专题14+虚拟语气-2019年高考英语语法词汇与情景交际钻石考点提分秘籍 12页

‎ ‎ 虚拟语气表示与事实相反的假设。高考对虚拟语气的考查主要在于条件句、含蓄条件句、名词性从句和其他一些从句中。考生应当熟悉使用虚拟语气的各种情况，并牢记不同情况下虚拟语气的动词形式。‎ 考点一 用于条件句 虚拟条件句可表示与现在、过去或将来事实相反，从句和主句谓语动词根据不同的时间，用不同的形式。‎ 时间 条件从句 结果主句 现在 动词过去式 would/should/could/might + 动词原形 过去 had + 过去分词 would/should/could/might + have + 过去分词 将来 should/were to + 动词原形 would/should/could/might + 动词原形 ‎1. They might have found a better hotel if they _________ a few more kilometers. （2018北京）‎ A. drove B. would drive C. were to drive D. had driven ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎【解析】由语境可知，主、从句都表示与过去事实相反，故从句用过去完成时。‎ ‎2. If the new safety system _______ to use, the accident would never have happened. ‎ ‎（2017北京）‎ A. had been put B. were put C. should be put D. would be put ‎ ‎ ‎3. Why didn’t you tell me about your trouble last week? If you _______ me, I could have helped. （2016北京）‎ A. told B. had told C. were to tell D. would tell ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】由last week可知，主、从句都表示与过去事实相反，故从句用过去完成时。‎ ‎4. I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadn’t been wearing one, I ________.（2016天津） A. were injured B. would be injured C. had been injured D. would have been injured ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】主、从句都表示与过去事实相反，故主句用would have done。‎ ‎5. If I _____it with my own eyes, I wouldn’t have believed it. (2015北京)‎ A .didn’t see B. weren’t seeing C. Wouldn’t see D. hadn’t seen ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】主、从句都表示与过去事实相反，故从句用过去完成时。‎ ‎6. We ______ back in the hotel now if you didn’t lose the map. （ 2014北京）‎ A. are B. were C. will be D. would be ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】由语境可知，主、从句都表示与现在事实相反，故主句用“would+动词原形”。‎ ‎7. If Mr. Dewey _______ present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there. （2014湖南）‎ A. were B. had been C. should be D. was ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎ ‎8. Grace doesn’t want to move to New York because she thinks if she _____ there, she wouldn’t be able to see her parents very often. (2012安徽) ‎ A．lives B．would live C．has lived D．were to live ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】由语境可知，从句表示与将来事实相反，故用“should+动词原形”或“were to+动词原形”。‎ 注意：‎ 有时主句和从句动作发生的时间不一致，这种从句称作交错条件句。主、从句谓语动词的形式要根据各自发生的时间来确定。常见的交错时间是：从句表示过去，主句表示现在。例如：‎ ‎1．If we _______the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach. (2018天津)‎ A. had caught B. caught C. have caught D. would catch ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】由语境可知，主句表示与现在事实相反，从句表示与过去事实相反。故从句用过去完成时。‎ ‎2. If it ________ for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now. （2016江苏） A. had not been B. should not be C. were not to be D. should not have been ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】由语境可知，主句表示与现在事实相反，从句表示与过去事实相反。故从句用过去完成时。‎ ‎3. If we ______ a table earlier, we wouldn’t be standing here in a queue. (2013北京)‎ ‎ A. have booked B. booked C. book D. had booked ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎ ‎4. If he had spent more time practicing speaking English before, he ______ able to speak it much better now. (2013天津)‎ ‎ A. will be B. would be C. has been D. would have been ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】由语境可知，主句表示与现在事实相反，从句表示与过去事实相反。故主句用“would+动词原形”。故选B。‎ 考点二 用于含蓄条件句 ‎ 含蓄条件句是指没有完整的条件从句，但在上下文中隐含了条件的意味。这种条件意味 常由otherwise, but for, with, without, or等词语表现出来。‎ ‎1. —Do you have Betty’s phone number? (2017天津)‎ ‎—Yes. Otherwise, I ______able to reach her yesterday.‎ A. hadn’t been B. wouldn’t have been C. weren’t D. wouldn’t be ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】由yesterday可知，与过去事实相反，otherwise相当于if I hadn’t had Betty’s number，其后的句子相当于主句，谓语动词用wouldn’t have done。‎ ‎2. Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway ______ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms. (2015重庆)‎ A. didn’t write B. hadn’t written C. wouldn’t write D. wouldn’t have written ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】Without his wartime experiences是个含蓄条件句，与过去事实相反，其后的句子相当于主句，谓语动词用wouldn’t have done。 ‎ ‎3. It is lucky we booked a room, or we ______ nowhere to stay now. (2015安徽)‎ A. had B. had had C. would have D. would have had ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎ ‎4. They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they _____ to our help. （2014浙江）‎ ‎ A. would have come B. could come C. have come D. had come ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】or暗含虚拟条件。由语境可知，这里表示与过去事实相反，故后面的句子用would have done。‎ ‎5. We ______ John’s name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury. (2011江西)‎ A. will put B. will have put C. would put D. would have put ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】由yesterday可知，这里与过去事实相反；but for暗含虚拟条件，其前面的句子相当于主句，谓语动词用would have done。‎ 考点三 用于名词性从句中 ‎ wish, would rather等后面的宾语从句谓语动词要用虚拟语气，用一般过去时表示对现在 或将来的愿望，用过去完成时表示对过去的愿望；与“建议、命令、要求”有关的名词性从 句，谓语动词要用“should+动词原形”表示虚拟，should可省略。‎ ‎1. There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _____ a second chance to become more ‎ involved. ‎ ‎(2018江苏) A. had B. will have C. would have had D. have had ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】wish后面的宾语从句用一般过去时表示对现在的愿望，用过去完成时表示对过去的愿望。这里表示对现在的愿望，故用一般过去时。‎ ‎2. It’s strange that he _______ have taken the books without the owner’s permission. (2018江苏) A. would B. should C. could D. might ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎ ‎3. We would rather our daughter ________ at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer. (2014陕西)‎ A．would stay B．has stayed C．stayed D．stay ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】这是一个并列复合句。would rather后面的宾语从句表示现在的情况，谓语动词用一般过去时。‎ ‎4. Eye doctors recommend that a child’s first eye exam _____ at the age of six months old.‎ ‎ (2013浙江)‎ A was B be C were D is ‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】recommend表示“建议”时，后面的宾语从句用“should+动词原形”表示虚拟语气，should可省略。‎ 考点四 用于其他从句中 在It’s (about/high) time that…结构中，that从句要用一般过去时表示虚拟语气；在as if 引导的从句中，谓语动词用一般过去时表示与现在事实相反，用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。‎ ‎1. It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I _______ it? (2014重庆)‎ ‎ A. had done B. have done C. did D. am doing ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】由语境可知，as if引导的从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时。‎ ‎2. Don’t handle the vase as if it ______ made of steel. (2012北京)‎ ‎ A. is B. were C. has been D. had been ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎ ‎3. Jack is a great talker. It’s high time that he something instead of just talking. (2012辽宁)‎ ‎ A. will do B. has done C. do D. did ‎ ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】“It’s (high/about) time that…”句型中，that从句谓语动词要用一般去时表示虚拟语气。‎ 考点五 虚拟条件句中的倒装和省略 ‎ 引导条件从句的连词if可省略，但省略了if的从句要倒装，即将谓语中的were, had或should提到主语之前。‎ ‎1. __________not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty. （2017江苏） A. It were B. Were it C. It was D. Was it ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】由语境可知，主、从句都表示与现在事实相反，故从句用一般过去时；从句省略了连词if，谓语用倒装。‎ ‎2. It might have saved me some trouble ______ the schedule. (2015江苏)‎ ‎ A. did I know B. have I known C. do I know D. had I known ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】由语境可知，主、从句都表示与过去事实相反，故从句用过去完成时；从句省略了连词if，谓语用倒装。‎ ‎3. ________ the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting. （2014天津）‎ A. Did he catch B. Should he catch C. Has he caught D. Had he caught ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】由语境可知，主、从句都表示与过去事实相反，故从句用过去完成时。‎ 从句省略了连词if，谓语用倒装。‎ ‎4. ________ no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world. （2014福建）‎ ‎ A. Were there B. Had there been C. If there are D. If there have been ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 巩固练习 ‎1. If I _______ it with my own eyes, I wouldn’t have believed it. ‎ A. didn’t see B. weren’t seeing C. wouldn’t see D. hadn’t seen ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】由语境可知，主、从句都表示与过去事实相反，故从句用过去完成时。‎ ‎2. Had they known what was coming next, they ________ second thoughts. ‎ A. may have B. could have C. must have had D. might have had ‎ ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎ ‎3. — John went to the hospital alone.‎ ‎— If he _______ me about it, I would have gone with him.‎ A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】由主句谓语动词would have gone可知是与过去事实相反，条件从句应用过去完成时。‎ ‎4. This printer is of good quality. If it __________ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense. ‎ A. would B. should C. could D. might ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】if引导的条件状语从句表示与将来事实相反的假设，谓语动词应用“should +动词原形”。‎ ‎5. We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we ____ more places of interest yesterday.‎ ‎ A. visited B. had visited C. would visit D. would have visited ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】 otherwise这个副词暗含虚拟语气，相当于说if we had not lost our way in that ‎ village，表示与过去事实的相反假设，后面的句子要用would have done。‎ ‎6. Where are the children? The dinner’s going to be completed and I wish they ______ always late. ‎ ‎ A. weren’t B. hadn’t been C. wouldn’t be D. wouldn’t have been ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】由语境可知，这里表示现在的情况。wish后的宾语从句用一般现在时表示与现在事实相反，用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反，故选A。‎ ‎7. Teachers recommend parents ____ their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.‎ A. not allow B. do not allow C. mustn’t allow D. couldn’t allow ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎ ‎8. George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he _______ more on its culture.‎ A. focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】would rather后面的从句要用虚拟语气。表示现在或将来的动作，用一般过去时；表示过去的动作，用过去完成时。‎ ‎9. I ______ through that bitter period without your generous help. ‎ ‎ A. couldn’t have gone B. didn’t go C. wouldn’t go D. hadn’t gone ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】由句意“没有你的慷慨相助，我不可能熬过那段艰苦岁月。”可知，该句表示与过去事实相反，故选A。without your generous help相当于一个条件状语从句if it had not been for your generous help。‎ ‎10. Maybe if I ______ science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you some help. ‎ ‎ A. studied B. would study C. had studied D. was studying ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】这是一个交错条件句。主句表示与现在事实相反，由从句中的时间状语then可知，从句表示与过去事实相反，应用过去完成时。‎ ‎11. — The weather has been very hot and dry.‎ ‎ — Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables ______.‎ ‎ A. wouldn’t die B. didn’t die C. hadn’t died D. wouldn’t have died ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎ ‎12. —Do you think George has passed the driving test?‎ ‎—No. If so, he _____his car to our college yesterday.‎ A. would drive B. drove C. would have driven D. had driven ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】 if so相当于if he had passed the driving test，表示与过去事实相反，主句应用would have done。‎ ‎13 . My mom suggests that we _____ eat out for a change this weekend.‎ ‎ A. should B. might C. could D. would ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】suggest表示“建议”时，后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。用“should+动词原形”。‎ ‎14. Sorry, I am too busy now. If I _____ time, I would certainly go for an outing with you. ‎ A. have had B. had had C. have D. had ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】由语境可知，主、从句都表示与现在事实相反，故从句用一般过去时。‎ ‎15. —It rained cats and dogs this morning. I’m glad we took an umbrella. ‎ ‎— Yeah, we would have got wet all over if we ______. ‎ A. hadn’t B. haven't C. didn't D. don't ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】由语境可知，主、从句都表示与过去事实相反，故从句用过去完成时。Hadn’t是hadn’t taken的省略。‎ ‎16. I wish I ______ at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then. ‎ A. will be B. would be C. have been D. had been ‎ ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎ ‎17. If he ______ my advice, he wouldn’t have lost his job. ‎ ‎ A. followed B. should follow C. had followed D. would follow ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】由主句动词形式wouldn’t have lost可知，这里表示与过去事实相反，从句应用过去完成时。‎ ‎18. The doctor recommended that you __________ swim after eating a large meal. ‎ A. wouldn’t B. couldn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】recommend后面的宾语从句要用“should+动词原形”这一虚拟语气形式，其中should可以省略。‎ ‎19. But for their help, we __________ the program in time.‎ A. can not finish B. will not finish C. had not finished D. could not have finished ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】But for their help相当于一个表示与过去事实相反的条件从句If it had not been for their help，故应用could have done。‎ ‎20. If we _______ the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting. ‎ A. take B. had taken C. took D. have taken ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】由主句动词形式might have arrived 可知，这里表示与过去事实相反，从句应用过去完成时。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎