专题18+时态和语态（三）-2019年高考英语语法词汇与情景交际钻石考点提分秘籍 8页

‎ ‎ 考点六 过去完成时 ‎1. 表示 “过去的过去”，即两个过去的动作相比较，发生在前的就用过去完成时，发生在后的就用一般过去时。‎ ‎1. In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones _______ yet. ‎ ‎（2017北京）‎ A. haven’t invented B. haven’t been invented B. hadn’t invented D. hadn’t been invented ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2. When walking down the street, I came across David, who I _________ for years. （2016天津） A. didn’t see B. haven’t seen C. hadn’t seen D. wouldn’t see 【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】see的动作发生在came across之前，应用过去完成时。‎ ‎3. — Did you have difficulty finding Ann’s house? （2015北京）‎ ‎ — Not really. She _______ us clear directions and we were able to find it easily.‎ ‎ A. was to give B. had given C. was giving D. would give ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】give的动作发生在find之前，故用过去完成时。‎ ‎4. Just as I got to the school gate, I realized I ______ my book in the cafe. (2015安徽)‎ A. have left B. had left C. would leave D. was leaving ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】leave的动作发生在realized之前，应用过去完成时。‎ ‎5. I found the lecture hard to follow because it ______ when I arrived. (2014北京)‎ ‎ A. started B. was starting C. would start D. had started ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎【解析】start的动作发生在arrived之前，故用过去完成时。‎ ‎2. 过去完成时还可以和in/over/for the past … years 或for，since引起的时间状语连用，表示过去某一时间 的动作或状态持续到过去另一时间。‎ ‎1. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who ______ in the mountains for two days. （2018北京）‎ A. are trapping B. have been trapped C. were trapping D. had been trapped ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎【解析】叙述过去的事情，且trap的动作发生在risked之前，再由时间状语for two days可知，应用过去完成时。‎ ‎2. I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan ____ in the past two years. (2018江苏) A. had been carried out B. would be carried out C. is being carried out D. has been carried out ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3. When walking down the street, I came across David, whom I _____ for years. (2016天津)‎ ‎ A. didn’t see B. haven’t seen C. hadn’t seen D. wouldn’t see ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】叙述过去的事情，且see的动作发生在came之前，再由时间状语for years可知，应用过去完成时。‎ ‎3. 在“by+过去时间”作状语的句子里，多用过去完成时。‎ By the time Jack returned home from England, his son from college. (2011辽宁)‎ A. graduated B. has graduated C. had been graduating D. had graduated ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎【解析】由时间状语by the time Jack returned home from England可知，应用过去完成时。‎ ‎4. 在“hardly…when…(刚……就……), no sooner…than…(刚……就……)”结构中，主句谓语动词用过去完 成时（且用倒装语序）。‎ ‎1. Hardly ______ the stadium in a rush when the newly-elected mayor finished his speech. (2012全国)‎ A. we have reached B. have we reached C. had we reached D we had reached ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】在“hardly…when…(刚……就……)”结构中，主句谓语动词用过去完成时（且用倒装语序）。‎ ‎2. — Did Linda see the traffic accident?‎ ‎— No, no sooner __________ than it happened. （2006天津）‎ A. had she gone B. she had gone C. has she gone D. she has gone ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎【解析】在no sooner…than…(刚……就……)”结构中，主句谓语动词用过去完成时（且用倒装语序）。‎ ‎5. 在“This/That/It was the first/second/third…time + （that）…”句型中，从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。‎ It was the third time that the boy _________ late. So his teacher got very angry.‎ A. have been B. was C. had been D. was being ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】在“This/That/It was the first/second/third…time + （that）…”句型中，从句的谓语动词 用过去完成时。‎ ‎ 考点七 一般将来时和过去将来时 ‎1. 一般将来时表示即将发生的事情。‎ ‎1. The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts______ with success in ‎ the end. ‎ ‎（2016北京）‎ A. rewarded B. were rewarded C. will reward D. will be rewarded ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2. More efforts, as reported, ______in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform. ‎ ‎（2016江苏） A. are made B. will be made C. are being made D. have been made ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎【解析】由in the years ahead可知，应用一般将来时；efforts与make之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。‎ ‎3. — Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment.‎ ‎ — All right. I ______ him later. （2015北京）‎ A. will call B. have called C. call D. will be calling ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎【解析】由语境及时间状语later可知，应用一般将来时。‎ ‎4. It is reported that a space station ______ on the moon in years to come. (2015安徽)‎ A. will be building B. will be built C. has been building D. has been built ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】根据in years to come可知，应用一般将来时。‎ ‎5.— What time is it?‎ ‎ — I have no idea. But just a minute, I ______ it for you. （ 2014北京）‎ A. check B. checked C. will check D. would check ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】由语境可知，应用一般将来时。‎ ‎2. 在“祈使句+and+陈述句”句型，陈述句常用一般将来时。‎ ‎ Close the door of fear behind you, and you _____ the door of faith open before you. (2012‎ 湖南)‎ A. saw B. have seen C. will see D. are seeing ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】这里是“祈使句+and+陈述句”句型，陈述句用一般将来时。‎ ‎3. 过去将来时表示从过去某一时间看即将发生的动作或存在的状态。‎ ‎1. —Oh dear, you are all wet. (2012北京)‎ ‎—I didn’t bring my umbrella. The weather report said it ______ sunny.‎ A. is B. would be C. will be D had been ‎ ‎ ‎2. Did you predict that many students ______ up for the dance competition? (2011上海)‎ A. would sign B. signed C. have signed D. had signed ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎【解析】预测肯定是预测将来，主句谓语动词是一般过去时，故从句应用过去将来时。‎ ‎4. be going to do, be to do, be about to do也可以表示将来的动作。‎ ‎1. At college, Barack Obama didn’t know that he ________ the first black president of the United States of America. (2015陕西)‎ ‎ A. was to become B. becomes C. is to become D. became ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2. The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune ______. (2010 全国I)‎ A. is made B. would make C. was to be made D. had made ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】was to be made表示过去将来。‎ ‎3. When he __________ the door, he found his keys were nowhere. (2009湖南)‎ A. would open B. opened C. had opened D. was to open ‎ ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎【解析】句意：他正要开门的时候，却到处找不到钥匙。was to open the door 表示过去将来，意为“正要开门”。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 巩固练习：‎ ‎1. By the time you have finished this book, your meal ______ cold. ‎ ‎ A. gets B. has got C. will get D. is getting ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】by the time引导的状语从句用现在完成时表示将来完成，故主句用一般将来时。‎ ‎2. —Do you think Mom and Dad ______ late?‎ ‎ —No. Swiss air is usually on time.‎ ‎ A. were B. will be C. would be D. have been ‎ ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】由语境可知，这里表示将来的动作，应用一般将来时。‎ ‎3. Experiments of this kind ______ both by the US and Europe well before the Second World War. ‎ ‎ A. have conducted B. have been conducted C. had conducted D. had been conducted ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎4. — What do you think of store shopping in the future?‎ ‎—Personally, I think it will exist along with home shopping but _____. ‎ A. will never replace B. would never replace C. will never be replaced D. would never be replaced ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】but连接两个并列句，都表示将来，且表示被动，故用一般将来时的被动语态。‎ ‎5. He was unhappy when he sold his guitar. After all, he ____if for a very long time.‎ A. has had. B. had had C. has D. had ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】have的动作发生在sell之前，故用过去完成时。‎ ‎6. I'm tired out. I ______ all afternoon and I don't seem to have finished anything. ‎ ‎ A. shopped B. have shopped C. had shopped D. have been shopping ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎【解析】由语境可知，一个下午都在买东西，而且还没买完，还在买，故用现在完成进行时表示从过去到现在一直持续的动作。‎ ‎7. In the near future, more advances in the robot technology _______ by science. ‎ A. are making B. are made C. will make D. will be made ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎【解析】由时间状语in the near future可知，应用一般将来时；再由by since可知，应用 被动语态。‎ ‎8. We are confident that the environment ______by our further efforts to reduce pollution.‎ A. had been improved B. will be improved C. is improved D. was improved ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎ ‎9. He __________ more than 5,000 English words when he entered the university at the age of 15. ‎ A. has learned B. would have learned C. learned D. had learned ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎【解析】主句谓语动词的动作发生在从句动作之前，故用过去完成时。‎ ‎10. If their marketing plans succeed, they __________ their sales by 20 percent. ‎ ‎ A. will increase B. have been increasing ‎ C. have increased D. would be increasing ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎【解析】从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎