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专题05 必修3Unit1-Unit2高频词汇分类解读-2019年高考英语备考艺体生百日突围系列(解析版)

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‎2019英语艺体生百题突破专题系列之英语 根据艺体生基础知识不牢固的特点,将基础知识以2--3个单元为一讲,突出常考单词的背诵和用法区别。由于单选题退出大部分省份的英语试卷,所以这部分重点强调学练结合。集中识记常考的完形填空词汇;常考的阅读中出现的词汇;常考的书面表达中的句型。完形词汇重在词语的详细意思和词汇辨析;阅读词汇重在记住词义即可,但数量要大;书面表达句型重在在句子中背诵,力争背过的句子在话题中有高频的出现几率。这样可以大面积、迅速地提高成绩。聚焦少而精的知识,直接对接高考。‎ 练习重在做到有的放矢,基础练习以单词拼写、单词填空或短文填空为主。‎ 能力提升一定要由浅入深,让他们有成就感,迅速进入状态。句型复习采用翻译句子+背诵范文的方法。‎ 词汇基础知识狂背:‎ I.常考的完形填空词汇及短语:(注意它们在完形中出现的几率极高,完形30分志在必得,现在开始狂背。)(1)词汇 ‎1.gain vt. & vi. 获得;赢得;(钟表)走快 n. 利益 ‎(1)He had gained weight and looked much better.他体重增加,脸色好看多了。 (2)He gained much profit from reading.他从读书中获益良多。 2. award vt. 颁奖,授予,判定 n. 奖,奖品 ‎(1)They awarded John the first prize.他们授予约翰一等奖。 (2)He won the award for his excellent skill.他由于他出色的技能而获奖。‎ ‎3. admire vt. 赞美;钦佩,羡慕 The school is widely admired for its excellent teaching.这所学校教学优秀,远近称誉。‎ ‎4. apologize v.道歉 Bill was apologizing to his friend for having kept her waiting for a long time. 比尔因让他的朋友等了好长时间正在道歉呢。‎ ‎5.remind v. 使想起;使记起;提醒 ‎ reminder n. 起提醒作用的人或物/remind sb. of sth./doing提醒某人(做)某事/remind sb. to do sth.提醒某人去做/remind sb. that...提醒某人……‎ The pictures remind me of my school days.这些照片使我想起学生时代。 6. forgive vt. 宽恕,原谅 ‎ forgive sb.for...原谅某人做了某事 ‎ I’ll never forgive you for what you said to me last night.我不会原谅你昨晚对我说的那些话。‎ ‎7.trick n. 计谋;诡计;欺诈 The girls were always playing tricks on their teacher.那些女孩子总是捉弄她们的老师。‎ ‎(2)短语 ‎1. in memory of 纪念 The museum was built in memory of the famous scientist.‎ 这个博物馆是为了纪念那位著名的科学家而建立的。‎ ‎2. dress up 盛装;打扮;装饰 dress sb./oneself 给……穿衣服;打扮/be/get dressed in+(衣服或表颜色的词) 穿着……/dress+adv.(或表目的、场合的介词短语) 穿着……‎ ‎3. look forward to 期望;期待;盼望 My mother said she was looking forward to meeting you.我妈妈说她正期待着与你见面。‎ ‎4.turn up 出现;到场;开大,调高,增加速度、音量、强度或流量 The book you have lost will turn up someday.你丢的那本书说不定哪一天又会找到。‎ ‎5.keep one’s word守信用;履行诺言 get in a word插话/嘴/have a word with sb.与某人谈话/have words with sb.与某人吵架/in a/one word简言之,总之/in other words(=that is to say)换句话说/leave word留言/the last word最后决定;最后意见/ word for word一字不差地;逐字地 ‎【注意】keep one’s word相当于keep one’s promise,反义短语是break one’s word/promise。注意两短语中的word不可数,无复数。‎ ‎6.set off出发;动身;使爆炸 If you want to catch that train we’d better set off for the station immediately. 你要是想赶上那班火车,咱们最好马上动身去火车站。‎ ‎7.in the shape of 呈现某种形状;以某种形式 Tom’s birthday cake was in the shape of a train.汤姆的生日蛋糕是火车形状。‎ ‎(3)易混易错点拨 ‎1.gain/acquire/earn/achieve ‎(1)gain 收获;获得。指获得有用或必需的东西。可以用于体重、力量的增加,奖学金的获得,更常用于经验、知识、教育、满足等的获得。‎ ‎(2)acquire 购得,得到(尤指昂贵的或难以得到的东西);获得,掌握(知识、技能等)。‎ ‎(3)earn 取得;赚得。通常指通过工作挣钱,也可以用于应该得到的东西,如支持、认同、声望或尊敬。‎ ‎(4)achieve 得到,获得。多指成就、目标、幸福的取得。 ‎ 在语境中体会运用 ‎(1)The movie star achieved success and wealth.‎ ‎(2)He earned a lot of praise from the public.‎ ‎(3)I'm new in the job but I'm already gaining experience.‎ ‎(4)I took on it as an opportunity to acquire fresh skills.‎ ‎2.dress/wear/put on/have on ‎(1)dress是动作动词,表示“给(人)穿衣/打扮”,后面的宾语是表示人的名词。常见的用法有dress sb./oneself, be dressed(in), dress well/quickly等。‎ ‎(2)wear是状态动词,表示“穿戴、佩戴(手表、首饰、花等),留(发型、胡须)等”;还可表示“面露、面带(某种表情、样子等)”,意义广泛。‎ ‎(3)put on是动作动词,表示“穿(衣)戴(帽)”,后面的宾语是表示衣服等的名词。‎ ‎(4)have on是状态动词短语,除了表示“穿着,戴着”之外,还可表示树木等“披着,挂着”,不用进行时态。‎ 在语境中体会运用 ‎(1)It’s autumn. But the trees still have leaves on.‎ ‎(2)She was dressed in her brother’s clothes.‎ ‎(3)She wore an angry expression.‎ ‎(4)He put on his coat and went out.‎ ‎3.take place/happen/occur/break out/come about ‎(1)take place 其“发生”是按意图或计划进行,无偶然性,无被动语态。‎ ‎(2)happen 普通用语,其“发生”带有意外和偶然性。另可作“碰巧”讲,用法是 happen to do sth.,无被动语态。‎ ‎(3)occur 较正式用语,指具体事物时可与 happen互换(但 happen to do不可换成 occur to do);另外 occur 有“突然想起”的意思,此时不可与 happen 互换,如 A good idea occurred to him.‎ ‎(4)break out (战争、火灾等)爆发;(疾病)突然发生。无被动语态。‎ ‎(5)come about “发生,产生”,指要解释或说明事情发生的理由,常与 how连用。‎ 在语境中体会运用 ‎(1)Our school sports meet will take place next Friday.‎ ‎(2)It never occurred to me that I had seen her before.‎ ‎(3)How did these differences come about?‎ ‎(4)There happened to be the book I was looking for.‎ ‎(5)SARS broke out all over China in the spring of 2003.‎ ‎(6)The Olympic Games take place every four years.‎ II.常考的阅读理解词汇及短语:(它们在阅读中出现的几率极高,阅读40分志在必得,现在开始狂背哟。)‎ 必修3‎ Unit 1‎ take place 发生 beauty n. 美;美人 harvest n. & vt. & vi. 收获;收割 celebration n. 庆祝;祝贺 hunter n. 狩猎者;猎人 starve vi. & vt. (使)饿死;饿得要死 origin n. 起源;由来;起因 religious adj. 宗教上的;信奉宗教的;虔诚的 ancestor n. 祖先;祖宗 in memory of 纪念;追念 feast n. 节日;盛宴 bone n. 骨;骨头 belief n. 信任;信心;信仰 dress up 盛装;打扮;装饰 trick n. 诡计;恶作剧;窍门 ‎ vt. 欺骗;诈骗 play a trick on 搞恶作剧;诈骗;开玩笑 poet n. 诗人 arrival n. 到来;到达;到达者 gain vt.获得;得到 independence n. 独立;自主 independent adj. 独立的;自主的 gather vt. & vi. & n. 搜集;集合;聚集 agriculture n. 农业;农艺;农学 agricultural adj. 农业的;农艺的 award n. 奖;奖品 ‎ vt. 授予;判定 rooster n. 雄禽;公鸡 ‎ admire vt.赞美;钦佩;羡慕 energetic adj.充满活力的;精力充沛的;积极的 look forward to 期望;期待;盼望 day and night 日夜;昼夜;整天 as though 好像 have fun with 玩得开心 custom 习惯;风俗 worldwide adj. 遍及全世界的;世界性的 fool n. 愚人;白痴;受骗者 vt. 干傻事;开玩笑 adj. 傻的 permission n. 许可;允许 parking n. (汽车等)停放 ‎ parking lot 停车场 turn up 出现;到场 keep one’s word 守信用;履行诺言 hold one’s breath 屏息;屏气 apologize vi. 道歉;辩白 drown vt. & vi. 淹没;溺死;淹死 sadness n. 悲哀,悲伤 obvious adj. 明显的;显而易见的 wipe vt. 擦;揩;擦去 weep vi. (wept, wept) 哭泣;流泪 ‎ n. 哭;哭泣 set off 出发;动身;使爆炸 remind vt. 提醒;使想起 ‎ remind … of … 使……想起……‎ forgive vt. (forgave, forgiven) 原谅;饶恕 Unit 2‎ Diet n. 日常饮食 vi. 节食 nut n. 坚果;果仁 bean n. 豆;豆科植物 pea n. 豌豆 cucumber n. 黄瓜 eggplant n. 茄子 pepper n. 辣椒;辣椒粉 mushroom n. 蘑菇 peach n. 桃子 loemn 柠檬 balance vt. 平衡;权衡 ‎ n. 天平;平衡 ‎ balanced diet 平衡膳食 mutton n. 羊肉 roast adj. 烤制的 ‎ vt. & vi. 烤;烘;烘烤 ‎ fry vt. & vi. 油煎;油炸 ‎ stir-fry vt. 用旺火炒(或煎、煸)‎ ought v. aux. 应当;应该 ought to 应当;应该 lose weight 体重减轻;减肥 slim vi. 变细;减肥 adj. 苗条的;纤细的 curiosity n. 好奇心 hostess n. 女主人;女主持人 raw adj. 生的;未加工的 vinegar n. 醋 get away with 被放过;(做坏事)不受惩罚 lie n. 谎话;谎言 ‎ vi. 说谎 ‎ tell a lie 说谎 customer n. 顾客;消费者 discount n. 折扣 win … back 赢回;重新获得 weakness n. 缺点;虚弱;弱点 strength n. 强项;长处;力量 consult vt. 咨询;请教;商量 fibre n. 纤维;纤维制品 digest vi. & vt. 消化 ‎ n. 摘要;概要 carrot n. 胡萝卜 earn one’s living 谋生 debt n. 债;债务 ‎ in debt 欠债 glare vi. 怒目而视;闪耀 ‎ n. 怒视;眩目的光 spy vi. & vt. 窥探;秘密监视 ‎ n. 间谍;侦探 spy on 暗中监视;侦查 limit vt. 限制;限定 ‎ n. 界限;限度 ‎ limited adj. 有限的 benefit n. 利益;好处 ‎ vt. & vi. 有益于;有助于;受益 breast n. 胸部;乳房 garlic n. 大蒜 sigh vi. 叹息;叹气 n. 叹息;叹息声 combine vt. & vi. (使)联合;‎ ‎ (使)结合 cut down 削减;删节 before long 不久以后 put on weight 增加体重 III.重点句型背诵 The clouds are gathering. It looks as if it is going to rain.乌云密布,天看起来像要下雨了。‎ She talks and talks as if she would never stop. 她说呀说呀,好像永远也说不完。‎ He talks as if a philosopher.他谈论起来就好像是一个哲学家似的。 You were meant to keep the children out of trouble.你有责任不让孩子们遇到麻烦。‎ You asked him to leave,and so he did.你要他离开,他这样做了。‎ He watered the flowers and so did I.他给花浇了水,我也浇了。‎ 能力提升——测一测 I.单词拼写 ‎1.The lazy bird had nothing in store for the winter, so he had to s_________.‎ ‎2.It's believed that humans' a______________ is a kind of monkey.‎ ‎3.Li Bai, Du Fu were both well-known Chinese p______.‎ ‎4.On his a__________, he got down to working hard.‎ ‎5.When we go to a different country, we should follow its c____________.‎ starve ancestor poets arrival custom ‎ ‎6.We need warm _____________ (衣服) for the winter.‎ ‎7.The boy had been ___________ (淹) to death before the adults came to save him.‎ ‎8.She entered the lab without _______________ (许可).‎ ‎9.Do you know when India gained ‎ its __________________ (独立) from Britain?‎ ‎10.He got a lot of ________(奖状) for his excellent study.‎ clothing drowned permission independence awards ‎11.If you have a good d____________, you may always feel fit and healthy.‎ ‎12.Sorry, this box is too heavy. I don't have the s________ to lift it.‎ ‎13.Out of c_____________, I asked an impolite question, “May I know your age?”‎ ‎14.When c____________ go into a shop, they naturally look to their left but move clockwise, towards the right.‎ digestion strength curiosity customers ‎15.C________________ the eggs with a little flour and heat the mixture gently.‎ ‎16.In some countries, people eat too much fat and sugar; they should eat a _________ (均衡的) diet to keep healthy.‎ ‎17.Taking exercise is of great _______ (利益) to our health.‎ ‎18.If I pay all my ______ (债), I'll have no money left.‎ ‎19.He is not ______ (苗条的) enough to wear these tight trousers.‎ ‎20.Who gave you ____________ (允许) to leave the office so early?‎ Combine balanced benefit debts slim permission II.短语填空 ‎(1)He used to _______________ trees, but he plants trees now.他过去砍树,而现在植树。‎ ‎(2)Being __________________________ makes Tom a light mood.还清了债务使得汤姆心情轻松。‎ ‎(3)How can I _________________________________ the flies in the kitchen?我怎样才能把厨房里的苍蝇消灭掉?‎ ‎(4)Some films _________ education ______ recreation.有些电影把教育与娱乐结合起来。‎ ‎(5)I __________ much ______ my father's advice.‎ 我从父亲的建议中获益颇多。‎ ‎1.cut down 2.out of debt 3.get rid of 4.combine with 5.benefited from III.语法填空 ‎1. The company was named Gates Hall in memory ________ a man named James Gates.‎ ‎2. If appearance did not count, why would people dress ________ for such interviews — even if the job they are ‎ hoping to get is dressed down?‎ ‎3. The 2012 Nobel Prize for Literature ________(award) to Mo Yan.‎ ‎4. My grandfather is as ________(energy) as a young man and hates sitting around doing nothing all day.‎ ‎5. Sir, you are not allowed to enter the building if you do not get our manager’s ________(permit).‎ ‎6. I will not wait for him for a second — he may have something else to do, so he could not turn ________ here.‎ ‎7. The North Korea’s conducting an underground nuclear explosion set ________ an international argument.‎ ‎8. There was a lot of fun at yesterday’s party. You ought ________(come), but why didn’t you?‎ ‎9. The teacher wants his students to know more about modern science and tries hard to develop a ________(curious) about nature among his students.‎ ‎10. To make members of a team perform better, the trainer first of all has to know their ________(strong) and weaknesses.‎ ‎11. I am heavily ________ debt at the moment, but I hope to be out of it when I get paid.‎ ‎12. Knowledge and learning are important if we want to be successful, but they may also ________(limited) our thinking.‎ ‎13. According to the Nobel Prize organization, Mo Yan’s work displays a mixture of fantasy and reality, ________(combine) historical and social aspects.‎ ‎14. Many people have come to realize that they should go on ________ balanced diet and make room in their day for exercise.‎ ‎15. The chairman, together with the older leaders, stood on the Tian’anmen Tower, ________(watch) the parades marching along the Chang’an Avenue.‎ ‎【答案】1. of 2. up 3. was awarded 4. energetic 5. permission 6. up 7. off8. to have come 9. curiosity 10. strengths 11. in 12. limit ‎13. combining 14. a 15. watching IV.完成句子 ‎1. It is amazing that great changes ________ ________ ________(发生)in the rural areas in the last two decades.‎ ‎2. The best way is ________ ________ ________ ________(屏住呼吸) and pretend to be dead when you come across a bear in the forest.‎ ‎3. He came to me ________ ________ ________ ________(相信) I could help him and be relied on.‎ ‎4. He pretended to be ill and skipped school, but he didn’t ________ ________ ________ ________(逃脱惩罚).‎ ‎5. ________ ________ ________ ________(你我都不) am so energetic as to stay up all night watching movies.‎ ‎【答案】1. have taken place 2. to hold your breath 3. in the belief that4. get away with it ‎5. Neither you nor I V.句型填空 ‎1.She talks and talks as if___________________.她说呀说呀,好像永远也说不完。‎ 答案she would never stop ‎2.It looks ________ the sky was/were falling down.天看起来好像要塌下来似的。‎ 答案as if ‎3.I __________ hurt your feelings.我没打算伤害你的感情。‎ 答案didn’t mean to IV.范文背诵(翻译汉语句子并背诵全文)‎ A healthy diet and regular exercise may help to prevent obesity(肥胖) among children. Take Li Ming for example. Li Ming used to be a healthy boy. But over a year ago, he got into the habit of eating a lot of junk food and snacks. Besides, he spent a lot of time lying on the sofa, watching TV, and did little exercise.(结果,他增重了许多以至于他发现爬楼梯都困难)________________________________________________________.‎ ‎ So Li Ming decided to change the unhealthy lifestyle.(除了平衡健康的饮食外,他积极参加像游泳、滑冰、跑步和打篮球这样的体育活动)‎ ‎___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Months later, Li Ming became as fit as before.‎