专题08阅读填空（讲）-2017年高考英语二轮复习讲练测 15页

www.ks5u.com ‎2017届高三二轮复习英语精品资料【讲案】‎ 专题8 阅读填空 ‎【构建知识体系】‎ 阅读填空 考点1细节理解类题型 考点2篇章结构类题型 ‎2014-2016年全国高考Ⅰ卷本专题考查分布明细统计 年份 章节 素材话题 体裁 考点分布 ‎2014‎ 第二节 如何帮助孩子为未来职业做准备 说明文 阅读填空 ‎2015‎ 第二节 重建人际关系中的信任的意义与措施 说明文 阅读填空 ‎2016‎ 第二节 主要介绍了密码的设置方法和破解方法。‎ 说明文 阅读填空 ‎2014-2016年全国高考Ⅱ卷本专题考查分布明细统计 年份 章节 素材话题 体裁 考点分布 ‎2014‎ 第二节 学生怎样在紧张的时间里做饭 说明文 阅读填空 ‎2015‎ 第二节 怎样为马拉松比赛做准备 说明文 阅读填空 ‎2016‎ 第二节 主要介绍了如何建造一个属于自己的美丽花园。‎ 说明文 阅读填空 ‎2016年全国高考III卷本专题考查分布明细统计 年份 章节 素材话题 体裁 考点分布 ‎2016‎ 第二节 介绍了吃鱼对人的好处，以及新鲜鱼的挑选及烹饪方法。‎ 说明文 阅读填空 ‎【考纲解读】‎ 考试大纲 要求 考纲解读 给出一篇缺少5个句子的文章，对应有七个选项，要求考生根据文章结构、内容，选择正确的句子，填入相应的空白处。‎ 考查考生的逻辑思维能力，也就是对上下文之间、层次之间逻辑关系的判断能力 主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构，以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。选项特点：主旨概括句（文章整体内容）；过渡性句子（文章结构）；注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）。‎ ‎【剖析全国高考真题】——预测高考命题方向 ‎ ‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 ‎ Secret codes(密码) keep messages private. Banks, companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer. ‎ People have used secret codes for thousands of years. __36__ Code breaking never lags(落后) far behind code making. The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography. ‎ There are three main types of cryptography. __37__ For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message “Meet me”．‎ ‎__38__ You might represent each letter with a number, for example. Let's number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for each letter, the message “Meet me” would read “13 5 5 20 13 5.”‎ A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book. __39__ For example, “bridge” might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me”. The message “Bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me”. __40__ However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently. ‎ A．It is very hard to break a code without the code book. ‎ B．In any language, some letters are used more than others. ‎ C．Only people who know the keyword can read the message. ‎ D．As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them. ‎ E．You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out. ‎ F．With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words. ‎ G．Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet. ‎ ‎38．G　考查推理判断及语境理解。根据后面的解释内容可以判断这是介绍密码设置的又一种方法，故判断G选项符合语境。‎ ‎39．F　考查推理判断及语境理解。根据后面的举例以及前句中的 a code book可以判断该句是介绍密码书的使用，故判断F选项可以起到承上启下的作用。‎ ‎ 40．A　考查推理判断及语境理解。根据空后内容的转折可知尽管利用密码书可以破译密码，但是一本密码书也很难长时间的保密，故判断A选项符合语境。‎ ‎ ‎ A garden that's just right for you Have you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you, where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum(总和) of its parts? __16__. But it doesn't happen by accident. It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process. ‎ ‎●__17__‎ Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of colour. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers(肥料). __18__. However, there are a number of other ‎ reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years. ‎ ‎●Recall(回忆) your childhood memories Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandma's rose garden and Dad's vegetable garden might be good or bad, but that's not what's important. __19__—how being in those gardens made us feel. If you'd like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth. __20__. Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grownup garden. Have fun. ‎ A. Know why you garden B. Find a good place for your own garden C. It's our experience of the garden that matters D. It's delightful to see so many beautiful flowers E．Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants F．You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too G．For each of those gardens, write down the strongest memory you have ‎ ‎17．A　考查语境理解及主题句。综合本段的信息，尤其是“…there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden.”可知，我们首先要明白自己为什么要建造这个花园，这与A的意义一致。‎ ‎18．E　考查上下文的语境理解。根据空格前面的“Some people may think that a garden is no more…Others are concerned about using gardening methods…”可知，有些人认为花园只是一些花花草草，另一些人则关心使用更少的水和更少的肥料。因此此处仍然是在说人们对于园艺有着不同的看法，这与E项的内容一致。‎ ‎19．C ‎　考查上下文的语境理解。根据前句的意思“……那些都不重要”可知本空强调的是在园艺中对我们来说真正重要的是什么。故C项“重要的是我们搞园艺的经历”符合上下文的语境。‎ ‎20．G　考查上下文的语境理解。这一部分主要介绍建造属于自己的花园的时候，要回忆一下年幼的时候看到的那些花园，并分别记录它们各自的优点和缺点，为制订自己的花园计划打下基础，因此选G。‎ ‎ ‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ Everyone knows that fish is good for health. __16__ But it seems that many people don't cook fish at home. Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year, but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home. Buying, storing, and cooking fish isn't difficult. __17__ This text is about how to buy and cook fish in an easy way.‎ ‎__18__ Fresh fish should smell sweet: you should feel that you're standing at the ocean's edge. Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isn't fresh. __19__ When you have bought a fish and arrive home, you'd better store the fish in the refrigerator if you don't cook it immediately, but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two. Frozen fish isn't as tasty as the fresh one.‎ There are many common methods used to cook fish. __20__ First, clean it and season it with your choice of spices(调料). Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10 minutes if it weighs about one pound. (A larger one will take more time.) Then, it's ready to serve. ‎ A. Do not buy it. ‎ B. The easiest is to steam it. ‎ C. This is how you can do it. ‎ D. It just requires a little knowledge. ‎ E．The fish will go bad within hours. ‎ F．When buying fish, you should first smell it. ‎ G．The fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart disease. ‎ ‎17. D　上文提及“买鱼、贮存鱼和烹饪鱼不难”，下一句说“本文就是有关如何购买鱼，并用简易的方法烹饪鱼的”，所以空格处应该是说“买鱼、储存鱼和烹饪鱼要求具备一些相关的知识”。故选D项。‎ ‎18. F　 由空格后的句子说“新鲜的鱼闻起来应该味道鲜美”可知上一句应该是说“你买鱼的时候应该首先闻一闻”。故选F项。‎ ‎19. A　由上一句说“任何鱼腥味或者难闻的腥臭味都意味着鱼不新鲜了”可知下一句应该是说“不要买这样的鱼”。故选A项。‎ ‎ 20. B　空格前的句子说“烹饪鱼有多种常见的方法”，后面介绍蒸鱼的步骤，由此可知空格处的句子应该是关于蒸鱼的。故选B项。‎ ‎【高考预测】‎ 纵观近两年全国高考试题，预测2017年全国高考试题还会 ‎①体裁以说明文和议论文为主（300词左右），且结构清晰（提出问题→解决问题），过程完整，适合考查标题概括、主题句和过渡句等。‎ ‎②以考查细节理解类题型为主。‎ ‎【精讲研法】——课堂讲解突破核心考点　‎ 考点一 细节理解类题型 ‎（1）词汇复现 ‎【例1】Parents should help their children understand money. 71 so you may start talking about money when your child shows an interest in buying things, candy or toys, for example.‎ D. Talk yourself what things that cost money are most important to you.‎ E. Ask yourself what things that cost money are most important to you.‎ F. Talk about how the money bought the thing after you leave the toy store.‎ G. The best time to teach a child anything about money is when he shows an interest.‎ ‎（2011新课标）‎ ‎【答案】G ‎【解析】‎ 规律方法1： 词汇复现法 复现是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即作者在文章上下文不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述。包括原词复现、同源词复现、同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现等。‎ ‎【变式精练】There are times in our lives such as when we have recently moved into a new town, or changed our jobs or schools. Such changes often leaves us without a friend   71 . But for many of us the process is difficult and requires courage. ‎ D. Try not to find fault with your friends.‎ E. Making new friends comes easy for some people.‎ F. For a friendship to develop you need to stay in touch. ‎ ‎【答案】E ‎【解析】‎ ‎（2）代词线索 ‎【例2】Try taking these four steps. the next time you are stressed:      (1) Get support. When you need help, reach out to the people who care about you.‎ ‎ Talk      To "trusted adult, such as "parent or other relatives.   72    They might have had similar problems, such as dealing with a test, or the death of a beloved pet. ‎ D. Ah, it feels so good when the stress is gone. E. You need to figure out what the problem is. F. And don't forget about your friends. ‎ ‎【答案】72.F ‎【解析】由前文parents和relatives可以推知与之并列的friends，故选F。‎ 规律方法2：代词线索 英语表达中代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用无非是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。it可指代单数名词或整个句子；they或them 指代复数名词;one指代单数可数名词；that指 代不可数名词或句子；this指代单数名词或句子；these 或those指代前句的复数名词。‎ ‎【变式精练】   73   They say the first step is to admit that you are angry and to recognize the ‎ real cause of the anger, then decide if the cause is serious enough to get angry about.‎ B. They said that laughter is much healthier than anger. ‎ F. Anger is a normal emotion that we all feel from time to time.‎ G. Doctors say the solution is learning how to deal with anger.‎ ‎【答案】G ‎【解析】73空后的they与A项doctors照应。‎ ‎（3）数字线索 ‎【例3】As in China, the weather is different from area to area.___17____ The temperatures can ‎ fall to –60℃ ，which is 60℃below freezing. In the capital, Ottawa, the average of winter ‎ temperature is –10℃,and in summer 21 ℃.___18____ The average January temperature is 3 ℃,and in July it is 18 ℃ ‎ F. In the North, the winters are long and hard with snow for six months. ‎ G. The west coast of Canada is the warmest place in winter ‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎17. F ‎ ‎18.G 规律方法3：数字线索 　　包括具体数字以及和数字相关的词汇诸如ratio, rate等等。作者列出数字，除了和其他数字进行对比和比较之外，还可以用数据来说明一个观点。‎ ‎【变式精练】Researchers analyzed the contents of 28 strawberry-flavored products sold in stores．  72   Of  the ‎ 11 products that did contain strawberries, five of them contained less than one percent real fruit．In addition, each juice box contained nearly eight teaspoons of sugar． ‎ A．The products which contain real fruit are popular with people.‎ B．Even products advertised as more natural often contained no fruit.‎ C．They found that about 60 percent of them didn't contain any fruit at all.‎ D．If companies can cut their costs by using flavoring, they are likely to do so.‎ E. It is important and necessary to demand a small amount of flavoring in the products. F. Actually the product contains just a tiny percentage of strawberry or even no fruit at all. G. The Food Commission suggested all flavors used in a product should be listed on ‎ the packaging.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎72. C ‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎72.从数字60 percent，空后11和空前的28可以推出此空与数字有关。再从空中的them和空后的the 11 products可以推测前面提到了products.‎ ‎（4）逻辑关系线索 ‎【例4】Over the last 25 years, British society has changed a great deal—or at least many parts of it have. ______1_______ . Ideas about social class—whether a person is “working-class” or “middle-class” —are one area in which changes have been extremely slow.‎ A．Nowadays, a great deal has changed B．Both of these provided him and his family with security C．As a result, differences in life-styles and attitudes came into existence D．However, we still have a wide gap between the well-paid and the low-paid E．In recent years, the working-class people have begun to design long- term plans F．In some ways, however, very little has changed, particularly where attitudes are concerned G．The changes in both life-styles and attitudes are probably most easily seen among younger ‎ people ‎【答案】1. F 规律方法4：逻辑关系线索 　(a)并列与递进关系： and, or, also，neither…nor…,either…or…,likewise,‎ ‎ similarly, equally, in the same way, that is to say ,as well as, the same …as, besides, additionally, furthermore, moreover, in addition to ,what is more ‎　(b)因果关系：because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, so…that, consequently, accordingly, due to, thanks to, as a result ,because of ,in that, for this reason, of course ‎　(c)转折让步关系：but, however, yet, on the contrary, by contrast, on the other hand, unfortunately, while, whereas, unlike, rather than ,instead of, it is true that, of course, although, though, even though, even if, nevertheless, despite, in spite of ‎　(d)时间关系：afterwards, at first, at last, finally, first, firstly, in the first place, to start with，in the mean time, last, later, next, second, secondly, then, third, thirdly, to begin with以及一些具体的时间。‎ ‎【变式精练】You will want to take notes during classroom discussions and while reading a textbook or doing research for a report. 72 Whenever or however you take notes, keep in mind that note-taking is a selective process.‎ A. Use words, not complete sentences.‎ B. There are three practical note-taking methods.‎ C. You must write your notes on separate paper.‎ D. Otherwise, you may not be able to read your notes later.‎ E. you will also want to develop your own method for taking notes.‎ F. That means you must first decide what is important enough to include in your notes.‎ G. First, the simple act of writing something down makes it easier for you to understand and remember it.‎ ‎【答案】72. E 考点二 细节理解类题型 ‎（1）问题在段首或是小标题 ‎【例1】 3   Every day, when she comes back home from work, she sets about doing housework, sweeping the living room and bedrooms or cleaning the furniture, and putting everything in good order. She seems to be busy all the time. As she has been very busy working every day, she looks older than her age. But she looks as cheerful and happy as ever. Mother never buys expensive dresses for herself, but she often buys some inexpensive but high quality clothes for us.‎ A. She enjoys listening to classic music.‎ C. She loves her students and cares for them.‎ D. She never goes to expensive restaurants to enjoy meals.‎ E. My mother is hard-working and never wastes money.‎ ‎【答案】3. E ‎【解析】本题考查主旨概括句。本段内容主要写了“她下班就做家务”，其次是“她从不给自己买昂贵的衣服，从不去高档的饭店吃饭。”说明妈妈既勤劳又节俭。所以应选E ‎ ‎【例2】●    3   When a person is asking a question, show interest and a desire to understand the question by listening and asking for clarification.‎ ‎●Buy time．‎ When facing a hard question, most people can’t give an answer immediately．Buy time by repeating the question in your own words．　4　　 These techniques allow you to quickly organize your thoughts as well as to make sure you will be correctly answering the question．‎ ‎●Suggest a private meeting．‎ A one-on-one meeting is a calmer setting than speaking in front of your peers．　5　　‎ A. Show your true interest. B. Restate the question with respect. C. Some ideas can be quite concrete. D. There were many difficult questions. E. It can also be more effective in exchanging ideas. F. You many also ask for clarification on the question. G. Here are some ideas that can help you prepare for your next meeting.‎ ‎【答案】3. A ‎【解析】本题考查主旨概括句。所在空为该段大意。本段主要内容为“对他人提出的问题表示感兴趣，渴望理解”，A项恰好与其吻合。所以应选E 规律方法1：如果问题在段首或是小标题？‎ 通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。关注每段首尾句，了解大意知主题。‎ ‎【变式精练】 3  ．On the one hand，a yellow room makes most people feel more cheerful and more relaxed than a dark green one；and a red dress brings warmth and cheer to the coldest winter day． 4（A）  ．A black bridge over the Thames River, near London．used to be the scene of more suicides(自杀)than any other bridge in the area—until it was repainted green．The number of suicide attempts immediately fell sharply．Perhaps it would have fallen even more if the bridge had been done in pink or baby blue．‎ A．On the other hand，black is depressing．‎ B．The rooms are painted in different colors as you like．‎ C．They tell us that we do not choose our favorite color as grow up—we are born with our preference．‎ D．If you do，you must be an optimist(乐观主义者)，a leader or an active person who enjoys life．‎ E．Light and bright colors make people not only happier but more active. F．Life is like a picture or a poem，full of different colors． G.．Colors do influence our moods—there is no doubt about it ‎【答案】3. G ‎【解析】本段主要包含两层意思，前面写黄颜色和红颜色对人们情绪的影响，后面写黑色对人的影响。文中还列举了相应的例子。所以应选G。‎ ‎（2）问题在段尾 ‎【例2】By the time I was 12, My grandmother thought I had done such a good job that she promoted me to selling cosmetics(化妆品). I developed the ability to look customers directly in the eye. Even though I was just a kid, women would ask me such things as “What color do you think I should wear? ”I took a real interest in their questions and was able to translate what they wanted into makeup(化妆)ideas. 74 ‎ A．Later I received 50 cents an hour.‎ B．Before long, she let me sit there by myself.‎ C．I ended my selling a record amount of cosmetics.‎ D．Today I still carry that lesson with me: I listen to customers.‎ E. My grandma’s trust taught me how to handle responsibility.  F. Soon I found myself looking more beautiful than ever before.  G. Watching my money grow was more rewarding than anything I could have bought.（2010辽宁）‎ ‎【答案】74. C 规律方法2：如果问题在段尾？‎ 通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。‎ ‎【变式精练】Nowadays in China, parents care about their children’s education more than anything else. They spend a lot coaching(训练) their children in their studies. Some even hire teachers for their children. Many have their children sent to after-class schools.____.‎ A. It seems as if a better education is all that parents expect for their children.‎ B. Skills and knowledge means competition.‎ C. Skills and knowledge doesn’t mean all.‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查上下文的理解判断能力。本段讲述中国父母更多地关注孩子的教育，而A选项内容“似乎父母把全部希望寄托在孩子更好的教育上”恰好与语境相吻合，所以选A。‎