【英语】上海市浦东新区2020届高三一模考试试题（解析版） 28页

上海市浦东新区2020届高三一模考试 英语试题 I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and a question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.‎ ‎1. A. At a bank. B. At a post office. C. At a travel agency. D. At an airport.‎ ‎2. A. Waiter. B. Salesman. C. Mechanic. D. Accountant.‎ ‎3. A. June 3rd. B. June 13th. C. July 13th. D. July 30th.‎ ‎4. A. Business management. B. British literature.‎ C. Popular science. D. Classical music.‎ ‎5. A. Carry a lot of cash on her.‎ B. Cancel the trip to the U.S.‎ C. Search for information online.‎ D. Try various payment methods.‎ ‎6. A. He will give priority to the lecture.‎ B. He will deliver a lecture to the graduates.‎ C. He will attend the graduation ceremony.‎ D. He will prepare presents for the graduates.‎ ‎7. A. Jack has paid off all the debts through hard work.‎ B. Jack and Sam have won the first place in the contest.‎ C. They relaxed themselves the whole summer holiday.‎ D. The robot contest was held in the innovation laboratory.‎ ‎8. A. Peter hardly notices the changes in his class.‎ B. Peter has greatly changed his personality.‎ C. The man was surprised to learn Peter’s success.‎ D. Peter has received training in delivering speeches.‎ ‎9. A. The woman forgot to prepare the gifts.‎ B. The gifts were purchased at the airport.‎ C. The man is very pleased with the picture.‎ D. The special gifts appeal to the man greatly.‎ ‎10. A. He didn’t take any pictures at the ceremony.‎ B. He forgot to take his cell phone to the ceremony.‎ C. He couldn’t record every detail because he ran away.‎ D. He took only a few photos because of the limited storage.‎ Section B Dierctions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and a longer conversation, and you will be asked some questions on the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.‎ Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.‎ ‎11. A. By donating money to help those in poverty-stricken areas.‎ B. By reducing the price of the food that has gone bad.‎ C By giving away tons of food to developing nations every year.‎ D. By launching a store selling food once thrown into the trash bin.‎ ‎12. A. The general public. B. The low-income people.‎ C. The charity staff. D. The retailers.‎ ‎13. A. $1 trillion. B. $700,000. C. $30,000. D. $50,000.‎ Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.‎ ‎14. A. Snow or ice sculptures. B. Parades on roads.‎ C. Chalk drawings on pavements. D. Sand paintings.‎ ‎15. A. He prefers to do his art work alone.‎ B. He mostly creates his works in cities.‎ C. He usually spends a short while creating.‎ D. He has attracted many people in fashion industry.‎ ‎16. A. Why art is not easy to forget.‎ B. The history of temporary art.‎ C. A “temporary” artist and his works.‎ D. How to make impressive temporary art.‎ Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.‎ ‎17. A. How English food is made.‎ B. Why Indian foods are often tasteless.‎ C. Why foods in some countries are spicy.‎ D. How spicy food was introduced into England.‎ ‎18. A. The food in cold regions is usually tasty.‎ B. The climate has little effect on the local food.‎ C. India and England have quite similar climates.‎ D. Spicy food causes people to sweat, cooling them off.‎ ‎19. A. They cover the bad smells of food.‎ B. They give the food a unique flavor.‎ C. They slow down the growth of bacteria.‎ D. They come in handy where there is no refrigerator.‎ ‎20. A. The mention of garlic and onion makes the woman hungry.‎ B. The plants and bacteria can live in harmony to some extent.‎ C. The unique flavor of the plants has contributed to their survival.‎ D. It takes longer time for those plants like onions and garlic to grow.‎ II. Grammar and Vocabulary ‎ Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.‎ A New Hero is Here to Save the Day It’s thought that when a hero like Batman is blessed with great power, he or she must endure loneliness and suffering as a result. The Flash(闪电侠), however, makes a fun, lightning-quick and optimistic superhero. After the wild success of TV series Arrow, a TV ‎ network launched The Flash, ___21___ (show) the image of this Superhero, who was only a supporting character in Arrow.‎ Like Spiderman, who gained the ability to make webs and climb walls after he ___22___ (bite) by a spider, Barry Allen in The Flash was shocked into superhero-status by accident. A strike from a lightning put Allen into a nine-month unconscious state, and when he emerged, he found himself ___23___ (equip) with super speed.‎ Naturally, Allen slips on a colorful suit and becomes the Flash, a hero ___24___ extreme speed to fight super-powered bad guys. But the Flash also has other purposes, namely finding out the truth behind his mother’s death and his father’s unjust imprisonment.‎ In line with superhero series standards, The Flash features action and eye-popping special effects. There’s nothing terribly innovative here, but ___25___ we do get is a unique superhero with a more unusual personality. ___26___ Allen has gone through unpleasant childhood experience, in this show he grows into a superhero ___27___ powers include optimism. He’s got a group of scientists that not only save his life, but also provide him with emotional support and the tools necessary ___28___ (fight) crime.‎ A big surprise for me was that The Flash cast Prison Break star Wentworth Miller as a bad character, who uses a gun that ___29___ turn anything into ice. US shows began their entrance into the Chinese market with Friends, but Prison Break pushed interest in US TV series to a new height largely thanks to Miller’s wonderful acting. Now Miller’s back to act in The Flash. ___30___ is a nice surprise that this new show serves as a platform for Prison Break fans to revisit their old favorite, although this time around he’s an antagonist(反派角色).‎ ‎【答案】21. showing 22. was bitten/had been bitten 23. equipped 24. with 25. what 26. Although/though 27. whose 28. to fight 29. can 30. It ‎【解析】‎ 本文是说明文。文章介绍了一家电视网推出的《闪电侠》这部美国电视剧。‎ ‎【21题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。句意：在电视剧《绿箭侠》大获成功之后，一家电视网推出了《闪电侠》，展示了这位超级英雄，他在《绿箭侠》中只是配角的形象。a TV network与show之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动，用现在分词做状语。故填showing。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 考查时态语态。句意：就像蜘蛛侠在被蜘蛛咬伤后获得了结网和爬墙的能力一样，《闪电侠》里的巴里·艾伦也意外地成了超级英雄。he与bite之间是被动关系，根据“gained”判断此处用一般过去时，主语是he，谓语动词用第三人称单数；也可理解成这一动作发生在gained之前，也就是过去的过去，用过去完成时，所以用一般过去时的被动语态或过去完成时的被动语态。故填was bitten/had been bitten。‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。句意：当他出现时，他发现自己拥有了超快的速度。此处为“find+宾语+宾补”结构，be equipped with表示“装备有”，此处去掉be做宾语补足语。故填equipped。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ 考查介词。句意：自然而然地，艾伦穿上了一套色彩鲜艳的衣服，成为了闪电侠，一个有着极快的速度与超能力的坏人战斗的英雄。分析句子结构可知此处需要填介词，根据句意可知，此处表示“具有”，可以使用介绍with。故填with。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 考查主语从句。句意：但我们得到的是一个独特的超级英雄，有着更不寻常的个性。此处为主语从句，从句中的get缺少宾语，应使用连接代词what引导。故填what。‎ ‎【26题详解】‎ 考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然艾伦经历了不愉快的童年经历，但在这部剧中，他成长为一个拥有乐观精神的超级英雄。根据句意可知前后是让步关系，此处表示“尽管、虽然”。故填Although/Though。‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ 考查定语从句。句意同上，此处为定语从句，powers与先行词superhero之间是所属关系，应该用关系代词whose在从句中做定语。故填whose。‎ ‎【28题详解】‎ 考查不定式。句意：他有一群科学家，他们不仅拯救了他的生命，还为他提供了情感支持和必要的打击犯罪的工具。A be necessary to B表示“A对B是必要的”，故填to fight。‎ ‎【29题详解】‎ 考查情态动词。句意：让我大吃一惊的是，《闪电侠》让《越狱》的主演温特沃斯·米勒扮演一个坏角色，他使用的枪可以把任何东西变成冰。空后是动词原形，此处需要填情态动词，根据句意可知，此处表示“有能力、能够”，由空前who uses可知，此处使用一般现在时。故填can。‎ ‎【30题详解】‎ 考查形式主语。句意：令人惊喜的是，这部新剧成为了《越狱》粉丝们重温旧爱的平台，尽管这一次他是个反派角色。分析句子结构可知此处用it做形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句。故填It。‎ Section B Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.‎ Criticism of the Fast Fashion In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her. Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater was ___31___ over the years from fashion shows to departments stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl probably found her clothes.‎ This top-down concept of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or in conflict with the mad world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline’s three-year accusation of “fast fashion”. In the last decade or so, ___32___ in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and predict demand more ___33___. Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted stock, more frequent release, and more profit. These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable—meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that—and to ___34___ their wardrobe(衣橱) every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have controlled fashion cycles, shaking an industry long ___35___ to a seasonal pace.‎ The ___36___ of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a $5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-plus stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage overseas labor, order in volumes that ___37___ natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.‎ Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named ‎ ‎ Sarah Kate Beaumont, who since 2008 has made all of her own clothes—and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example can’t be imitated.‎ Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to ___38___ their impact on labor and the environment—including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line—Cline believes lasting change can only be made by customers. She exhibits the idealism ___39___ to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity(虚 荣心) is a constant; people will only start shopping more ____40____ when they can’t afford not to.‎ ‎【答案】31. H 32. B 33. G 34. I 35. A 36. K 37. E 38. F 39. D 40. J ‎【解析】‎ 本文是说明文。文章批评了快速时尚带来的一些问题。‎ ‎【31题详解】‎ 考查动词。句意：普里斯特利则向助手解释了她身上这件针织衫所采用的深蓝色是如何在这些年走下时装秀场，进入百货商店，并最终沦落到商品打折处理区的，而这位可怜的姑娘无疑就是在那里淘到了这件衣服。此处缺少动词做谓语，the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater与之是被动关系，根据空后from  fashion shows to departments stores and to the bargain bin可知，此处表示这款时装从上向下的一种流动。reduce“降低”，由空前was可知，此处是过去分词，构成被动语态。故填H。‎ ‎【32题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：在过去十年左右的时间，技术的进步已经使得诸如Zara、H&M、优衣库之类的市场大众品牌能够对流行趋势反应得更快，并能更准确的预料到消费者对时尚的需求。此处缺少名词做主语，根据空后in technology可知，此处表示“进步”。advance“进步”，根据后面的谓语动词可知，此处使用名词复数形式。故填B。‎ ‎【33题详解】‎ 考查副词。句意同上，修饰动词predict用副词，根据react to trends more quickly可知，此处表示“准确地”。precisely“准确地”。故填G。‎ ‎【34题详解】‎ 考查动词。句意：这些品牌让 对时尚敏感的消费者们将衣服视为洗过一两次就可丢弃的一次性物品，尽管它们并不会公开宣传这点。同时，这些品牌还鼓励消费者们每隔几周就把自己衣橱中的衣服更新换代一次。空前的to为不定式符号，此处需要填动词原形，根据These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable—meant to last only a wash or two可知，此处表示“更新”。renew“更新”，空前to是不定式符号，应填原形。故填I。‎ ‎【35题详解】‎ 考查形容词。句意：克莱恩认为，这些品牌通过以超低价销售潮流服装的模式，控制了时尚周期，从而动摇了这个长久以来习惯于以季节为单位更新的行业。根据空前的these brands have controlled fashion cycles,可知，此处表示“习惯于”，be accustomed to表示“习惯于”，此处去掉be做后置定语。故填A。‎ ‎【36题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：当然，这场革命的受害者并不局限于设计师。此处缺少名词做主语，根据空后说的H&M要想在全球2300多家门店提供价值5.95美元的针织迷你裙，就必须依靠低工资的海外劳动力、大量消耗自然资源的订单以及大量使用有害化学物质。由此可知，此处表示“受害者”。victim“受害者”，根据语境可知，此处使用名词复数形式。故填K。‎ ‎【37题详解】‎ 考查动词。句意：H&M要想在全球2300多家门店提供价值5.95美元的针织迷你裙，就必须依靠低工资的海外劳动力、大量消耗自然资源的订单以及大量使用有害化学物质。此处缺少动词做谓语，根据natural resources可知，此处表示“消耗”。drain“消耗”。故填E。‎ ‎【38题详解】‎ 考查动词。句意：尽管几家快速时尚公司已经努力将其对劳动力和环境的影响降到最低，但克莱恩相信只有顾客才能做出持久的改变。空前的to为不定式符号，此处需要填动词原形，根据“their impact on labor and the environment”可知，此处表示“使最小化”。minimize“使最小化”。故填F。‎ ‎【39题详解】‎ 考查形容词。句意：她展示了许多可持续发展倡导者所共有的理想主义，无论是在食品还是能源方面。此处做后置定语修饰名词idealism，be common to表示“对……是共有的”，此处去掉be做后置定语。故填D。‎ ‎【40题详解】‎ 考查副词。句意：人们永远都会有虚荣心，只有在买不起的时候他们才会开始更可持续地购物。修饰动词短语start shopping用副词，根据when they can’t afford not to可知，此处表示“可持续地”。故填J。‎ III. Reading Comprehension ‎ Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.‎ The networked computer is an amazing device. It is the first media machine that serves as the mode of production (you can make stuff), means of distribution (you can upload stuff to the network), site of ___41___ (you can download stuff and interact with it), and place of praise and criticism (you can comment on the stuff you have downloaded or uploaded). ___42___, the computer is the 21st century’s culture machine.‎ But for all the reasons there are to ___43___ the computer, we must also act with caution. This is because the networked computer has started a secret war between downloading and uploading—between passive consumption and active ___44___—whose outcome will shape our collective future in ways we can only begin to imagine.‎ All animals download, but only a few upload anything besides faces and their own bodies. Humans are ___45___ in their capacity to not only make tools but then turn around and use them to create superfluous(过剩的) material goods (paintings, sculpture and architecture) and superfluous experiences (music, literature, religion and philosophy). ___46___, it is precisely these superfluous things that define human culture and ultimately what it is to be human. Downloading and consuming culture requires great skills, but ___47___ to move beyond downloading is to rob oneself of a defining ingredient of humanity.‎ Despite the possibilities of our new culture machines, most people are still ___48___ download mode, brought about by television watching. Even after the ___49___ of widespread social media, a pyramid of production remains, with a small number of people uploading material, a slightly larger group commenting on or modifying that content, and a huge percentage remaining satisfied to just ___50___.‎ The networked computer offers the first chance in 50 years to ___51___ the flow caused by TV viewing, to encourage thoughtful downloading and, even more importantly, meaningful uploading. The computer offers the opportunity to bring about a complete ___52___ from the culture of television and a shift from a consumption model to a production model. This is a ‎ historic opportunity. Fifty years of television dominance has given birth to an unhealthy culture. The ___53___ is now in our collective grasp. It involves controlling our intake, or downloading, and ___54___ our levels of activity—uploading.‎ Of course people will still download. Nobody uploads more than a tiny percentage of the culture they consume. But using the networked computer as a download-only device, or even a download-mainly device, is a ___55___ opportunity that history affords us. Therefore, the goal must be to establish a balance between consumption and production.‎ ‎41. A. celebration B. conversations C. reception D. ceremonies ‎42. A. Without doubt B. In return C. In particular D. By contrast ‎43. A. liberate B. celebrate C. concern D. reject ‎44. A. request B. support C. defense D. creation ‎45. A. unique B. familiar C. efficient D. loyal ‎46. A. In addition B. In fact C. For instance D. By the way ‎47. A. striving B. comparing C. failing D. attempting ‎48. A. optimistic about B. unfamiliar with C. stuck in D. ashamed of ‎49. A. transformation B. emergence C. encounter D. maintenance ‎50. A. consume B. neglect C. combine D. innovate ‎51. A. enhance B. quicken C. reverse D. extend ‎52. A. outcome B. exposure C. break D. evolution ‎53. A. puzzle B. cure C. regret D. favor ‎54. A. analyzing B. maintaining C. featuring D. increasing ‎55. A. wasted B. treasured C. multiplied D. revised ‎【答案】41. C 42. A 43. B 44. D 45. A 46. B 47. C 48. C 49. B 50. A 51. C 52. C 53. B 54. D 55. A ‎【解析】‎ 本文是说明文。文章介绍了互联网计算机对人类生产创造的意义，我们必须平衡好用互联网计算机被动消费和主动创造二者之间的关系。‎ ‎【41题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：它（互联网计算机）是第一台媒体机器，作为生产模式（你可以制作素材）、分配方式（你可以上传素材到网络）、接收站（你可以下载素材并与之互动）、表扬和批评地点（你可以评论你下载或上传的素材）。A. celebration庆祝；B. conversations会话；C. reception接收；D. ceremonies仪式。括号内所说的你可以下载素材并与之互动是互联网计算机的接收功能，故C项正确。‎ ‎【42题详解】‎ 考查介词短语辨析。句意：毫无疑问，互联网计算机是21世纪的文化机器。A. Without doubt毫无疑问；B. In return作为回报；C. In particular尤其、特别；D. By contrast相比之下。根据上文对互联网计算机四方面功能的介绍可知，这些功能使它毫无疑问地成为21世纪的文化机器，故A项正确。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但尽管有为计算机欢呼的种种理由，我们也必须谨慎行事。A. liberate释放；B. celebrate庆祝、欢呼；C. concern涉及；D. reject拒绝。上文提到的网络计算机的功能是我们为计算机欢呼的理由，故B项正确。‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是因为互联网计算机在被动消费和主动创造、下载和上传之间展开了一场秘密战争，其结果将以我们只能开始想象的方式塑造我们的集体未来。A. request请求；B. support支持；C. defense防卫；D. creation创造。与“被动消费”相对的自然是“主动创造”，故D项正确。‎ ‎【45题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：人类的独特之处在于他们不仅能制造工具，而且还会用它们来创建多余的物质(绘画、雕塑和建筑)和多余的体验(音乐、文学、宗教和哲学) 。A. unique独特的；B. familiar熟悉的；C. efficient有效率的；D. loyal忠诚的。空前提到了所有的动物都会下载，但只有少数上传除了自己的脸和身体以外的东西，此处是人类与动物的比较，突出与其他动物相比，人类的独特之处在于他们不仅能制造工具，而且还会用这些工具继续创造多余的东西，故A项正确。‎ ‎【46题详解】‎ 考查介词短语辨析。句意：事实上，正是这些多余的东西定义了人类文化，并最终定义了什么是人类。A. In addition此外；B. In fact事实上；C. For instance例如；D. By the way顺便问一下。上文说与其他动物相比，人类的独特之处在于他们不仅能制造工具，而且还会用这些工具继续创造多余的东西，因此此处是说事实上，正是这些多余的东西定义了人类，故B项正确。‎ ‎【47题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析，句意：下载和消费文化需要高超的技巧，但如果不能超越下载的范畴，就等于剥夺了人性的一种决定性因素。A. striving努力；B. comparing比较；C. failing未能；D. attempting尝试。上文说人类的独特之处在于他们不仅能制造工具，而且还会用这些工具继续创造多余的东西，正是这些多余的东西定义了人类，因此如果不能超越下载的范畴，就等于剥夺了人性的一种决定性因素，故C项正确。‎ ‎【48题详解】‎ 考查形容词短语辨析。句意：尽管我们的新文化机器带来了各种可能性，但大多数人仍然停留在看电视带来的下载模式。A. optimistic about对……保持乐观；B. unfamiliar with对……不熟悉；C. stuck in陷入；D. ashamed of对……感到羞愧。根据空前表示让步的“Despite”可知，尽管我们的新文化机器带来了各种可能性，但大多数人仍然停留在看电视带来的下载模式上，故C项正确。‎ ‎【49题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：即使在广泛的社交媒体出现之后，生产的金字塔依然存在，一小部分人上传材料，一小部分人对内容进行评论或修改，还有很大一部分人只满足于消费。A. transformation转换；B. emergence出现；C. encounter遭遇；D. maintenance维护。根据空后的“of widespread social media, a pyramid of production remains”可知，在广泛的社交媒体出现之后，生产的金字塔仍然存在，故B项正确。‎ ‎【50题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. consume消费；B. neglect忽视；C. combine联合；D. innovate创新。根据空前的“a small number of people uploading material, a slightly larger group commenting on or modifying that content, and a huge percentage remaining satisfied to just.”可知，一小部分人上传材料，一小部分人对内容进行评论或修改，而很大一部分人只满足于消费，故A项正确。‎ ‎【51题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：互联网计算机提供了50年来第一次扭转人们看电视（消费）的机会，鼓励有思想的下载，更重要的是，有意义的上传。A. enhance加强；B. quicken加快；C. reverse颠倒、扭转；D. extend延伸。下文说计算机提供了一个彻底打破电视文化、从消费模式转变为生产模式的机会，因此此处是说互联网计算机扭转了50年来人们只是看电视的局面，故C项正确。‎ ‎【52题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：计算机提供了一个彻底打破电视文化、从消费模式转变为生产模式的机会。A. outcome结果；B. exposure暴露；C. break打破、间断；D. evolution演变。根据空后的“from the culture of television and a shift from a consumption model to a production model.”可知，互联网计算机提供了一个彻底打破电视文化的机会，故C项正确。‎ ‎【53题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：治疗方法现在就在我们的共同掌握之中。A. puzzle谜团；B. cure治疗、疗法；C. regret遗憾；D. favor偏袒。空前说五十年的电视统治产生了一种不健康的文化，因此此处指对这种不健康文化的治疗方法，故B项正确。‎ ‎【54题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：它包括控制我们的接收或下载，增加我们的活动上传水平。A. analyzing分析；B. maintaining维护；C. featuring以……为特色；D. increasing增加。要想利用互联网计算机进行更多的生产创造，自然是要增加上传，故D项正确。‎ ‎【55题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是，把联网计算机作为一个只能下载的设备，甚至是一个以下载为主的设备，历史证明这个机会就被浪费了。A. wasted浪费；B. treasured珍爱；C. multiplied增加；D. revised修正。空后说因此，目标必须是在消费和生产之间建立平衡，因此此处是说如果只用互联网计算机用来下载的话，那么这个机会就被浪费了，故A项正确。‎ ‎【点睛】本篇第7空难度较大，抓住上文对人类的独特之处的介绍是关键，根据上文中的“Humans are ______ in their capacity to not only make tools but then turn around and use them to create superfluous(过剩的) material goods (paintings, sculpture and architecture) and superfluous experiences (music, literature, religion and philosophy). ______, it is precisely these superfluous things that define human culture and ultimately what it is to be human.”可知，人类的独特之处在于他们不仅能制造工具，而且还会用这些工具继续创造多余的东西，正是这些多余的东西定义了人类文化和人类，因此如果不能超越下载的范畴（用互联网计算机创造多余的东西），就等于剥夺了人性的一种决定性因素，故C项（failing）正确。‎ Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage ‎ you have read.‎ ‎（A）‎ Dame Zaha Hadid, the Iraqi-born British architect whose tall structures left a mark on skylines and imaginations around the world and in the process reshaped architecture for the modern age.‎ She was not an average designer. She liberated architectural geometry( 几何), giving it a whole new expressive identity. Geometry became, in her hands, a vehicle for unprecedented and eye-popping new spaces. Her buildings elevated uncertainty to an art, conveyed in the odd ways.‎ Her work implying mobility, speed, freedom and uncertainty spoke to a worldview widely shared by a younger generation. “I am not European, I don’t do conventional work and I am a woman,’’ Strikingly Ms. Hadid never allowed herself on her work to be categorized by her background or her gender. And she was one of a kind, a path breaker. In 2004, she became the first woman to win the Pritzker Prize, architecture’s Nobel.‎ Zaha Hadid was born in Baghdad on October 31, 1950. Then in 1972, she arrived at the architectural association in London, a center for experimental design. Her teachers included Elia Zenghelis and Rem Koolhaas. “They aroused my ambition,” she would recall, “and taught me to trust even my strangest instincts.” By the 1980s she had established her own practice in London. And she began to draw attention with an unrealized plan in 1982—1983 for the Peak Club.‎ Her partner, Patrick Schumacher, played an instrumental and collaborative role in her career. Mr. Schumacher coined the term parametric(参数的) design to include the computer-based approach that helped the firm’s most weird concepts become reality. Ms. Hadid called what resulted in an organic language of architecture, based on these new tools, which allow us to combine highly complex forms into a fluid(流线的) and complete whole.‎ Her sources were nature, history or whatever she sought useful. When her Rosenthal ‎ Center, a relatively modest project, opened in 2003, Herbert Muschamp, the architecture critic declared it “the most important American building to be completed since the end of the cold war”.‎ ‎“She was bigger than life, a force of nature,” as Amale Andraos, the dean of Columbia University’s architecture school, put it, “she was a pioneer.”‎ She was. For women, for what cities can desire to build and for the art of architecture.‎ ‎56. What features the structures designed by Zaha Hadid?‎ A. Free architectural geometry. B. Conventional design.‎ C. Odd imagination. D. Colorful patterns.‎ ‎57. According to Paragraphs 3 and 4, which of the following statement is TRUE?‎ A. Zaha Hadid taught herself to trust instincts.‎ B. The plan for the Peak Club hasn’t been carried out.‎ C. The architect’s gender influenced her work dramatically.‎ D. Zaha Hadid was the first architect to win the Pritzker Prize.‎ ‎58. How did the computer-based approach make a difference to Zaha Hadid’s work?‎ A. It contributes to realizing the strange ideas.‎ B. It simplifies the complex structure as a whole.‎ C. It provides new tools to translate the language.‎ D. It serves as an instrument to interpret the concepts.‎ ‎59. The purpose of the passage is to____.‎ A. present Zaha Hadid’s life experience B. praise Zaha Hadid’s inspiration and diligence C. compare Zaha Hadid’s works in different times D. show Zaha Hadid’s great contributions to architecture ‎【答案】56. A 57. B 58. A 59. D ‎【解析】‎ 本文是记叙文。文章讲述了女性建筑家扎哈·哈迪德对城市建筑所做出的贡献。‎ ‎【56题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“She liberated architectural geometry( 几何), giving it a whole new expressive identity. Geometry became, in her hands, a vehicle for unprecedented and eye-popping ‎ new spaces.”可知，她解放了建筑几何学，赋予它一种全新的表现身份，几何学在她手中成为了一个前所未有的、令人瞠目结舌的新空间的载体。由此可知，扎哈·哈迪德设计的结构特点是自由的建筑几何。故A项正确。‎ ‎【57题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“And she began to draw attention with an unrealized plan in 1982—1983 for the Peak Club.”可知，1982年至1983年，她为匹克俱乐部制定了一项未实现的计划，开始引起人们的注意。未实现的计划，也就是说她的匹克俱乐部的计划没有被实施。故B项正确。‎ ‎【58题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据倒数第四段中的“Mr. Schumacher coined the term parametric(参数的) design to include the computer-based approach that helped the firm’s most weird concepts become reality.”可知，舒马赫创造了“参数化设计”这个术语，以包括基于计算机的方法，这种方法帮助公司将最怪异的概念变成了现实。由此可知，基于计算机的方法有助于实现扎哈·哈迪德的奇怪的想法。故A项正确。‎ ‎【59题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段中的“Dame Zaha Hadid, the Iraqi-born British architect whose tall structures left a mark on skylines and imaginations around the world and in the process reshaped architecture for the modern age.”可知，英国建筑家扎哈·哈迪德设计的高大的建筑在世界各地的天际线和想象中留下了印记，并在这一过程中重塑了现代建筑。由此可知，本文主要介绍的就是扎哈·哈迪德对建筑所做出的贡献，故D项正确。‎ ‎ (B)‎ ‎2020 SAN FRANCISCO WRITERS CONFERENCE ‎17th Celebration of Craft, Commerce & Community February 13-16, 2020 at the Hyatt Regency San Francisco Speakers: *Walter Mosley*Jonathan Maberry *Brooke Warner Plus authors, editors, publishers & literary agents from New York, L.A. & S.F. Bay Area Visit www.SFWriters.org to get event/contest/scholarship details, access online registration for the free SFWC Newsletter.‎ Considerable Early Discounts and Special Room Rates!‎ ‎2019 SAN FRANCISCO WRITING FOR CHANGE A one-day conference for all writers who want to change the world through their writing.‎ September 14th at the Unitarian Center Details and registration:‎ www.SFWritingforChange.org SFWC/San Francisco Writers Foundation is a nonprofit organization Behind the Scenes of a Writing Conference When you attend a writing conference, you see a facade that took months or longer to make up. Plenty is going on behind the scenes. Let’s take a look behind the curtain.‎ The day starts long before attendees walk through the door. Registration is set up, signs posted and tables arranged. Logistics (后勤) all fall on the conference organizers. For example, the annual conference I direct in San Francisco (see the poster above) is a simple one-day conference that takes more than eight months to put together and around 15 staff and volunteers to manage. Larger multi-day conferences have even more going on behind the scenes.‎ Overseeing it all is the conference director, a conductor who typically works with committee directors to make sure everything runs smoothly. Over the course of the conference, staffers make sure everything stays on track. It’s not unusual for staff to walk miles in a day and go without meals.‎ Conference staff and volunteers are always behind the curtains making sure your experience is perfect. The next time you attend a well-run writing conference, take a moment to thank staff and volunteers for their devotion. They deserve all the praise they can get because without them, there would be no conference.‎ ‎60. The underlined word facade refers to _______.‎ A. the effort behind the scenes B. the scenes visible to the public C. the literary masterpiece on display D. the material distributed at the meeting ‎61. What’s the latest time to start to arrange for the one-day conference in San Francisco?‎ A. July, 2019. B. March, 209.‎ C. September, 2019 . D. January, 2019.‎ ‎62. According to the writer, the attendees of the 2020 San Francisco Writers Conference should praise the ____.‎ A. three speakers B. authors and editors C. staff and volunteers D. corporate sponsors ‎【答案】60. B 61. D 62. C ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇应用文，介绍了2020年旧金山作家年会的相关信息和幕后筹备工作。‎ ‎【60题详解】‎ 词义猜测题。根据划线词后的“Plenty is going on behind the scenes.”可知，很多事情都是在幕后进行的，因此此处是说当你参加写作会议时，你会看到一个花了几个月甚至更长时间才形成的表面现象，也就是说与幕后发生的事情相比，你看到的只不过是表面现象而已，由此可知划线词指的是“公众可见的场景”。故B项正确。‎ ‎【61题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据Behind the Scenes of a Writing Conference部分第二段中的“The day starts long before attendees walk through the door. Registration is set up, signs posted and tables arranged. Logistics ( 后 勤 ) all fall on the conference organizers. For example, the annual conference I direct in San Francisco (see the poster above) is a simple one-day conference that takes more than eight months to put together”可知，这一天早在与会者走出大门之前就开始了，设立登记处，张贴标志，安排桌子，物流全部由会议组织者负责，例如，我在旧金山主持的年会（见上面的海报）是一个简单的为期一天的会议，总共需要8个多月的时间去准备，再根据海报上的时间“September 14th at the Unitarian Center Details and registration:”可知，9月14日在Unitarian中心登记详细信息和注册，而9月14日的八个月以前是1月份。由此可知，安排旧金山为期一天的会议最迟要在2019年1月开始。故D项正确。‎ ‎【62题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The next time you attend a well-run writing conference, take a moment to thank staff and volunteers for their devotion.”可知，下次你参加一个运行良好的写作会议时，花点时间感谢工作人员和志愿者的奉献。由此可知，作者认为参加2020年旧金山作家年会的人应该称赞此次年会的工作人员和志愿者。故C项正确。‎ ‎(C)‎ Each year, backed up by a growing anti-consumerist movement, people are using the holiday season to call on us all to shop less.‎ Driven by concerns about resource exhaustion, over recent years environmentalists have increasingly turned their sights on our “consumer culture”. Groups such as The Story of Stuff and Buy Nothing New Day are growing as a movement that increasingly blames all our ills on our desire to shop.‎ We clearly have a growing resource problem. The produces we make, buy, and use are often linked to the destruction of our waterways, biodiversity, climate and the land on which millions of people live. But to blame these issues on Christmas shoppers is misguided, and puts us in the old trap of blaming individuals for what is a systematic problem.‎ While we complain about environmental destruction over Christmas, environmentalists often forget what the holiday season actually means for many people. For most, Christmas isn’t an add-on to an already heavy shopping year. In fact, it is likely the only time of year many have the opportunity to spend on friends and family, or even just to buy the necessities needed for modern life.‎ This is particularly, true for Boxing Day, often the target of the strongest derision(嘲弄) by anti-consumerists. While we may laugh at the queues in front of the shops, for many, those sales provide the one chance to buy items they’ve needed all year. As Leigh Phillips argues, “this is one of the few times of the year that people can even hope to afford such ‘luxuries’, the Christmas presents their kids are asking for, or just an appliance that works.”‎ Indeed, the richest 7% of people are responsible for 50% of greenhouse gas emissions. This becomes particularly harmful when you take into account that those shopping on Boxing Day are only a small part of our consumption “problem” anyway. Why are environmentalists attacking these individuals, while ignoring such people as Russian billionaire Roman Abramovich, who has his own￡1.5bn yacht with a missile defence system?‎ Anyway, anti-consumerism has become a movement of wealthy people talking down to the working class about their life choices, while ignoring the real cause of our environmental problems. It is no wonder one is changing their behaviours—or that environmental destruction continues without any reduction in intensity.‎ ‎63. It is indicated in the 1st paragraph that during the holiday season, many consumers .‎ A. ignore resource problems B. are fascinated with presents C. are encouraged to spend less D. show great interest in the movement.‎ ‎64. It can be inferred from Paragraphs 2 and 3 that the environmentalist movement .‎ A. has targeted the wrong persons B. has achieved its intended purposes C. has taken environment-friendly measures D. has benefited both consumers and producers ‎65. The example of Roman Abramovich is used to show environmentalists’ .‎ A. madness about life choices B. discontent with rich lifestyle C ignorance about the real cause D. disrespect for holiday shoppers ‎66. It can be concluded from the text that telling people not to shop at Christmas is .‎ A. anything less than a responsibility B. nothing more than a bias C. indicative of environmental awareness D. unacceptable to ordinary people ‎【答案】63. C 64. A 65. C 66. B ‎【解析】‎ 本文是说明文。文章介绍了反消费主义其实是富人对工人阶级的生活选择进行贬低的运动，而忽视了我们环境问题的真正原因，这丝毫不会让环境问题得到改善。‎ ‎【63题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“people are using the holiday season to call on us all to shop less.”可知，每年人们都利用假期呼吁我们大家减少购物。由此可知，在假期，消费者被鼓励少花钱。故C项正确。‎ ‎【64题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“But to blame these issues on Christmas shoppers is misguided, and puts us in the old trap of blaming individuals for what is a systematic problem.”可知，但是，把这些问题归咎于圣诞购物者是被误导的，让我们陷入了把一个系统性问题归咎于个人的老陷阱。由此可知，环境保护主义运动瞄准了错误的对象。故A项正确。‎ ‎【65题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Indeed, the richest 7% of people are responsible for 50% of greenhouse gas emissions. This becomes particularly harmful when you take into account that those shopping on Boxing Day are only a small part of our consumption “problem” anyway. Why are environmentalists attacking these individuals, while ignoring such people as Russian billionaire Roman Abramovich, who has his own￡1.5bn yacht with a missile defence system?”可知，事实上，最富有的7%的人要为50%的温室气体排放负责，当你考虑到节日购物只是我们消费“问题”的一小部分时，这会变得特别有害。为什么环保主义者攻击这些人，却无视俄罗斯亿万富翁阿布拉莫维奇这样的人？他拥有一艘价值15亿英镑、带有导弹防御系统的游艇，言外之意，造成环境问题的真正原因是那些亿万富翁，而不是普通民众的假日消费。‎ 由此可知，阿布拉莫维奇的例子就是用来表明环保主义者对造成环境问题的真正原因的无知的。故C项正确。‎ ‎【66题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Anyway, anti-consumerism has become a movement of wealthy people talking down to the working class about their life choices, while ignoring the real cause of our environmental problems.”可知，不管怎样，反消费主义已经成为一场富人对工人阶级的生活选择进行贬低的运动，而忽视了我们环境问题的真正原因。由此可知，告诉人们圣诞节不要购物不过是一种偏见。故B项正确。‎ ‎【点睛】本篇第3题推理判断题的难度较大，抓住作者在举例时措辞的褒贬是关键，根据倒数第二段中的“Indeed, the richest 7% of people are responsible for 50% of greenhouse gas emissions. This becomes particularly harmful when you take into account that those shopping on Boxing Day are only a small part of our consumption “problem” anyway. Why are environmentalists attacking these individuals, while ignoring such people as Russian billionaire Roman Abramovich, who has his own￡1.5bn yacht with a missile defence system?”可知，事实上，最富有的7%的人要为50%的温室气体排放负责，当你考虑到节日购物只是我们消费“问题”的一小部分时，这会变得特别有害，为什么环保主义者攻击这些人，却无视俄罗斯亿万富翁阿布拉莫维奇这样的人？他拥有一艘价值15亿英镑、带有导弹防御系统的游艇，言外之意，造成环境问题的真正原因是那些亿万富翁，而不是普通民众的假日消费，由此可知，阿布拉莫维奇的例子就是用来表明环保主义者对造成环境问题的真正原因的无知的，故C项正确。‎ Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.‎ The Ban on Trading Ivory(象牙) is Unfair but Necessary As in some countries elephant population have recovered, there are competing proposals about how absolute the ban on elephant trading should be. Countries seeking a modest relaxation have a strong case to make. But it is not strong enough. The ban must stay.‎ Understandably, countries that have done a good job protecting their elephants feel this is unfair. ___67___ And the real burden of all this is borne by poor local people who are in competition with wildlife for resources, and sometimes in conflict with it—elephants can be destructive. People and governments, so the argument goes, need to have an economic stake(利害关系) in the elephants’ survival. The ivory trade would give them one.‎ To understand why these reasonable-sounding proposals should be rejected, consider what has happened to elephant numbers since some legal trade was authorised, when Botswana, Namibia and South Africa were allowed in 2007 to sell a fixed amount of ivory to Japan. ___68___‎ A survey conducted in 2014-15 estimated that elephant numbers had fallen by 30% across 18 countries since 2007.‎ ‎___69___ In better-resourced national parks, drones are used to make it easier for park keepers to spot illegal hunters. DNA testing of ivory can identify where they came from, and thus whether they are legal. As prices of the technologies fall and countries get richer, both technologies are likely to spread.‎ The objection to trade in products of endangered species is not moral. When the world is confident that it will boost elephant numbers rather than wipe them out, the ivory trade should be encouraged. ___70___ And until it does, the best hope for the elephant—and even more endangered species, such as rhinos(犀牛)—lies not in easing the ban on trading their products, but in enforcing it better.‎ A. Regrettably, that point has not yet come.‎ B. Elephant numbers started falling.‎ C. The existence of even a small legal market increases the opportunities for illegal trade.‎ D. They point out that they have devoted huge resources to the elephant.‎ E. In the long run technology can help make trade coexist with conservation.‎ F. One animal, as so often in the past, will attract much of the attention: the African elephant.‎ ‎【答案】67. D 68. B 69. E 70. A ‎【解析】‎ 本文是议论文。文章论述了禁止象牙交易可能是不公平的，但却是必要的。‎ ‎【67题详解】‎ 空前说可以理解，在保护大象方面做得很好的国家认为这是不公平的，再结合空后所说的而这一切的真正负担是由贫穷的当地人承担的，他们与野生动物争夺资源，有时与野生动物发生冲突，大象可能具有破坏性可知，此处解释不公平的原因，指的是这些国家的人民对大象投入了很多，希望得到回报，故D项（他们指出，他们为大象投入了大量资源）符合语境。故选D。‎ ‎【68题详解】‎ 空前说自从2007年博茨瓦纳、纳米比亚和南非被允许向日本出售固定数量象牙以来，大象数量就发生了变化，此处承接上文，说的是这一政策造成大量数量的减少，故B项（大象的数量开始下降）符合语境。故选B。‎ ‎【69题详解】‎ 空后说在资源较为充足的国家公园，无人机被用来让公园管理员更容易发现非法猎手，对象牙进行DNA检测可以确定它们来自哪里，从而确定它们是否合法，随着技术价格的下降和国家的富裕，这两种技术都有可能进一步扩大使用，因此此处是说技术在大象保护方面起着重要作用，故E项（从长远来看，技术可以帮助贸易与保护共存）符合语境。故选E。‎ ‎【70题详解】‎ 空前说当全世界都有信心增加大象数量而不是消灭它们时，象牙贸易应该受到鼓励，空后又说在这之前，不要放松对大象和犀牛等濒危物种产品的贸易禁令，要更好地执行禁令，因此此处与上文形成转折，说的是现在鼓励象牙贸易还不是时候，故A项（遗憾的是，这一刻尚未到来）符合语境。故选A。‎ ‎【点睛】在六选四的解题过程中，选项中的代词与上文中出现的名词或名词性短语的指代关系往往是重要线索，例如本篇第1题，根据空前的“Understandably, countries that have done a good job protecting their elephants feel this is unfair.”‎ 可知，可以理解，在保护大象方面做得很好的国家认为这是不公平的，再结合空后所说的而这一切的真正负担是由贫穷的当地人承担的，他们与野生动物争夺资源，有时与野生动物发生冲突，大象可能具有破坏性可知，此处解释这些国家认为禁止大象交易是不公平的原因，指的是这些国家的人民对大象投入了很多，希望得到回报，D项中的They指代的就是前面的“countries”，故D项（他们指出，他们为大象投入了大量资源）符合语境。‎ IV. Summary Writing ‎71.Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.‎ How Supermarkets Are Changing Britain The British love their supermarkets. And there are more and more of them every year. But is this a good thing?‎ Not necessarily. For a start, many small shops can’t compete on price with superstores such as Tesco. And they don’t have as many products either. As a result, 36% of the UK’s small shops shut down between 1990 and 1996 while the number of supermarkets increased from 457 to 1,102. Supermarkets have even had a negative effect on the British pub. Beer and wine is much cheaper in a supermarket than in a pub. There are now over 55,000 supermarkets in the UK, but less than 55,000 pubs. A decade ago there were more than 61,000. These days, pubs are closing at the rate of 39 a week!‎ Supermarkets are also bad for animal welfare. The UK has high standards in this field, but some supermarkets get their meat from abroad. And in many cases, this meat is produced under conditions that would be illegal in the UK. But once they’ve got the meat, supermarkets put a British flag on the product as the meat is packed there. Dishonest? Not exactly, but it isn’t entirely true either!‎ Supermarkets have a poor environmental record too. Many of them don’t store food products themselves as storage space is expensive, so they get food producers to do it for them. This means that supermarket lorries have to make more trips to collect supplies. In turn, this increases the amount of petrol used, which leads to more pollution. Supermarkets also use a lot of plastic packaging, which isn’t good for the environment either.‎ So, what can be done to help the “little guys”? Not much really. Supermarkets have a lot of power. Many political parties receive donations from supermarkets. And supermarkets often use their money to influence decisions. For example, just before the year 2000, one ‎ supermarket gave the government £12 million to help build the Millennium Dome in London. Later, plans to tax supermarket car parks were dropped.‎ ‎【答案】British love for supermarkets is not always a good thing. First, supermarkets cause the closure of many small shops and bars as they can't compete with the supermarkets. Second, supermarkets also go against animal welfare as the meat is produced illegally. Third, supermarkets do harm to environment. Last, supermarkets usually get great support from political parties.‎ ‎【解析】‎ 本篇书面表达是概要写作，要求概括英国人对超市的喜爱并不总是件好事，首先，超市导致许多小商店和酒吧关闭，因为它们无法与超市竞争；其次，超市也不利于动物福利，因为这些肉是非法生产的；第三，超市对环境有害；最后，超市通常得到政党的大力支持，注意词数要求和使用自己的语言。‎ ‎【详解】1、写之前，需要认真仔细地读几遍原文材料，让理解更深刻。‎ ‎2、遵循原文的逻辑顺序，对重要部分的主题、标题、细节进行概括，全面清晰地表明原文信息。‎ ‎3、给摘要起一个好标题，比如：可以采用文中的主题句。‎ ‎4、尽量使用自己的话完成，不要引用原文的句子，篇幅控制在原文的三分之一或四分之一长。‎ V. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.‎ ‎72. 何不喝杯咖啡提一下神？（Why）‎ ‎73. 随着每年元旦的临近，人们常常会反思这一年的得与失。（reflect）‎ ‎74. 几个月前举行的展览如同一扇窗，从这里，世界能看到这个国家古老的文明从哪里来，向何处去。（which）‎ ‎75. 登山运动的吸引力不仅在于运动员之间的激烈竞争，还体现在运动员与自然环境的抗争中。（Not only）‎ ‎【答案】72. Why not have a cup of coffee to refresh yourself? ‎ ‎73. As each New Year’s Day approaches/comes near/draws near, people often reflect on their gains and losses in the year. ‎ ‎74. The exhibition held several months ago was like a window, through which the world could see ‎ where the ancient civilization of this country came from and where it was heading. ‎ ‎75. Not only does the appeal/attraction of mountain climbing lie in the fierce competition between athletes, but it is also reflected in the athletes’ fight against the natural environment. (the fight between the athletes and the natural environment)‎ ‎【解析】‎ 本题考查翻译句子，注意使用括号内的提示词进行翻译。‎ ‎【72题详解】‎ 考查固定句式和非谓语动词。根据句意可知本句用why not do?（为什么不……）表示一种委婉的建议，同时喝咖啡的目的是提神，所以用不定式做目的状语，故翻译为：Why not have a cup of coffee to refresh yourself?‎ ‎【73题详解】‎ 考查固定短语和时间状语从句。reflect on表示“反思、反省”，根据句意可知用as引导时间状语从句，表示“随着”，从句用一般现在时表示将来的动作，故翻译为：As each New Year’ s Day approaches/comes near/draws near, people often reflect on their gains and losses in the year.‎ ‎【74题详解】‎ 考查宾语从句和非限定性定语从句。根据句意可知本句用“介词+关系代词”形式的非限定性定语从句，用which指代先行词window并在从句中做介词through的宾语，同时又包含了一个宾语从句，用where在宾语从句中做地点状语，语境表明事情发生在过去，应该用一般过去时，故翻译为：The exhibition held several months ago was like a window, through which the world could see where the ancient civilization of this country came from and where it was heading.‎ ‎【75题详解】‎ 考查部分倒装。当not only…but also连接两个并列的分句，即not only和but also后都有主谓结构时，如果not only位于第一分句的主语前，则该分句要部分倒装，but also后不倒装，陈述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，故翻译为：Not only does the appeal/attraction of mountain climbing lie in the fierce competition between athletes, but it is also reflected in the athletes’ fight against the natural environment. (the fight between the athletes and the natural environment)‎ VI. Guided Writing ‎76.Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.‎ 文华中学的读书节即将展开，学校将给每个班级配发图书（按下图显示的比例），放置在班级中，总量为20本。现在学校向学生们征求意见，假设你是该学校的学生李华， 请你给学校写封邮件，描述提供的图书类型并谈谈你的意见与建议。（学科辅导类： test-prep books）‎ ‎___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【答案】Dear head master,‎ I'm Li Hua, a student from Grade 3,Class 1,I'm very glad to hear that our school has decided to distribute 20 new books to each class's reading corner which consists of 10 test-prep books, 6 comic books, 3 nonfiction books and a literature book. However, I don't think this proportional distribution is balanced, as the proportion of test-prep books is too large, and the proportion of literature books is too small, so I think we should replace the four of test-prep books with literature books, especially the books of traditional Chinese studies, which can not only make us feel relaxed in the busy study, but also can broaden our horizons and cultivate our sentiment.‎ In view of the reasons above, I think it is necessary to adjust the proportional distribution, and I would appreciate it if you would take my suggestion into consideration.‎ ‎ Yours truly,‎ Li Hua ‎【解析】‎ 本篇书面表达是应用文，要求写一封书信。‎ ‎【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，本文要求写一封电子邮件：文华中学的读书节即将展开，学校将给每个班级配发图书（按下图显示的比例），放置在班级中，总量为 20 ‎ 本。现在学校向学生们征求意见，假设你是该学校的学生李华， 请你给学校写封邮件，描述提供的图书类型并谈谈你的意见与建议。时态应为一般现在时。‎ 第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如； test-prep books（学科辅导类），distribute（配发），proportional distribution（比例分配），balanced（均衡的）， traditional Chinese studies（国学）及adjust（调整）等。‎ 第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。‎ 第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持卷面的整洁美观。‎ ‎【点睛】范文语言地道，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级词汇和句式，高级词汇有consist of （由……组成），decide to do（决定做），replace A with B (用B替换A)，be broaden one's horizons（开阔视野）以及take sth. into consideration（将……纳入考虑之中），而且还使用了非限定性定语从句“so I think we should replace the four of test-prep books with literature books, especially the books of traditional Chinese studies, which can not only make us feel relaxed in the busy study, but also can broaden our horizons and cultivate our sentiment.”，定语从句“I'm very glad to hear that our school has decided to distribute 20 new books to each class's reading corner which consists of 10 test-prep books, 6 comic books, 3 nonfiction books and a literature book.”，形式主语和形式宾语“In view of the reasons above, I think it is necessary to adjust the proportional distribution, and I would appreciate it if you would take my suggestion into consideration.”，全文没有语法错误，上下句转换自然流畅。‎