- 264.50 KB
- 2021-05-20 发布
- 1、本文档由用户上传,淘文库整理发布,可阅读全部内容。
- 2、本文档内容版权归属内容提供方,所产生的收益全部归内容提供方所有。如果您对本文有版权争议,请立即联系网站客服。
- 3、本文档由用户上传,本站不保证质量和数量令人满意,可能有诸多瑕疵,付费之前,请仔细阅读内容确认后进行付费下载。
- 网站客服QQ:403074932
只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力,才能尝到成功的滋味。
1
专题 7 阅读理解Ⅳ:篇章结构题
1.[2016·北京卷]
D
Why college is not home
The college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自主性) and the
development of adult identity. However, now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence,
during which many of today's students are not shouldered with adult responsibilities.
For previous generations, college was a decisive break from parental control; guidance and
support needed to come from people of the same age and from within. In the past two decades, however,
continued connection with and dependence on family, thanks to cellphones, email and social media,
have increased significantly. Some parents go so far as to help with coursework. Instead of
promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult
responsibility, universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same
environment as that of the home.
To prepare for increased autonomy and responsibility, college needs to be a time of exploration
and experimentation. This process involves “trying on ” new ways of thinking about oneself both
intellectually(在思维方面) and personally. While we should provide “safe spaces” within
colleges, we must also make it safe to express opinions and challenge majority views. Intellectual
growth and flexibility are fostered by strict debate and questioning.
Learning to deal with the social world is equally important. Because a college community(群
体) differs from the family, many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging. If students
rely on administrators to regulate their social behaviour and thinking pattern, they are not facing
the challenge of finding an identity within a larger and complex community.
Moreover, the tendency for universities to monitor and shape student behaviour runs up against
another characteristic of young adults: the response to being controlled by their elders. If
acceptable social behaviour is too strictly defined(规定) and controlled, the insensitive or
aggressive behaviour that administrators are seeking to minimize may actually be encouraged.
It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out, particularly when there are
reasons to do so. Our generation once joined hands and stood firm at times of national emergency.
只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力,才能尝到成功的滋味。
2
What is lacking today is the conflict between adolescents' desire for autonomy and their
understanding of an unsafe world. Therefore, there is the desire for their dorms to be replacement
homes and not places to experience intellectual growth.
Every college discussion about community values, social climate and behaviour should include
recognition of the developmental importance of student autonomy and selfregulation, of the
necessary tension between safety and selfdiscovery.
70.Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?
A. B.
C. D.
I:Introduction P:Point Sp:Subpoint(次要点) C:Conclusion
2.【2012·北京,D】
只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力,才能尝到成功的滋味。
3
Wilderness
“In wilderness(荒野) is the preservation of the world.”This is a famous saying from a writer
regarded as one of the fathers of environmentalism.The frequency with which it is borrowed mirrors
a heated debate on environmental protection:whether to place wilderness at the heart of what
is to be preserved.
As John Sauven of Greenpeace UK points out,there is a strong appeal in images of the wild,
the untouched;more than anything else,they speak of the nature that many people value most
dearly.The urge to leave the subject of such images untouched is strong , and the danger
exploitation(开发) brings to such landscapes(景观) is real.Some of these wildernesses also perform
functions that humans need—the rainforests,for example,store carbon in vast quantities.To
Mr.Sauven,these “ecosystem services” far outweigh the gains from exploitation.
Lee Lane,a visiting fellow at the Hudson Institute,takes the opposing view.He acknowledges
that wildernesses do provide useful services,such as water conservation.But that is not,he argues,
a reason to avoid all human presence,or indeed commercial and industrial exploitation.There are
ever more people on the Earth,and they reasonably and rightfully want to have better lives,
rather than merely struggle for survival.While the ways of using resources have improved,there
is still a growing need for raw materials,and some wildernesses contain them in abundance.If
they can be tapped without reducing the services those wildernesses provide,the argument goes,
there is no further reason not to do so.Being untouched is not,in itself,a characteristic worth
valuing above all others.
I look forward to seeing these views taken further,and to their being challenged by the other
participants.One challenge that suggests itself to me is that both cases need to take on the
question of spiritual value a little more directly.And there is a practical question as to whether
wildernesses can be exploited without harm.
This is a topic that calls for not only free expression of feelings,but also the guidance
of reason.What position wilderness should enjoy in the preservation of the world obviously deserves
much more serious thinking.
70.Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?
只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力,才能尝到成功的滋味。
4
CP:Central Point P:Point Sp:Subpoint(次要点)
C:Conclusion
【答案】D
3.【2011 陕西卷,D】
Ever since they were first put on the market in the early 1990s,genetically modified (GM,
转基因) foods have been increasingly developed and marketed in many countries in the world,
mainly on the basis of their promise to end the worldwide food crisis. But can GM technology solve
world hunger problems? Even if it would,is it the best solution?
Despite what it promises, GM technology actually has not increased the production potential
of any corp. In fact, studies show that the most crown GM crop.GM soybeans, has suffered reduced
productivity. For instance, a report than analyzed nearly two decades
of research on major GM food crops shows that GM engineering has failed to significantly increase
US crop production.
Something else, however, has been on the rise, While GM seeds are expensive, GM companies
tell farmers that they will make good profits by saving money on pesticides (杀虫剂). On the
只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力,才能尝到成功的滋味。
5
contrary, US government data show that GM crops in the US have produced an overall increase in
pesticide use compared to traditional crops. "The promise was that you could use less chemicals
and boost production. But neither is true," said Bill Christenson, President of the US National
Farm Coalition.
At the same time, the authors of the book World Hunger: Twelve Myths argue that there
actually is more than enough food in the world and that the hunger crisis is not caused by production,
but by problems in food distribution and politics. These indeed deserve our efforts and money.
Meanwhile, the rise in food prices results from the increased use of crops for fuel rather than
food, according to a 2008 World Bank report.
As a matter of fact, scientists see better ways to feed the world. Another World Bank
report concluded that GM crops have little to offer to the challenges of worldwide poverty and
hunger, because better ways out are available, among which "green" farming is supposed to be the
first choice.
57.The author develops the second paragraph mainly .
A.by classification B.by comparison
C.by example D.by process
【答案】C
4.【2010·重庆卷·C】
It is hardly surprising that clothing manufacturers(生产商) follow certain uniform standards
for various features(特征) of clothes.What seems strange,however,is that the standard adopted
for women is the opposite of the one for men.Take a look at the way your clothes button.Men’s
clothes tend to button from the right,and women’s from the left.Considering most of the world’s
population—men and women—are righthanded,the men’s standard would appear to make more sense
for women.So why do women’s clothes button from the left?
History really seems to matter here.Buttons first appeared only on the clothes of the rich
in the 17th century,when rich women were dressed by servants.For the mostly righthanded servants,
having women’s shirts button from the left would be easier.On the other hand,having men’s shirts
button from the right made sense,too.Most men dressed themselves,and a sword drawn from the
left with the right hand would be less likely to get caught in the shirt.
Today women are seldom dressed by servants,but buttoning from the left is still the standard
for them.Is it interesting?Actually,a standard,once set,resists change.At a time when all
只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力,才能尝到成功的滋味。
6
women’s shirts buttoned from the left,it would have been risky for any single manufacture to
offer women’s shirts that buttoned from the right.After all,women had grown so used to shirts
which buttoned from the left and would have to develop new habits and skills to switch.Besides,
some women might have found it socially awkward to appear in public wearing shirts that buttoned
from the right,since anyone who noticed that would believe they were wearing men’s shirts.
4.The passage is mainly developed by .
A.analyzing causes
B.making comparisons
C.examining differences
D.following the time order
【答案】A
5.【2010·湖北卷·B】
For many parents,raising a teenager is like fighting a long war,but years go by without
any clear winner.Like a border conflict between neighboring countries,the parentteen war is
about boundaries:Where is the line between what I control and what you do?
Both sides want peace,but neither feels it has any power to stop the conflict.In part,
this is because neither is willing to admit any responsibility for starting it.From the parents’
point of view,the only cause of their fight is their adolescents’complete unreasonableness.And
of course,the teens see it in exactly the same way,except oppositely.Both feel trapped.
In this article,I’ll describe three nowin situations that commonly arise between teens
and parents and then suggest some ways out of the trap.The first nowin situation is quarrels
over unimportant things.Examples include the color of the teen’s hair,the cleanliness of the
bedroom,the preferred style of clothing,the child’s failure to eat a good breakfast before
school,or his tendency to sleep until noon on the weekends.Second,blaming.The goal of a blaming
battle is to make the other admit that his bad attitude is the reason why everything goes
wrong.Third,needing to be right.
It doesn’t matter what the topic is—politics,the laws of physics,or the proper way to
break an egg—the point of these arguments is to prove that you are right and the other person
is wrong,for both wish to be considered an authority—someone who actually knows something—and
therefore to command respect.Unfortunately,as long as parents and teens continue to assume that
they know more than the other,they’ll continue to fight these battles forever and never make
any real progress.
只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力,才能尝到成功的滋味。
7
It doesn’t matter what the topic is—politics,the laws of physics,or the proper way to
break an egg—the point of these arguments is to prove that you are right and the other person
is wrong,for both wish to be considered an authority—someone who actually knows something—and
therefore to command respect.Unfortunately,as long as parents and teens continue to assume that
they know more than the other,they’ll continue to fight these battles forever and never make
any real progress.
4.What will the author most probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?
A.Causes for the parentteen conflicts.
B.Examples of the parentteen war.
C.Solutions for the parentteen problems.
D.Future of the parentteen relationship.
【答案】C
6.【2010·江西卷·C】
Kong Zi,also called Confucius(551-479 B.C.),and Socrates (469-399 B.C.) lived only a hundred
years apart,and during their lifetimes there was no contact between China and Greece,but it
is interesting to look at how the world that each of these great philosophers came from shaped
their ideas,and how these ideas in turn,shaped their societies.
Neither philosopher lived in times of peace,though there were more wars in Greece than in
China.The Chinese states were very large and feudal,while the Greek citystates were small and
urban.The urban environment in which Socrates lived allowed him to be more radical(激进的) than
Confucius.Unlike Confucius,Socrates was not asked by rulers how to govern effectively.Thus
Socrates was able to be more idealistic,focusing on issues like freedom,and knowledge for its
own sake.Confucius,on the other hand,advised those in government service,and many of his students
went on to government service.
Confucius suggested the Golden Rule as a principle for the conduct of life:“Do not do to
others what you would not want others to do to you.”He assumed that all men were equal at birth,
though some had more potential than others,and that it was knowledge that set men apart.Socrates
focused on the individual,and thought that the greatest purpose of man was to seek wisdom.He
believed that some had more potential to develop their reason than others did.Like Confucius,
he believed that the superior class should rule the inferior(下层的) classes.
只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力,才能尝到成功的滋味。
8
For Socrates,the family was of no importance,and the community of little concern.For
Confucius,however,the family was the centre of society,with family relations considered much
more important than political relations.
Both men are respected much more today than they were in their lifetimes.
4.This passage is organized in the pattern of .
A.time and events
B.comparison and contrast
C.cause and effect
D.definition and classification
【答案】B
相关文档
- 【英语】2019届高考英语二轮复习增2021-05-204页
- 浙江遂昌县 2017 高考英语阅读理2021-05-209页
- 2020届人教版高考英语一轮复习必修2021-05-2018页
- 【英语】2019届高考英语一轮复习语2021-05-206页
- 2020届外研版高考英语一轮复习选修2021-05-205页
- 【英语】2019年高考英语一轮译林牛2021-05-2010页
- 【英语】2020届人教版高考英语必修2021-05-208页
- 高考英语语法重点归纳2021-05-2080页
- 高考英语一轮复习EthnicCultureThe2021-05-203页
- 2020届外研版高考英语新一轮复习专2021-05-206页