冲刺2019年高考英语黄金考点解析解密10定语从句 27页

【考点解读】 定语从句的用法较为复杂，高考除了单独考查定语从句知识外，还常常结合句式结 构、时态等来综合考查。纵观近几年各地高考试题，不难发现其考点主要包括： 1. 考查关系代词和关系副词的区分。如: that, which 和 where, when 的区分; that, which 和 why 的区分等。 2. 考查 whose 的使用。whose 可以指代人或物, 在定语从句中作定语, 后跟名词。指物时, whose＋名词＝名 词＋ of which ＝ of which＋名词。如： The classroom whose door/the door of which/of which the door is broken is on the second floor. 3. 考查 as/which 引导的非限制性定语从句。尤其要重视 which，as 引导的非限制性定语从 句和 it，what 引 导的主语从句的区分。 4. 考查定语从句中的主谓一致现象。如： I, who am your close friend, will try my best to help you whenever you are in trouble. 5. 考查“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，关系代 词指人时用 whom， 指物时用 which，不能用 that。关系代词作定语时也可用 whose。如： The teacher in front of whose house stands a tall tree is very patient with his students. 6. 考查一些特殊的先行词。如: 当 situation, point, case, activity, scene 及 period, festival, occasion 等出现时, 要 注意具体情况具体分析; 作主语、宾语和表语时, 用关系代词 that/which; 作状语时, 用 关系副词 where/when 或“介词＋which”, 表示在某种特定的情形下。 7. 考查定语从句、强调句、时间状语从句等的区别。 【高考预测】 定语从句是历年高考的重点，主要考查常见关系代词和关系副词的用法，比如 which/that/as/ when/where 的用法及区别性的选择等，及与其他从句如名词性从句的区别 等。在高考的中主要体现在语法填空，短文改错，完型填空等中，且完形填空 80%每年会出 一道题。 1. 定语从句中的引导词及其在从句中的作用 所作成分 代替人 代替物 代替人或物 主语 who which that 宾语 whom/who which that 定语 whose/of whom whose/of which ☞Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他是那个想见你的男人吗？(who/that 在从句 中作主语) ☞He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that 在从 句中作宾语) ☞The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher.刚才和你说话的那个男人是我 们的英语老师。 ☞The package(which/that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的那个包裹快要散开了。(which/that 在从句中作宾语) ☞A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan. 双亲都死了的孩子叫作孤儿。(whose 表示那个孩子的双亲) ☞He lives in a room whose window faces south. 他住在那个窗户朝南的房子里。(whose 表示那个房子的窗户) 2. 关系代词 that 和 which 的用法区别 情况 说明 只用 that 先行词是不定代词或由不定代词修饰时 不用 which 先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被其修饰时 先行词被 the very，the only 等修饰时 主句是以 which，what，who 开头的特殊疑问句时 先行词既有人也有物时 两个定语从句中一个关系代词用 which，另一个要用 that 只用 which 不用 that 引导非限制性定语从句时 关系代词前有介词时 先行词本身是 that 时 ☞It is the best film(that)I have seen.这是我看过的最棒的电影。 ☞He is the very man that they are looking for.他正是他们在寻找的人。 ☞They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school. 他们谈到他们记得的学校的那些人和事。 3. 关系代词 as 引导限制性定语从句的用法 （1）as 既可指人又可指物，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语等，引导限制性定语从句时的固 定搭配：the same ...as ...；such ...as ...；so/as ...as ... ☞She is such a nice girl as we all like.她是一个我们大家都喜欢的好女孩。 【注意】 ①This is such a beautiful park that everyone wants to visit it. 这是一个如此漂亮的公园以至于每个人都想去参观。 ②This is such a beautiful park as everyone wants to visit.这是一个如此漂亮的每个人都想 去参观的公园。 句①由于从句中不缺少任何语法成分，故从句在这个结构中为结果状语从句。 句②从句中动词 visit 缺少宾语，故应用关系代词 as 引导定语从句。 （2）the same ...as 与 the same ...that 的区别： 错误! ☞This is the same pen as I bought yesterday. 这和我昨天买的那支钢笔一样。 ☞This is the same pen that I bought yesterday.这就是我昨天买的那支钢笔。学优高考网 1. (2017·新课标卷 III·短文改错)Around me in picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments. 【参考答案】 they→that/which 【答案解析】考查定语从句。they 不能引导定语从句，因为指代 things，所以把 they 改为 that 或者 which。 2.(2017·北京卷·单项填空）The little problems ________ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions. A. that B. as C. where D. when 【参考答案】A 3.Among the many dangers__________ sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog. A. which B. what C. where D. when 【参考答案】A 1. 常用的关系副词：when，why，where(在从句中只作状语) 2. 意义及作用 关系副词 先行词 在从句中的成分 when 名词，表时间 时间状语 why 名词，表原因 原因状语 where 名词，表地点 地点状语 ☞I’ll never forget the day(that/which)we spent together last week. 我将永远不会忘记上周我们一起度过的那一天。 ☞I’ll never forget the day when I got to know you.我将永远不会忘记我认识你的那天。 ☞I don’t like the way(that/in which)he talks.我不喜欢他谈话的方式。 ☞Do you know the reason why(for which)he was so sorry?你知道他那么难过的原因吗？ 【注意】 ①在口语和非正式场合, when, where 和 why 或相当于关系副词的 “介词＋which”结构可用 that 来代替并可省略。 ☞Do you know anywhere (that) I can get a drink? 你知道在哪儿我能喝杯酒吗？ ②why 或 that 引导的定语从句, 先行词是 reason, 且 reason 又作主句 主语时, 表语从句不能用 because 引导, 而要用 that 引导。其句型 为：The reason why...is that...或 The reason that...is that...。 ☞The reason why he was late for school was that he was injured in the traffic accident on his way to school. 他上学迟到的原因是他在上学路上的交通事故中受伤了。 ☞ The reason that he explained at the meeting was that he had to look after his mother in hospital. 他在会上解释的原因是他不得不去照顾他住院的母亲。 ③“地点模糊”的先行词后跟 where 引导的定语从句。当先行词为 point, situation, conditions, case, position, stage, scene, spot, activity, family, job 等表示某人/物所处的情况、发展的 阶段或表达某事的某个方面时, 用 where 引导定语从句, where 相当于 from which, under which 等, 表示“在这种情况下”, “从……中”等。 ☞We’re just trying to reach a point where both sides will sit down together and talk. 我们只是尽力想能达到双方共同坐下来商谈的地步。 3. 关系代词与关系副词的选择依据 ①考虑代替先行词的关系词在从句中充当的语法成分, 如果关系词在从句中作主语、表语、 宾语和定语, 就用关系代词；如果关系词在从句中作状语, 就用关系副词。 ☞The house where he lives needs repairing. which/that he lives in 他住的房子需要修理。 ☞Have you asked her for the reason that/which my explain her absence? why she was absent? 你是否问过她缺席的原因？ ②辨别先行词表示的是人、物、时间、地点还是原因。 ☞I don’t like the man who always speaks ill of others. 我不喜欢总是说他人坏话的人。 ☞I will never forget the days when we worked together. 我永远也忘不了我们在一起工作的日子。 ③判断从句是限制性还是非限制性定语从句。 ☞A dictionary is a book that gives the meanings of words. 词典是解释词语意思的书。 ☞A dictionary is a book, which gives the meanings of words. 词典是一本书, 它给出词语的意思。 ④判断关系词在从句中作宾语还是作状语, 取决于定语从句中的谓语动词。 ☞This is the point where I disagree. 这就是我不同意的地方。(disagree 为不及物动词, 故关系词用 where。) ☞This is the point (which/that) I disagree with. 这就是我不同意的地方。(从句缺少介词 with 的宾语, 用 that/which 引导, 也可以 省略) 1.（2016·天津卷）We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, the weather may be better. A. that B. where C. which D. when 【参考答案】D 【易错提醒】 当先行词是时间名词时，既可以用 when 引导定语从句，也可以用 that 或 which 引导定语从 句，关键要看关系词在从句中作何种成分。若关系词在定语从句中充当状语，用 when 引导； 若关系词在从句中充当主语或宾语，则用 that 或 which 引导。如： ☛Do you remember the days when we chatted with each other all night? 你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗？（when 在从句中作状语） ☛Do you remember the days that/which we spent together on the farm? 你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗？（that 或 which 作 spent 的宾语） 2. Experiments with domestic dogs, one animal was given a treat and another denied, have shown that they possess a sense of fairness as they shared their treats. A. what B. where C. that D. which 【参考答案】B 一、有时从句中的介词可以提前到关系代词之前，形成＂介词＋关系代词＂结构，关系代词 可以用 which， whose，whom，不可以用 that。＂介词＋关系代词＂引导定语从句常见的有以下几种结 构： （1）介词＋关系代词 ☞Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice. ＝Mandela was the black lawyer whom I went to for advice.曼德拉是我寻求帮助的一位黑 人律师。 （2）名词/代词/数词＋介词＋关系代词 ☞He wrote a book, the name of which I’ve completely forgotten. 他写了一本书，书名我完全给忘记了。学优高考网 ☞The old man has two daughters, both of whom are doctors. 那位老人有两个女儿，她们都是医生。 （3）形容词最高级＋介词＋关系代词 ☞China has thousands of islands，the largest of which is Taiwan. 中国有成千上万的岛屿，其中最大的是台湾。 （4）介词＋关系代词＋名词 ☞I called him by the wrong name，for which mistake I apologized. 我叫错了他的名字，为此我向他表示了歉意。(不能使用 whose) 二、＂介词＋关系代词＂结构中介词的选用 1.一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下三方面入手：①先行词的意义；②从句中 的动词或形容词 与先行词的固定搭配；③句子的意思。 ☞I’ll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country. 我永远不会忘记孩童时代我在乡村度过的时光。 2. 表示＂整体和部分关系＂，介词常用 of。在 some，any，few，none，all，both，neither， most，each 等 代词或数词的前、后可以用 of which/whom。 ☞John invited about 40 people to his wedding，most of whom are family members. 约翰邀请了大约 40 人参加他的婚礼，他们当中绝大部分是家庭成员。 3.有时＂介词＋where＂可以引导定语从句，此时要和＂介词＋which＂引导的定语从句从意 思上加以区别。 ☞His head soon appeared out of the window，from where he saw nothing but trees. 他的头很快从窗口探了出来，从那里除了树木他什么也看不到。(from where 相当于 from out of the window，而不是 from the window) 三、 of whom, of which 与 whose 的用法解析。 1. whose 的用法 ①whose 引导定语从句, 后应紧跟名词, 构成名词短语。 ☞The boy, whose father is an engineer, studies very hard. 那位小男孩学习很努力, 他的父亲是位工程师。 ②whose 引导定语从句时, 先行词既可指人, 也可指物。 ☞The bicycle, whose brake was damaged, has now been repaired. 那辆自行车的闸坏了, 现在已修好了。 ③whose在定语从句中与它所修饰的名词一起可作介词宾语, 可以与介词一起放在先行 词与从句之间。 在 whose 引导的定语从句中, 可用 of which 代替 whose, 但词序不同, 即“whose＋名 词＝the＋名词＋ of＋which”；而用 of whom 代替时只能指人, 有时可以与 whose 互换。 ☞The boss, in whose factory Mary's father once worked, is kind to her. 老板对玛丽很好, 玛丽的父亲曾经在他的工厂工作过。 ☞He lives in the room whose window (the window of which) faces south. 他住在窗户朝南的房间里。 2. 下列情况只用 of which 或 of whom, 而不用 whose 引导定语从句。 ①定语从句的主语是 some, many, few, little, much, most 等词时 , 用 of which/whom, 不用 whose。 ☞Here are the questions, some of which I thought difficult for you. 就是这些问题, 我认为其中一些对你来说有难度。 ☞Present at the meeting were almost experts on DNA, most of whom came from the USA. 出席会议的大多是 DNA 专家, 其中大部分来自美国。 ②定语从句的主语是 all, both, neither, each, none 等词时, 用 of which/whom, 不用 whose。 ☞He has two sons, both of whom are doctors. 他有两个儿子, 都是医生。 ☞I bought him two pieces of clothing, neither of which he likes. 我给他买了两件衣服, 他一件也不喜欢。 ③定语从句的主语是表示数量的词时, 用 of which/ whom, 不用 whose。 ☞Here are many books, two of which he borrowed. 这儿有许多书, 他借走了两本。 1.(2017·江苏卷) In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of ________ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation. A. which B. its C. whose D. whom 【参考答案】C 2.（2016 • 江苏卷）Many young people, most _________were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. A. of which B. of them C. of whom D. of those 【参考答案】C 【答案解析】考查定语从句。本题定语从句的先行词是 Many young people，关系代词 whom 指代先行词，在定语从句中作介词 of 的宾语。句意：很多年轻人都前往偏远地区追求它们 的梦想，其中大部分人都受过良好教育。故 C 项正确。 一、可以引导非限制性定语从句的引导词 大部分可以引导限制性定语从句的关系词也可以引导非限制性定语从句，但是关系代词that和关系副 词why通常除外。 1. 关系代词 which 先行词通常是指物的名词或代词，其中先行词还可以是短语或整个句子。 ☞The villa, which we saw yesterday, is very beautiful. 我们昨天看的别墅很漂亮。（which 指代 the villa） ☞Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry. 汤姆上学总是迟到，这一点令他的老师很生气。（which 指代整个主句的内容） 2. 关系代词 who,whom 与 whose 先行词指人时，who 在引导的非限制性定语从句中作主语，whom 作宾语，whose 作定 语。 ☞Bob’s father, who worked on the project, spent four years in Egypt. 鲍勃的父亲从事这项工程，在埃及度过了四年。（who 作主语） ☞A young man had a new girlfriend, whom he wanted to impress. 一个年轻的小伙子新交了一个女朋友，他想给她留下深刻的印象。（whom 作宾语） ☞I decided to write about Chaplin, one of whose films I had seen several years before. 我决定写有关卓别林的文章，他的一部电影我几年前就看过了。（whose 作定语） 3. 关系副词 when 与 where 关系副词在所引导的非限制性定语从句中作状语，where 表示地点，when 表示时间。 ☞ Next month, when you ’ ll spend your summer holidays in your hometown, is approaching. 下个月即将来临，届时你们将在家乡度暑假。（when 指代表示时间的名词短语nextmonth，并 作从句的状语。） ☞She is going to live in Macao, where she has some close friends. 她要到澳门去居住，在那里她有几个密友。（where 指代表示地点的名词 Macao，并 在从句中作状语。） 4. as as 可以引导非限制性定语从句，常有＂正如……＂的意思，所引导的从句既可置于主 句之前， 也可置于主句之后。as 多用于固定搭配中： as is known to all 众所周知 as has been said before 如前所说 as is often the case 情况常常如此 as may be imagined 这可以想象得出 as has been pointed out 正如已经指出的那样 as often happens 这种情况常常发生 as is mentioned above 正如上面所提到的 ☞As you know, David is a photographer. =David, as you know, is a photographer. = David is a photographer, as you know. 戴维是名摄影师，你是知道的。（as 引导非限制定语从句，指代整个主句的内容。） 学优高考网 【易混辨析】as 与 which 引导非限制性定语从句时的区别 as which 指代 指代整个主句所表达的内 容 既可指代整个主句的内容，又可指代主 句中的一部分 位置 as 引导的非限制性定语从 句可以放在主句之前、句 which 引导的非限制性定语从句只能 放在主句之后 中或主句之后 意义 常常有＂正如，正像，关 于这一点＂的含义 which 引导的从句常常说明主句的情 况，和主句往往有逻辑上的因果关系。 which 的意思相当于 and this ☞As we know, smoking is harmful to one’s health. 众所周知，吸烟有害健康。（as 引导定语从句，位于句首，指代整个主句内容） ☞Allen has made much progress in English, which delighted us. 艾伦英语取得了很大进步，这使我们很高兴。（which 引导定语从句，相当于 and this， 表示因果关系） 二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 意 义 起限定作用，指特定的人或物，从 句不可省略，否则原句句意不完整 仅作补充或说明，若去掉从句，主句意思完 整 结 构 要求 紧跟先行词，从句与先行词之间不 加逗号 用逗号与先行词或主句隔开 功 能 修饰先行词 修饰先行词或整个主句 引 导 词 所有的关系代词及副词 关系代词或关系副词，但是关系代词 that 及关系副词 why 除外 省 略 情况 关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾 语时可以省去 非限制性定语从句的所有关系词均不可省 ☞The house, which we bought last month, lies in the center of the city. 那套房子位于市中心，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性定语从句，不表明有多少套房子） ☞The house (which/that) we bought last month lies in the center of the city. 我们上个月买的那套房子位于市中心。（限制性定语从句，暗含＂可能有若干套房子＂之 意） 1.（2017·新课标卷 I·语法填空）Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good for the health. 【参考答案】 which 2.（2017·新课标卷 II·短文改错）In their spare time, they are interesting（改为 interested） in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house. 【参考答案】 which 【答案解析】非限制性定语从句需要用 which 引导，故将 that 改为 which。 3. （2017·新课标卷 III·语法填空）But Sarah, 64 has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty. 【参考答案】 who 【答案解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知， 64 has taken part in shows along with top models 是非限制性定语从句，非限制性定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为 Sarah，指人， 要用 who。 4.（2016·全国新课标卷 I·语法填空）But my connection with pandas goes back 64（to） my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, 65 I was the first Western TV reporter 66 （permitted） (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. 【参考答案】when 【答案解析】考查定语从句。后面是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少状语，又因先行词是时 间，故填 when。 一、定语从句中需注意的问题 1. 当先行词为表示方式的 the way 时，从句不能用 how 来引导，应用 that 或 in which，或将 它们全部省略。 2. as 引导限制性定语从句时，常用于下列句式中：such＋名词＋as ...＂像……一样的＂；the same＋名词＋ as ...＂和……同样的＂。 3. 当先行词是 time 时，若 time 表示＂次数＂，应用 that 引导定语从句，并且 that 可以省略；若 time 表示＂一段时 间＂讲，应用 when 或＂at/during＋which＂引导定语从句。 ☞This is the second time(that)the president has visited the country.这是这位总统第二次 访问这个国家。 ☞This is at a time when/during which there were no radios，no telephones or no TV sets. 这是在一个没有收音机，没有电话，也没有电视的时代。 4. 定语从句中的主谓一致 当关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句中谓语动词的数原则上要与先行词保持一致，但要 注意以下几点：先行词是＂one of＋复数名词＂结构时，关系代词引导的定语从句中的谓语 动词一般用复数形式；但如有 the very，the only，the first，the last，the right 等修饰 one 时， 谓语动词用单数。 ☞This is one of the most interesting questions that have been asked.这是被问过的最有意 思的问题之一。 ☞She is the only one of the girls who studies hard.她是这些女孩中唯一一个刻苦学习的。 二、定语从句与地点状语从句的区别 当定语从句的引导词与地点状语从句的连接词都是 where 时，定语从句修饰、限制、 说明地点名词；而状语从句则说明动作发生的地点，where 没有对应的地点名词或代词。 ☞This is the place where we used to live a few years ago. 这就是几年前我们常居住的地方。（定语从句） ☞Let’s go where we can find a better job. 我们到我们能找到更好工作的地方去吧。（地点状语从句） 三、定语从句与强调句型的区别 定语从句对名词或代词的修饰和限制，关系词可能是 that, which, as, who, but, 另一方 面，句子中的 It 有所指；而强调句型是对某部分加强语气，强调语气的连接词只能是 that, who，并且句子中的 It 没有任何意义；一般比较明显，而有时就难以区别，还需要根据上 下文的语境来判断。 It is a book that he wants. 它究竟是强调句型还是定语从句，就要从语境上来考察。如果它是用来回答 What is this / that? 这样的问题，意思是：它是一本他想要的书。句子显然是定语从句。如果是用来回 答 What does he want? 这样的问题，那么意思是：他想要的是一本书。显然，句子是强调 句型。 题组一 基础过关 I. 用适当的关系词填空 1. I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week ， ________my classmates recommended to me. 2. English is a language shared by several diverse cultures，each of________uses it differently. 3. John invited about 40 people to his wedding，most of________are family members. 4. “You can’t judge a book by its cover，” ________the old saying goes. 5. Until now，we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children，________is quite unexpected. 6. Mr Smith，________foot was badly hurt，was quickly sent to the local hospital. 7. We live in an age________more information is available with greater ease than ever before. 8. The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister________she would stay for an hour. 9. The reason ________all people present are opposed to the project is that it will cause much pollution. 10. —What else do you want to say for yourselves? —Well，there is one point________we must insist on. 11. They have reached the point ________they have to separate with each other. 12. I’ll never forget the days ________we studied in the university. Ⅱ. 把下列句子合成一个含有非限制性定语从句的复合句 1. He is waiting for his passport. He spent 100 dollars on his passport. ________________________________________________________________________ 2. Cuzoo lies in the south of Peru and it was once known as the City of the Sun. ________________________________________________________________________ 3. My brother, Jim, is working in Paris，and Paris is the capital of France. ________________________________________________________________________ 4. The poor cat lived through the cold and snowy winter. It was beyond my expectation. ________________________________________________________________________ 5. The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year and 80% of them are sold abroad. ________________________________________________________________________ Ⅲ. 单句改错 1．Some of the boys I invited them didn’t come. ________________________________________________________________________ 2．Anyone who break the rules will be punished. ________________________________________________________________________ 3．Children eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth. ________________________________________________________________________ 4．This is the house where we lived in last year. ________________________________________________________________________ 5．This factory is that I worked in. ________________________________________________________________________ 6．Such people who you know are very friendly. _______________________________________________________________________ 7．Now children don't play the same games like we played in the past. _______________________________________________________________________ 8. The earth is round，that circles round the sun. _________________________________________________________________ 9. He had two sons，both of them are college students. _________________________________________________________________ 10. He failed in the exam，as made his father very angry. _________________________________________________________________ 11. I may have to work late，in that case I'll phone you. _________________________________________________________________ 12. He visited the Great Wall again，there he went two years ago. _________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 1.去掉 them 2.break→breaks 3.在 Children 后加 who/that 4.where→that/which 或去掉 in 5.在 is 后加 the one 6.who→as 7.like→as 8.that→which 9.them→whom 10.as→which 11.that→which 12.there→where 题组二 真题在线 1.（2017·北京）The little problems ______ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions. A. that B. as C. where D. when 【答案】A 2. （2016·北京）I live next door to a couple ________children often make a lot of noise. A. whose B. why C. where D. which 【答案】A 【解析】句意:我住在一对夫妻的隔壁,他们的孩子总是很吵闹。分析句子结构可知,空处在此 引导定语从 句修饰 a couple,且关系词在从句中作定语,故用关系代词 whose。学优高考网 3. （2015·浙江）Creating an atmosphere ________employees feel part of a team is a big challenge. A. as B. whose C. in which D. at which 【答案】C 【解析】句意:营造一种氛围,让员工们感觉(自己)是团队的一分子,此乃一大挑战。先行词是 atmosphere, 空 处在定语从句中作地点状语," 在……氛围中"用介词 in,所以选 C。 4. （2015·天津）The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere _______his employees enjoy their work. A. where B. which C. when D. who 【答案】A 【解析】句意:公司老板正在尽力营造一个员工们可以在其中快乐工作的轻松的氛围。空处 替代先行词 atmosphere,且在定语从句中作地点状语,故用关系副词。 5. （ 2015 · 天 津 ） As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time ________he should be able to be independent. A. which B. where C. whom D. when 【答案】D 【解析】句意:作为家里孩子中最小的一个,Alex 一直渴望着他能够有独立的时间。根据句子 结构来判断, 此句中 the time 后面是一个定语从句,且空处在从句中作状语,表示时间,所以要 用关系副词 when。 6.（2015·安徽）Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon ________ school education depends. A. it B. that C. whose D. which 【答案】D 7. （ 2016· 江 苏 ） Many young people, most _______were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. A.of which B.of them C.of whom D.of those 【答案】C 【解析】考查定语从句。定语从句的先行词是 young people, most 表示他们中的大多数,因此 应该使用 most of whom。因为先行词指人,不能选择 of which。 8.（2016·浙江）Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of ________has been proved. A.whom B.which C.what D.that 【答案】B 9.（2016·天津）We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, ________the weather may be better. A.that B.where C.which D.when 【答案】D 【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处在此引导定语从句,先行词为 next week, 且 关系词在定 语从句中作时间状语,故用 when。 10.（2016·湖南）It is a truly delightful place, ________looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages. A.as B.where C.that D.which 【答案】D 【解析】句意:这实在是一个招人喜欢的地方。它看起来一定和一百年前一样,有着蜿蜒的街 道和美丽的 农舍。先行词是 place,非限制性定语从句缺主语,故选 D。as 引导非限制性定语 从句时往往有＂正如, 就 像＂的意思。 11.（2015·四川）The books on the desk, ________covers are shiny, are prizes for us. A.which B.what C.whose D.that 【答案】C 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:桌上的书是给我们的奖品,这些书的封面是光亮的。定语从句 的先行词为 books,它与定语从句的主语是所属关系,所以用关系代词 whose 引导定语从句。 题组三 名校模拟 Ⅰ. 单项填空 1. She is looking forward to the day her daughter wins the gold medal in the Olympics. A.how B.which C.when D.where 【答案】C 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:她盼望着女儿在奥运会中获得金牌的那一天(的到来)。空处引 导定语从句, 且在从句中作时间状语。故该定语从句应用 when 引导。 2. Some citizens will attend a meeting to be held by our city government, the opinions can be voiced freely there. A.of which B.of whom C.in which D.in whom 【答案】B 3. He is commonly regarded as a funny man rather than as a reformer , at bottom, he is. A.when B.where C.that D.which 【答案】C 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:他通常被认为是个滑稽的人而非一个改革者,但他实际上就是 一个改革者。 分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,指代先行词 a reformer,并在定语从 句中充当表语,故用 that。 4. It was funny that he should have told such a funny story made everyone present burst into laughter. A.as B.that C.which D.what 【答案】A 5. I will go to Paris to attend an exhibition many world-famous companies will present their latest products. A.when B.which C.where D.whose 【答案】C 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:我将去巴黎参加一个展览会,在展览会上许多世界著名的公司 将展出他们 的最新产品。分析句子结构可知,空处在句中引导定语从句,先行词为 an exhibition,关系词在从句中作地 点状语,故应用 where 来引导该定语从句。 6. _________is generally believed, it is human activities that have contributed to the global warming. A.As B.That C.What D.It 【答案】A 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:人们普遍认为,正是人类活动导致了全球变暖。As 在此引导非 限制性定语 从句,指代主句的内容,并在定语从句中充当主语。 7. I remembered one of those cool moonlit evenings we walked hand in hand along the lake. A.which B.where C.when D.what 【答案】C 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:我记得在那样一个月朗风清的夜晚,我们手挽手在湖边散步。 先行词是 evenings,关系词在从句中作时间状语,故用 when。 8. They stayed up all night chatting, ______ explains why they are sleepy this morning. A. when B. who C. which D. where 【答案】C 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他们熬夜聊天，这是他们今早犯困的原因。此处为非限定性 定语从句，关系词指代前面的事情在从句中作主语，所以用 which 引导这个从句。 9. Opposite is St. Paul’s church, ______ you can hear some lovely music. A. which B. that C. when D. where 【答案】D 【解析】考查非限定性定语从句。句意：对面就是圣保罗教堂，在那你可以听见一些好听的 音乐。此处为非限定定语从句，先行词为 St. Paul’s church，从句中缺少地点状语。学优高 考网 10. Tony Garcia, is traveling to America because of a business meeting, is the only person that witnesses the murder. A. who B. whom C. that D. which 【答案】A 11. His best movie, won several awards, was about the life of Gandhi. A. which B. what C. that D. who 【答案】A 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:他最优秀的电影,就是荣获几个奖项的那一部,是关于甘地生平 的。分析句子结构可知,空处在此引导非限制性定语从句,并在定语从句中作主语,指代前面的 movie,故用 which。 12. I think there’s no place in the world like Fifth Avenue, is the center of New York. A. where B. that C. what D. which 【答案】D 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:我认为世界上没有一个地方是像第五大街那样的,它是纽约的 中心。分析句子结构可知,空处在此引导非限制性定语从句,且在从句中作主语,故用关系代词 which。 Ⅱ.语法填空 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Today I went in the melting snow to visit my 82-year-old friend. She needed help with her computer, so I went in for a computer repair and a chat. 1 I only managed to fix half of the problem, we had a lovely chat, and she presented me with some 2 (tradition) Portuguese cakes, called Queijadas de Sintra. She said a friend had posted 3 to her. Then we went to town to do some shopping. On the way back, I noticed a newly-opened coffee shop 4 (name) “Anglo-Milanese”, appealing to me. Being a fan of Italy and 5 (stay) in Milan a couple of years. I couldn’t help going to investigate. Once inside I noticed that people running the place were, in fact, Italian, so I placed my order 6 Italian and from then on we just started as if we 7 (know) each other for a lifetime. It was wonderful. 8 coffee shop is owned by four friends, two English people and two Italians. I ended up sharing my Queijadas Sintra with them 9 they loved the cakes very much. The lovely lady 10 sent those delicious cakes from Portugal could never have imagined that her gift would reach so far and make so many people smile. 【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了作者偶遇意大利人开的咖啡店，并且为此而开心的故事。 3. them 考查代词。此处的 them 指代上文的 traditional Portuguese cakes，作 动词 posted 的宾 语，故填 them. 4. named 考查过去分词。过去分词 named 作定语，修饰名词 shop，与之是被动关 系，故填 named. 5. having stayed 考查现在分词。句意：作为意大利球迷并且在米兰呆了几年了，我忍 不住去调查。 现在分词的完成式 having stayed 作状语，与主语 I 是主动关系，而且“呆在米兰”这个 动作先于本句谓语动词的动作发生， 所以要用现在分词的完成式，故填 having stayed. 6. in 考查介词。句意：所以我用意大利语下了定单，就好像我们已经认识很多 年了。固 定用法：in Italian（用意大利语），故填 in. 7. had known 考查时态。句意：所以我用意大利语下了定单，就好像我们已经认识 很多年了。本 句是由 as if 引导的一个虚拟语气，说的是与过去 事实相反的事情，所以用过去完成 时态，故填 had known.