2017届高考英语（人教版）一轮教师文档讲义：必修4 unit 4 15页

‎[话题素材——语言与文化]‎ 好词 ‎1．communicate vi. 交际；交流 2.misunderstand vi. 误解；误会 ‎3．complicate adj. 复杂的 4.distance n. 距离；远方 ‎5．sensitive adj. 敏感的 6.convey vt. 表达；传递 ‎7．facial_expression 面部表情 ‎8．express one's feelings 表达某人的感情 ‎9．tell the difference of 说出……的区别 ‎10．arouse_one's_dislike 引起反感 ‎11．put sb. at ease 让人放轻松 ‎12．body_language 肢体语言 ‎13．keep a distance of 保持……的距离 ‎14．shake_hands_with_sb. 与某人握手 ‎15．get sth. across to sb. 使某人理解某事 佳句 ‎1．Instead_of_blaming_each_other,_we should communicate more and put ourselves in other's place, which_can_help_us_have_a_better_understanding_of_others.‎ 不是相互指责，而是应该多沟通，并站在他人的立场上考虑问题，这有助于我们对他人有更好的理解。‎ ‎2．To_avoid_such_conflicts,_we should be kind to one another and do_as_Romans_do.‎ 为了避免这样的冲突，我们应彼此善待对方，并做到“入乡随俗”。‎ ‎3．Having_a_good_command_of_different_body_languages is of great use for us to communicate with foreigners more conveniently.‎ 掌握不同的肢体语言有助于我们更方便与外国人交流。‎ ‎[精美语篇]‎ Social practice benefits students mainly in two aspects. First, it can enrich students' experiences and equip them with more knowledge about the society. Second, social practice can offer students opportunities to apply what they learn in class to practical work.‎ However, some problems arise if students are engaged in too much social practice. For example, some students put so much effort in it that they cannot set aside much time and energy for study. As a result, they don't do well in their study, which is not a good effect of social practice.‎ In my opinion, it is important for students to keep the balance between study and social practice. They should keep study in the first place and hold social practice as an addition. Only in this way can social practice really benefit students.‎ ‎ 高频单词 ‎1．represent (vt.) 代表；象征 ‎2．adult (n.) 成人；成年人 (adj.) 成人的；成熟的 ‎3．function (n.) 作用；功能；职能 (vi.) 起作用；运转 ‎4．ease (n.) 安逸；舒适 (vt.) 减轻(痛苦、忧虑)‎ ‎5．false (adj.) 错误的；假的 ‎6．rank (n.) 等级；军衔 ‎7．dash (vi.) 猛冲；突进 ‎8．approach (vt.&vi.) 接近；靠近；走近 (n.) 接近；方法；途径 ‎9．association (n.) 社团；联系；联想→associate (vt.) 把……联系起来 ‎10．curious (adj.) 好奇的→curiously (adv.) 好奇地→curiosity (n.) 好奇；好奇心 ‎11．defend (vt.) 保护；保卫→defence (n.) 防御；保卫 ‎12．major (adj.) 主要的→majority (n.) 大多数；大部分 ‎13．misunderstand (vt.) 误解；误会→misunderstanding (n.) 误解；误会 ‎14．spoken (adj.) 口语的→unspoken (adj.) (反义词)未说出口的；非口语的 ‎15．truly (adv.) 真实地；真诚地；真正地→true (adj.) 真实的→truth (n.) 真实；真理 ‎16．statement (n.) 陈述；说明→state (vt.) 声明；陈述→state (n.) 状态；州；国家 ‎17．simply (adv.) 简单地；只→simple (adj.) 简单的；朴素的→simplify (vt.) 简化 ‎18．anger (n.) 怒气；怒火→angry (adj.) 生气的→angrily (adv.) 愤怒地；生气地 ‎19．greet (vi.&vt.) 迎接；问候→greeting (n.) 迎接；问候；招呼 ‎20．subjective (adj.) 主观的→subject (n.) 学科；主观事物 ‎ 重点短语 ‎1．defend..._against　　　　防御；保卫……以免受 ‎2．be_likely_to 很可能……；有希望……‎ ‎3．in_general 总的来说；通常 ‎4．at_ease 舒适；快活；自由自在 ‎5．lose_face 丢脸 ‎6．turn_one's_back_to 背对 ‎7．in_defence 防御；保卫 ‎8．on_the_contrary 相反 ‎9．be_nervous_about 对……感到紧张 ‎10．in_most_cases 在大多数情况下 ‎ 热点句型 ‎1．特殊疑问词＋插入语＋疑问句剩余部分？‎ What do_you_think (你认为) is the purpose of language? (教材P25)‎ ‎2．动词不定式作后置定语 The_first_person_to_arrive (第一个到达的人) was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain. (教材P26)‎ ‎3．not all...表示部分否定 Not_all_cultures_greet_each_other_the_same_way (各种文化背景下的人互致问候的方式不尽相同), nor are they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people. (教材P26)‎ ‎ 4.sb./sth. be likely to do sth.“某人或某物……可能……”‎ However, people from places like Spain, Italy or South American countries approach others closely and are_more_likely_to_touch (很可能接触) them. (教材P26)‎ ‎ 教材复现 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎1．I saw several young people enter the waiting area ________ (look) around curiously.‎ 答案：looking　考查非谓语动词作状语。look与young people之间为主动关系，故应用looking。‎ ‎2．These actions are not good or bad, ________ are simply ways ________ which cultures have developed.‎ 答案：but; in　第一空考查两句子之间的逻辑关系，结合语意两者表转折；第二空考查定语从句，此处先行词为ways，从句中不缺主语和宾语，故用in which引导。‎ ‎3．Tony approached Julia, touched her shoulder and kissed her ________ the cheek.‎ 答案：on　考查“kiss sb.＋介＋the＋身体部位”结构，身体部位是硬部位，故填on。‎ ‎4．I moved back a bit, but he came ________ (close) to ask a question and then shook my hand.‎ 答案：closer　考查形容词用法。结合语境中“moved back a bit”及but可知，此处用比较级。‎ ‎5．The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely ________ (follow) by Julia Smith from Britain.‎ 答案：followed　考查非谓语作定语。follow与Tony Garcia之间为动宾关系，故填followed。‎ ‎6．I stood for a minute ________ (watch) them and then went to greet them.‎ 答案：watching　考查现在分词作伴随状语。watch与逻辑主语之间为主动关系，故用watching。‎ ‎7．Body language is one of ________ most powerful means of communication, often even more powerful than ________ (speak) language.‎ 答案：the; spoken　第一空考查最高级用法，前面加the；第二空考查分词作定语，speak与language之间为动宾关系，故填spoken。‎ ‎8．________ (nod) the head up and down ________ (use) for agreement almost worldwide.‎ 答案：Nodding; is used　第一空考查动名词短语作主语；第二空考查主谓一致和语态，“点头”应该是被应用于……，故用被动语态，且动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。‎ ‎9．In almost every culture ________ is not good to stand too close to someone of a ________ (high) rank.‎ 答案：it; higher　第一空考查it为形式主语，不定式作真正主语；第二空考查形容词的级别，语意暗含比较含义，故填比较级。‎ ‎10．Standing at a little distance with open hands will show ________ I am willing to listen.‎ 答案：that　考查宾语从句。从句中不缺成分和语意，故填that。‎ ‎1　　represent　vt.代表；象征；表现；描写；描绘；声称 Yesterday, another student and I，representing our university's student association, went to the Capital International Airport to meet this year's international students.(P26)‎ 昨天，我和另一个同学代表我们大学的学生会，到首都国际机场迎接今年的国际学生。‎ represent sb. as/to be... 宣称某人为……‎ represent_sth._to_sb. 向某人说明某事；向某人传达某事 represent oneself as/to_be... 自称是……‎ representative adj. 典型的；有代表性的 n．代表 ‎①[2015·安徽高考]In order to show the strength in unity, she held up one chopstick, representing_one_person. Then she easily broke it into two pieces.‎ 为了展示团结的力量，她拿起一根筷子，代表一个人。然后她很容易地把它折成两半。‎ ‎②[2015·安徽高考]In the southern United States, pieces of corn bread represent blocks of gold for prosperity in the New Year.‎ 在美国南部，一块块的玉米面包象征着在新的一年里如黄金般兴旺发达。‎ ‎③All of a sudden, he stood directly, representing_his_ideas_to_the_people present at the meeting.‎ 他突然站起来，向出席会议的人说明了他的想法。‎ ‎④[必背佳句]He was picked out from the whole class to_represent_them to the other school.‎ 他被挑选出来作为全班同学的代表，到另一所学校去。‎ 易混辨析 represent 用来表示“代表某人/某个团体/政府等”“某种标志代表什么”“某物(书、雕塑等)表现的是什么”和“把某人/物描绘成什么”‎ on behalf of 只能用作状语，表示“代表/代替某人”‎ stand for 往往用来表示“(字母、数字、符号等)代表/象征什么”‎ ‎2　　curious　adj.好奇地 Julie was curious to find out more, so after talking with her parents that evening, she booked a flight to South America.(P28)‎ 朱莉娅想了解更多，所以那晚与父母交谈之后订了去南美的航班。‎ ‎(1)be curious about 对……感到好奇 be curious to_do_sth. 渴望做某事 ‎(2)curiosity n. 好奇心 out_of_curiosity 出于好奇 meet/satisfy one's curiosity 满足某人的好奇心 with curiosity＝curiously 好奇地 ‎①[2014·课标全国卷Ⅰ]Students are being dared to draw a picture, write an article, take a photo or write a poem that shows what_they_are_curious_about.‎ 学生们正大胆地画画，写文章，拍照或者写表明他们对什么好奇的诗。‎ ‎②The reporter is_curious_to_wonder whether the official is involved in the case.‎ 那名记者很想知道此案是否牵连那位官员。‎ ‎③The little boy, out_of_curiosity,_took the radio set apart.‎ 这个小男孩出于好奇把收音机给拆了。‎ ‎④[必背佳句]It is good to be_curious_about the world around you because I think curiosity is the best teacher.‎ 对你周围的世界感到好奇是件好事，因为我认为好奇心是最好的老师。‎ ‎3　　approach　vt.& vi.接近；靠近；走近　n．接近；方法；途径 Tony approached Julia，touched her shoulder and kissed her on the cheek！(P26)‎ 托尼走近朱莉娅，摸了摸她的肩，并亲了一下她的脸颊！‎ ‎(1)at the approach of 在……快要来临的时候 an approach to (doing) sth. 做某事的方法 ‎(2)approach sth./sb. 接近，靠近，某人/某物 with...approaching 随着……的临近 ‎①[2015·天津高考]Absorbed in painting, John didn't notice evening_approaching.‎ 全神贯注于绘画中，约翰没有注意到夜幕降临了。‎ ‎②[2015·陕西高考]They took a more reasonable approach to_teaching_their_children,_conveying to them how success at school could improve their lives.‎ 他们采取一种更合理的方法教育他们的孩子，向他们传达在学校成功是如何改善他们的生活的。‎ ‎③[2014·天津高考]Many people don't dare to approach nature any more; to them the world they were born to enjoy is all threat.‎ 许多人不再也不敢接近大自然，对他们来说，这个他们生来就可以享受的世界到处都是威胁。‎ ‎④[必背佳句]With_Teachers'_Day_approaching,_our class decided to hold a party to celebrate the important day for a change this year.‎ 随着教师节的临近，我们班决定今年换一种方式举办一次晚会来庆祝这个重大的日子。‎ ‎－名师点睛－‎ ‎(1)approach表示“接近；靠近”时，为不可数名词；表示“处理、对待的方法、途径”时，为可数名词，其后常与to搭配。‎ ‎(2)表示“……的方法”的搭配有：‎ the approach to (doing) sth.‎ the way to do/of (doing) sth.‎ the means of (doing) sth.‎ the method of (doing) sth.‎ ‎(3)注意以下不同的介词搭配：with this method/in this way/by this means。‎ ‎4　　defend　vt.保护；保卫　defence n．防御；保卫 She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands, as if in defence.(P26)‎ 她后退了几步，看上去有些吃惊，并举起了手，好像是在自卫。‎ ‎(1)defend sb./sth. from/against sb./sth. 保护某人(某物)免受伤害；保卫某人(某物)‎ defend oneself against sth. 为自己辩护/自卫 ‎(2)in defence(of...) 为了保卫(……)‎ in sb.'s/sth.'s defence 为……辩护；在……的防备下 ‎①[2014·江西高考]The traveler may fire at a wild beast to defend_himself_against_it in case he is attacked.‎ 以防被攻击，旅行者可以对野兽开火来保卫自己免受它的伤害。‎ ‎②All the people, men and women, young and old, were fighting against the flood in_defence_of their own homes.‎ 所有的人，无论男女老幼，都与洪水作斗争，保卫自己的家园。‎ ‎③Don't defend him any more. It is obvious that he deliberately destroyed the fence of the garden even without apology.‎ 你别再为他辩护了，显然是他故意把花园围墙弄坏了，而且还不道歉。‎ 易混辨析 defend 着重指用武力抵御攻击和侵犯 protect 指采取一定措施，使用某些器具以保护人或物免遭损害，使用范围广泛 guard 强调通过看守警戒，以确保安全 ‎④用defend, protect, guard的正确形式填空 a．The sergeant told Swift to ________ the entrance to the building.‎ b．We must ________ the children from harm.‎ c．We shall ________ our country, whatever cost may be.‎ 答案：a.guard　b．protect　c．defend 图解助记 过关演练 单句语法填空 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式 ‎1．[2015·上海高考]After the bells of the Church of St. Peter have rung six times, ________ (represent) the passing of winter, the pile of firewood is lit.‎ 答案：representing　考查分词作状语。represent与逗号前内容之间为顺承主动关系，故用现在分词形式。‎ ‎2．Parents, of course, will do everything they could ________ (defend) their children against harm.‎ 答案：to defend　考查目的状语。结合语意可知，could后省去了“do”，故用不定式表目的。‎ ‎3．At the class meeting, the students discussed some different approaches ________ the study of English.‎ 答案：to　考查approach的用法，表示“……的方法”时用介词to。‎ ‎4．On seeing his mother, the boy looked at her ________ (curious), as if she were a complete stranger.‎ 答案：curiously　考查词形转换。修饰动词，应用副词形式。‎ ‎5．________ (misunderstand) by others when you do nothing wrong at all is quite a bad experience.‎ 答案：Being misunderstood　考查动名词短语作主语。misunderstand与逻辑主语之间为动宾关系，且空处作主语。‎ ‎6．Tom's not ________ (greet) his friend when they met on the street made his friend very upset.‎ 答案：greeting　考查动名词的复合结构。分析句子结构可知，该空格应填动名词作主语。‎ ‎7．My sister is in Shandong University, ________ (major) in English literature.‎ 答案：majoring　考查分词作状语。major与my sister之间为主动关系，故应用现在分词。‎ ‎8．It is my dearest hope that one day she will find the happiness she ________ (true) deserve.‎ 答案：truly　考查词形转换。修饰动词deserve应用副词，故填truly。‎ ‎9．People have always been curious ________ how living things on earth exactly began.‎ 答案：about　考查固定短语，be curious about意为“对……好奇”。‎ ‎10．Among sales ________ (represent) for a large American car manufacture, those who were most conscientious had the largest volume of sales.‎ 答案：representatives　考查词形转换，此空填名词表示“代表”。‎ ‎1　　be likely to 很可能……；有希望…… ‎ However, people from places like Spain, Italy or South American countries approach others closely and are more likely to touch them.(P26)‎ 但是，来自像西班牙、意大利或南美等国家的人会站在离别人很近的地方，而且很可能(用身体)接触对方。‎ sb./sth. be likely to_do_sth. 某人/某物可能……‎ It is likely to do sth. 做……是可能的 It is likely that... 做……是可能的(主语从句)‎ Not likely! 绝不可能！ ‎ ‎①[2015·课标全国卷Ⅱ]Dark environments are_more_likely_to_encourage_overeating,_for people are often less selfconscious when they are in poorly lit places.‎ 暗淡的环境可能鼓励人们多吃，因为当人们在光线比较差的地方经常不觉得难为情。‎ ‎②[2015·陕西高考]If one is late for a job interview, it_is_not_likely_that he will get the job.‎ 如果一个人工作面试迟到了，他不可能得到这份工作。‎ ‎③[必背佳句]He_is_likely_to_get_hurt because he always trusts people easily.‎ 因为他很轻易就相信别人，他很可能受伤。‎ 易混辨析 likely 指从外表、迹象上进行判断有可能发生。既可以用人也可以用物作主语 It is likely that...或sb./sth. is likely to...‎ possible 指客观上有可能，但往往含有希望很小的意味。不能用人作主语 It is possible (for sb.) to do sth.或 It is possible that...‎ probable probable的可能性比possible大，表示“很可能，十有八九”。也不能以人作主语 It's probable that...不能用It's probable for sb. to do这一结构 图解助记 ‎2　　in general 总的来说；通常 In general，though，studying international customs can certainly help avoid difficulties in today's world of cultural crossroads！(P26)‎ 但总的来说，在当今文化交融的世界，学习不同国家的习俗肯定能够帮助我们避免交往中的困难！‎ ‎(1)general knowledge 常识 as a general rule 一般而言；通常 ‎(2)generally adv. 一般地；通常地 generally speaking 通常来说；总的来说(在句中作插入语)‎ ‎(3)on the whole 总的来说＝in_a_word＝in_short＝in_brief＝all_in_all＝in_general ‎①[2015·陕西高考]In_general,_about 20% of parental involvement was positive, about 45% negative and the rest statistically insignificant.‎ 总之，20%的家长参与是积极的，大约45%的是消极的，其他的没有任何意义。‎ ‎②[2014·大纲全国卷]Although you can find bargains in London, it's not generally a cheap place to shop.‎ 尽管你有时可能会在伦敦找到便宜货，但总的来说，对购物而言那不是一个便宜的地方。‎ ‎③[2014·课标全国卷Ⅰ]As_a_general_rule,_all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on a routine basis.‎ 作为一般规则，当它们在日常生活的基础上被执行时，各种形式的活动都会导致无聊。‎ ‎④We are trying to raise awareness about the environment in_general and air pollution in particular.‎ 我们正努力从总体上增强环境意识，特别是提高对空气污染的意识。‎ ‎3　　lose face 丢脸；失面子 There are unhappy smiles, such as when someone“loses face” and smiles to hide it.(P30)‎ 还有不愉快的微笑，比如说当某人丢脸时，他们用微笑来掩盖。‎ ‎(1)save one's face 挽回面子 make a face 做个鬼脸 ‎(2)be faced with 面对 ‎(3)face_to_face 面对面 in the face of 面对(问题、困难、危险等) ‎ ‎①[2015·湖南高考]Building owners were_faced_with a choice: either change the first floors of their buildings into basements, and the second stories into main floors, or hoist the entire buildings to meet the new street level.‎ 建筑所有者面临着一个选择：要么把第一层变成地下室，第二层成为主楼层，要么提升整栋建筑以达到街道的高度。‎ ‎②[2014·课标全国卷Ⅰ]When faced_with_so_many_options,_the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair.‎ 当面对如此多的选择时，狮子选择原地不动等待，而不是去攻击拿椅子的人。‎ ‎③Rather than admit failure, Frank made_a_face in order to save_his_face.‎ 弗兰克为了保全面子，没有承认失败，而是做了个鬼脸。‎ ‎④[必背佳句]Faced_with_difficulties,_they never give up but try their best to find a way out.‎ 面对困难时，他们从不放弃而是努力寻找出路。‎ ‎4　　at ease 舒适；快活；自由自在 ‎ The most universal facial expression is, of course, the smile－its function is to show happiness and put people at ease.(P30)‎ 微笑当属最普遍使用的面部表情，它的作用是表达快乐和安人心境。‎ ‎(1)with ease轻易地；毫不费力地 feel/look at ease感到/看上去心情放松 put_sb._at_ease使某人放松 take one's ease休息，轻松一下 ‎(2)ease sb. of sth.减轻某人的(痛苦、负担等) ‎ ‎①[2015·浙江高考]With that, I spent eight to ten hours a day with Joe in the hospital, doing anything and everything I could to_ease_him_of_his_discomfort.‎ 因为这个原因，我每天花8到10小时在医院陪着Joe，做一切我能做的去减轻他的不安。‎ ‎②We live in an age when more information is available with_greater_ease than ever before.‎ 我们生活在这样一个时代，更多的信息比以往更容易获取。‎ ‎③He didn't feel completely at_ease in the strange surroundings.‎ 他在陌生的环境中感到不那么自在。‎ ‎④[必背佳句]When you feel nervous, you'd better listen to some light music to_put_yourself_at_ease.‎ 当你感到紧张时，你最好听些轻音乐使自己放松下来。‎ 过关演练 选词填空 in general; be likely to; turn one's back to; be curious about; at ease; lose face; function as; defend against; as well as; as if ‎1．In order not to ________， he spent the whole night preparing for the speech of the next day.‎ 答案：lose face ‎2．________the things that we don't know, we often explore to satisfy our curiosity.‎ 答案：Curious about ‎ ‎3．________one of his friends made him lose all his friends.‎ 答案：Turning his back to ‎4．At the conference, political leaders from many countries promised to work together ________ the world ________ terrorism and other threats.‎ 答案：to defend; against ‎5．The library ________ a temporary hospital now to cope with people injured in the earthquake.‎ 答案：is functioning as ‎6．When the door was opened suddenly, the boy covered his head with his hands ________ in defence.‎ 答案：as if ‎7．[2015·重庆高考]While the shop assistant is going back to find the right size shoe, bored customers ________ wander over and find some cosmetics they might want to try later.‎ 答案：are likely to ‎8．[2015·江苏高考]________， the kind of news which may be expected to give immediate reward are news of crime and corruption, accidents and disasters, sports, social events and human interest.‎ 答案：In general ‎9．[2015·湖南高考]A desk dictionary is mediumsized, generally containing over 170,000 entries ________ extra features.‎ 答案：as well as ‎10．With our work finished, we felt more ________ than three days ago.‎ 答案：at ease ‎1　　The first person to_arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain.(P26)‎ 第一个到达的是从哥伦比亚来的托尼·加西亚，随后紧跟着的是英国的朱丽娅·史密斯。‎ to arrive是不定式作后置定语。‎ ‎(1)当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级，next, only, last等限定时，常用不定式作后置定语。‎ ‎(2)动词不定式作定语常用来修饰抽象名词，常见的有：ability, chance, ambition, offer, anxiety, answer, attempt, way等。‎ 语境助记 ‎①[2015·安徽高考]I would really like to interview him because he is not only the_first_Chinese_to_go_to_space but also one of the greatest astronauts in the world.‎ 我很想采访他，不仅是因为他是第一个进入太空的中国人，而且也是世界上伟大的宇航员之一。‎ ‎②[2015·湖北高考]There is no doubt that this candidate's advantage lies in his ability to communicate_with_foreigners in English.‎ 毫无疑问，这位候选人的优势在于他能用英语与外国人交流。‎ ‎③[2015·广东高考]Yet, most parents use an educational program as a chance to_park_their_kids in front of the set and do something in another room.‎ 然而，大部分家长把教育节目当作一个机会，把孩子放在电视机前并在另外一个房间做事。‎ 过关演练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式 ‎1．[2015·湖北高考]She also operates a website, where she shares her tips and recipes, with the goal of demonstrating that everyone has the ability ________ (control) what's on their plate.‎ 答案：to control　考查不定式作定语修饰抽象名词的用法，故用不定式to control。‎ ‎2．Yi Siling was the first player ________ (win) the gold medal in the 2012 London Olympic Games.‎ 答案：to win　考查序数词修饰名词时，通常只用不定式来修饰该名词。‎ ‎3．There is no signal in that faraway village and all my attempts ________ (contact) you failed.‎ 答案：to contact　考查不定式作定语，修饰抽象名词的用法。‎ ‎4．Bill wasn't happy about the delay of the report by Jason, and ________ was I.‎ 答案：neither/nor　考查“neither/nor＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语”结构，表示与上文所提到的情况相同，用于上文是否定意义的情况。‎ Ⅱ.完成句子 ‎1．She ________________ in such a short time, because she is so clever.‎ 她很可能在这么短的时间内完成那道数学题，因为她很聪明。‎ 答案：is likely to finish that maths problem ‎2．______________________________， for it is quite hard for some of them.‎ 并不是所有人都愿意做这样的工作，因为它对于有些人来说太难了。‎ 答案：Not all people are willing to do such work ‎3．Wang Yaping has become __________________________ in space.‎ 王亚平已成为第二个在太空工作的中国女宇航员。‎ 答案：the second Chinese astronaut to work 动词ing形式作定语和状语 动词的ing形式作定语 ‎1. 表示名词的属性、作用或用途 There is a swimming (swim) pool in our school.‎ ‎2. 表示所修饰的名词的动作或状态，相当于一个定语从句。‎ The boy studying (study) in the classroom is our monitor.‎ ‎(＝The boy who is studying in the classroom is our monitor.)‎ ‎3. 当分词单独作定语时，放在所修饰的名词前；如果是分词短语作定语，则放在该名词后。‎ I was satisfied with the exciting (excite) speech.‎ They lived in a house facing (face) south.‎ 动词的ing形式作状语 ‎　动词的ing在句中作状语，修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、让步或伴随情况等。‎ Turning (turn) around, I saw a car driving up.‎ Not knowing (know) his telephone number, I couldn't get in touch with him.‎ Working (work) hard, you'll make great progress.‎ The snow lasted a week, resulting (result) in a serious traffic confusion in the whole area.‎ He came running (run) back to tell me the news.‎ 过关演练 单句语法填空 用括号内单词的正确形式填空 ‎1．[2015·湖南高考]When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile, she stood rooted to the ground, ________ (wonder) whether to stay or leave.‎ 答案：wondering　句意：当那位职员看到了一张善良、满是皱纹又带着歉意的微笑的脸时，她呆呆地站在那里，考虑着是走还是留。考查v.ing作伴随状语，she与wonder之间为主动关系。‎ ‎2．[2015·天津高考]________ (work) for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.‎ 答案：Having worked　考查分词的完成式作状语。主语Steve与work之间为主动关系，且work先于谓语动词发生。‎ ‎3．[2014·大纲全国卷]Today there are more airplanes ________ (carry) more people than ever before in the skies.‎ 答案：carrying　句意：和过去相比，现在空中的飞机更多了，载客量也更大了。考查现在分词作定语，airplanes与carry之间为主动关系。‎ ‎4．[2014·北京高考]Last night, there were millions of people ________ (watch) the opening ceremony live on TV.‎ 答案：watching　考查现在分词作定语，people与watch之间为主动关系。‎ ‎5．[2014·山东高考]There's a note pinned to the door ________ (say) when the shop will open again.‎ 答案：saying　考查现在分词作定语，a note与say之间为主动关系。‎