话题08+热点话题-备战2018年高考英语书面表达常考素材速用 16页

热点话题和社会主要涉及与人的生活及社会发展方面的潮流趋势以及影响巨大的突发事件。潮流趋势往往是社会发展的必然，然而在其发展过程中必然会引起一些争论，所以此类话题一般会要求考生：①从现象入手，②分析其成因，③优点与不足 ④自己的观点或提出建议。‎ 考生在写此类文章时， 应该对文章有很强的整体把握能力和分析问题解决问题的能力， 同时合理调动和利用在生活中所积累的有关知识提出有建设性的意见。作文包含四个部分：现象－成因－优缺点－观点。各个环节之间要注意逻辑，衔接和应用恰当的过渡句。、‎ 命题者可能从以下角度出题：‎ ‎1. Traffic and Protecting Environment(交通与环保)；‎ ‎2. The Popular Science Knowledge and Science Technology(科普知识与科学技术)；‎ ‎3. Reduce Pressure(减压)；‎ ‎4. Shopping(购物) ‎ 人们的生活节奏越来越快，网上购物已经成为了大众生活中不可缺少的一部分；‎ ‎5. Travelling(旅游) ‎ 现代人的生活压力都很大，所以人们喜欢通过旅游来缓解压力；‎ ‎6. Network(网络)‎ 现在很多，让学生正反两个方面谈论一下在业余时间该不该上网， 并说出原因；‎ ‎7. Safety awareness（安全意识）‎ 为了进一步增强中学生的安全意识，提高自我保护能力；‎ ‎8. Save Food and Eat Healthily(节约食物与健康饮食 )‎ 目前，我国政府号召全民“拒绝浪费，文明用餐”；‎ ‎9. Nature(自然)‎ 在我们身边，经常有自然灾害发生。‎ 一.话题常用单词 ‎1. brand品牌 ‎2. economy经济 ‎3. democracy民主 ‎4. hurricane飓风 ‎ ‎5. earthquake地震 ‎6. flood洪水 ‎7. typhoon台风 ‎8. volcano火山 ‎9. afford 负担得起 ‎10. subprime crisis次贷危机 ‎11. apply申请 ‎12. fashion时尚 ‎13. in debt欠债 ‎ ‎14. cash wireless无线 ‎15. household appliance家用电器 ‎16. surf the Internet上网 ‎17. achievements of China中国的成就 ‎18. natural disaster自然灾害 ‎19. flu (influenza)流感 ‎20. financial crisis经济危机 ‎21. credit card信用卡 ‎22. Beijing Olympics北京奥运会 ‎23. IT (information technology )信息科技 ‎24. pollution污染 ‎25. global warming全球变暖 ‎26. Korean wave/trend韩流 ‎27. private cars私家车 ‎28. TV shopping电视购物 ‎29. influence影响 ‎30. the reform and opening-up policy改革开放政策 二.话题常用短语 ‎1.express service快递服务 ‎2. online payment网络支付 ‎3. scientific invention科学发明 ‎4. double-edged sword双刃剑 ‎5. energy crisis能源危机 ‎6. unprecedented前所未有的 ‎7. aggravate使恶化 ‎8. technical innovation科技创新 ‎9. antithetical与…背道而驰的 ‎10. exhaust gas废气 ‎11. potential hazards潜在危险 ‎12. scientific exploration科学探索 ‎13. milestone里程碑 ‎14. speedy and comfortable快捷舒适 ‎ ‎15.convenient and efficient方便快捷 ‎16. promote relative industries促进相关产业发展 ‎ ‎17. a sense of national pride民族自豪感 ‎18. pose a threat to…对… 有威胁 ‎19. collect / impose / levy tax 增税 ‎20. means of transportation交通手段 ‎21. environment-friendly resources 环保资源 ‎22.green energy环保能源 ‎23. human civilization人类文明 ‎24.mainstream culture主流文化 ‎25. local customs and practices风土人情 ‎ ‎26. carry forward 继承，发扬… ‎ ‎27. artistic reflection艺术反映 ‎28. artistic standards艺术水准 ‎29. cultural diversity文化多元化 ‎30. place of interest名胜 ‎ ‎31. spiritual civilization精神文明 ‎ ‎32. national identity and value民族特性和价值观 ‎33. be closely interrelated with…与…有密切关系 ‎34. cross-cultural communication跨文化交流 ‎35. achievements of art艺术成就 ‎36. preserve the cultural relics保护文化遗产 ‎37.settle down effective laws制定出积极有效的法律 ‎38. impose restrictions on …对…实施限制 ‎39. popularization of cars汽车普及 ‎40. observe (break) traffic regulations遵守 (违反) 交通规则 ‎41. get stuck in traffic遇上堵车 （get stuck in a traffic jam） ‎ ‎42. rush hour上下班高峰时段 ‎ ‎43. ease the traffic pressure缓解交通压力 ‎44. pedestrian行人 ‎ ‎45. pavement人行道 ‎ ‎46. zebra crossing斑马线 ‎47. overspeed超速行驶 ‎48. speed limits限速 ‎49. make full use of …充分利用 ‎50. road networks公路网 ‎51. bottleneck瓶颈 ‎52. automobile industry汽车工业 ‎53. pollution-free fuel无污染燃料 ‎54. pay a heavy price付出惨痛的代价 ‎55. settle down effective laws 制定出积极有效的法律 ‎ ‎56. enhance the quality of life提高生活质量 ‎57. make rapid progress取得快速的进步 ‎58. see dramatic breakthroughs取得突破性进展 ‎59. give a great push to the economic growth促进经济发展 ‎60. earth-shaking changes翻天覆地的改变 ‎61. pave the way for the future development 为未来的发展铺平道路 ‎62. lay a solid foundation for…为… 打下坚实的基础 ‎63. depletion of resources能源消耗 ‎64. boost / promote the economic development极大地推动了经济发展 ‎65. make people’s life easier (more convenient) 使人们生活更便捷 三、参考语句 话题常用句型 ‎1. Proper measures must be taken to limit the number of foreign tourists and the great efforts should be made to protect local environment and history from the harmful effects of international tourism.应该采取适当的措施限制外国旅游者的数量，努力保护当地环境和历史不受国际旅游业的不利影响。‎ ‎2 An increasing number of experts believe that migrants will exert positive effects on construction of city. 越来越多的专家相信移民对城市的建设起到积极作用。‎ ‎3.However, this opinion is now being questioned by more and more city residents, who complain that the migrants have brought many serious problems like crime and drug.然而，越来越多的城市居民却怀疑这种说法，他们抱怨民工给城市带来了许多严重的问题，像犯罪和吸毒。‎ ‎4. Many city residents complain that it is so few buses in their city that they have to spend much more time waiting for a bus, which is usually crowded with a large number of passengers.许多市民抱怨城市的公交车太少，以至于他们要花很长时间等一辆公交车，而车上可能已满载乘客。‎ ‎5. There is no denying the fact that air pollution is an extremely serious problem: the city authorities should take strong measures to deal with it.无可否认，空气污染是一个极其严重的问题：城市当局应该采取有力措施来解决它。‎ ‎6. An investigation shows that female workers tend to have a favorable attitude toward retirement.一项调查显示妇女欢迎退休。‎ ‎7. According to a recent survey, four million people die each year from diseases linked to smoking.依照最近的一项调查，每年有4 000 000人死于与吸烟有关的疾病。‎ ‎8. Any government, which is blind to this point, may pay a heavy price.任何政府忽视这一点都将付出巨大的代价。‎ ‎9. In view of the seriousness of this problem, effective measures should be taken before things ‎ get worse.考虑到问题的严重性，在事态进一步恶化之前，必须采取有效的措施。‎ ‎10. It is indisputable that there are millions of people who still have a miserable life and have to face the dangers of starvation and exposure.无可争辩，现在有成千上万的人仍过着挨饿受冻的痛苦生活。‎ ‎11. In the last decades, advances in medical technology have made it possible for people to live longer than in the past.在过去的几十年，先进的医疗技术已经使得人们比过去活得时间更长成为可能。‎ ‎12. In fact, we have to admit the fact that the quality of life is as important as life itself.事实上，我们必须承认生命的质量和生命本身一样重要。‎ ‎13. This is a matter of life and death—a matter no country can afford to ignore.这是一个关系到生死的问题，任何国家都不能忽视。‎ ‎14. This view is now being questioned by more and more people.这一观点正受到越来越多的人的质疑。‎ ‎15. Environmental experts point out that the increasing pollution not only causes serious problems such as global warming but also could threaten to end human life on our planet.环境学家指出：持续增加的污染不仅会导致像全球变暖这样严重的问题，而且还将威胁到人类在这个星球的生存。‎ ‎16. Despite many obvious advantages of bicycle, it is not without its problem.尽管自行车有许多明显的优点，它仍然存在一些问题。‎ ‎17. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that advantages of bicycle far outweigh its disadvantages and it will still play essential roles in modern society.通过以上讨论，我们可以得出结论：自行车的优点远大于缺点，并且在现代社会它仍将发挥重要作用。‎ ‎18. These days, people in growing numbers are beginning to complain that work is more stressful and less leisurely than in past. 现在，越来越多的人们开始抱怨工作比以前更有压力。‎ ‎19.Many experts point out that, along with the development of modern society, it is an inevitable result and there is no way to avoid it.许多专家指出这是现代社会发展的必然结果，无法避免。‎ ‎20. No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet.没有一项发明像互联网一样同时受到如此多的赞扬和批评。‎ ‎【典例01】‎ 假定你是中学生李华。在一位名叫Tiger Mom的学生家长的博客上，你看到如下内容。请你根据博客内容、写作要点和要求，给这位家长回复。‎ I’m the mother of a fourteen-year-old. I have a rule for my daughter: be among the top 5 students or get punished in one way or another. She has been doing very well in school, but some friends of mine keep telling me that I put too much pressure on her. Am I wrong?‎ 写作要点：‎ ‎1.表明自己的看法；‎ ‎2.陈述自己的理由（可举例说明）；‎ ‎3.提出至少两条建议。‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ 而言应该用一般现在时，人称使用第一人称。注意使用高级词汇和句式，以增加文章的亮点。‎ ‎【范文赏析】‎ Hi, Tiger Mom，‎ What puzzles you is actually a puzzle for many parents in China. My idea is that it is not quite right for you to do so. Although high grades are an important factor in evaluating students and for their future university admission, development in wisdom, emotion, health and life attitude should never be ignored. There are many examples around us .Some all-A students in school have turned out not to be as successful in society as they were expected. The reason is often that the pressure from their parents allows them almost no time for ‎ other activities .Furthermore, punishment is by no means a wise choice to help them grow up mentally and physically.‎ So I suggest that you take your friends’ advice. More importantly, let her live like a lovely girl ; let her have more friends and social activities ; and let her make takes of her own as we teenagers often do.‎ ‎【典例02】‎ 假如你是一名大学生叫李华，请就大学就业问题，从大学毕业生的心态、就业形势以及就业前景几个方面，针对近年来大学毕业生就业情况给报社写一封120字左右的信件谈谈你的看法。‎ 要点如下：‎ ‎1. 学生心态 向往城市，不愿下乡；‎ ‎2. 就业现状 城市人才过剩；农村渴求人才；‎ ‎3. 就业前景 农村天地广阔，可施展才华。‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【写作指导】‎ 增加文章的亮点。还要适当使用关联词使文章更加连贯。‎ ‎【范文赏析】‎ Dear editor,‎ I am writing to you to talk about taking up occupations for college graduates.‎ Nowadays many graduates are looking forward to obtaining employment in big cities, unwilling to work in the countryside. So it is difficult for them to find proper jobs.‎ As a matter of fact, there are not enough opportunities to satisfy most of the hunters in big cities while in the countryside talented people are badly needed and a lot of posts are ‎ waiting for us. Rural areas are a vast world, where you can put your abilities to good use and you’ll be able to make greater contributions to the building of new countryside.‎ Therefore, as college students we should have the right attitude towards ourselves and the job. I believe we can have as bright a future in the countryside as we have in the city.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua ‎【典例03】‎ ‎（2016湖北七校联考）假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Peter给你来信，想向你了解有关酒泉卫星发射中心神州十一号升空的情况。请你写一封100词左右的回信，向他介绍情况。‎ 要点： 1. 发射时间：2016年10月17日； 2.运载两名航天员：景海鹏和陈冬；‎ ‎3.飞行时间：33天；‎ ‎4.飞行任务：与天宫二号完成对接；开展有关科学实验;‎ ‎5.你的感受。‎ 注意： 1. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 2.开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数。‎ 参考词汇：神州十一号 Shenzhou Ⅺ manned spacecraft; 发射launch;‎ 天宫二号 Tiangong Ⅱ space laboratory; 对接dock with Dear Peter,‎ How are things going? I’m more than pleased to learn you are interested in what has happened recently in Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center.‎ ‎______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ Best wishes!‎ ‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua ‎【写作指导】‎ ‎【范文赏析】‎ Dear Peter,‎ ‎ How are things going? I’m more than pleased to learn you are interested in what has happened recently in Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. Now I will tell you something detailed about it.‎ ‎ After years’ preparations, the Shenzhou Ⅺ manned spacecraft, carrying two male astronauts, Jing Haipeng and Chen Dong, was launched into space on Oct.17, 2016. The mission, which will last 33 days, aims to dock with the TiangongⅡSpace Laboratory, where a series of scientific experiments are to be conducted. The two astronauts will work and live in the lab for a month, making it China’s longest space stay ever.‎ ‎ You can’t imagine how excited I was for it means much to us. The milestone success lays a strong foundation for China’s future exploration and more importantly, it will open a new chapter for China’s space industry.‎ ‎ Best wishes.‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua ‎（1）‎ 前不久，中央电视台报道了贵州十岁男孩独自照顾重病妈妈的故事，引起社会极大反响。假如你是某校高三学生李华，请根据以下要点用英语向某英语报社写一封信。‎ ‎1、呼吁社会爱心捐助；‎ ‎2、学会感恩；‎ ‎3、结合实际谈谈你的看法。‎ 注意：‎ ‎1、信的开头和结尾已给出，不记入总词数；‎ ‎2、可根据内容要点适当发挥；词数120个左右。‎ Dear editor , ‎ I’m a student of Senior Three. Not long ago, from CCTV, I learned that a ten-year-old boy in Guizhou was taking care of his seriously sick mother in hospital alone, by which I was deeply moved ….‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ Yours sincerely ,‎ Li Hua ‎【范文】‎ Dear editor , ‎ I’m a student of Senior Three. Not long ago, from CCTV, I learned that a ten-year-old boy in Guizhou was taking care of his seriously sick mother in hospital alone, by which I was deeply moved ….‎ China is a great country and Chinese people think highly of traditional virtues. It is what the child did for his mother that sets us students a good example. First, something should be done for the little boy and his family. We appeal to the whole society to donate money or do something else to help them out of the difficulty. Second, our schools should help to develop the spirit of being grateful to the society, teachers as well as parents. Last but not least, our government should continue, To improve the medical insurance system, especially to support those who are badly in need of medical care.‎ As students, not only should we work hard at our lessons, but we should be helpful, bear gratitude in mind and overcome difficulties bravely and wisely.‎ Yours sincerely ,‎ Li Hua 起来很有条理，也很流畅。本篇文章在写作时不要啰嗦，力求简洁。‎ ‎【亮点说明】所给范文语言简洁，应用了一些较好的词组和句子： think highly of 高度评价，in need of需要，bear sth. in mind记住， It is what the child did for his mother that sets us students a good example. 这句话用了主语从句和强调句， appeal to sb. to do sth呼吁某人做..，as well as 不但…而且， To improve the medical insurance system, especially to support those who are badly in need of medical care.这句话用了定语从句， not only should we work hard at our lessons, but we should be helpful, bear gratitude in mind and overcome difficulties bravely and wisely.这句话用了倒装句，还有文章使用了 First, Second, Last but not least这样的关联词使文章更连贯。‎ ‎（2）‎ 近来我国多地雾霾天气不断增多，极大地影响了人们的健康与生活。请你根据提示，用英语写一篇文章，向某英语报社投稿。‎ ‎ 提示：1. 实况描述 ‎2. 对生活造成的影响 ‎3. 分析雾霾形成的原因 ‎4. 提出治理污染的建议。‎ 注意：1. 上下文连贯，行文流畅。‎ ‎ 2. 词数100-120 (首句已给出，并不计入词数)。‎ 雾霾天气the hazy weather 口罩 mask ‎ Dear Editor,‎ Recently many places in China were blanketed with thick fog. ‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎ Yours,‎ ‎ Li Hua ‎ ‎ reducing the number of cars in the streets . Besides , some factories which cause pollution should be closed down . What’s more , we have to do more to raise people’s awareness of environmental protection .Only in this way can we expect to have more sunny days . zxx￥k Best regards,‎ ‎ Yours，‎ ‎ Li Hua ‎【写作指导】‎ 这是一篇提纲类书面表达，文章的要点也基本上都给出来了，而且很具体，考生要把要点解释清楚，不能有遗漏。除了表达这些要点以外，还要给出自己的建议，这就要求考生自己拓展发挥，在写作的过程中，要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型，如强调句，倒装句等，让文章更上档次。同时在列举措施的时候要使用合适的连接词如：First，second， Besides, What’s more等，让文章看起来很有条理，也很流畅。本篇文章在写作时不要啰嗦，力求简洁。‎ 倒装句。还有范文用了What’s worse, First, Second , Besides ,这样的关联词使文章更加连贯。‎ ‎（3）‎ 随着时代的发展，人们的阅读方式也在逐渐改变，越来越多的人喜欢使用手机或互联网来进行日常阅读。请根据下表所提示的信息，用英语写一篇短文发到你的博客上。‎ 电子阅读方式的优点 电子阅读方式的缺点 ‎1.方便快捷 ‎2.信息量大 ‎3.节省纸张 ‎1.不利于培养良好的阅读习惯 ‎2.不利于身体健康 ‎3.影响视力 你的看法……‎ 电子阅读: Ereading 注意：词数不少于120个。‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【范文】‎ Nowadays more people choose to read on their mobile phones or computers. Ereading has become a popular way of reading，especially among young people.‎ Ereading is much more convenient than traditional reading. You can read at any time or place if you like. Also，you can scan a lot of information on the Internet. More importantly，it can save paper，thus protecting our forest resources.‎ Despite the advantages of ereading，there are also some disadvantages. Firstly，ereading does not help to develop good reading habits. Because there is so much information，it is hard to do deep reading. Secondly，the radiation of electronic devices will do harm to our health. Thirdly，if you stare at screens for a long time，your eyesight will be damaged.‎ In my view，everything has its advantages and disadvantages. Whether these advantages outweigh the disadvantages depends on what you want to achieve.‎ 有条理，也很流畅。‎ ‎【亮点说明】范文要点明确，语言精炼，好的短语居多：at any time在任何时候，do harm to对…造成伤害， In my view在我看来，句式上长短句结合，运用比较好的句子有：Also，you can scan a lot of information on the Internet. More importantly，it can save paper，thus protecting our forest resources.这句话用了现在分词做结果状语， it is hard to do deep reading.这句话用了it做形式主语， Whether these advantages outweigh the disadvantages depends on what you want to achieve.这句话用了主语从句和宾语从句。还有范文还使用了Firstly，Secondly，Thirdly，这样的词使文章更加连贯。‎ ‎（4）‎ 随着生活水平的不断提高与医疗技术的不断进步，中国人口老龄化问题日益凸显。根据下表提示，请以“How to solve the problem of supporting the aged”为题，谈谈自己对解决人口老龄化问题的看法。‎ 1. 家人：照顾老人，多看望老人，理解老人；‎ 2. 社区：组织有利于老人身心健康的活动；‎ 3. 政府：建立完善的养老体系，投资兴建敬老院。‎ 注意：‎ ‎1. 字数为100字左右；‎ ‎ 2. 参考词汇：体系 system 敬老院 old folks’ home ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【范文】‎ How to solve the problem of supporting the aged?‎ As a result of the improvement in living standard and medical care, China is becoming an aging society.‎ To solve the problem, in my opinion, all the people should do their duties. Families should care for aging relations. They should spare time to see the aged. If possible, it is better so spend more time staying with them. The community should organize more activities, designed to the improvement in their physical and psychological health. The government should build a perfect system. More old folk’s homes should be built, where the aged can enjoy ‎ their life.‎ Luckily, more attention has been paid to the problem. Getting old won’t be such a depressing thing after all.‎ 要使用合适的连接词来连接各要点，使文章成为一个整体。‎ ‎【亮点说明】这篇文章涵盖了要点，简洁又不乏好的短语和句型： As a result of因为，由于，care for关心， after all To solve the problem, in my opinion, all the people should do their duties.这句话使用了不定式做目的状语和插入语， If possible, it is better so spend more time staying with them. 这句话用了省略句，The community should organize more activities, designed to the improvement in their physical and psychological health.这句话使用了过去分词做后置定语， More old folk’s homes should be built, where the aged can enjoy their life.这句话用了非限制性定语从句， Luckily, more attention has been paid to the problem. 这句话使用了pay attention to这个词组的被动语态。‎