考点13+特殊句式（强调倒装祈使句感叹句等）-备战2019年浙江新高考英语考点一遍过 32页

‎【命题趋势】‎ 近几年来，特殊句式已经成为高考英语考查的热点。特俗句式主要包括：倒装、强调、省略、祈使句、感叹句和反意疑问句。考纲对特殊句式的考查主要涉及以下内容：（1）各种完全倒装和部分倒装的表达方式；（2）强调句型以及其他表示强调的表达方法；（3）祈使句、省略句、感叹句、反意疑问句等内容。随着英语交际功能的不断深化，在今后高考中，强调句、倒装句、反意疑问句和省略仍将是本部分考查点的重中之重。知识点的交叉考查也是今后高考命题的趋势。‎ 考向一 强调句 ‎ 强调句知识结构：‎ 强调句型 注意点 例 句 It is (was) +‎ 被强调部分+that(who)…‎ 为了强调句子的某一成分（通常是主语、宾语或状语），常用强调结构：It is (was) +被强调部分+that(who)…；‎ 表示强调的it在这种结构的句子中作主句的主语，it本身没有词义。‎ 一般讲，原句的谓语动词如果是现在或将来各种时态，用It is…that (who)…；如果原句谓语动词是过去各种时态，则用It was… that(who)…。‎ 原句：Last night I saw a film in the Youth‎ ‎Palace.‎ 强调主语：It was I that (or: who) saw a film in the Youth‎ ‎Palace last night.‎ 强调宾语：It was a film that I saw in the Youth‎ ‎Palace last night.‎ 强调地点状语：It was in the Youth‎ ‎Palace that I saw a film last night.‎ 强调时间状语：It was last night that I saw a film in the Youth‎ ‎Palace. ‎ 谓语动词的强调 It is/ was … that …结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，要用助动词do/does或did。‎ 注意：‎ ‎①do用于对肯定的祈使句的强调以及对实义动词一般现在时肯定句（除主语是第三人称单数）的强调；‎ ‎②does用于对实义动词一般现在时肯定句主语是第三人称单数的强调；‎ ‎③did用于对实义动词一般过去时肯定句的强调。‎ ‎①Do be careful when you cross the street.‎ 过马路时，务必（千万）要小心啊！‎ They do work hard at maths.‎ 他们对数学的学习确实很努力。‎ ‎②He does send an email to me every day.‎ 他确实每天都给我发电子邮件。‎ ‎③He did do his homework yesterday.‎ 昨天他确实做了家庭作业。‎ It is (was) +被强调部分+that(who)…句型的变式 It is (was) +‎ 被强调部分+that(who)…‎ 句式基本特征：‎ Is/ Was it +被强调部分+ that…；‎ 或情态动词+ it + be + 被强调部分 + that…‎ ‎①Was it in 1969 ________ the American astronauts succeeded _______ landing on the moon ?‎ A. when; on B. that; on C. when; in D. that; in ‎②Could it be in the restaurant in _______ you had dinner with me yesterday _______ you lost your handbag?‎ A. that; which B. which; that ‎ C. where; that D. that; where 特殊疑问句形式 句式基本特征：特殊疑问词+is/was it that…？或特殊疑问词 + 情态动词 + it + be + 被强调部分 + ‎ ‎—_______is it _______ has made Peter _______he is today?‎ ‎—Determination.‎ A. What; that; that B. Tha ‎ that…‎ t; that; what ‎ C. What; what; that D. What; that; what 反意疑问句形式 句式基本特征：It is/was+被强调部分+that…，isn’t / wasn’t it？‎ It was Alice and her boyfriend who sent the old man to the hospital, _______?‎ A. do they B. didn’t they C. wasn’t it D. was it 强调句与其它句型的结合 与名词从句的结合句式特征为：整个强调句型用作名词性从句或者在强调句型中含有名词性从句。‎ ‎①I’ve already forgotten _________you put the dictionary.‎ A. that it was there B. where was it that ‎ C. that where it was D. where it was that ‎【解析】D。本题是经过变形的强调句型用作宾语从句的体现，为了更好地理解，我们分三步对其进行讨论。‎ 第一步：复原→It was on the desk that I put the dictionary.‎ 第二步：对划线部分提问→Where was it that you put the dictionary?‎ 第三步：变为陈述语序，将其用作forgotten的宾语从句则变为：I’ve already forgotten where it was that you put the dictionary.‎ ‎②It was at the very beginning ____Mr. Fox made the decision _____ we should send more firefighters there.‎ A. when; which B. where; what ‎ C. then; so D. that; that ‎【解析】D。 第一个that为强调句型中的that；第二个that引导同位语从句，说明the decision的内容。‎ 与定语从句的结合句式特征为：在强调句型的被强调部分或其他部分中找出一个先行词，附上修饰该部分的定语从句。‎ ‎①It was in the small house _____was built with stones by his father ____he spent his childhood. ‎ A. which; that B. that; where ‎ C. which; which D. that; which ‎【解析】A。本题含义为＂是在这间小房子里他度过了童年＂，the small house作先行词，其后的定语从句缺做主语的关系代词；第二空所缺的应是强调句型中的结构词that，故答案选A。‎ ‎②Is _______three hours ______the boy _______family is poor to come to school on foot?‎ A. it; that; whose B. it; that it takes; whose ‎ C. it for; that it takes; whose D. it; when; that;‎ ‎【解析】B。本题结构复杂，是定语从句、强调句型的一般问句形式和句式It takes sb. some time to do sth.的糅合。我们也分几步来看这个句子：‎ 第一步：基本句式It takes the boy three hours to come to school on foot.‎ 第二步：以the boy为先行词，后面附上定语从句，则变为：‎ It takes the boy whose family is poor three hours to come to school on foot.‎ 第三步：用强调句型对上句中的划线部分进行强调，则变为：It is three hours that it takes the boy whose family is poor to come to school on foot.‎ 第四步：将上句变为一般疑问句可知答案。‎ 强调句型的省略形式 句式特征为：在一定的上下文中，强调句型的that(who)及其后面的部分可以省略。作题时要特别注意将其复原并加以比较。‎ ‎①—Who is making so much noise in the garden?‎ ‎—________ the children.‎ A. It is B. They are C. That is D. There are ‎【解析】答案为A。强调句型在具体的语境中的省略，其完整形式应是：It is the children who are making so much noise in the garden.。‎ ‎②—He was nearly drowned once. ‎ ‎—When was that?‎ ‎—_______ was in 1998 he was in middle school. ‎ A. That; that B. it; when C. This; that D. It; that ‎【解析】B。强调句的一种省略，完整形式是：It was in 1998 when he was in middle school that he was nearly drowned.‎ 强调句型的构成是：It is (was) + 被强调部分+ that (who) + 句子的其他成分。被强调的部分放在 It is (was) 之后，其它部分置于that之后。被强调部分可以是主语，宾语，表语或状语。强调的主语如果是人，可以由who代替that。‎ ‎1. 被强调的成分举例：‎ ‎　　原句：Tom found my pen in the classroom yesterday.‎ ‎　　强调主语：It was Tom who / that found my pen in the classroom yesterday.‎ ‎　　强调宾语：It was my pen that Tom found in the classroom yesterday.‎ ‎　　强调地点状语：It was in the classroom that Tom found my pen yesterday.‎ ‎　　强调时间状语：It was yesterday that Tom found my pen in the classroom.‎ ‎2. 强调句型的一般疑问式：‎ ‎　　直接把is或was提到it之前即可。如：‎ ‎　　Was it Tom that found your pen in the classroom yesterday?‎ ‎3. 强调句型的特殊疑问式：‎ ‎　　特殊疑问词+ is (was) it + that +句子的其他成分。特殊疑问词即是被强调的成分。如：‎ ‎　　Who was it that found your pen in the classroom yesterday?‎ ‎4. that (who) 有时可以省略：‎ ‎　　这种强调句型中的that或who有时可以省略。如：‎ ‎　　It was my brother (that / whom) you saw the other day.‎ ‎5. 强调原因状语从句要注意：‎ ‎　　若从句由as或since引导，强调时则改为because，这是因为，because引导的原因从句表示的意义非常强烈，符合强调句的目的。例如：‎ ‎　　As she got up late, she missed the first bus. 变为：‎ ‎　　It was because she got up late that she missed the bus.‎ ‎　　6. 强调句的否定转移：‎ ‎　　有些否定句在变成强调句时，要把否定转移到被强调的词语之前。尤其是not until;句式的强调要特别注意。例如：‎ ‎　　He didn’t realize his mistake until the teacher had told him. 变为：‎ ‎　　It wasn’t until the teacher had told him that he realized his mistake.‎ ‎　　【注意】 在强调句式中，虽然not被提前，但not until句型不要倒装。‎ ‎　高考中强调句型考查热点 强调句型的基本结构 ‎　　强调句型It is / was + 被强调的成份 + that +‎ ‎ 其他成份；用来强调主语、宾语和状语等成份。that只起连接作用，不作成份，但不能省略。有时强调的部分比较特殊，如主语从句、状语从句、名词、不定式短语、V-ing的复合结构等。如：‎ It was in the library that I saw her yesterday. 我昨天正是在图书馆见到她的。‎ ‎1.(2018·天津卷·单项填空)It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house ___________we saw Lily in the passenger seat.‎ A. which B. that C. when D. where ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查强调句。句意：只有当汽车在我们房子前停下来我们才看到在乘客位置的莉莉。这里考查强调句，强调句型结构为：It is/ was + 被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+ that/ who(当强调主语且主语指人)+ 其他部分。本题强调时间状语only when the car pulled up in front of our house。故选B。‎ ‎2.(2016·天津卷·单项填空)You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel __________ the coach picks up tourists.‎ ‎ A. who B. which C. where D. that ‎【答案】D ‎3. It was the culture, rather than the language, _________made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad A. where B. why C. that D. what ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】这个句子中含有it was，首先要考虑所给题目是不是一个强调句。把It was和横线去掉，发现句意仍然完整清楚，所以说这里就是一个强调句。强调句的基本结构是it is / was + 被强调部分 + that + 句子的其他成分，所以用that，所以选C。句意：是文化，而不是语言，使得他很难适应国外的新的环境。‎ 特殊句式中的强调句型 ‎1. 如果强调的是特殊疑问句中的疑问词，表示到底、究竟等语气时，就用如下结构：‎ ‎　　特殊疑问词 + is / was + it + that + 该句的其余部分。如：‎ ‎　　How is it that you usually go to work? 你通常是怎样去上班的?‎ ‎2. 在强调not until结构中由until所引导的短语(或从句)作时间状语时，要用固定的强调句型：It + is / was + not until + that + 该句的其余部分，that所引导的从句中的谓语动词用肯定式。如：‎ His father didn’t come back from work until 12o’clock. = It was not until 12 o’clock that his father came home form work.‎ ‎ 直到12点他的爸爸才下班回家。‎ ‎1. Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century ____________ his musical gift was fully recognized.‎ A. while B. though C. that D. after ‎ ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】句意：马赫死于1750年，但直到19世纪他的音乐天赋才被承认。强调句与not until 连用。It be not until that … 故选C项。‎ ‎2. Was it because Jack came late for school ____________ Mr. Smith got angry?‎ A. why                         B. who                  C. where               D. that ‎【答案】D 强调句型与时间状语从句、定语从句的判断 ‎　　强调句型要注意和it代表时间、距离、温度、自然现象、具体事物或人物等时所构成的各种句型的区别。试比较：‎ ‎　　It was on March 1 that I had my hair cut. (强调句)‎ ‎　　It was March 1 when I had my hair cut. (后面是定语从句)‎ ‎　　判断是否是强调句，可采用还原法。如果还原为一般句式后，句子各种成份完整，则是强调句。否则不是。如第一句可还原成：I had my hair cut on March 1. ‎ 考向二 倒装句 ‎ 全部倒装 把谓语全部提到主语前面，叫全部倒装。主要有：‎ ‎1.there be 句型： 可以用在这类句型中的动词除be外，还可用 live，happen，exist，remain，stand等等作这类句型的谓语。如：‎ There are many students in the classroom. 教室里有许多学生。 Long, long ago there lived a king who loved horses very much. 很久很久以前，有一位国王，他非常喜欢马。 There happened to be nobody in the bedroom when the fire broke out. 起火的时候，碰巧房间里面没有人。‎ John opened the door. There _________ he had never seen before. ‎ A. a girl did stand B. a girl stood ‎ C. did a girl stand D. stood a girl ‎【答案】D ‎2.Here/There/Now＋vi.（常为come, go）＋主语（必须是名词） 此句型中here/there用来唤起注意意思是＂喂，注意了＂。如： Here comes Mary. → I can see Mary coming. 玛丽来了。 There goes the bell. 铃响了。→I can hear the bell ringing. Here comes the bus. 汽车来了。 There he comes. 他来了。 这种句型不能用现在进行时。 here句中也可用系动词。如： Here are some story books I want. →Here is what you asked for, or you are looking for. 这就是我要的故事书。（我找了好久） Here we are. This is the station.咱们到了，这就是火车站。 ‎＂Give me some paper.＂ ＂Here you are.＂＂给我点纸。＂ ＂给你。＂‎ ‎3.then引起谓语为 come，follow的句子。如： Then came a new difficulty. 然后产生了一个新的困难。 Then followed eight years of the Anti-Japanese War. 接着是八年抗战。‎ ‎4.out，in，up, down，away之类的副词作状语放在句首，主语比较长，也就是说主语不能是很短的人称代词，谓语为不及物动词come， go，run，rush，etc。句式为：副词＋ vi.＋主语（必须是名词）。如：‎ Out rushed the tiger from among the bushes. 老虎从灌木丛里冲了出来。 In came the rose fragrance through the windows. 玫瑰花香透过窗户飘了进来。‎ ‎5.介词短语作状语放在句首，谓语为不及物动词，主语比较长，也就是说主语不能是很短的人称代词。句式为：介词短语＋vi.＋主语（必须是名词）。如： In the middle of our school stands a high building.在学校中央有一座高楼。‎ At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River ________, one of the ten largest cities in China.‎ A. lies Chongqing B. Chongqing lies ‎ C. does lie Chongqing D. does Chongqing lie ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查倒装。表示方位的地点状语提前，句子完全倒装，所以选A项。‎ ‎6.表语放在句首，表语常为形容词、分词、副词、介词短语。要求主语比较长，也就是说主语不能是很短的人称代词。句式为：表语＋系动词＋主语（必须是名词）。 Gone are the days when the teachers were looked down upon. 老师地位低下的年代一去不复返了。‎ On the both sides of the street are beautiful flowers.街道两旁有美丽的花。 South of city are two big lakes.城市的两边有两个大湖。‎ ‎7.直接引语中间或后面，表示某人说这意思的插入语（特别是谓语较短时）。 ‎＂They must be in the fields now,＂ thought Xiao Lin.＂他们准是下地了。＂小林想道。 ‎＂Help! Help!＂ cried the little girl.小姑娘叫道：＂救命！救命！＂ 如果主语不比谓语长，或是它后面有宾语，主语就仍然多放在前面。 ‎＂Take your seats，gentlemen,＂ Wilson shouted.威尔逊嚷道：＂先生们坐好。＂ 部分倒装 只把助动词/系动词/情态动词提到主语前面，叫部分倒装。主要有：‎ ‎1.＂only＋副词/ 介词短语/ 状语从句＂开头的句子。如： Only then did I realize the importance of English. 直到那时我才意识到英语的重要性。‎ Only in this way can you make progress in your English. 只有通过这种方式你学英语才会取得进步。 注意： ‎１）在only＋状语从句＋主句结构中，主句用倒装结构但从句用正常语序。 ‎２）only修饰主语，不倒装。 Only after talking to two students ________ that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.‎ A. I did discover B. did I discover C. I discovered D. discovered ‎【答案】B 特别提示：‎ 副词only置于句首， 强调方式状语、 条件状语、 地点状语、 时间状语等状语时， 主句要进行部分倒装。 但若位于句首的不是only+状语，而是only+宾语等，通常则无需倒装。‎ ‎►Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.在被邀请了三次之后，他才出席会议。‎ ‎►Only in this way can you master English.只有用这种方式你才能掌握英语。 ‎ ‎►Only when he returned did we find out the truth.只有当他返回时，我们才能发现真相。‎ ‎2. 否定词（短语）开头的句子要用部分倒装。 表示否定的副词never，nor，neither，表示半否定意义的副词hardly，few，seldom，little，含有no和not的词组by no means（决不），in no time（很快），at no time（在任何时候都不），（在任何情况下都不）not until，not onlybut also，no soonerthan＝hardlywhen/scarcely 即＂否定词＋助动词/情态动词＋主语＋其他＂。如： Never have I been in this city. 我从没到过这座城市。 Little/Seldom do I watch TV. 我很少看电视。 Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted. 直到我参加了工作我才意识到我浪费了多少时间。 注意：‎ ‎1)关联词的搭配。 ‎2)前一分句倒装，后一分句不倒装。‎ ‎1.（2016·江苏卷）Not until recently ________ the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.‎ A. they had encouraged B. had they encouraged C. did they encourage D. they encouraged ‎【答案】C ‎2. I’ve tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means _________ with my progress. A. the teacher is not satisfied B. is the teacher not satisfied C. the teacher is satisfied D. is the teacher satisfied ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】by no means意为 ＂绝不＂，放在句首时，句子要用部分倒装语序。因此D项正确。B项多了not一词。‎ ‎3. 以so开头，用 ＂so＋助动词/情态动词/系动词＋主语＂表示前面叙述的情况也适合于另一个人或物，意为＂也，同样，也如此＂。表示前面叙述的否定情况也适合于另一个人或物，用＂neither/nor＋助动词/情态动词/系动词＋主语＂。‎ Society has changed and so have the people in it. 社会变了，人也变了。‎ 注意：‎ ‎1)当so表示对前句内容的肯定、符合，或进一步强调前面所说的情况，或者赞同前面的说法时，应用自然语序。意为 ＂的确，正是＂。‎ ‎—Tom works hard. 汤姆工作很卖力。‎ ‎—So he does and so do you. 的确如此，你也是。‎ ‎2）倒装部分的助动词、情态动词、连系动词的时态和形式要与前句相一致。‎ If you don’t go, neither/nor shall I.（If you don’t go, I shall not go.）你不去，我也不去。‎ 注意：表示前面的多种情况也适合于另一人或物，或者既有肯定又有否定情况或涉及到不同类型的动词时可用：It is the same with sth./sb.或 So it is with sth./sb.句型。 She does well in English, but is poor in maths. So it is with Lucy.‎ 她英语学得好，但数学学得差，露茜也是如此。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎—Why, this is nothing but common vegetable soup!‎ ‎—________, madam. It’s our soup of the day.‎ A. Let me see B. So it is C. Don’t mention it D. Neither do I ‎【答案】B ‎4.由as引导让步状语从句要用部分倒装或前置。句式为：表语/状语/动词原形＋as＋主语＋其他。如：‎ Clever as he is，he doesn’t study well.‎ 虽然他很聪明，但他学习不好。 Child as he is， he knows a lot.‎ 虽然他是个孩子，但他懂得不少事情。 Much as I like it，I won’t buy it.‎ 虽然我非常喜欢它，但我不买。 Try as she might， she failed.‎ 虽然她试过了，但还是失败了。 注意：表语前的名词无形容词修饰时冠词要省略 ‎________, his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting. A. Strange as might it sound B. As it might sound strange C. As strange it might sound D. Strange as it might sound ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】as引导让步状语从句时，从句要用倒装语序, 其结构为：adj. /adv. /n.+ as + 主语 + 句子其他部分，因此D项正确。‎ ‎5. 在sothat从句中，如果so＋adj./adv.放在句首，其主句要倒装。 So loudly did he speak that everyone could hear him.‎ 他讲话声音足够大，以至于每个人都能听得见。‎ ‎________ about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research.‎ ‎ A. So curious the couple was B. So curious were the couple C. How curious the couple were D. The couple was such curious ‎【答案】B ‎6. 如果虚拟条件句的谓语含有were，should ，were可以把if 省略而将这三个词放于条件句主语前构成倒装。 If it hadn’t been for their help, we couldn’t have finished the work on time. ‎＝Hadn’t it been for their help, we couldn’t have finished the work on time. 要不是由于他们的帮助，我们不可能按时完成那项工作。 If there should be a flood, what would we do?‎ ‎＝Should there be a flood, what would we do?‎ 要是发了洪水，我们该怎么办呢？‎ ‎________ the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.‎ A. Did he catch B. should be catch ‎ C. has he caught D. Had he caught ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】句意：如果他赶上了早班火车，开会就不会迟到了。主句的谓语动词是would not have been，说明此句表述的事情与过去事实相反，从句可以用if he had caught the morning train；当if从句中有were, had或者should 时，可以省略if，把were, had或者should放在句首构成倒装结构。本句中含有had，就变成了Had he caught the morning train。故选D。‎ ‎7. 频度副词及短语often, always, now and then, many a time, every other day等放在句首时有时也倒装。‎ Many a time has he come to comfort me.他来安慰了我好多次。 Often did he warn them not to do so.他经常告诫他们不要那样去做。‎ ‎8. 某些表示祝愿句子也用倒装语序。 May you succeed. 祝你成功！‎ Long live the Communist Party of China!中国共产党万岁！ 方法技巧点拨 ‎1. 考前应认真研读高考题目，了解命题人的意图，对高考方向有所把握。‎ ‎2. 倒装句在句式上考生不是很习惯，故考生得从多方面入手，熟悉各种倒装句式，以不变应万变。‎ ‎3. 要注意倒装句中的主谓一致、时态一致及人称一致等问题。‎ ‎4. 加强理解分析能力，切忌机械记忆，注意知识间的交叉，分清句子成分。‎ ‎5. 在平时的学习中尽最大努力运用所学知识，达到熟能生巧的目的。‎ 考向三 祈使句 ‎ 一、祈使句的句式特征 祈使句常常是表达说话人对对方的劝告、叮嘱、请求或命令等。因此，祈使句中一般没有主语，但根据其句意，实际上是省略了主语you。祈使句句末用感叹号或句号，朗读时，常用降调。在表达请求或劝告时，在祈使句前或句末可加上please，以使句子的语气更加缓和或客气。祈使句一般没有时态的变化，也不能与情态动词连用。‎ Keep off the grass! 勿踩踏草地！‎ Put the boxes in the small room. 把那些盒子放到那个小房间里。‎ 二、祈使句的肯定句式 祈使句的肯定句式一般分为以下三种类型：‎ ‎1. 行为动词原形+其他成分。‎ Make sentences after the model. 根据例句造句。‎ ‎2. Be动词+其他成分（形容词、名词或介词短语等）。‎ Be careful when crossing the street. 过马路时要小心。‎ ‎3. Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其他成分。‎ Let him go back now. 让他现在回去吧。‎ ‎1. (2018·北京卷·单项填空) In any unsafe situation, simply _________ the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need.‎ A. press B. to press C. pressing D. pressed ‎【答案】A ‎2. Always _________ in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.‎ A. to keep B. to have kept C. keep D. have kept ‎【参考答案】C 　‎ ‎【答案解析】考查祈使句。这是一个完整的句子，而that引导的是宾语从句，因此只能是祈使句。故选C。句意：永远记住，你的主要任务就是让这个公司平稳运行。‎ ‎【名师点睛】祈使句表请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告等。祈使句分为第二人称祈使句及第—、三人称祈使句两大类。祈使句用于两个重要句型中：①＂祈使句+and+表结果的陈述句＂用来叙述肯定的条件；②＂祈使句+or(else)+表结果的陈述句＂用来叙述否定的条件，or(else)表示＂否则＂；句首以动词原形开头。从本题的成分来判断，可以看出是考查祈使句。‎ 三、祈使句的否定句式 祈使句的否定句式，通常情况下在句首加上Don’t或Never，一般分为以下四种类型：‎ ‎1. 在祈使句的肯定句式前加Don’t，构成＂Don’t+行为动词原形+其他成分＂。‎ Don’t say that again! 别再那样说了！‎ ‎2. 在Be动词引起的肯定祈使句前加Don’t，构成＂Don’t be+其他成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)＂。‎ Don’t be careless. 不要粗心。‎ 注意：在这种句型中be不能省略；否定副词not不可置于be之后。‎ ‎3. Let引起的祈使句的否定形式有两种：(1)Let开头的祈使句，如果后面跟第一、第三人称名词或代词的宾格，可在Let前加Don’t，也可在Let后宾格的名词或代词后面加not。(2)如果以Let’s开头的祈使句，必须在Let’s后加not。‎ Don’t let me go with her tomorrow. =Let me not go with her tomorrow. 不要让我明天跟她一起去。‎ Let’s not tell her the truth whenever we meet her. 无论什么时候我们碰到她，都不要告诉她真相。‎ ‎4. 在公共场合的提示语中，否定祈使句常用＂No+名词/V-ing形式＂结构，表示＂禁止做某事＂。‎ NO PHOTOS! 禁止拍照!‎ 四、祈使句的反意问句 祈使句的反意疑问句须按其句子结构及讲话人的语气来决定其疑问部分。通常有以下三种形式：‎ ‎1. 祈使句为肯定句式，其反意疑问句表示请求时，通常用will you；表示邀请、劝说时，用won’t you。‎ Be sure to write to us, will you? 你一定要给我们写信，好吗？‎ Come to have dinner with us this evening, won’t you? 今晚来和我们一起吃饭，好吗？‎ ‎2. 祈使句为否定句式，其反意疑问句通常只用will you。 ‎ Don’t smoke in the meeting room, will you? 不要在会议室抽烟，好吗？‎ ‎3. Let开头的祈使句构成反意疑问句时，除Let’s用shall we外，其他均用will you。‎ Let the boy go first, will you? 让个那男孩先走，好吗？‎ Let’s take a walk after supper, shall we? 晚饭后我们去散步，好吗？‎ ‎1. We forgot to bring our tickets, but please let us enter, _________?‎ A.do you B. can we C. will you D. shall we I’m sure you’d rather she went to school by bus, __________?‎ A. hadn’t you B. wouldn’t you C. aren’t I D. didn’t she ‎【参考答案】B ‎ ‎【答案解析】在反意疑问句中，如果主句的谓语动词是think, suppose, believe, imagine, be sure等，且主语为第一人称，简略问句仅有肯定或否定是与主句相对应，而主语和时态要与宾语从句一致。‎ 五、祈使句的回答 祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作，所以回答祈使句时，一般用will或won’t。在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时，要注意两点：一是＂形式一致＂，即Yes与will保持一致；No与won’t保持一致。二是＂意思相反＂，即Yes是＂不＂的意思；No是＂是＂的意思。在回答时，要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件。‎ ‎—Don’t go out, please. It’s raining heavily outside. 请不要出去。外面雨下得很大。‎ ‎—Yes, I will. I have to meet my brother at the airport.‎ ‎ 不行，我得去机场接我弟弟。‎ 六、祈使句与陈述句的并列使用 祈使句后接陈述句时，须用连接词连接。如果祈使句与陈述句表示的是一种顺承关系时，要用并列连词and来连接；如果祈使句与陈述句存在一种否定条件关系时，要用并列连词or来连接。‎ Leave it with me and I will see what I can do. 把它留给我吧，我想想有没有办法。‎ Hurry up, or we’ll be late. 快点，否则我们要迟到了。‎ 七、祈使句与条件状语从句的连用 祈使句与条件状语从句连用时，条件状语从句可置于祈使句前或后。‎ Tell him to make a phone call to me if he comes here tomorrow. 如果他明天来这儿的话，叫他给我来个电话。‎ 八、祈使句的强调形式 祈使句的强调形式通常在肯定祈使句式前加上助动词Do(Do在句中无意义)。‎ Do shut up! 快住口！‎ 九、特殊形式的祈使句 在英语中，有些祈使句不是以动词原形来引起一个祈使句，而是以一个名词短语来充当，且后接一个带有并列连接词的分句。实际上，这个充当祈使句的名词短语相当于一个条件状语从句。‎ More water and the young trees couldn’t have died. =If you had given them more water, the young trees couldn’t have died. 如果你给那些小树多浇点水的话，它们就不会死了。‎ ‎__________ and I’ll get the work finished. A. Have one more hour B. One more hour C. Given one more hour D. If I have one more hour ‎【参考答案】B ‎ ‎【答案解析】本题考查 ＂祈使句+and+简单句＂的用法, 其中祈使句可转换成名词短语, 如One more word and I’ll beat you flat.因此B项正确。如果选C、D两项, 要去掉and。‎ 十、运用祈使句的误区 祈使句往往容易与不定式、分词或条件状语从句相混淆。在平时的练习或测试中，如果稍不留神，就会出错。因此，要认真审题，认真分析句子结构，并根据上下文语境，作出正确判断。‎ ‎ _______________ your composition carefully, some spelling mistakes can be avoided.‎ ‎　A. Having checked B. Check C. If you check D. To check ‎【参考答案】C 考向四 感叹句 ‎ ‎ 感叹句表示说话时的惊讶、喜悦、赞赏和愤怒等情绪。大多数感叹句是由what和how引导，其句型结构为＂What(或How)+感叹部分+主语+谓语!＂。也有少量其他形式的感叹句，现一并归纳如下：‎ ‎　　(1)What 引导的感叹句 ‎　　What 用做定语，修饰名词，其引导的感叹句句型结构为：‎ ‎　　①What+a(an)+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!如：What an orphan he is!他是个多么可怜的孤儿啊!‎ ‎　　②What+a (an)+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!如：What a beautiful voice she has!她的声音多美啊!‎ ‎　　③What+形容词+可数名词复数+主语+谓语!如：What kind doctors they are!他们是多好的医生啊!‎ ‎　　④What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语!如：What good news it is!‎ ‎　　(2)How引起的感叹句 ‎　　How用作状语，修饰形容词、副词和动词，其引导的感叹句句型结构为：‎ ‎　　①How+形容词+主语+谓语! How clever you are!‎ ‎　　②How+副词+主语+谓语! How well she dances!‎ ‎　　③How +形容词+a(an)+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!如： How good a student he is!‎ ‎　　④How+主语+谓语!如： How the teachers worked!教师们工作多么努力啊!‎ ‎　　⑤How+many(few)+可数名词的复数+主语+谓语!如： How many books you have read!‎ ‎　　⑥How much(little)+不可数名词+主语+谓语!如： How little money the coat cost!‎ ‎　　(3)＂What+a(an)+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!＂句型可转换为＂How+形容词+a(an)+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!＂句型。如; What a clever boy he is! How clever a boy he is!‎ ‎　　(4)感叹句常将主语和谓语动词省略，以＂What+名词!＂或＂How+形容词!＂的形式构成。如：‎ ‎　　What a fine student! What mountains! How wonderful! How brave!‎ ‎　　(5)其他形式的感叹句 ‎　　有时候，可不用what和how来表示感叹，而用陈述句、疑问句、祈使句，甚至一个词或词组来表示感叹。如：She is such a nice girl!她是一个多好的姑娘啊!(陈述句) Who do you think you are!你算老几!(疑问句) ＂Stop the train! Stop the train!＂(祈使句) Wonderful!(一个词) Happy New Year!(词组)‎ 题组一 基础过关 I. 用适当的连接词或括号内所给词的适当形式填空填空 ‎1. Give me a chance, ________ I'll give you a wonderful surprise.‎ ‎2. ________ (look) at the photos，illustrations，title and headings and you can guess what the reading is about.‎ ‎3. He is rather difficult to make friends with，but the friendship of his，once ________ (gain), is truer than that of anybody else's. ‎ ‎4. You will fail the final exam unless ________ (work) hard. ‎ ‎5. —Hi, are you an engineer in Lenovo Group?‎ ‎—No, but I want to ________(be).‎ ‎6. It was when we were returning home ________ I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.‎ ‎7. The doctor said if ________ (treat) in a proper way ，he was likely to be saved.‎ ‎8. He speaks French fluently，so ________ his wife.‎ ‎9. Just now the patient opened her mouth as if ________ (say) something to her husband.‎ ‎10. Although ________ (taste) a little bitter, this medicine will be good for curing the disease.‎ II. 完成句子 ‎1. ________ (as, strange, may, sound, it), I was very pleased it was over.‎ ‎2. Short ________(it, is，as), China’s first ＂space class＂ conveys so much knowledge and is certainly of great importance.‎ ‎3. ________had she begun ________ she heard someone running up the stairs.‎ ‎4. ________(I, spend) more time on my studies instead of being addicted to computer games, I would be working in a chain company of Microsoft.‎ ‎5. －Under no circumstances ________(you, leave) the door to the Data Centre unlocked.‎ ‎－I promise I’ll be more careful in future.‎ ‎6. Only when the last tree has died and the last river has been poisoned ________(we，realize) we cannot eat money.‎ ‎7. If a healthy environment is gone, ________ everything that our life depends on.（……也如此)‎ 题组二 能力提升 I. 单项填空 1. ‎—OK, here ___________.‎ ‎—Thank you for your lift. See you later.‎ A. are we B. is it C. we are D. comes it ‎2. So ________ sometimes in trying to accomplish something big _______ we fail to notice the little things that give life its magic.‎ A. we get caught up; as B. do we get caught up; that C. caught up get we; as D. caught up do we get; that ‎3. China opened its door to the outside world in 1978. ________ that had far-reaching ‎ effects.‎ A. Did a new development come then B. Then came a new development C. Came then a new development D. Then did a new development come ‎4. ________ book of this writer is East and West.‎ A. Known to be the best B. Known as the best C. As the best known D. It was the best known ‎5. I failed in the final exam last term and only then ________ the importance of study.‎ A. I realized B. I realize C. had I realized D. did I realize ‎6. In the lecture hall ________.‎ A. seats a professor B. a professor seats C. sits a professor D. a professor sits ‎7. Never once _________ with each other since they were married 40 years ago A. did the old couple quarrel B. have the couple quarreled C. quarreled the couple D. would the couple quarrel ‎8._________ what would happen the following day, they would have reconsidered their thoughts.‎ A. Did they know B. Were they to know ‎ C. Had they known D. should they know ‎9. I went to the classroom as usual. But there, next to my desk, _________ I had never seen before.‎ A. a girl did sit B. a girl sat C. did a girl sit D. sat a girl ‎10. We won’t think of human clones and _________ any reason to suggest that we are closer to producing them today than we were yesterday.‎ A. neither there is B. neither there was C. nor is there D. nor was there ‎11. Only when Lily walked into the office _________ that she had left the contract at home. ‎ A. she realized B. has she realized ‎ C. she has realized D. did she realize ‎12. The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely, _________, reaching 30C in summer.‎ A. if not B. if ever ‎ C. if any D. if so ‎13. No sooner ________ stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.‎ A. had Mo Yan B. Mo Yan had ‎ C. has Mo Yan D. Mo Yan has ‎14. Though _________ to take measures to prevent possible injury, the young worker didn’t take it seriously.‎ A. urging B. being urged ‎ C. urged D. having urged ‎15. _________ in the library, or you’ll be fined 10 dollars and banned from entering for one month.‎ A. If you smoke B. Not smoke ‎ C. Not smoking D. No smoking II. 短文改错 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（Λ），并在其下面写出该加的次。‎ 删除：把多余的用斜线（）划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：(1).每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎(2).只允许修改10处，多者（从第l1处起）不计分。‎ Dear Ms Wood,‎ I’m Li Hua, one of your student in China. It’s almost a year before you left us. We all miss you and are very gratefully for what you did for us. The other day our school hold an English speech competition and I won first prize. What’s worse,‎ ‎ it again reminded me all your kind help. Yesterday we went to water the trees planting on the hill behind the school. The tree you planted is growing good, and the whole class decided to name it Sue Wood in our honor.‎ We are eager to know more about you. Hope to keep in the close touch with you.‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua 题组三 真题模拟题 ‎1.（2018·天津卷·单项填空）It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house ___________we saw Lily in the passenger seat.‎ A. which B. that C. when D. where ‎2. （2018·滨海7校联考·单项填空）I went to the classroom as usual. But there, next to my desk, ______ I had never seen before. ‎ A. a girl did sit B. a girl sat C. did a girl sit D. sat a girl ‎3. （2018·北京卷·单项填空）In any unsafe situation, simply _________ the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need.‎ A. press B. to press C. pressing D. pressed ‎4. （2018届天津市河东区高考英语二模）—OK, here ___________.‎ ‎—Thank you for your lift. See you later.‎ A. are we B. is it C. we are D. comes it ‎5. （2017·天津卷·单项填空）It was when I got back to my apartment ___________ I first came across my new neighbors.‎ A. who B. where C. which D. that ‎6. （2016·江苏卷·单项填空）Not until recently ___________ the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.‎ A. they had encouraged B. had they encouraged C. did they encourage D. they encouraged ‎7. （2017· 天津卷· 单项填空）I You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel ___________ the coach picks up tourists.‎ ‎ A. who B. which C. where D. that 题组一 基础过关 I. 用适当的连接词或括号内所给词的适当形式填空填空 ‎1. and　 2. Look　 3. gained　 4. working　 5. be　‎ ‎6. that　 7. treated　 8. does　 9. to say　 10. Tasting II. 完成句子 ‎1. Strange as it may sound ‎2. as it is ‎【解析】考查倒装句。as引导让步状语从句时，应使用部分倒装，将表语或状语提至句首。本题是将表语short提至句首，后面仍用陈述语序。句意：尽管时间很短，中国首堂太空课传递了很多知识，意义十分重大。‎ ‎3. No sooner; than/Hardly; when ‎【解析】考查固定结构。hardlywhen, no soonerthan意为＂一……就……＂。主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。另外，当把hardly/no sooner置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。‎ ‎4. Had I spent ‎【解析】考查虚拟语气和特殊句式。由句意可知，逗号前为条件虚拟语气句，从句表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故从句谓语动词用＂had＋过去分词＂，当从句中省略了引导词if时，从句用部分倒装，即将助动词had提到从句的主语之前，句子还原为：If I had spent more time on my studies instead of being addicted to computer games ‎ ‎5. should you leave ‎【解析】‎ 考查倒装句。句意：——你无论如何都不能不锁数据中心的门就走了。——我答应你下次我会注意的。under no circumstance相当于in no case/in no way/on no account/by no means/never，意为＂决不＂，置于句首时，句子要部分倒装，即：将助动词或情态动词放在主语之前。若句中没有助动词或情态动词，则需要添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语前。由语境可知，此处有责怪的意思，情态动词应用should。‎ ‎6. will we realize ‎【解析】考查倒装。当only强调状语且位于句首时，句子要部分倒装。如：Only by working hard can you make progress.＝You can make progress only by working hard.只有努力才能取得进步。‎ ‎7. so is ‎【解析】考查倒装结构。句意：如果有益于健康的环境消失了，我们生活所依赖的一切也将消失。根据语境可知，前面提到的事也适用于后面的事物，且为肯定含义，因此用＂so＋助动词＋主语＂结构。‎ 题组二 能力提升 I. 单项填空 ‎1. C【解析】考查倒装。上句：好的，我们到了。下句：谢谢你的礼物，再见。表示方位地点的here位于句子开头，如果句子的主语是名词，则用全部倒装；如果句子的主语是人称代词，则不用倒装。故选C。‎ ‎3. B【解析】考查倒装。句意：中国在1978年向世界打开了大门。然后出现了一个新的发展，该发展产生了深远的影响。then位于句首，句子用全部倒装。即：主语和谓语完全交换位置。故B选项正确。‎ ‎4. B【解析】句意：East and West是这位作家最著名的作品。正常语序为：East and West is known as the best book of the this writer。be known as意为＂作为……而出名＂。known置于句首，起强调作用。B选项正确。‎ ‎5. D【解析】考查部分倒装。我上学期期末考试不及格，直到那时我才意识到学习的重要性。首先由时间状语then确定时态为一般过去时，而时间状语由only引出放于句首，句子产生部分倒装，即助动词提前到主语之前，其他成分保持位置不变。‎ ‎6. C【解析】考查倒装句。在演讲大厅坐着一个教授。表示方位的介词短语在句首时句子用完全倒装，排除B、D 。seat sb.使……坐，seat是及物动词；sit坐，不及物动词，故答案为C。‎ ‎7. B【解析】考查倒装和时态。句意：这对夫妇自从40年前结婚以来，从来没有吵过架。否定词Never放在句首，句子要部分倒装，根据从句since they were married 40 years ago可知，主句要用现在完成时，助动词have提到主语之前，句子部分倒装。故选B。‎ ‎9. D【解析】考查全部倒装。句意：我像平常一样去了教室。但是，在我桌子旁边坐着一个我以前从没见过的女孩。表示地点方位的状语位于句子开头，主语如果是名词，则句子用全部倒装。故答案为D。‎ ‎10. C【解析】C考查固定句型。句意：我们不会想到人类的克隆，也没有任何理由认为我们今天比昨天更接近于生产它们。Nor +助动词+主语表示前面的否定情况，同样适用于后者，意为＂某人/物也不……＂，故选C。‎ ‎11. D【解析】句意：只有当莉莉走进办公室的时候，她才意识到她把合同忘家里了。本题考查only位于句首，引导的时间状语从句，主句要主谓倒装。根据时态和句意可知选D。‎ ‎12. B【解析】这里意思是＂夏天的温度很少达到30度＂。if not 要不；if ever很少；if any如果真有的话；if so假如这样的话。所以选B。句意：这里的气候非常好，夏天的温度很少达到30度。‎ ‎13. A【解析】考查倒装句型。no sooner…than…结构中的 no sooner置于句首时，其后引出部分倒装。如：No sooner had we left the house than it began to rain. 我们刚离开家就开始下雨了。No sooner had we reached the airport than the plane took off. 我们刚到机场，飞机就起飞了。该句型中一般主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。‎ ‎14. C【解析】考查状语从句的省略。这里是状语从句的省略，可以还原为＂Though he had been urged＂，动作urge和句子主语the young worker之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，且动作已经发生，故用过去分词形式表达被动和完成。故选C。‎ ‎15. D【解析】考查祈使句。祈使句的否定形式：no + 名词/动词-ing形式。句意：图书馆内不得吸烟，否则你将被罚款10美元，并被禁止入内一个月。No smoking 禁止吸烟。‎ II. 短文改错 ‎【答案】‎ Dear Ms Wood,‎ I’m Li Hua, one of your  in China. It’s almost a year  you left us. We  all miss you and are very  for what you did for us. The other day our school  an English speech competition and I won first prize. What’s , it again reminded me  all your kind help. Yesterday we went to water the trees  on the hill behind the school. The tree you planted is growing , and the whole  class decided to name it Sue Wood in  honor.‎ We are eager to know more about you. Hope to keep in  the  close touch with you.‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua ‎【解析】‎ 第三处：gratefully→grateful。我们都很想念你，而且非常感激你为我们所做的一切。be grateful for"感激……"是固定搭配。‎ 第四处：hold→held。根据时间状语The other day "前几天"可知，此处陈述发生在过去的事情，故应用一般过去时。‎ 第五处：worse→more。此处前后句之间是递进关系，故此处应用What’s more"而且"。what’s worse"更糟糕的是"，显然与此处的语境不符。‎ 第六处：reminded me后加of/about。remind sb. of/about sth."使某人想起某事物"。‎ 第七处：planting→planted。trees与动词plant之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故此处应用过去分词planted作后置定语。‎ 第八处：good→well。此处用副词well修饰动词。grow well"生长得好"。‎ 第九处：our→your。此处指为了向Ms Wood表示敬意，全班同学决定以Sue Wood来命名Ms Wood所栽种的那棵树。in one’s honor意为"为向某人表示敬意"。‎ 第十处：删除close前的the。keep in touch with sb.是固定词组，意为"与某人保持联系"，故the多余。‎ 题组三 真题模拟题 ‎1. B【解析】考查强调句。句意：只有当汽车在我们房子前停下来我们才看到在乘客位置的莉莉。这里考查强调句，强调句型结构为：It is/was + 被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+ that/who(当强调主语且主语指人)+ 其他部分。本题强调时间状语only when the car pulled up in front of our house。故选B。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 本题考查强调句，要求有学生掌握好强调句的常用句型以及相关知识的能力。分析句子时首先要看清楚结构，It is/was…开头而后面跟句子时就要看它是不是强调句了。强调句有一个特点：拿掉It was/is…that…后不影响整个句子的完整性，则是强调句。判断完是不是强调句后再根据强调的部分是人还是物来选择连接词that或者是who。‎ ‎2. D【解析】考查全部倒装。句意：我像平常一样去了教室。但是，在我桌子旁边坐着一个我以前从没见过的女孩。表示地点方位的状语位于句子开头，主语如果是名词，则句子用全部倒装。故答案为D。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 全部倒装（平衡倒装句型）：‎ ‎①句首是地点状语和表语时：‎ In front of the house sat an old man smoking a pipe.在房屋前面坐着一位老人在抽烟斗.（句首是状语） ‎ ‎②句首有 here,there,out,in,up,down,off,away 等副词时：Out rushed a cat from under the table.从桌子底下窜出一只猫来.‎ ‎③句首有 so（表肯定）,neither (nor) （表否定）,表示前面所说的情况也适合与另一个人或事.He can swim.他会游泳.So can she.她也会.‎ ‎④在there be 结构中.There are fifty students in our class.我班有50个学生.‎ ‎⑤在某些祝愿句中.‎ Long live the People's Republic of China!中华人民共和国万岁!‎ ‎⑥在某些感叹句中.‎ How proud we are of our great motherland!我们为伟大的祖国感到多么自豪!‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 祈使句+and/or+陈述句是一种常见结构。当前后两部分间为承接关系时，用and；前后意思为相反关系时，用or。该句式中的陈述句部分常用一般将来时态。‎ ‎4. C【解析】考查倒装。上句：好的，我们到了。下句：谢谢你的礼物，再见。表示方位地点的here位于句子开头，如果句子的主语是名词，则用全部倒装；如果句子的主语是人称代词，则不用倒装。故选C。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 完全倒装：‎ ‎1. 完全倒装即把整个谓语放到主语之前（是整个谓语动词，而非助动词）。‎ ‎2. there引出的完全倒装句：除了最常见的there be句型以外，there还可以接appear, exist, lie, remain, seem to be, stand等，一般都译成"有"的含义，构成完全倒装句。‎ ‎3. 由地点和时间副词引出的完全倒装句：以地点副词here, there和时间副词now, then开头，后面的动词是be, come, exist, fall, follow, go, lie, remain, seem, stand（表移动或动态的不及物动词）等，而主语又是名词时，构成完全倒装句。‎ ‎4. 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词且主语是名词时使用完全倒装。‎ ‎7. D ‎【解析】句意：你在一个错误的地方等待。大客车是在旅店接送游客的。使用强调句，结构是：It is/was + 强调部分+that+其余部分，如果强调部分是人，也可以用who，这句话强调的是地点状语at the hotel。故选D。‎