2020-2021年高考英语一轮复习 Unit 5 Canada-The True North 30页

2020-2021 年高考英语一轮复习 Unit 5 Canada-The True North 【核心素养分析】 语言知识 ：要求考生掌握并能运用英语词汇、语法基础知识以及所学话题。 1.考纲内要掌握的词汇、短语和句型 项目 单词及其词性变化（语法填空必备） 重点单词 1．minister n．大臣；部长 2．chat vi. & n．聊天；闲聊 3．scenery n．景色；风景 4．eastward adv. & adj.向东；向东的；朝东的→westward adv. & adj.(反义词)向西，向西的；朝 西的 5．surround vt. & vi.包围；围绕→surroundings n．(复)周围的事物；环境→surrounding adj.周围 的 6．measure vi. & vt.测量；衡量；判定 n．计量制；计量单位；措施 7．aboard prep. & adv.在船、飞机、火车或公共汽车上→board vt. & n．(在/上)船等 8．within prep.在……之内 9．border n．边界；国界；边沿 vt. & vi.与……接壤；接近 10．slight adj.轻微的；微小的→slightly adv.稍微；轻微地 11．mix vt. & vi.混合；调配→mixture n．混合(物)；混合状态 12．confirm vt.证实；证明；批准 13．wealthy adj. & n．富有的；富人；有钱人→wealth n．财富 14．distance n．距离；远方→distant adj.远的，远方的 15．broad adj.宽阔的；广泛的 16．nearby adv.在附近 adj.附近的；邻近的 17．tradition n．传统；风俗→traditional adj.传统的 18．terrify vt.使恐怖；恐吓→terrifying adj.令人畏惧的→terrified adj.感到畏惧的→terror n．恐惧 →terrible adj.恐怖的；恐惧的 19．impress vt.使印象深刻；使铭记→impression n．印象→impressive adj.给人深刻印象的；感 2. 语法基础知识——状语从句 主题语境：话题——自然地理（人与自然） 语言技能：能在主题语境下，运用所学的语言知识写出日常生活事物的应用文，能够以较丰 富的语言写出读后续写的故事。 【基础巩固】 知识点 1．surround vt.&vi.包围，环绕，围绕 【归纳拓展】 surrounding adj.周围的 人的 重点短语 1．rather than 与其；不愿 2．be surrounded by/with 被……包围 3．settle down 定居；平静下来；专心于 4．manage to do 设法做 5．catch sight of 看见；瞥见 6．have a gift for 对……有天赋 7．in the distance 在远处 8．as far as 远到；直到；至于 9．at dawn 在黎明，在拂晓 10．thousands of 成千上万的 经典句型 （高考书 面表达必 备） 1．Rather than take the aeroplane all the way, they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train from west to east across Canada. 她们不想一路乘飞机，她们决定先飞到温哥华，再从西海岸乘 火车横穿加拿大到达东海岸。 2．It's too bad you can't go as far as Ottawa, Canada's capital.很遗憾你们不能远到渥太华——加拿 大的首都。 3．“We don't leave until this evening，” said Liu Qian.“我们直到晚上才动身。”刘倩说道。 必备语法 （高级句 型） 状语从句 surroundings n. (pl.)环境 be surrounded with/by... 被……环绕/包围 in a surrounding area 在周围地区 be situated/located in very pleasant surroundings 位于优美的环境中 【典例 1】 语法填空 1．Go on climbing to the top of the peak, and you will see all the ______（surround） hills. 【答案】surrounding 【解析】考查形容词。句意：继续爬到山顶，你就会看到周围的群山。此处是形容词修饰名 词，故填 surrounding。 2．（北京高三）After class, the teacher couldn’t leave, （surround）by the students. 【答案】surrounded 【解析】考查非谓语作状语。句意：下课后，老师无法离开，因为被学生们围住了。分析句 子可知，本句是省略句。主从句主语一致，从句的主语省略，而主语 the teacher 与动词 surround 二者是被动关系，be surrounded by…意为“被…..包围”。故要用过去分词作状语，故填 surrounded。 3．（江苏扬州中学月考）________（surround） by green mountains and located at the foot of LuShan Mountain makes it a famous tourist attraction. 【答案】Being surrounded 【解析】考查动名词被动式作主语。句意: 被青山环绕、坐落于庐山脚下使得这里成为著名 的旅游胜地。分析题干可知，makes 为句子的谓语，前面应为动名词形式作主语。根据 by 可知此处应用动名词的被动形式，故填 Being surrounded。 4．____________（surround） yourself with inspiring people, one thing I’ve learned from my years of work experience, is just as important as being talented or working hard. 【答案】Surrounding 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我从自己多年的工作经验中学习到了一件事——与鼓舞人 心的人在一起和拥有天赋、努力工作是一样重要的。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处应用动 名词短语作主语，故填 Surrounding。 5．（2019·天津南开中学期中）He felt relaxed and comfortable to be back in familiar________ （surround）. 【答案】surroundings 【解析】句意：他回到熟悉的环境后感到轻松和舒服。回到熟悉的环境才能感到放松和舒服， 此处环境是名词。故填 surroundings。 【变式】 单项选择 1．（2019·江苏宿迁中学高三期中）Mr. Smith, what do you think happiness mean to you, _________with family and friends or something else? A．to surround B．surrounded C．to be surrounded D．being surrounded 【答案】D 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：史密斯先生，你认为幸福对你来说意味着什么，是和家人 朋友在一起还是其它什么?短语 be surrounded with 被……所围绕，mean doing 意味着做……。 所以 be surrounded with 要用动名词形式在句中作动词 mean 的宾语。故选 D。 2．They live in a beautiful village, with many trees and flowers _______ it. A．surrounded B．surrounds C．surrounding D．to surround 【答案】C 【解析】试题分析：考查 with 复合结构：句意：他们住在一个绿树鲜花围绕的美丽的小村 子里。此处是 with+宾语+宾补结构，在此结构中宾语 trees and flowers 与动词 surround 是主 动关系，所以用现在分词表主动。故 C 正确。 3．（江苏泰州中学月考）When the teacher woke up in hospital, she found herself her students and was moved to tears. A．was surrounded by B．surrounding C．surrounded by D．surround 【答案】C 【解析】考查过去分词。句意：当老师在医院醒来时，发现被学生们围着，感动地哭了。句 中 herself 和动词 surround 是被动关系，此处是过去分词作宾补，故选 C. 完成句子 (1) The Los Angeles Basin ______ ________ _______ three sides ______ high mountains. 洛杉矶盆地三面都是高山。 (2) Animals in a zoo are not living ______ their natural ____________. 动物园里的动物们不是生活在自然环境之中。 (3) He desired to work in a pleasant _______.他希望能在令人愉快的环境下工作。 (4) She has always been _______ _______fashionable friends. (5) There is no such kind of modern hospital in the ________ areas. 【答案】(1) is surrounded ;on ; by (2 ) in ; surroundings (3 ) surroundings (4 ) surrounded with (5) surrounding 知识点 2．measure vi.&vt. 测量；衡量；判定 n.[c,u] 尺寸；量具；计量单位；措施 【归纳拓展】 make clothes to one‘s own measure 量体裁衣 by measure 按尺寸 take measures (steps) to do sth.采取措施 beyond measure 无法估量，极度，过分 be measured in 以……来计算 【典例 2】 语法填空 1．（2020·江苏盐城中学月考）The singer gave a brilliant concert at the opera house, with two songs ______ good measure. 【答案】for 【解析】考查固定短语。for good measure 额外，另外；分析句意可知，这里指歌手在演唱 会上加唱了两首歌。故填 for。 2．（2019·江苏期中）The river ________ （measure）at least 50 meters in width, but the ten-year-old boy can swim across it within minutes. 【答案】measures 【解析】考查时态。句意：这条河的宽度至少有 50 米，但 10 岁的小男孩可以在几分钟内游 过。此处 measure（测量，估量）是不及物动词。这里讲的是一个事实，句子用一般现在时 态，主语是 The river，是单数第三人称，故填 measures。 3．（2020·黑龙江哈尔滨三中期末）It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall, some ____ （measure）over 100 meters. 【答案】measuring 【解析】考查独立主格结构。句意：这非常潮湿，以至于树非常高，一些高达 100 米。该句 中“the trees are extremely tall”是完整的句子，与后句中间没有连词，说明后句属于独立主格 结构，some 为逻辑主语，后面用非谓语动词做状语，而 measure 后接数词，表示长、宽、 高是多少的时候，measure 是不及物动词，用现在分词。故填 measuring。 4．（2020·江苏省天一中学高三月考）________（measure） against that of our competitors, our offer is not very generous. 【答案】Measured 【解析】考查过去分词。句意：与我们的竞争对手相比，我们的报价不是很慷慨。“相比” 与其逻辑主语“我们的报价”之间是被动关系，用过去分词作状语，故填 Measured。 5．（2020·天津市宁河区芦台第一中学高三月考）To solve the shortage of electricity, the government has taken some ________（measure）, but it will be some time before the situation returns to normal. 【答案】measures 【解析】句意：为了解决缺乏电的情况，政府采取了一些措施，但是也许一段时间以后情况 才能恢复正常。此处考查 take some measures to do sth 采取措施做某事。故填 measures。 【变式】 单项选择 1．（2020·河北石家庄二中月考）Last month，an earthquake _______ six on Richter scale happened in the northern part of Indonesia. A．measured B．to measure C．to be measured D．measuring 【答案】D 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：上个月，印度尼西亚北部发生了里氏 6 级地震。分析可知， 句中谓语为 happened，因此所填动词应是非谓语形式，作定语，measure“测量”，是不及物 动词，无被动式，采用现在分词形式作其后置定语。故选 D 项。 2． The cloth ______easily if _______on a table. A．measures, spreading B．will be measured, spread C．measures, spread D．is measured, spread 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词语态和省略句。句意：如果把布展开在桌子上，很容易量出尺寸。第一空： measure 意为“量起来”，没有被动语态，排除 B、D 项；第二空：spread 和 cloth 是被动关系， 要用一般现在时的被动语态，且 if 引导的状语从句中，常省略和主句相同的主语和 be 动词， 从句完整为“if (it is) spread on a table”。故选 C。 3．（2019·天津高三）The old town of Lijiang stands in the northwest of Yunnan province, ________ with elegant green trees. A．surrounded B．surrounding C．having surrounded D．to be surrounded 【答案】A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：丽江古城位于云南西北部，四周绿树环绕。The old town of Lijiang 与 surround 之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被动，用过去分词作状语，故 A 项正确。 完成句子 (1) Can you _________the room with this ruler? 你能用这把尺子量这个房间吗? (2) It’ s hard________ ________ his ability until you see his work. 直到你见到他的作品, 否则 很难估计他的能力。 (3)We must ______ ________ prevent pollution.我们要采取措施去防止污染。 (4) We must take measures __________ _________ these problems one by one.我们必须采取必 要的措施解决这个问题。 (5) This is a room ___________ 4 metres.这是一个有 4 米宽的房间。 (6) The tailor made a suit ______ _______ _______裁缝按照我的尺寸做了一套衣服。 【答案】(1) measure (2) to measure (3) take measures (4) to solve (5)measuring (6) to my measure 知识点 3．chat vi. & n. 聊天；闲聊 【归纳拓展】 过去式 chatted chatted 现在分词 chatting chat to/with sb (about sth) = have a chat with sb (about sth) 与某人聊天、闲谈…… 【典例 3】 语法填空 1．I often have ________ chat with my friends on ________ phone in my spare time. 【答案】a；the 【解析】考查冠词。句意为：在我闲暇时我经常和朋友们在电话里聊天。第一空 have a chat with sb.“与某人聊天”为习惯搭配；第二空 on the phone“打电话”也为习惯搭配。故填 a；the。 2．（2019·天津高三月考）Mary often shares her deepest thoughts and fears with friends through WeChat, as if they （be）chatting in her living room. 【答案】were 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：玛丽经常通过微信与朋友分享她最深的想法和恐惧，就像她 们正在她的客厅里聊天一样。根据句意，“他们正在她的客厅聊天”是不可能发生的，要用虚 拟语气，根据前面的 shares 可知这里是对现在的虚拟，as if 从句中的谓语动词要用一般去过 时，其中 be 动词只能用 were，故填 were。 3．The two friends ______（chat） on line for three hours, and they will go on． 【答案】have been chatting 【解析】句意：这两个好朋友一直在线聊了三个小时，他们还会持续聊。have been chatting 现在完成进行时，表示现在之前持续做某事，还可能继续持续做下去。根据 will 得知是与 现在有关，故填 have been chatting。 【变式】 单项选择 1．（江苏高三月考）—Why on earth didn’t you answer the door？I thought you were out this morning. —I’m terribly sorry， but I online with my brother in America. A．am chatting B．was chatting C．chatted D．have been chatting 【答案】B 【解析】根据语境可知，答语意为“很抱歉，但我当时正在和在美国的弟弟网聊”，此处描述 的是过去某个时刻正在进行的动作，故用过去进行时。故选 B。 2．（2019·江苏省天一中学高三开学考试）He spent at least as much time reading as you ___ on line yesterday. A．had to chat B．did chatting C．do chatting D．had chatted 【答案】B 【解析】考查句子结构，did 是代替 spend，spend time doing，句意是：昨天他花了至少和你 网上聊天一样多的时间看书。选 B。 完成句子 (1) What were you _________ with him about? 你和他聊了些什麽? (2) I had a long __________. with her (about her job).（关於她的工作）我和她聊了很久 (3)They sat there , ___________.他们坐在那里聊天。 （4）She often spends hours on the phone _______ to her friends.她经常花好几个小时的时间在 电话里和朋友聊天。 (5) We had a nice chat _______ a cup of tea. 我们在喝咖啡期间好好聊了一下。 (6)Don’t waste your time _________ 不要浪费时间聊天。 【答案】（1）chatting（2）chat（3）chatting (4)chatting (5) over (6) chatting 知识点 4．eastward adv. 向东 adj. 向东的；朝东的 【归纳拓展】 eastward(s) adj./adv. 向东的，向东地 westward(s) adj./adv. 向西的，向西地 southward(s) adj./adv. 向南的，向南地 northward(s) adj./adv. 向北的，向北地 southeastward(s) adj./adv. 向东南的，向东南地 northeastward(s) adj./adv. 向东北的，向东北地 southwestward(s) adj./adv. 向西南的，向西南地 northwestward(s) adj./adv. 向东北的，向东北地 【典例 4】 根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。 (1) It is said that Tangseng and his four apprentices(徒弟) traveled ________ in order to obtain the sacred Buddhist scripture. （2). When winter comes, the migratory birds travel in an __________ direction. （3）改错 He continued to travel to eastward. 【答案】(1) westward(s) (2) southward(s) (3)去掉 to 【变式】 完成句子 （1）They were traveling________ to the city which appeared in their dreams. 他们朝着东边向梦想中的城市进发。 （2）The plane flied in an eastward direction. 翻译：_________________________ （3）The river flows_____________这条河向东流去。 【答案】（1）eastward(s)（2）飞机向东边飞去。（3）eastward（s） 知识点 5．mix vt.&vi. 混合；调配 mixture n.[u,c] 混合（物）；混合状态 【归纳拓展】 mix A and/with B 把甲与乙拌和起来 mix sth. up 把某物拌和；混淆某物 mix sth. in/into 把某物掺进去 be/get mixed up with sth./sb. 与某事有关；与某人混在一起 【典例 5】 语法填空 1．A cool rain was falling ____（mix） with snow causing heavy traffic. 【答案】mixed 【解析】句意：一场雨伴着雪正在下着，引起了交通堵塞。根据固定短语：mix…with… 其 被动式：be mixed with ,把握关键词 with ，故填 mixed。 2． The corn powder with two other things is mixed _______water to make all kinds of food. 【答案】with 【解析】句意：玉米粉和另外两种东西用水混合在一起做成各种各样的食物。with 连接两个 主语时，谓语动词取决于前者；be mixed with 意为“与……混合”，故填 with。 3． ______（mix）red paint with blue paint, you will get another beautiful paint of different colors. 【答案】Mixing 【解析】考查现在分词作状语。根据主从句的关系，主子主语 you 与从句动作 mix 为主动 关系，且主从句动作上无先后关系，另根据句意，（如果）将红色和蓝色涂料混在一起，你 将会得到另一种漂亮颜色的涂料。故填 Mixing。 4．（2018·江苏省海头高级中学）The ________（mix） of better jobs and greater chances of self-promotion is what lies behind the return of oversea Chinese high-tech talents. 【答案】mixture 【解析】句意：既有更好的工作也有更多的自我提升的机会是海外高技术人才回归国内背后 的原因所在。此处 the 后为名词作主语，故填 mixture。 【变式】 完成句子 (1)The chemist ________some medicine for me. 药剂师给我配了些药。 (2) Oil and water don’ t ________. 油和水不能混合。 (3) Oil won’ t _______ ________water. 油不能和水混合。 【答案】（1）mixed (up)（2）mix（3）mix with 用 mix 的短语的适当形式或介词填空。 (1) Don’ t try to _______ business ______ pleasure. 不要混淆了正事和娱乐。 (2) Mix the eggs ______ the flour. 把鸡蛋和面粉混合一起。 (3) I don’ t want to ______ ______ ______ in the affair. 我不想参与这件事。 【答案】(1) mix; with (2) into ( 3) be mixed up 知识点 6．terrify vt. 使恐怖； 恐吓 【归纳拓展】 terrified adj.恐惧的；受惊吓的 terrifying adj.（令人）可怕的 be terrified at/by sth. 被某事（物）恐吓 be terrified of sth. = be afraid of 害怕某事（物） be terrified that 从句 【即时巩固】 用 terrify 的适当形式或介词填空。 (1) She ______ ______ ______that Ronnie would kidnap Sam. (2) She was terrified ______ the thought that Ronnie would kidnap Sam. (3) It was a ______ experience. 【答案】(1) was terrified that (2) at (3) terrifying 【变式】 完成句子 (1)He ______his children with ghost stories. 他讲鬼故事吓坏了他的孩子。 (2) Her husband’ s violence ______her. 她丈夫的暴力使她感到恐惧。 (3)Judging from his _______look , he was _______从他惊恐的表情判断，他非常害怕。 【答案】（1）terrified（2）terrified（3）terrified ; terrifying 知识点 7．distance n. 距离；远方；遥远；疏远 【归纳拓展】 distant adj. 遥远的；远处的；久远的 at a distance 隔一段距离；距离稍远 in /from the distance 从远方 out of distance from 离……太远，达不到 keep sb. at a distance 对……冷淡，与……疏远 keep one’s distance from 与……保持距离 【典例 7】 语法填空 1．（2019·黑龙江鹤岗一中高三月考）Greta has always tended to keep her colleagues _____________ a distance. 【答案】at 【解析】考查固定短语。句意：Greta 总是和她的同事很疏远。介词短语 at a distance 隔开一 段距离，在远处；本句表示她和同事关系疏远。故填 at。 2．If you have good eyesight, you will be able to see the church ___________ the distance at the top of the mountain. 【答案】in 【解析】本题的含义是如果你的视力好的话，你在山顶将能够看到远处的教堂，in the distance 表示在远处的意思，故填 in。 3． He just stood at _________distance, wondering if it was _________ real goodbye. 【答案】a, a 【解析】句意：他站在远处，心里想着这是否是一次真正的再见。第一空考查固定搭配 at a distance 在远处；第二空用不定冠词 a 表示“一次”。故填 a, a。 4．（2017·江苏省如东高级中学高三）Martin Luther King, Jr. put it that peace is not merely a __________（distance）goal that we seek, but a means by which we arrive at that goal. 【答案】distant 【解析】句意：马丁·路德金提出的和平不仅仅是我们寻求的一个遥远的目标，而且是一种 手段，我们达成目标的手段。修饰名词 goal 用形容词。故填 distant。 【变式】 完成句子 (1) ______ ______ ___________ ，I would see them waving their arms. 从远处我能看到他们好挥舞着的胳膊。 (2) I can see a light ______ ______ _________.我能够看到远处的灯光。 (3) He kept a __________from others.. 他与别人保持距离。 (4)I don't know ______ _________(距离) from Beijing to Shanghai. (5)The hospital is not ______ ______ (远) at all. (6)The oil painting looks better ______ ______ ______(远看起来)． (7) He was asked many times to join the party, but he always ______ ______ ______（与人保持 距离） 【答案】(1) From the distance (2) at a distance (3) distance（4）the distance (5) distant from (6) at the distance (7) kept his distance 知识点 8．impress vt.使印象深刻；使铭记 【归纳拓展】 impression n.[c]印象 感想 impressive adj. 给人印象深刻的 impress sth. on/upon sb. = impress sb. with/by sth. 使某人铭记某事物 make/give/crate an impression on/upon... 给……一个印象 have/get the impression that 有……的印象 【典例 8】 语法填空 1．（2019·石嘴山市第三中学期中）His speech was so ______that we were deeply ______ at it. （impress） 【答案】impressive, impressed 【解析】句意：他的演讲给我们留下了深刻的印象。impressed 意为“印象深刻的；钦佩的”， 一般主语是人，指某人（被某物/人）留下深刻印象；impressing 意为“印象深的”，但一般 不作形容词使用，一般作动词 impress 的现在分词使用；impressive 意为“给人以深刻印象 的；感人的”，一般主语是人或物，指某物/人（给其他人）留下深刻印象。故第一空为 impressive，第二空为 impressed。故填 impressive, impressed。 2． ---How do you find James Cameron's 3D version of Titanic? ---Fantastic! It can't be _______（impress） and has brought us a wonderful experience. 【答案】more impressive 【解析】考查情态动词 can’t 和比较级连用表示最高级的用法，句意：--你认为卡梅隆的 3D 版的泰坦尼克号怎样？--好极了，印象不能在深刻了，给我们带来了奇妙的经历。故填 more impressive。 3． Sherlock is impressed ______ the teachers and technology in his new school. In other words, the new school has left a deep impression ______ him. 【答案】with; on 【解析】考查介词。句意：夏洛克对他的新学校的教师和技术印象深刻。换句话说，这所新 学校给他留下了深刻的印象。be impressed with “对...…印象深刻”。leave a deep impression on sb “给某人留下深刻印象”都为固定短语。故填 with; on。 4．（2019·江苏扬州中学期中）Sam, in every way, has handled the challenge, _____ his friend with how he’s achieved success in spite of the difficulties. 【答案】impressing 【解析】句意：山姆全面的解决了这个问题，他排除万难获得成功，这使他的朋友们印象很 深，impress sb with sth 使某人印象深刻，动词与主语之间是主动关系，故填 impressing。 5．（2020·天津耀华中学月考）We were walking on the fine, soft sand, which kept the ______ （impress） of the waves. 【答案】impression 【解析】句意：我们走在细软的沙滩上，上面留下了海浪的痕迹。impression 印痕、痕迹。 由沙滩和海浪可知，波浪经过沙滩，会留下痕迹。故填 impression。 完成句子 (1) Father _______ _______ me the value of hard work. (2) One candidate in particular ______ us ______ her knowledge. (3) You ______ an excellent ______ ______ us. (4) When I first met him I ______ ______ ______ ______ he was a humorous man. 【答案】(1) impressed; on (2) impressed; with (3) made; impression upon (4) had the impression that 知识点 9．rather than... 是……而不是……；与其……不如……；不愿 【归纳拓展】 do A rather than do B = rather than do B, sb. does A 某人不做 B 却做 A A rather than B 是 A 而不是 B would rather do A than do B = would do A rather than do B 宁可做 A 而不做 B prefer to do A rather than do B 最喜欢做 A 而不做 B would rather sb. did/had done sth. 宁愿某人做某事 注意：rather than 表示客观事实，它连接的并列成分可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词(短语)、 动名词、分句、不定式、动词等。后接不定式时，不定式可以带 to，也可以不带 to。但 rather than 位于句首时，则只能接不带 to 的不定式。 【典例 9】 单项选择 1． On the contrary, I think it is Truman, ________ you, ________ to blame. A．more than; are B．less than; who are C．rather than; that is D．rather than; is 【答案】C 【解析】句意：相反的，我认为是 Truman 而不是你应受责备。rather than 而不是。more than 多于，不仅仅；less than 少于；other than 除了。另外，这是个强调句，强调句句型：It is + 强调部分+that+其它。强调人时，可用 that 或 who.故选 C。 2． Since you are in a hurry, why don’t you ______ for a taxi ______ stay here waiting for the bus? A．calling; other than B．call; rather than C．call; more than D．calling; or rather 【答案】B 【解析】考查句型和词组。why don’t you do sth./why not do sth ,意为为什么不干某事呢，固 定结构 ，or rather 更准确地说； more than 不仅仅 ；rather than 而不是； other rather 除 了---，非---。句意为，因为你很着急，为什么不打电话叫一辆出租车而不是呆在这里等公交 车呢？故选 B。 3.It is the test system, _____ the teachers, that is to blame for the heavy burden of middle school students nowadays. A．other than B．or rather C．rather than D．more than 【答案】C 【解析】本题考查词组辨析。句意：中学生压力太大，要责怪的应该是应试体系，而不是老 师。 A．other than 除了 B．or rather 更确切的说 C．rather than 而不是 D．more than 多 于 故选 C 【变式】 完成句子 (1) He ran __________walked. 他是跑的而不是走的。 (2) Rather than ____ the vegetables to go bad, he sold them at half price 与其让蔬菜烂掉，他半 价把它们卖掉。 (3)It is you rather than I that ______ wrong .是你错了而不是我错了。 【答案】（1）rather than（2）allow（3）are 根据句子意思及要求填空或翻译。 (1) I’ d rather you ______ ______ yesterday.我宁愿你昨天没来。 (2) I think Tom rather than you,_______ _______ _____.我认为汤姆而不是你该受责怪。 (3) 他宁愿死也不愿在街上乞讨。 翻译：___________________________=___________________________ 【答案】（1）hadn’ t come （2）is to blame. (3) He would rather die than beg in the street. = He would die rather than beg in the street. 知识点 10．settle down 舒适地坐下或躺下；（使）安静、安顿、安心；习惯於新的生活方 式/工作等 【归纳拓展】 settle down to… 使某人安下心来做…… settle (down) in ... 在……定居下来 settle a dispute/an argument/an issue 解决一争端/争论/问题 【典例 10】 语法填空 1． It always takes the class a while _____________（settle） down at the start of the class. 【答案】to settle 【解析】考查固定搭配。此处 it takes sb some time to do sth，意为：花费某人时间做某事； settle down (使)安静，(使)平静；定居，句意：这个班总得开始上课后好一会儿才能安静下 来。故填 to settle。 2． With so much noise of the traffic，I couldn’t settle down ________ my research work. 【答案】to 【解析】句意：如此多的交通噪音，我不能静下心来做我的研究工作。settle down to 着手做， 静下心来做。故填 to。 【变式】 说出划线部分的汉语意思 （1）She settled down in an armchair to read her book. （2）When are you going to marry and settle down? （3）I have some problems to settle. 【答案】（1）舒适地坐下来（2）安顿下来（3）解决 完成句子 (1) With his problem_________, he felt realxed. 问题解决了，他感到很轻松。 (2) He finally settled down to ______ his homework. 他终于静下心来去做作业。 (3) They have finally ______ _______ ______ Canada. 他们最后在加拿大定居下来。 【答案】(1) settle down to work (2) doing ( 3)settled down in 知识点 11．catch sight of 看见；瞥见 【归纳拓展】 lose sight of 看不见；不再看见 keep sight of 使能看得到；保持看得到的距离 at (the) sight of 一看到（就） in/within sight 可以看见；在视线内 out of sight 看不见；在视线外 have good/poor sight/eyesight 视力好/差 【典例 11】 语法填空 1． If you catch sight ______ Mary, ask her to come and see me. 【答案】of 【解析】考查动词短语。句意：如果你看到玛丽的话，让她来看我。catch sight of 看见；根 据句意可知，此处是“看见”的意思，故填 of。 2． The old couple looked at the plane with their son on it until it was ______ of sight. 【答案】out 【解析】考查介词短语。out of sight 看不见。句意：夫妇看着儿子坐飞机远去，直到看不见。 根据句意填 out。 【变式】 单项选择 1． The mother waved to her daughter until the train . A．out of sight B．got out of sight C．caught sight D．lost sight 【答案】B 【解析】考查短语辨析。A. out of sight 看不见，在视野之外（介词短语）。B. got out of sight 看不见，在视野之外 C. caught sight 看到强调动作； D. lost sight 看不见。句意：妈妈向女 儿挥手，直到火车不见，故选 B 项。 2．She ____________ the path as the trees around her became thicker. A．lost sight of B．caught sight of C．lost sight D．caught sight 【答案】A 【解析】考察固定搭配。Lose sight of 看不见…；catch sight of 看见…；固定短语的考查是 高考中的重点内容，在高中的学习近平时要多积累固定搭配的用法，考试时只能凭借记忆力 来答题，尤其是单项选择很难推出某个搭配的意思，所以平时的积累记忆是尤其重要的。学 生可以将常考的全部积累在一起，通过反复的复习，从而达到永久的记忆下来。句义：因为 身边的树越来越密，她看不见路了。根据后半句的意思，可知 A 正确。 完成句子 (1) He was happy to____ ______ ______ an eagle flying in the sky. 见到一只鹰在天上飞，他很 高兴。 (2) The thief ran away ______ _______ ______ ______ the police.这个贼看到警察就跑了。 (3) He ______ ________ _____because of the disease. 因为这场病他失明了。 【答案】（1）catch sight of （2）at the sight of（3）lost his sight 用 sight 的短语填空。 (1) ______ ______ ______ his mother, the boy stopped crying. (2).She watched the train until it went ______ ______ ______. (3) I ______ ______ ______ my former teacher just now, but very soon he turned a corner and I ______ _______ ______ him. 【答案】(1) At the sight of (2) out of sight (3) caught sight of; lost sight of 知识点 12. have a gift for... 对……有天赋 【归纳拓展】 have a gift for (doing) sth.= have the gift to do sth. 对……有天赋；有做某事的才能 a man of excellent gifts 一个非常有才华的人 a gifted/telented person 一个有天赋的、有才华的人 【典例 12】 语法填空 1．He has ________ gift for language, while his sister is a ________（gift） pianist. 【答案】a; gifted 【解析】句意：他在语言方面有天赋，而他妹妹是一个有天赋的画家。第一空短语 have a gift for 在……方面有天赋；第二空 gifted 有天赋的，是形容词。故填 a; gifted。 2． --- I wonder what I should learn in the future. --- You may learn art since you have a gift _______ painting and drawing. 【答案】for 【解析】短语辨析。Have a gift for 有…天赋。句意：—我想知道未来我应该学什么。—你 可以学艺术因为你有画画的天赋。故填 for。 【变式】 单项选择 Mrs. Taylor has ______8-year-old daughter who has ______ gift for painting. She has won two national prizes. A．a; a B．an; the C．an; a D．a; the 【答案】C 【解析】C 考查不定冠词。不定冠词 a/an 概括来讲，它表示泛指或者第一次提到的人或 物。 8 为元音开头的单词，用 an，a gift 一种天分。选 C。 完成句子 (1) He ______ _____________ _______ art. 他有艺术天才。 (2) He is a man ______ _______ 他是一个有天赋的人。 【答案】(1) has a gift for (2)of talents 翻译句子。 (1)他天生有着讲故事的才能。 __________________________________________________________ (2)我羡慕他有着作为老师的天赋。 _________________________________________________________ 【答案】(1) He has a (natural) gift for telling / to tell stories. (2) I envy him his great gifts as a teacher. 知识点 13．as far as 远到，直到；至于 【归纳拓展】 as/so far as sb. knows 就某人所知 as far as sb. can see/tell/ remember 就某人 看来/所说/所记得 as/so far as sb/sth is concerned 就某人/事物而言 far from sth 毫不；一点也不； 远非 So far, so good. (谚) 到目前为止，一切都很顺利。 【典例 13】 单项选择 1．——I’d like to walk with you _________ the river bank. ——________ you’re happy. A．as long as; As well as B．as long as; As far as C．as far as; As long as D．as far as; As well as 【答案】C 【解析】试题分析：考查固定搭配。as long as 只要；as far as 远到，直到；As well as 也， 和…一样，句意：——我想和你一直走到河畔——只要你高兴就行。故选 C。 2. ．In ancient times, people rarely travelled long distances and most farmers only travelled the local market. A．longer than B．more than C．as much as D．as far as 【答案】D 【解析】句意：在古代，人们很少去做长途旅行，大多数农民仅仅去过当地的集市。longer than 比……长； more than 大于，多余； as much as 与……一样多； as far as 远到…….根 据句意故选 D。 3. ．------How far apart do they live? ----- I know, they live in the same neighbourhood. A．As long as B．As far as C．As well as D．As often as 【答案】B 【解析】这题考查连词的用法：As long as 只要， As far as 据…,就…, As well as 不但，而且， As often as 经常，句意是：--他们住的有多远？--据我所知，他们住在一个街区。选 B。 【变式】 翻译： (1) I’ ll walk with you as far as the post office. (2)I’ ve read as far as the third chapter. (3) 据我所知，他有音乐天赋。 ________________________________ 【答案】(1) 我陪你走到邮局。 (2) 我已读到第三章了。 (3) As far as I know , he has a talent for music. 用 far 的短语填空。 (1)_______ _______ _______ _______ _______ (对我个人来说), you can do what you like. (2) The problem is _______ _______ _______ (绝非易事). (3) We’ ll go by train ______ ______ ______ (直到) London, and then take a bus. 【答案】(1) As far as I’ m concerned (2) far from easy (3) as far as 【考点精析】 考点 1. so...that 【教材原句】It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall, some measuring over 90 metres. 那里空气湿润，因而树木长得相当高，有的超过 90 米。 【句法分析 1】. so...that 如此……以致于，后跟结果状语从目，常用 too to 或 enough to 来 变为简单句。 She was so angry that she couldn’ t say a word. = She was too angry to say a word. 她太气愤以致于说不出话来。 【例句研读】 She is so good a teacher that we all love her. 她是一位如此好老师以致于我们都爱她。 She is such a good teacher that we all love her. 她是一位如此好老师以致于我们都爱她。 They are such little children that they can’ t look after themselves.他们是那么小的孩子还不能自 理。 Our team played so well that we won the game. = Our team played well enough to win the game. 我们的球队踢得真好，结果赢得了比赛。 They are such naughty boys that they often make mistakes. 他们是如此淘气以致于经常犯错 误。 【拓展归纳】 辨析：so...that 与 such...that： so...that 与 such...that 意思一致，that 均引导结果状从句，但是 so 为副词，such 为形 容词，所以二者所接词不一样的。 ① so +adj. / adv. + that 从句或 so +adj. + a(n) + 单名+ that 从句 ② such + adj. + 复名 + that 从句或 such + a(n) + 单名+ that 从句 提示：在 so 十 much／many／little／few + n. +that 从句结构中，little 当“少”讲，接在 so 之 后，但当 little 当“小”讲时，应接在 such 之后。 【句法分析 2】some measuring over 90 metres 是独立主格结构： 独立主格结构由名词或代词加上其他成分构成，在语法上是一个独立的短语，不是句 子，相当于状语从句，可表示时间、原因、条件、行为、方式或伴随情况。其构成： 名词(代词) + 现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语。 (1) 作时间状语 The meeting over, they left the hall. (2) 作原因状语 My watch having been lost, I didn’t know what time it was. (3) 作条件状语 Time permitting, I shall go to the cinema with you. (4) 描述伴随行为或补充说明 Mary entered the room, his hands in his pockets. 【考点聚焦】考查 so……that 的用法和独立主格。 【典例 1】 单项选择 1．（2020·江苏省高三期末）Well-educated employees can undertake most common jobs easily, ________ the efficiency of the society is guaranteed. A．so that B．even if C．in that D．as if 【答案】A 【解析】考查状语从句引导词。句意：受过高等教育的雇员能够更加容易地承担一般的工作， 结果社会的生产效率能够得到保证。A. so that 以便于；B. even if 尽管；C. in that 因为； D. as if 好像。结合句意可知，上下文是因果关系，设空处表结果，用 so that 引导的结果状 语从句。故选 A 项。 2．（2019·天津高三二模）It is snowing heavily ________ it is impossible for us to arrive at our destination tonight. A．as long as B．even though C．so that D．now that 【答案】C 【解析】考查连词词义辨析。句意：雪下得很大，所以我们今晚不可能到达目的地。A. as long as 只要；B. even though 尽管；C. so that 因此，所以；D. now that 既然。根据“It is snowing heavily”可知，此处表示结果，用 so that，故 C 项正确。 3．（ 2019·天津市四合庄中学高三月考）There was snow everywhere ______ the shapes of things were difficult to identify. A．so that B．now that C．for fear that D．on condition that 【答案】A 【解析】考查状语从句的连词。句意：到处都是雪，所以东西的形状很难辨认。A. so that 因此；所以； B. now that 既然；C. for fear that 生怕，唯恐；D. on condition that“如果...；在 ... 条件下，若…则。分析可知，“到处都是雪”和“东西的形状很难辨认”之间是因果关系，因为 下雪所以东西的形状难以辨认，用结果状语从句的连词，选 A 项。 4.（2020·江苏省高考真题）They decide to have more workers for the project ____ it won’t be delayed. A．even if B．as if C．now that D．so that 【答案】D 【解析】考查连词辨析。句意：他们决定为这项工程增加工人，以免耽搁。A. even if 即使； B. as if 好像；C. now that 既然；D. so that 为了。空后 it won’t be delayed 是前面采取措施的 目的，应使用 so that 引导目的状语从句。故选 D。 【变式】 语法填空 1. The boy went in _______ an anxious rush when he left for school that he left his key inside the house. 【答案】such 【解析】so+形容词+a/an+名词+that...= such+a/an +形容词+名词+that...，意为“如此......以至 于......”。句意：那个男孩去学校时走的如此匆忙，以至于把钥匙忘在家里了。in a rush 匆忙， 修饰名词用 such。故填 such。 2. ________popular has kite flying become that it attracts more than 100,000 kite fans to this city. 【答案】So 【解析】So +形容词位于句首，后面部分用部分倒装语序，故填 So。 考点 2 比较级表示最高级的用法 【教材原句】There is more fresh water in Canada than in any other country in the world. 加拿大 的淡水量比世界上其他任何一个国家都多。 【句法分析】 (1) 用比较级表示最高级，同一范围内比较时，常用“主语+动词+比较级+than any other+单 名”或“主语+动词+比较级+than all the other+复名”。 (2) 不同范围内比较，常用“主语+动词+比较+than any+单名”。 (3) 否定词和比较级连用表示最高级意思 【例句研读】 他是班里最高的。 He is taller than anyone else in his class. = He is taller than any of the other students in his class. = He is taller than any other student in his class. He is taller than any boy in my class .他比我班上的任何一个男孩子都高。 I can’ t agree more.我再同意不过了。 【考点聚焦】考查比较级表达最高级的用法 【典例 2】 语法填空 1．（2020·天津市第七中学高三月考）—Are you content with the result of the exam? —Not a little. I can’t have a ______（good） one. 【答案】better 【解析】考查形容词比较级。句意：---你对这个考试结果满意吗？---非常满意。我不可能考 的更好了。根据固定搭配，否定词+比较级=最高级。根据句意，我不会考一个比现在成绩 更好的成绩了，这里表泛指，所以用不定冠词 a。故填 better。 2．（2019·天津市新华中学高三月考）— The film is, I have to say, not a bit interesting. — Why? It’s far ________ （interesting）than the films I have ever seen. 【答案】more interesting 【解析】考查形容词用法。句意为，--这部电影一点意思都没有。--什么，这部电影比我看 过的任何电影都还要有趣。根据意思可知，回答对上文的观点不赞同，故填 more interesting。 【变式】 单项选择 1．--Are you satisfied with what she has done? --Not a little. It can’t be______. A. any worse B. any better C. so well D. so bad 【答案】B 【解析】考查形容词比较级。句意：--你对她所做的感到满意吗？--非常满意。不能再好了。 not a little 很，非常；not a bit 一点也不。比较级用于否定句，表示最高级含义，根据答语可 知，是非常满意，不选 A。故选 B。 2.Everybody says Rebecca and John is a perfect match; no one has ever known __________ couple. A. a better B. the better C. a best D. the best 【答案】A 【解析】句意：每个人都说 Rebecca 和 John 非常相配，没有人知道比他们更好的一对了。 这里使用否定词和比较级连用，表示最高级的含义，所以选 A。 3. Most students think they should have _______ at school if there were no examinations. A. the happiest time B. a more happier time C. much happiest time D. a much happier time 【答案】D 【解析】句意：大多数学生认为他们在学校应该有一个更开心的时光，如果没有考试的话。 happier 本身就是比较级，不用 more，排除 B；much 不修饰最高级，排除 C；这里泛指“一 个更开心的时光”。故选 D。 考点 3 现在分词做状语 【教材原句】There was frost on the ground, confirming that fall had arrived in Canada. 地上有霜，证明秋天已经来到了加拿大。 【句法分析】现在分词做状语可以表示时间，条件，原因，结果，伴随等。 【例句研读】 Going eastwards，you’ll pass mountains and thousands of lakes and forests.向东走，你会经过一 座座山脉，成千上万的湖泊，森林。 He sat there , waiting .他在那里坐着等。 He came in running .他跑着进来了。 His car broke down on the way , causing the delay.他的车坏了，因此造成了耽搁。 【考点聚焦】考查分词做状语 【典例 3】 语法填空 1．（2020·天津高考真题）The dancer’s incredible performance had the audience on its feet ______ （clap） for 10 minutes at the end of the show. 【答案】clapping 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:舞蹈演员令人难以置信的表演使观众站起来鼓掌达十分钟 之久。该题中，have 表示“使……处于……状态”。______ for 10 minutes 作伴随状语，其逻 辑主语 the audience 和 clap 之间是主动关系，故用现在分词。故填 clapping。 2．（2020·江苏省高三三模）Floyd, a 46-year-old black man, died hopelessly, ________（pin） against the floor by a policeman for nine minutes, which gave rise to protests throughout the USA 【答案】having been pinned 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：弗洛伊德，一位 46 岁的黑人，被一名警察按压在地上 9 分钟后，无助地死去，这引发了全美的抗议行动。分析句子结构可知，动词 pin 在句中作定 语，和主语 Floyd 是被动关系，而且动词 pin 动作的发生早于谓语动词 die，需用 having been done 结构。故填 having been pinned。 3．（2020·天津一中高三月考）Our school has recently obtained the latest multimedia equipment, __________（allow） students to learn efficiently under special circumstances. 【答案】allowing 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：最近我们学校获得了最新的多媒体设备，这让学生们可以 在特殊环境下高效地学习。分析句子可知，此处应用非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语 multimedia equipment 和 allow 之间是主动关系，应用现在分词，表示意料之中的结果，故填 allowing。 【变式】 单项选择 1．（2020·天津高三一模）Tourists are reminded to take everything ______________ to them before leaving the hotel. A．belongs B．belonged C．having belonged D．belonging 【答案】D 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：游客们被提醒在离开旅馆前要带走属于他们的一切。belong to“属于”，没有被动语态、没有进行时，因此使用现在分词做定语，表主动。故选 D。 2．（2011·陕西省高考真题）More highways have been built in China, _____ it much easier for people to travel from one place to another. A．making B．made C．to make D．having made 【答案】A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：中国修建了越来越多的高速公路，人们更加方便从一个地 点到另外一个地点。空格后面是 it，说明是主动关系，排除 B；不能选择 C 的原因是 to do 作目的状语，不符合句意；根据句意可知，此处是现在分词做结果状语。故选 A。 3．Pressed from his parents, and _____ that he has wasted too much time, the boy is determined to stop playing video games. A. realizing B. realized C. to realize D. being realized 【答案】A 【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：被父母迫使同时自己也意识到他已经浪费了太多时 间，这个男孩决定停止玩电脑游戏。首先要弄清楚本句中的 and 连接的成分是非谓语动词做 状语，主语 the boy 与 press 是被动关系，但是与 realize 是主动，所以是现在分词做状语， 选 A。 4． _____ on his past mistakes, Ted realized that he had stayed around the wrong people. A. To reflect B. Reflecting C. Reflected D. Being reflected 【答案】B 【解析】考查非谓语动词用法。本句中的动词短语 reflect on 与句子主语 Ted 之间构成逻辑 上的主动关系，故使用现在分词短语在句中作状语。句意：回忆过去的错误，Ted 意识到自 己的周围都是一些不好的人。A 项中的不定式通常在句中作目的状语。故 B 正确。 5. ______, I can see that those terrible events shaped me into the person I am today. A. Having looked back B. Looking back C. Being looking back D. To be looking back 【答案】B 【解析】句意：回首往事，我可以明白那些可怕的事件把我塑造成了今天的这个人。空格所 填的内容与主语 I 是主动关系，故排除 C 和 D，与谓语 see 同时发生，是伴随状语，故排 除 A. 故选 B。 考点 4 话题写作——自然地理（ 人与自然 ） 【典例 4】 假如你叫李华,你的朋友 Joe 将从英国到你的家乡海口旅游。她来信询问有关海口的基本情 况。请你给她写封邮件,内容包括: 1. 海口的基本情况: (1)地理位置; (2)人口(227.21 万人); (3)面积(2304.84 平方公里); (4)气候。 2. 至少介绍两个著名景点。 【参考范文】 Dear Joe, I’m so excited to know that you will come to Haikou, my hometown, for a visit. I’m so honoured to make a brief introduction to you. With a population of 2,272,100, Haikou, the capital city of Hainan, is located in the north of Hainan Island, covering an area of about 2,304.84 square kilometres. It is well-known for the pleasant climate—neither too hot in summer nor too cold in winter. There are many tourist attractions here, especially the Holiday Beach, which joins a beautiful and gentle coastline to sparkling waters, waving coconut trees and plenty of sunshine. Besides, Temple of the Five Lords, which is now an attractive ancient architecture, was constructed in honour of five famous people during the Tang and Song dynasties. Looking forward to your arrival! Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 1.文章体裁:应用文——介绍信。 2.行文逻辑:引出话题→介绍主要内容→表达愿望。 3.词汇短语:运用了较高级的词汇和短语。如: be honoured to do sth(荣幸地做某事),be located in (位于),cover(占用), be well-known for(以……而闻名), in honour of (纪念)等。 4.句式句法:运用了多样化的句式结构。如:①宾语从句:that you will come to Haikou, my hometown, for a visit;②现在分词短语作定语 covering an area of about 2,304.84 square kilometres;③并列结构: neither too hot in summer nor too cold in winter;④定语从句: which joins a beautiful and gentle coastline to sparkling waters, waving coconut trees and plenty of sunshine 等。 【变式】 假如你是李华,你曾去加拿大旅游过,你的笔友李明想留学,要了解加拿大的情况, 请你写信告 诉他关于加拿大的情况。 地理 世界第二大国,面积约为 998 万平方千米,是世界上湖泊和淡水最多的国家 气候 气候地区差异大,比较冷,冬季长 留学生 活 建议选择去西部留学,留学生比较多,学费(tuition)较低 建议城 市 Vancouver,加拿大最美、最温暖的城市,被大山和太平洋包围 【参考范文】 Dear Li Ming, I am glad to know that you are going to study in Canada, so I am writing to tell you something about this country. Canada is the world’s second largest country with an area of about 9.98 million square kilometres. It has the largest number of lakes which provide Canada with more fresh water than any other country in the world. Despite the fact that the climate there is different from area to area, it is generally cold with long winters. I suggest that you (should) choose to study in the west, where there are many international students and the tuition is lower. Vancouver is a good choice, for it is Canada’s warmest and most beautiful city, which is surrounded by mountains and the Pacific Ocean. Best wishes. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 1.文章体裁:应用文——书信。 2.行文逻辑:写信目的→介绍加拿大的情况。 3.词汇短语:运用了较高级的词汇和短语。如:despite(尽管),be surrounded by(被……包围)等。 4.句式句法:运用了多样化的句式结构。如:①介词短语作定语:with an area of about 9.98 million square kilometres;②定语从句:which provide Canada with more fresh water than any other country in the world, where there are many international students and the tuition is lower, which is surrounded by mountains and the Pacific Ocean;③同位语从句:that the climate there is different from area to area;④宾语从句:that you (should) choose to study in the west 等。