎8．strengthen　考查词性转换。锻炼以增强你腿上的肌肉。此处to是不定式符号，其后用动词原形。故填strengthen。‎ ‎9．energetic　考查词性转换。跑步总是让人充满活力。根据空格前的it's可知，系动词后用形容词作表语。故填energetic。‎ ‎10．it/running　考查代词。或许我们都应该试试跑步。此处give it a try意为“试试”，或填名词running，指跑步这一运动。‎ Passage 9‎ 限时8分钟 ‎(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Diets have changed in China—and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country __1__ (grow)more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over __2__ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.‎ A taste for meat is __3__ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice __4__ (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water __5__ rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased __6__ (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.‎ According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total __7__ (globe) fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government __8__ (start) a soiltesting program__9__ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers—and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission (排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China's approach to protecting its environment while __10__ (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide，” says the bank's Juergen Voegele.‎ ‎1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________‎ ‎5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________‎ ‎9．________　10.________‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了中国为保护环境对农作物的种植做了一些调整。‎ ‎1．has grown　考查动词的时态。since后接时间点，句子要用现在完成时。句意：2011年以来，中国种植的玉米比水稻多。故填has grown。‎ ‎2．the　考查冠词。句意：玉米产量在过去25年里增长了近125%，而大米只增长了7%。此处特指在过去的25年里。故填the。‎ ‎3．actually　考查词性转换。句意：对肉的喜爱实际上是这种变化背后的原因。此处用副词修饰be动词is。故填actually。‎ ‎4．to improve　考查非谓语动词。句意：为了改善水质，政府鼓励农民种植玉米，而不是水稻。此处用不定式表示目的。故填to improve。‎ ‎5．than　考查连词。句意：玉米比水稻使用的水更少。根据关键词less可知，应填用于两个事物进行比较的连词。故填than。‎ ‎6．pollution　考查词性转换。句意：这一转变减少了中国主要的湖泊和水库的污染，使人们的饮用水更加安全。has decreased后跟名词作宾语，故填pollution。‎ ‎7．global　考查词性转换。句意：中国约占全球化肥总消费量的30%。fertilizer consumption是名词短语，应该用形容词修饰。故填global。‎ ‎8．started　考查动词的时态。句意：在2005年政府开始了一项土壤测试项目。此处描述的是过去的行为，故用一般过去时。‎ ‎9．that/which　考查定语从句的引导词。此处为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词program，关系词在从句中作主语。故填that或者which。‎ ‎10．feeding　考查状语从句的省略。句意：中国在养活了中国人民的同时又保护了环境。这一做法为全世界的农业和粮食政策制定人提供了很有用的经验。空格处表示正在进行的动作，while后面省略了China is。在时间状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致且从句的谓语动词含有be动词的某种形式时，可以省略从句的主语和be动词。故填feeding。‎ Passage 10‎ 限时7分钟 ‎(2017·浙江高考)Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small __1__ (carrot) and was about to throw them away. But something made her look closer, and she noticed a __2__ (shine) object. Yes, there beneath the leafy top of one tiny carrot was her longlost wedding ring.‎ Pahlsson screamed __3__ loudly that her daughter came running from the house.‎ ‎ “She thought I had hurt __4__ (I)，” says Pahlsson.‎ Sixteen years __5__ (early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring __6__ (cook) a meal. When she wanted to put the ring back on later, it was gone. She suspected that one of her three daughters—then ten, eight, and six—had picked it up, but the girls said they hadn't. Pahlsson and her husband __7__ (search) the kitchen, checking every corner, but turned up nothing. “I gave up hope of finding my ring again，” she says. She never replaced it.‎ Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got __8__ (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, __9__ it remained until the carrot's leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it. For Pahlsson, its return was __10__ wonder.‎ ‎1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________‎ ‎5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________‎ ‎9．________　10.________‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。丢失多年的钻戒竟然在主人打理花园时不经意地出现了。这多么令人激动啊！‎ ‎1．carrots　考查名词的复数。a handful of “一把”，后接可数名词的复数形式。‎ ‎2．shiny/shining　考查词性转换。空格处修饰名词object，故用形容词。shine的形容词形式为shiny或shining，意为“闪闪发光的”。‎ ‎3．so　考查固定句型。分析句子结构可知，so与后面的that构成句型so ... that ... ，意为“如此……以至于……”。so修饰副词loudly。‎ ‎4．myself　考查反身代词。句意：她以为我伤到了自己。根据宾语从句的主语I和语境可知，宾语应用第一人称的反身代词myself。‎ ‎5．earlier　考查副词的比较级。sixteen years earlier “早在16年前”。‎ ‎6．to cook　考查非谓语动词。莉娜当时摘掉钻戒的目的是为了做饭，故用动词不定式表目的。‎ ‎7．searched　考查动词的时态。该句中but后的turned up是一般过去式，search是与之并列的谓语动词，故也应使用其一般过去式。‎ ‎8．swept　考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，动词sweep与the ring之间是动宾关系，即“戒指是被扫进了厨房的垃圾堆里”，应用sweep的过去分词形式。故填swept。‎ ‎9．where　考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，空格处所在的句子是定语从句，修饰前面的先行词the garden，且从句缺少地点状语，故用where引导该定语从句。‎ ‎10．a　考查冠词。此处是抽象名词具体化，a wonder意为“一个奇迹”。‎ Passage 11‎ 限时8分钟 ‎(2020·江西省抚州市临川二中高三月考)‎ Gerrard Street‎ in London's ‎Chinatown Gerrard Street‎, which is between Leicester Square and Shaftsbury Avenue, is the most important street in the area. There is __1__ unique community with many Chinese restaurants, supermarkets and shops.‎ In the 1950s, it __2__ (be) a poor area and everything there was very cheap. With the world rice market changing, thousands of farm workers in Hong Kong lost their jobs, __3__ (move) to work in some restaurants in London. Many British people liked Chinese food, so the restaurants became popular. The workers often worked 17 hours a day and had no time __4__ (learn) English. Due to the __5__ (arrive) of more Chinese, more shops and businesses grew up. __6__ (wife) came and joined their husbands with their children. The community grew, and Chinatown was born.‎ Since the 1970s, economy has changed for the __7__ (good), and the education state of Britishborn Chinese started to improve. Many families moved out __8__ Chinatown. Gerrard Street became a street only for visitors. ‎ London‎'s Chinatown is very popular in Chinese New Year, during __9__ time thousands of Chinese go into the street with national flags. Londoners and tourists go there __10__ (main) for the food in the Chinese restaurants. Their favorite restaurants are where the Chinese eat.‎ ‎1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________‎ ‎5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________‎ ‎9．________　10.________‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了在伦敦唐人街的杰拉德街。 ‎ ‎1．a　考查冠词。此处是泛指，用不定冠词，空后的形容词unique，词首字母发辅音，故填a。‎ ‎2．was　考查动词的时态。根据时间状语In the 1950s可知，谓语动词用一般过去时，故填was。‎ ‎3．moving　考查非谓语动词。move与workers是主动关系，此处现在分词作伴随状语，故填moving。‎ ‎4．to learn　考查动词不定式。have no time to do表示“没有时间做……”，故填to learn。‎ ‎5．arrival　考查词性转换。due to “由于……”，to为介词，介词后接名词作宾语，故填arrival。‎ ‎6．Wives　考查名词。根据下文中的“joined their husbands with their children”可知，复数名词作主语，故填Wives。‎ ‎7．better　考查形容词比较级。for the better表示“好转”，故填better。‎ ‎8．of　考查介词。move out of固定短语，“搬出”，故填of。‎ ‎9．which　考查定语从句的引导词。设空处是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是Chinese New Year，故填which。‎ ‎10．mainly　考查词性转换。副词修饰谓语动词go，作状语，故填mainly。‎ Passage 12‎ 限时7分钟 ‎(2020·贵阳市普通高中高三年级摸底考试)One night __1__ winter, a bear came into the city in Vancouver, Canada. It walked through the city streets past houses, shops and offices. Then it __2__ (find) some food in bins outside a restaurant and started eating. In the morning, someone saw the bear and called the police. The police came with a vet (兽医) from the city zoo. They put the bear in a lorry and took it to the mountains outside the city. __3__ (lucky), the bear was safe. But __4__ happens in other countries when big animals come into cities? In Vancouver it is unusual __5__ (see) a bear, but in some cities you can see big animals on the city streets every day.‎ Big animals usually come into cities to find food. In Cape Town in South Africa baboons (狒狒) come into the city when they are __6__ (hunger). Human food is very bad for the baboons' __7__ (tooth) because it has a lot of sugar. Now, there are Baboon Monitors working in Cape Town. __8__ (they) job is to find baboons in the city and return them to the countryside.‎ In Berlin‎, ‎Germany, pigs sometimes come into the city for food. They eat flowers and plants in parks and gardens. Sometimes they eat vegetables from gardens __9__ they walk in the street, causing accidents. Some people like the pigs and they give them food and water. Other people do not like the pigs and they want the government and the police to stop them __10__ (enter) the city.‎ ‎1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________‎ ‎5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________‎ ‎9．________　10.________‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了温哥华、开普敦和柏林三个城市对待闯入城市的动物的方式。‎ ‎1．in　考查介词。根据语境可知，此处表示“在冬天的一个晚上”，表示“在(某月、某年、某季节等)”，应用介词in。‎ ‎2．found　考查动词的时态。根据上文中的“One night”和本句中的“started”可知，这里讲述的是发生在过去的事情，故用一般过去时，填found。‎ ‎3．Luckily　考查副词。根据该空后面的逗号和句子成分可知，此处要填副词修饰整个句子，故填Luckily。‎ ‎4．what　考查疑问句。根据该句句末的问号并结合语境可知，该句是一个疑问句，且该句子的主句缺少主语，表示“什么”，故填what。‎ ‎5．to see　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句中的“it”为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的动词不定式，故填to see。‎ ‎6．hungry　考查词性转换。be动词后面要接形容词作表语，表明主语的状况，故填hungry。‎ ‎7．teeth　考查名词的数。tooth “牙齿”为可数名词，此处表示“狒狒的牙齿”，为复数概念，故该空要填名词tooth的复数形式teeth。‎ ‎8．Their　考查代词。此处指的是“Baboon Monitors”的工作，故此处要填形容词性物主代词Their。‎ ‎9．and　考查连词。此处前后表述的内容都是猪在这个城市的行为，故填and “和”。‎ ‎10．entering　考查固定用法。stop sb. doing sth. “阻止某人做某事”是固定用法，故填entering。‎ 语法填空解题策略探究(二)‎ 二、无提示词填空题的解题技巧 无提示词填空题要求考生在不给出提示词的情况下填出符合上下文逻辑、语法、句法的单词，主要考查代词、冠词、介词、并列连词、引导词(引导状语从句、名词性从句及定语从句等的词)、助动词、情态动词和固定搭配、特殊句式等。‎ ‎1．填代词 在简单句或并列句中，如果空格处所填的词是句子的主语、宾语、定语等成分，而且与前面曾经提到的人或物有指代关系，则要考虑人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词等。在简单句和并列句中，若句子缺少主语或宾语，一定是填代词。‎ 典例　(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find ________ (they) alive. ‎ 答案：them　考查代词(人称代词)。人称代词作宾语时，要用其宾格。them在此作find的宾语。‎ ‎2．填冠词 弄清句子结构，若设空处后为名词，设空处为名词的修饰语，又无提示词，表示泛指或特指意义，则可确定设空处应填冠词(a, an,‎ ‎ the)。若是固定短语，可根据固定搭配选择适当的冠词。‎ 典例　(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Unexpectedly, I'm facetoface with the gorilla, who begins screaming at ________ top of her lungs.‎ 答案：the　考查冠词(定冠词)。at the top of one's lungs是固定短语，意为“大声地，声嘶力竭地”，因此填定冠词the。‎ ‎3．填介词 若设空后是名词、代词、动名词或what从句，且它们不作主语或动词宾语时，很可能就是填介词。再者就是根据介词与某些名词、动词、形容词等的固定搭配来确定是否填介词和填哪个介词。如：access to, devote ... to, benefit from, stop/keep/prevent sb. from doing, be aware of, be tired of等。‎ 典例　(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)I was searching ________ these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing.‎ 答案：for　考查介词。此处意为“我当时正在搜寻西部低地的这三只大猩猩”。search for意为“搜寻”。‎ ‎4．填连词 ‎ 空格处是否需要连词来连接前后句子，主要是通过分析句子结构和逻辑关系来确定。这种情况一般是空格前后具有并列关系，如：两个主谓结构完整的句子、词、短语等，而且并列的成分相互之间存在并列、转折、选择等关系，或空格前后是因果关系。‎ 典例　(2019·河南省六市高三第一次联考)People were able to communicate better, address issues faster and become aware of things happening around the world by watching the news. We all have at least one TV memory that will last a lifetime. ________ there is undoubtedly a bad side to TV.‎ 答案：But　考查连词。上句介绍电视给我们带来的好处，下句there is undoubtedly a bad side to TV在说电视的缺点，前后句是转折关系，故填But。‎ ‎5．填引导词或连接词 ‎(1)如果引导状语从句，一般要根据主从句之间的关系及引导词的意思判断，如：表示“如果”用if，表示“直到”用until/till，表示“因为”用because/as/since等。‎ 典例1　(2020·江西新余四中高三段考)________ we persist in this practice, gradually we'll learn how to express ourselves in English.‎ 答案：If　考查从属连词。从属连词用于引导状语从句。句意：如果我们坚持这种做法，逐渐地我们就会学会用英语来表达自己的想法。故填If，引导条件状语从句。‎ ‎ (2)如果引导名词性从句，主要是通过判断引导词在从句中是否作成分，如果作成分，具体作主语、宾语还是状语等；如果不作成分，是否有实际意义。‎ 典例2　(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)I'm not sure ________ is more frightened, me or the ‎ female gorilla (大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere. I'm walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic.‎ 答案：which　考查名词性从句的连接词。根据下文的“me or the female gorilla”可知，此处给出两个选择，不确定哪一个更害怕。故填连接代词which。‎ ‎ (3)如果引导定语从句，首先要判断引导词在从句中作主语、宾语还是状语，然后再通过先行词指人、指物，还是表示时间、地点、原因再做最后的决定。解题方法：联系上下文找关系。‎ 典例3　(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government started a soiltesting program ________ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers—and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.‎ 答案：that/which　考查定语从句的引导词。分析前面的a soiltesting program是指物的先行词，再根据定语从句中缺少主语，后面是动词作谓语，故填that/which。‎ ‎6．填特殊句式、固定搭配中的缺失词 特殊句式(强调句型、there be句型、感叹句、祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句、not only ... but also ... 结构等)及固定搭配(play a part/role in, make up one's mind, pay attention to等)需要考生在平时学习中加强积累。‎ 典例　(2019·天津高考)It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house________we saw Lily in the passenger seat.‎ 答案：that　考查强调句型。句意：只有当车停在我们的房子前面，我们才看到莉莉坐在乘客座位上。本句强调的是only when引导的时间状语从句。强调句的结构是：It is/was＋被强调的部分＋that/who＋其他部分，被强调的部分只有指人时才可用who，所以此处填that。‎