【英语】2020届译林版高中英语复习必修5练习：Unit3课下作业（一_三） 10页

必修5 Unit 3 课下作业（一~三）‎ 课下作业（一） 考点过关针对练 Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．This report offered the most specific and accurate (准确的) description of the problems.‎ ‎2．We are studying to prove this point, and it has initially been confirmed (证实)．‎ ‎3．Will you do me a favour (帮忙) and tell me how the Internet works?‎ ‎4．Dennis has recently begun a successful career conducting (指挥) an opera.‎ ‎5．John was adopted (收养) as a baby; he never knew his natural parents.‎ ‎6．Mistakes due to carelessness may have serious consequences (结果), so do be careful.‎ ‎7．We are looking for someone who is reliable (可靠的) and hardworking.‎ ‎8．In no case should we sacrifice principles for economic profits (利润)．‎ ‎9．An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority (大多数) of the committee members are against it.‎ ‎10．This poem fully expresses the author's love for the ordinary (普通的) people and hatred for the ruling class.‎ ‎11．The movie transformed (使改变) her almost overnight from an unknown schoolgirl into a superstar.‎ ‎12．I can't make that decision for you, so you will have to use your judgement (判断力)．‎ ‎13．Careful consideration (考虑) should be given to issues of health and safety.‎ ‎14．It's better for the government to attach more importance to the original (首创的) inventions of all kinds.‎ ‎15．He received the news of his father's sickness with great anxiety (焦虑)．‎ Ⅱ.单句语法填空 ‎1．I think he did it by accident, not by intention (intend)．‎ ‎2．His success was a long history; but briefly (brief) speaking, he succeeded after many failures.‎ ‎3．Most of them were in favour of my opinion while David was against it.‎ ‎4．He was a wonderful father to both his natural and adopted (adopt) children.‎ ‎5．The majority who attended the meeting yesterday were (be) students.‎ ‎6．She worked hard at her lessons and as a consequence got high marks.‎ ‎7．He is a doctor and expects his son to follow_in his footsteps.‎ ‎8．I have been told the Learning Center provides help for students and I'm anxious ‎ to_get (get) help from you.‎ ‎9．On the one hand, I am your teacher; but on the other hand, I am also your friend.‎ ‎10．If I have any further news, you will be the first person to_know (know)．‎ Ⅲ.单句改错 ‎1．Electric heaters have their electric energy transformed to heat.to→into ‎2．The same cognitive (认知的) systems that make young children feel good about figuring something out may have adopted by adult scientists.have后加been ‎3．Hearing a strange noise, the poor man, trembling and frightening, ran out of the dark cave.frightening→frightened ‎4．Strictly speaking, you shouldn't enter the lab without the permission. 去掉第二个the ‎5．Onethird of the country is covered with trees and the majority of the citizens is black people.第二个is→are ‎6．In one word, everyone in our group does well in the activity.In a consequence, we are elected as the model group this term.去掉a或a前的In→As ‎7．Don't set the old worker the heavy task.For one thing he's old; for other thing he's in poor health.other→another ‎8．No one put forward anything better than the plan now under the consideration.去掉第二个the ‎9．It's very kind of you to do a favour to me by letting me get out of trouble.第二个to→for Ⅳ.翻译句子/句型转换 ‎1．所有出席会议的人都赞成该计划。(in favour of)‎ All_the_people_present_at_the_meeting_are_in_favour_of_the_plan.‎ ‎2．他们恐吓那个小男孩以使他说出秘密。(frighten sb. into )‎ They_frightened_the_little_boy_into_telling_them_the_secret.‎ ‎3．我遗憾地告诉你，由于你的工作很糟，我不得不解雇你。(in consequence of, dismiss)‎ I_regret_to_tell_you_in_consequence_of_your_bad_work,_I_am_forced_to_dismiss_you.‎ ‎4．我们每个人都要有梦想，并且要对梦想采取积极乐观的态度。(adopt a positive attitude)‎ Every_one_of_us_should_have_a_dream_and_adopt_a_positive_attitude_to_our_dreams.‎ ‎5．他写了这封信，打算征求一些意见。(with the intention of)‎ He_wrote_the_letter_with_the_intention_of_asking_for_some_advice.‎ ‎6．The mountainous country is so beautiful that I can't describe.‎ ‎→The beauty of the mountainous country is more than I can describe.‎ ‎7．How exciting! I have watched the most exciting match.‎ ‎→How exciting! I have never watched a more exciting match before.‎ 课下作业（二） 话题阅读培优练 Ⅰ.根据提示填空 When it comes to cloning, people's ideas ❶differ (different). Some people are in favour of its ❷development (develop), for they believe it will be bound to benefit us. Firstly, cloning technology can be used in agriculture，which can prevent the ❸diseases (disease) caused by pests, and can improve the produce. Furthermore, we can also employ cloning to protect the endangered animals, which is ❹beneficial (benefit) to human beings. Moreover, cloning technology can be used in medicine ❺to_treat (treat) illnesses，which is bound to save many sick people.‎ On the contrary, others feel cast down because they think it is not ❻morally (moral) reasonable; besides, they think it also breaks the gender balance and the ❼balance_of_nature (自然平衡). So they have a strong ❽objection (object) to it.‎ However, many countries have got down to it and obtained great ❾breakthroughs (breakthrough) actually. So we are unable to resist it. In my opinion, cloning will pay off on condition that all undertake to use it properly in spite of its disadvantages (disadvantage)．‎ Ⅱ.片段选词填空 treat， inject ...into， cure， successful， procedure， benefit， supporter， damage， industrialised， combine ...with， aging process， in terms of， run out of， be free of ‎ There are many ways in which human cloning is expected to ❶benefit_humans.‎ Dr. Richard Seed, one of the leading ❷supporters of human cloning technology, suggests that it may someday be possible to completely change the ❸aging_process because of what we learn from cloning.‎ Scientists believe that they may be able to ❹treat heart attack victims by cloning their healthy heart cells and ❺injecting them into the areas of the heart that have been damaged. Heart disease is the number one killer in the US and several other ❻industrialised countries.‎ There has been a breakthrough with human stem cells. Embryonic stem cells can be grown to produce organs to repair or replace ❼damaged ones. Skin for burn victims, brain cells for the brain damaged, hearts, lungs, and kidneys could be produced. By ❽combining this technology with human cloning technology, it may be possible to produce needed organs for suffering people that will ❾be_free_of rejection by their immune systems. Conditions ‎ such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, heart failure, and other problems can be cured if human cloning and its technology are not banned.‎ Though current treatments for infertility (不生育) are getting a fair amount of publicity in the news, they, in_terms_of percentages, are not very successful. Some data shows that current infertility treatments are less than 10 percent successful. Couples go through physically and emotionally painful procedures for a small chance of having children. Many couples run_out_of time and money without successfully having children. Human cloning could make it possible for many more infertile couples to have children than ever before possible.‎ 课下作业（三） 高考语篇提能练 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎(2019·广州综合测试)It's no secret that your personal characteristics directly affect how you interact with the world — but you might be surprised at just how deep it goes. Experts think that your personality can even affect how you exercise and influence what sports are suitable for you.‎ Highly Sensitive Highly sensitive people may be more uncomfortable with group exercise classes or team sports where they feel their every move is being observed. Additionally, they may feel more upset about an ineffective or a poor workout, says researcher Elaine Aron.‎ For such people, individual or noncompetitive activities like biking, running and hiking are ideal.‎ Type A Personality Type A individuals often have an “all or nothing approach” to exercise. This personality type is known for sticking closely to their plan, not to mention being super competitive. However, this can cause them to stick too closely to a fitness routine, which means they might try to push past an injury.‎ To get better exercise results, Type A people need to be aware that following an exercise plan too strictly may limit their progress. They should be more flexible and listen to their body, especially when they are in pain.‎ Type B Personality This laidback group may get too lazy about their exercise plan, which prevents them from seeing results. They are often less willing to devote enough time and energy to their fitness goals, especially if exercise is something that makes them anxious.‎ Type B individuals succeed in creative and cooperative environments, so team sports and group gym classes may be perfect.‎ Remember, there are plenty of ways you can adapt a fitness plan to suit your needs,‎ ‎ regardless of your characteristics. Just keep in mind what you like.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文，主要论述了人的性格影响体育锻炼项目的选择。‎ ‎1．Why might highly sensitive people be unwilling to take part in group sports?‎ A．They will feel like they are being evaluated.‎ B．They don't like socializing with other people.‎ C．They don't consider themselves to be athletic.‎ D．They fear they'll be let down by their teammates.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，高度敏感的人可能不喜欢参加团体运动课程或团队体育运动的原因是他们觉得他们的每一个动作都会被观察到而被别人评头论足。据此可知，A项正确。‎ ‎2．Type A people can be best described as ________.‎ A．committed　　　　　　　　 B．flexible C．independent D．sensitive 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据Type A Personality部分中的“This personality type is known for sticking closely to their plan, not to mention being super competitive”可知，这种性格的人会坚守他们的计划；A项意为“坚定的”，故A项正确。‎ ‎3．What is the purpose of the text?‎ A．To help people understand what personality type they are.‎ B．To explain how personal characteristics affect exercise habits.‎ C．To identify the dangers of doing the wrong type of exercise.‎ D．To describe different types of workouts that are available today.‎ 解析：选B　写作目的题。通读全文尤其是文章第一段的第二句可知，本文主要论述了人的性格影响体育锻炼项目的选择，并介绍了不同性格的人的体育锻炼习惯。据此可知，本文旨在解释性格是如何影响人的体育锻炼习惯的，故B项正确。‎ B ‎(2019·武汉模拟)For years, my time spent in the shower could have got me a mention in Guinness World Records as the shortest time taken to bathe.I hurried up during this process.‎ One day, however, while at a party, I heard an artist friend telling everybody that his idea came while he was having a shower. “What about you？” he asked. “Don't you get your creative thoughts from the same place？”‎ ‎“I'm in and out in a hurry，” I told him proudly. “I have no time to waste！”‎ ‎“What a pity，” he said. “That's the place where you need to slow down; plenty of great thoughts come from there！” I tried it out.I slowed down the whole process, started ‎ enjoying the warm water, taking a little longer to soap myself and even spending more time just enjoying the process, and realized how much I had missed in hurrying up all these years.‎ A woman told me how much stress her friend was suffering from and how she sought to convince her that she needed to find ways to relax.She gave her a videotape on stress management and relaxation techniques, and encouraged her to watch it right away.Fifteen minutes later, her friend handed back the tape. “It was good，” she said, “but I don't need it.”‎ ‎“But it's a 70minute video，” the woman replied. “You couldn't have watched the whole thing.”‎ ‎“Yes, I did，” her friend said. “I put it in fastforward！”‎ A major social problem of the 21st century is Hurry Sickness.We hurry through work.We swallow fast food.We complain that we don't have enough time.We race through the days and weeks until one day we look back in amazement and comment, “Oh, how the years flew by！” Then we realize the heavy price we have paid for traveling fast.‎ Symptoms of Hurry Sickness include stress and anxiety, bad relationships, poor work performance and even disease.Some people don't survive it.What's the cure? Slow down, for life is so short and precious that we must live it well.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过叙述“我”在一次聚会与一位艺术家朋友谈及洗澡的时间问题，向我们介绍了21世纪存在的一个主要的社会问题是匆忙症，从而告诉我们：生命是如此短暂和珍贵，我们必须好好地慢下来生活。‎ ‎4．What was the advantage of taking a shower in the eyes of the artist friend?‎ A．Time was saved.　　 B．Nothing was missed.‎ C．Great ideas flew away. D．Creative thoughts came.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“his idea came while he was having a shower”和“Don't you get your creative thoughts from the same place？”可知，在那位艺术家朋友的眼里，在洗澡时会产生创造性的想法。‎ ‎5．What was the trouble with the woman's friend?‎ A．She felt stressed.‎ B．She found the tape useless.‎ C．She found no way to relax.‎ D．She watched the tape too fast.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第五段中的“A woman told me how much stress her friend was suffering from”可知，那位女士的朋友感到压力很大。‎ ‎6．What is the major social trouble people face in the 21st century in the writer's eyes?‎ A．People run fast to work.‎ B．Everything is done in a hurry.‎ C．People don't have enough time.‎ D．Time flies without being noticed.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“A major social problem of the 21st century is Hurry Sickness”可知，在作者看来，21世纪人们面临的一个主要的社会问题是一切都是匆匆忙忙的。‎ ‎7．How can the problem be settled?‎ A．By slowing down.‎ B．By learning to survive.‎ C．By developing friendship.‎ D．By performing good work.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据最后一段的最后一句可知，我们可以通过放慢脚步来解决这个问题。‎ C ‎(2019·成都诊断)Food blogs, celebrities, and nutritionists all advocate the benefits of eating organic (有机的) fruits and vegetables. But a new study published in Science Advances paints a more complex picture. While organic produce is likely slightly healthier to eat and, in some ways, more sustainable to grow, there are also downsides.‎ Organic fruits and vegetables typically cost more than conventional ones. To get a certificate as organic, farmers must meet specific criteria, including growing produce without the use of genetic engineering and chemical inputs. Without these methods, the growing process typically requires more labor, time, and money, a cost that is passed down to consumers.‎ It's true that in many ways, organic farming is more sustainable than conventional farming. But when it comes to environmental concerns such as greenhouse gas output and water loss, the comparison gets complex. Organic farms produce less greenhouse gas output per acre. However, because they are barred from using genetic engineering, pesticides (杀虫剂), and other methods that increase efficiency (效率), organic farms also produce an estimated 19% to 25% less yield than conventional farms. While there isn't a whole lot of research on the topic, the few studies that do exist suggest greenhouse gas output and water loss might actually be higher on organic farms, on a per unit basis, says study author Verena Seufert.‎ In addition, while organic produce is likely more nutritious than conventional fruits and vegetables, there's not a lot of evidence to support the claim that these often slight differences influence consumer health. The same is true for the pesticide remainder. In ‎ developed countries, where pesticide use is tightly regulated, there's no scientific consensus on how these often slight differences influence human health.‎ Still, Seufert stresses that if you can afford to eat organic produce, you should do so. Organic farms provide safer work environments for workers, plus they support great biodiversity. The real takeaway from her study is not that organic produce is bad but that the practice needs more studies to increase the yield without lowering sustainability.‎ But if you can't afford to buy organic produce, don't stress too much, particularly from a nutritional perspective.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文，主要介绍了有机农产品的一些情况。‎ ‎8．What does the underlined word “downsides” in Paragraph 1 most probably mean?‎ A．Dangers. B．Drawbacks.‎ C．Benefits. D．Differences.‎ 解析：选B　词义猜测题。根据第一段最后一句可知，虽然有机农产品可能稍微健康些，但在某些方面，也有其缺点。再结合语境和下文陈述的有机农产品的缺点可以判断，画线词应指有机农产品不好的一面，B项意为“缺点”，故B项正确。‎ ‎9．Which key factor makes it hard to compare organic farming with conventional farming when it comes to environmental concerns?‎ A．The yield. B．The price.‎ C．The water loss. D．The labor.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，当涉及诸如温室气体排放和水资源损失等环境问题时，比较传统农业和有机农业就困难了；且根据第三段的其他内容可知，虽然有机农业与传统农业相比更可持续，但因为不能使用基因工程技术、杀虫剂及其他提高效率的方法，有机农业的产量相对低，故产量是使得两者之间的比较变得困难的重要因素。A项意为“产量”，故A项正确。‎ ‎10．Which of the following will the author most probably agree with?‎ A．Farmers' work environment should be improved.‎ B．Organic produce should be made more efficiently.‎ C．It isn't wise for consumers to buy organic products.‎ D．The pesticide remainder do no harm to people's health.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第三段第四句可知，由于禁止使用基因工程技术和杀虫剂等，有机农场的产量估计会比传统农场的产量低19%至25%。据此可以判断，应当提高有机农业的生产效率，故B项正确。第五段的最后一句亦是提示。‎ ‎11．In the author's opinion, why should we support organic produce?‎ A．It's environmentally friendly.‎ B．It's more nutritious.‎ C．It helps keep the variety of plants.‎ D．It's safer for consumers.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第五段第二句可知，有机农场为工人提供更安全的工作环境，而且有机农场有助于保持生物的多样性。据此可以判断，我们应当提倡有机农产品的原因之一是能保持生物的多样性，故C项正确。‎ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 ‎(2019·太原模拟)Tofu is a delicacy that transcends (超越) many foods, and a simple dish that can be cooked in various forms and flavors. From sweet to smelly, from China to Japan and beyond — this basic ingredient made from soybeans has become a historic staple throughout Asia.‎ ‎__1__. It was only after a bowl of warm doufuhua, the local tofu pudding, that I saw just how much food plays a part in the city's longing for the past.‎ ‎“Tofu pudding is not just a pudding. __2__，” says Renee, the fourthgeneration owner of Kung Wo Beancurd Factory, a tofu shop in the heart of Hong Kong's old town.‎ Rewind to about 60 years ago, when the neighborhood was home to a busy shipping port. Dock workers would head straight to Kung Wo for some soy milk after a hard day's work.‎ ‎__3__. It was often open until the early hours of the morning to draw the cinemagoers from the theatre nearby for a sweet with their sweeties.‎ ‎“In the 1960s, Hong Kong was not a wealthy place. __4__. People were happy with tofu pudding or soy milk because it was local and cheap，” she says. “Now we have lots of different types of desserts to choose from, but it's funny that people still want to find something more original.”‎ As we sat down to take a spoonful of our tofu pudding, a couple sat at the table next to ours. They told us they were visiting from Canada but grew up here in Hong Kong, and always came for a bowl of Kung Wo's tofu pudding on their visits. “When we were young, we didn't have McDonald's. __5__. For us it's also comfort food and it's what we love too.”‎ A．It is the only childhood memory for us B．Renee has a secret recipe that is passed on in her family C．People also see it as something related to their childhood D．Renee says back then the shop was a popular night date spot as well E．In Hong Kong, tofu plays another important role — it's comfort food F．At that time there was no choice for desserts like cheesecake or ice cream G．Soybeans stay up to 10 hours in water before they are softened and made into tofu 语篇解读：本文主要介绍了豆腐这种食物以及香港的一家豆腐商店——Kung Wo Beancurd ‎ Factory。‎ ‎1．解析：选E　根据空处后一句中的“plays a part”可知，空处表达的意思是在香港，豆腐起到的另一个重要的作用——是使人感觉放松的安慰食物。故选E项。‎ ‎2．解析：选C　根据空处前一句“Tofu pudding is not just a pudding”可知，C项“人们也把它看作与他们的童年有关的东西”与此处衔接紧密。故选C项。‎ ‎3．解析：选D　根据空处后一句可推知，D项“Renee说那个时候这家店也是一个受欢迎的晚上约会的场所”符合语境。‎ ‎4．解析：选F　根据空处前一句“In the 1960s, Hong Kong was not a wealthy place”和空处后一句“People were happy with tofu pudding or soy milk because it was local and cheap”可推知，在那个时候，人们没有像芝士蛋糕和冰淇淋这样的甜点可供选择。故选F项。‎ ‎5．解析：选A　根据空处前一句“When we were young, we didn't have McDonald's”可推知，A项“这是我们唯一的童年记忆”符合语境。‎