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Unit 5 MUSIC
Section C Discovering Useful Structures
核心词汇
◆教材原句
Though he was affected by
gradual
blindness soon after the performance...
尽管演出后不久他就逐渐失明
……
◆要点必记
(
1
)
gradual growth
逐渐成长
a gradual change in climate
气候的逐渐变化
a gradual process
一个循序渐进的过程
a gradual increase in the birth rate
出生率逐渐增长
(
2
)
gradually
adv.
逐渐地;逐步地
have gradually changed
逐渐变化
◆单句写作
(
1
)
There has been
(逐步的变化)
in climate.
(
2
)
Education is
(一个循序渐进的过程)
.
◆单句语法填空
(
3
)
The girl used to be shy
,
but is
(
gradual
)
getting active in group work and is more willing to express herself.
(
4
) [词汇复现]
These exercises let your heart
rate
increase and
reduce
__________
(
gradual
),
but not suddenly.
a gradual change
a gradual process
gradually
gradually
词汇二
capable
adj.
有能力的;有才能的
◆教材原句
...Henry was still
capable
of writing compositions...
亨利仍然有能力作曲
……
◆要点必记
be capable of
(
doing
)
sth.
有能力(做)某事
◆单句写作
(
1
)[词汇复现]
The pianist
(能)
playing
various
songs on the
piano
;
he leads a romantic life.
(
2
)
Actually
,
we
(有能力阻止)
the disease from spreading.
is capable of
are capable of preventing
词汇三
relief
n
.
(
1
)(焦虑、痛苦的)减轻或消除(
+from/of sth.
)(
2
)(不快过后的)宽慰、轻松或解脱
◆教材原句
...he found that creating music was a
relief
and
cure
for his illness.
……
他发现创作音乐对自己的疾病来说是一种缓解和治疗。
◆要点必记
in relief
如释重负;松了口气
to one’s relief
令某人欣慰的是
much to one’s relief/to one’s great relief
令某人非常欣慰的是
It is a relief to see/have/know...
看到
/
拥有
/
知道
……
是件令人宽慰的事。
What a relief!
终于放心了!
◆词语积累
relieve
vt.
减轻,缓解→
relief
n.
◆单句写作
(
1
)[词汇复现]
Thus
she got
treatment
in the hospital.
( 如释重负)
she was
cured
of the
disease
.
(
2
)
(让她感到欣慰的是),
her younger brother recovered quickly after operation.
◆单句语法填空
(
3
)
She smiled
relief after she heard her son had been admitted to Tsinghua University.
(
4
)
—Don’t worry
,
Mum. The doctor said it was only the flu.
—What
relief! I’ll tell Dad there’s nothing serious.
(
5
)
In a way it was a relief
(
know
)
exactly what was happening.
In relief
To her relief
in
a
to know
词汇四
cure
(
1
)
vt.
治愈;治好(疾病);解决(问题) (
2
)
n.
药物;治疗;(解决问题、改善糟糕情况的)措施
◆要点必记
cure sb. of sth.
治愈某人的疾病;矫正
/
改正某人的不良行为
a cure for...
……
的治疗方法
◆误区警示
cure
强调“治愈”这一结果,而
treat
强调治疗的过程。
cure
用作动词,其后跟
sb. of sth.
或直接跟
sth.
作宾语。
◆学法点拨
vt.
+ sb. + of
:
rob sb. of sth.
抢劫某人某物
remind sb. of sth.
提醒某人某事
inform sb. of sth.
通知某人某事
cheat sb. of sth.
欺骗某人某事
warn sb. of sth.
警告某人某事
accuse sb. of sth.
控告某人某事
◆单句语法填空
(
1
)
The doctor cured him
his headache.
(
2
) [词汇复现]
He found that creating music was a
relief
and
cure
his illness.
(
3
)
The doctor
(
cure
)
me of my illness at last
,
and I was very thankful to him.
(
4
)
Many bad habits can be especially difficult
(
cure
)
because they are likely to form at a very young age.
(
5
)[
2016·
全国
Ⅲ
卷]
Confucius believed knives would remind people
killings and were too violent for use at the table.
◆辨析填空(
cure/treat
)
(
6
)
The dentist
my teeth
,
but he didn’t
them.
of
for
cured
to
cure
of
treated
cure
词汇五
be/get absorbed in sth./sb.
被
……
吸引住;专心致志
◆教材原句
When he
got absorbed in
his world of music...
当他沉浸在他的音乐世界里时
……
◆要点必记
absorb/attract one’s attention
吸引某人的注意力
absorb oneself in=be absorbed in
全神贯注于,专注于
◆学法点拨
“全神贯注于
/
专心于”的表达法:
be absorbed in
全神贯注于;热衷于
be lost in
陷于;为
……
所吸引
be buried in
埋头于;专心于
be occupied in
忙于
◆单句语法填空
(
1
)
With the children making so much noise outside
,
I can’t get absorbed
my study.
(
2
)
He was so
(
absorb
)
in thought that he ran against a passer-by.
(
3
)[
2015·
天津卷]
(
absorb
)
in painting
,
John didn’t notice evening approaching.
(
4
)
I decided to concentrate my efforts
finding a good job.
◆一句多译
昨晚约翰沉浸在科幻小说中。
(
5
)
John was
the science fiction last night.
(
6
)
John was
the science fiction last night.
(
7
)
John was
the science fiction last night.
in
absorbed
Absorbed
lost
in
buried
in
on
absorbed
in
词汇六
previous
adj.
先前的;以往的
◆教材原句
...he felt as if he could “see” the beauty of the world around him
,
like he had in his
previous
life.
……
他觉得他仿佛能“看到” 周围世界的美,就像他以往的生活一样。
◆要点必记
previous to
在
……
以前(
to
是介词)
previous
adj.
+-ly → previously
adv.
以前, 先前
◆学法点拨
senior to
比
……
级别高
/
年长
junior to
比
……
级别低
/
年龄小
superior to
比
……
好
inferior to
比
……
差
◆单句写作
(
1
)
I couldn’t believe it when I heard the news. I had only seen him
(前一天)
.
(
2
) [词汇复现]
(在
……
之前)
the
conference
we had discussed the
issue
among ourselves in order to express our ideas clearly.
◆单句语法填空
(
3
)
Previous to
(
leave
)
for France
,
he studied a lot about the country.
(
4
)
The building had
(
previous
)
been used as a hotel.
(
5
)
Although he only joined the company last year
,
he is senior
me already.
the previous day
Previous to
leaving
previously
to
词汇七
unemployed
adj.
失业的;待业的
◆教材原句
Dave was
unemployed
so he had time to consider what job he really wanted.
戴夫失业了,所以他有时间考虑他真正想要的工作。
◆要点必记
(
1
)
an unemployed builder
失业的建筑工人
become unemployed
失业
the unemployed
失业者(一类人)
(
2
)
employ
vt.
雇用;使用
employment
n.
就业;工作;使用
employ sb. as sth.
雇用某人当
……
employ sb. to do sth.
雇用某人做某事
be employed in doing sth. = employ oneself in doing sth.
从事某事,忙于做某事
out of employment=out of work
失业
full-time/part-time employment
全职
/
兼职 工作
◆单句语法填空
(
1
)
The government has promised to take measures to help the
(
employ
)
.
(
2
)
The woman was employed
(
watch
)
over the old during his absence.
(
3
)
She has been employed
a secretary in a big company in Shanghai.
(
4
)
It is a fact beyond debate that the
(
employ
)
pressure of graduates is heavy.
◆单句写作
(
5
)
A number of people
(被雇用)
deal with the backlog of work.
(
6
)
He
(一直忙于)
researching the wildlife protection in recent years.
unemployed
to watch
as
employment
have been employed to
has been employed in/has employed himself in
词汇八
impact
(
1
)
n.
巨大影响;强大作用;冲击力 (
2
)
v.
影响
◆教材原句
Well known as a successful band
,
the
Impact
members show quite a few striking qualities.
作为一个成功的乐队而闻名,这些有影响力的成员显示了相当多的惊人品质。
◆要点必记
(
1
)
have an impact on/upon
对
……
有影响
impact on/upon
对
……
有影响
(
2
)
affect/influence sb. /sth.
对
……
有影响
have an effect/influence on/upon
对
……
有影响
◆单句语法填空
(
1
)
A study shows drinking coffee before exercise has a negative impact
heart.
(
2
)[词汇复现]
Somehow
she had a serious
disease
,
which had a great impact
her
previous
life.
◆单句写作
(
3
)
To tell the truth
,
smoking
(对人的健康有不好的影响)
.
on/upon
on/upon
has a bad impact on/upon one’s health/impacts on/upon one’s health
词汇九
aim
(
1
)
n.
目的;目标 (
2
)
vi.
&
vt.
力求达到;力争做到;瞄准 (
3
)
vt.
目的是;旨在
◆教材原句
Filled with team spirit
,
they act as a whole
,
always
aiming
for glory.
充满团队精神,他们作为一个整体,总是追求荣誉。
◆要点必记
(
1
)
with the aim of
带有
……
的目标
achieve one’s aim
实现某人的目标
take aim at
瞄准
……
;旨在
……
(
2
)
aim at
瞄准;针对;以
……
为目标
be aimed at
目标是,目的是,旨在;针对
aim to do
旨在
……
,目的在于
……
◆词语积累
aim
n.
&
v.
→ aimless
adj.
漫无目的的→
aimlessly
adv.
无目标地
◆单句语法填空
(
1
)
We visited schools
the aim of getting young people interested in theatre.
(
2
)[
2019·
北京卷]
All our projects aim
(
promote
)
the development of poor and remote communities.
(
3
)
She wandered in the supermarket
(
aim
),
buying nothing.
(
4
)
The measures are aimed
preventing accidents during work.
◆单句写作
(
5
)
The activity
(旨在让老年人多运动)
.
aims at
(
is aimed at
)
having the old exercise more/aims to have the old exercise more
at
aimlessly
to promote
with
单元语法 过去分词作表语和状语
要点一 过去分词作表语
◆要点必记
(
1
)过去分词可放在连系动词
be
,
get
,
feel
,
remain
,
seem
,
look
,
become
等之后作表语,表示主语所处的情绪或状态。
(
2
)过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别
“
be+
过去分词”表示状态时,是系表结构,此时分词通常已形容词化;表示动作时,是被动语态,且绝大多数被动结构中的动作执行者由介词
by
引出。
(
3
)英语中有很多与感觉有关的使令动词,其现在分词表示主动意义,即“令人
……
的”,多用来修饰物;其过去分词表示被动意义,即“感到
……
的”,多用来修饰人、人的声音或表情等。常用的这类词有:
exciting
令人激动的
excited
激动的,兴奋的
astonishing
令人惊讶的
astonished
感到惊讶的
inspiring
令人鼓舞的
inspired
受鼓舞的
disappointing
令人失望的
disappointed
感到失望的
encouraging
令人鼓舞的
encouraged
受到鼓舞的
interesting
令人感兴趣的
interested
感兴趣的
frightening
令人害怕的
frightened
受惊的
moving
感人的
moved
受感动的
pleasing
令人高兴的
pleased
感到满意的
shocking
令人震惊的
shocked
感到震惊的
tiring
令人疲倦的
tired
疲倦的
worrying
令人担心的
worried
感到担心的
satisfying
令人满意的
satisfied
感到满意的
puzzling
令人迷惑的
puzzled
感到迷惑的
◆学法点拨
有些使令动词,如
dress
,
seat
,
absorb
等, 其过去分词无论作定语还是表语,都无被动的意味。因为
dress oneself in
等于
be dressed in
;
seat oneself on
等于
be seated on
;
absorb oneself in
等于
be absorbed in
。 这种现象缘于反身代词的用法:主语和宾语同为一人,主语是动作的发出者,又是动作的承受者,这就出现了被动语态或过去分词不表示“被动”的语言现象
◆单句语法填空
(
1
)
For those with family members far away
,
the personal computer and the phone are important in staying
(
connect
)
.
(
2
)
In April
,
thousands of holidaymakers remained
(
stick
)
abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.
(
3
)
Ladies and gentlemen
,
please remain
(
seat
)
until the plane has come to a complete stop.
(
4
)
Please remain
(
seat
);
the winner of the prize will be announced soon.
◆单句写作
(
5
) 听到那个消息他似乎很高兴。
_________________________________________
(
6
) 门仍然锁着。
_______________________ _________
connected
stuck
seated
seated
He seemed quite delighted at the news.
The door remained locked.
◆判断下列句子是被动语态还是系表结构,并写出句意
(
7
)
The book is well written. __________________________
(
8
)
The book was written by his father. _____________________________
◆选词填空
(
9
)
His most
invitation was to perform on a TV programme called “Top of the Pops”.
(
exciting/excited
)
(
10
)
I feel so
! At this time tomorrow morning I will be flying to Shanghai.
(
exciting/excited
)
(
11
)
Brian felt
when he was sitting on the sofa and watching TV. How
his lifestyle was!
(
relaxing/relaxed
)
系表结构 这本书写得很好。
被动语态 这本书是他父亲写的。
exciting
excited
relaxed
relaxing
(
12
)
He is always
me with some
stories. I have been
with it.
(
boring/bored
)
(
13
)
He is
at the
news that his mother has to stay in Japan during Christmas.
(
disappointing/disappointed
)
(
14
)
A sudden stop can be a very
experience
,
especially if you are travelling at high speed.
(
frightening/frightened
)
(
15
)
Although the little girl was
,
she answered in a calm voice.
(
frightening/frightened
)
(
16
)
The
news made me realize what terrible problems we would face.
(
shocking/shocked
)
(
17
)
The parents were
by the news that their son needed an operation on his knee.
(
shocking/shocked
)
boring
boring
bored
disappointed
disappointing
frightening
frightened
shocking
shocked
要点二 过去分词作状语
◆要点必记
过去分词(短语)作状语,表示动作发生的背景或情况,其逻辑主语即是句子的主语。过去分词(短语)在句中作状语可以表示时间、条件、方式或伴随、让步、原因等。
(
1
)表示时间 过去分词(短语)作时间状语,相当于一个时间状语从句。
(
2
)表示条件 过去分词(短语)作条件状语,相当于一个条件状语从句。
(
3
)表示方式或伴随 过去分词(短语)作方式状语或伴随状语, 可以转换成一个并列句。
(
4
)表示让步 过去分词(短语)作让步状语,相当于一个让步状语从句。
(
5
)表示原因 过去分词(短语)作原因状语,相当于一个原因状语从句。
(
1
)
The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise
,
if
(
carry
)
out regularly
,
can improve our health.
(
2
)
(
see
)
from the top of the tower
,
the south foot of the mountain is like a sea of trees.
(
3
)
Though
(
surprise
)
to see us
,
the professor gave us a warm welcome.
(
4
)
(
encourage
)
by the advances in technology
,
many farmers have set up wind farms on their lands.
◆判断正(
T
)误(
F
)
小偷如果被抓,会受到警方的惩罚。
(
5
)
If caught
,
the police will punish the thief.
( )
(
6
)
If caught
,
the thief will be punished by the police.
( )
carried
Seen
surprised
Encouraged
F
T
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