云南临沧市2018高考英语语法填空类阅读练习及答案：词侧重时态和语态A 10页

云南临沧市2018高考英语语法填空类阅读练习及答案：词侧重时态和语态A 高考语法填空：侧重时态和语态A （1） 时态与语态 A. 时态的定义 要了解英语中的时态需思考三个问题：1）英语中有没有时态2）英语如何体现时态 3）汉语中有没有时态 下面我们通过三句话来解决这三个问题 a. 我买了一本书。‎ b. I buy a book today.‎ c. I bought a book yesterday.‎ 因此英语的时态是通过动词的形式和时间来体现的，即，所谓时态就是在不同的时间发生动作或存在状态但用动词的不同形式来表达。‎ B. 时态的种类 英语时态可分为三大类 一般时 进行时 完成时 一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 一般过去时 过去进行时 现在完成进行时 一般将来时 将来进行时 过去完成时 过去将来时 将来完成时 高考中常考4中时态：一般现在时，一般过去时，现在完成时，过去完成时 A. 具体时态的讲解（从时间和动词形式的角度）‎ A. ‎）一般现在时 1） 时间：现在 2） 动词：do/does 3） 用法:注意真理和客观事实，例如：‎ The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.‎ B. ‎）一般过去时 1） 时间：过去 2） 动词：did 3） 用法：已发生，但与现在无关，例如：‎ He bought a book yesterday.（是昨天买的，但今天有没有买不知道）‎ C. ‎）一般将来时与过去将来时 1） 时间：都发生在将来（区分两个将来）‎ 一般将来时是相对于现在的将来，过去将来时是相对于过去的将来，对比：‎ He says that he will go to America next year.‎ He said that he would go to America next year.‎ 2） 动词：will do/would do 3） 用法:还未发生。‎ 注意“主将从现”的特殊用法 在时间状语从句和条件中语从句中可使用“主将从现”，即主语用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。例如：‎ If you go to the part tomorrow, you will have a good time.‎ A. ‎）进行时 1) 时间：时间点（具体的时间点或抽象的时间点）‎ He was doing his work at 8:00 yesterday morning.(具体时间点)‎ He was waiting his friends in the airport when I arrived at his home.（抽象时间点）‎ 2) 动词：be+doing 现在进行时：is/am/are doing 过去进行时：was/were doing 将来进行时：will be doing 3) 用法:正在做或未完成 B. ‎）现在完成时 1） 时间：过去持续到现在或过去动作对现在造成影响 注意：a.持续不可中断：He lived in Beijing for 3 years, but now he lives in Shanghai.‎ ‎ b.延续性动词与瞬间动词的转化：He has kept the book for 3 years.(本句中不能用has bought)‎ 2） 动词：have/has + done 3） 用法:动作过去发生但与现在有关 4） 句型：a. Sine +时间点 ‎ b. For +时间段 ‎ c. 主句+sine从句（主语用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时）‎ ‎ d. It is/have been+时间+sine从句（从句用一般过去时）‎ ‎ e. It is +次数+(that)从句（从句用一般过去时）‎ 1） 标志词：so far, recently, in the past/last+时间 例如：My hometown has changed a lot in the past five years.‎ A. ‎）过去完成时 1） 时间：过去的过去 2） 动词：had + done When I arrived at the station, the train had left.‎ It was+次数+（that）+从句（从句用过去完成时）‎ G.）几种易混时态的辨析 ‎1）．一般现在时与现在进行时 ‎(1)一般现在时主要用于习惯性或经常性动作，常伴随使用usually，often，seldom等频度副词；现在进行时主要用于表示目前或现阶段正在进行的动作或状态，常跟now，at present等时间状语。‎ He usually writes a lot of letters，but he isn't writing at present.‎ 他经常写许多信，但他现在没在写。‎ ‎(2)表示客观事实或普遍真理时，要用一般现在时，不能用现在进行时。‎ The Earth goes around the Sun.‎ 地球绕着太阳转。‎ ‎2）．一般过去时与过去进行时 ‎(1)一般过去时表示一个完成的动作，而过去进行时表示过去某一阶段正在进行的动作。‎ I was reading a novel last night.‎ 昨晚我在看小说(可能没看完)。‎ I read a novel last night.‎ 我昨晚看了一本小说(已经看完了)。‎ ‎(2)一般过去时用于表示一个单纯动作，过去进行时用于表示过去一段时间反复做的动作。‎ Did he ask questions?‎ 他提问题了吗？‎ He was asking questions all the time.‎ 他始终在提问题。‎ ‎(3)一般过去时表示过去某个时刻发生的动作(侧重说明事实)，过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间发生的动作(强调在这一过程中所进行的动作或展开的情景)。‎ He drew a picture yesterday afternoon.‎ 他昨天下午画了一张画(昨天下午他做了这么一件事)。‎ He was drawing a picture yesterday afternoon.‎ 他昨天下午在画一张画(昨天下午他一直在画画，没干别的事)。‎ ‎(3)一般过去时表示过去某个时刻发生的动作(侧重说明事实)，过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间发生的动作(强调在这一过程中所进行的动作或展开的情景)。‎ He drew a picture yesterday afternoon.‎ 他昨天下午画了一张画(昨天下午他做了这么一件事)。‎ He was drawing a picture yesterday afternoon.‎ 他昨天下午在画一张画(昨天下午他一直在画画，没干别的事)。‎ ‎3）．现在完成时与一般过去时 ‎(1)两者都表示发生在过去的动作。但现在完成时表示过去动作与现在的关系，主要说明现在的情况；一般过去时强调动作发生在过去某一时间，与现在不发生联系。例如：‎ They've gone to Paris.‎ 他们到巴黎去了(说明他们现在去巴黎了，不在这里)。‎ They went to Paris.‎ 他们去过巴黎(只说明去过，不表明是否现在仍在那里)。‎ ‎(2)现在完成时表示从过去发生到现在一段时间内的任何时间，可与so far，up to now，lately，ever since等表示包括现在一段时间的状语连用，但不能和表示过去时间的状语连用；一般过去时表示的是过去某一特定时间或与现在无关的某一过去时间。‎ I haven't seen the film yet.‎ 我还没看过这部影片(到目前为止)。‎ I saw the film the day before yesterday.‎ 我前天看的这部电影(表明看电影的时间是在前天)。‎ ‎4）．过去完成时与一般过去时 ‎(1)一般过去时通常与具体过去时间状语连用；即使没有时间状语，根据具体的语言环境，我们也可以作出明确的判断。‎ ‎(2)过去完成时是一种相对的时态，表示在过去某时刻之前发生。时间参照点与一般过去时不同，一般过去时是对现在说话时刻而言，过去完成时则是与过去某一时刻而言的，即“过去的过去”。‎ ‎5．一般将来时与将来进行时 一般将来时表示对“现在时刻”来说，将要发生的动作或将要存在的状态；而将来进行时表示将来的某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。‎ She is sixteen，who will be seventeen next year.‎ 她十六岁，明年将十七岁。‎ What will you be doing at this time next Monday?‎ 下周一这时候你将会在做什么呢？‎ ‎5）．一般将来时与将来进行时 一般将来时表示对“现在时刻”来说，将要发生的动作或将要存在的状态；而将来进行时表示将来的某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。‎ She is sixteen，who will be seventeen next year.‎ 她十六岁，明年将十七岁。‎ What will you be doing at this time next Monday?‎ 下周一这时候你将会在做什么呢？‎ ‎(2)现在完成进行时往往表示动作在重复，现在完成时则常常不带重复性。如：‎ Have you been meeting her lately？(经常相见)‎ Have you met her lately？(不重复发生)‎ ‎(3)现在完成进行时比较生动，有时含有明显的感情色彩；而现在完成时往往只说明一个事实、一种影响或结果，平铺直叙，没有什么感情色彩可言。如：‎ Recently Mary has been doing her homework regularly.(显然是在表扬玛丽)‎ Recently Mary has done her homework regularly.(只说明一个事实)‎ 语法填空泛练题 语法填空。（2018高考选练题）‎ When Jack was a small boy,he was once asked to give a speech about “A Big Challenge in My Life”.He was 1.(terrible) shy the moment he thought of so many eyes 2.　　　　　　(stare)at him.He had no other 3.　　　　　　(choose),though.First Jack was to draft the speech,which was just a piece of cake for him because he was a good writer.But the hard part 4.　　　　　(lie)in his oral presentation,for it was not allowed to read from the paper.He had to give the speech 5.　　　　　 his memory and in front of such a big audience! ‎ A real trial began when Jack stood on the platform with his legs trembling and his mind blank.How much time had passed by,he didn’t know.His listeners were still waiting patiently and without any signs of laughing.Gradually he found himself back,6.　　　　　　　(give)out his speech without much difficulty.After what seemed to be a hundred years,he found the audience applauding.He made 7.!From then on,his fear of talking before an audience disappeared.Actually with his confidence 8.　　　　　(build) up,Jack now turns out to be a great speaker.As we know,the greater difficulty we meet on our way to 9.　　　　　　　　(succeed),the 10.　　　　　 likely we will be to achieve our goals. ‎ ‎【解题导语】本文为记叙文。描述了一个小男孩克服羞怯,鼓足勇气,在众人面前演讲的故事。‎ ‎1.terribly　考查副词。修饰形容词shy应该用副词。‎ ‎2.staring　考查非谓语动词。此处用动词-ing形式做thought of 的宾语,so many eyes是其逻辑主语。‎ ‎3.choice　考查名词。分析句子结构可知此处需要名词做had的宾语。choose的名词是choice。‎ ‎4.lay　考查动词的时态。整篇短文叙述过去的经历,用一般过去时态。lie的过去式是lay。‎ ‎5.from　考查介词。演讲时不许看稿,只好凭记忆去说了。from one’s memory意为“凭借记忆”。‎ ‎6.giving　考查非谓语动词。由于give和he之间是主动关系,故用动词-ing形式做状语。‎ ‎7.it　考查代词。根据he found the audience applauding可知杰克成功了。make it意为“成功做到”。‎ ‎8.built　考查非谓语动词。此处为with复合结构做状语,confidence与build之间为动宾关系,所以用过去分词做宾语补足语。‎ ‎9.success　考查名词。此处需要名词做介词to的宾语,而且success为不可数名词。‎ ‎10.more　考查形容词。分析句式结构可知此处为the more...the more...“越……越……”句式,所以填more。‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。 ‎ ‎【2016高考训练】‎ For several years, Americans have enjoyed tele-shopping—watching TV and buying things by phone. Now tele-shopping is starting in Europe (欧洲). In a number of European countries, people can turn on their TVs and shop for clothes, jewelry, food, toys, and many other things. Tele-shopping is becoming popular in Sweden, for example. The biggest Swedish company sells different kinds of things on TV in 15 European countries, and in one year it made ＄100 million. In France there are two tele-shopping channels, and the French spend about ＄20 million a year to buy things through these channels. In Germany, until last year tele-shopping was only possible on one channel for 1 hour every day. Then the government allowed(允许) more tele-shopping. Other channels can open for tele-business, including(包括) the largest American tele-shopping company and a 24 hour tele-shopping company. German businessmen are hoping this new tele-shopping will help them sell more things. Some people like tele-shopping because it allows them to do their shopping without leaving their homes. With all the problems of traffic in the cities, this is an important reason. But at the same time, other Europeans do not like this new way of shopping. They call tele-shopping “junk (垃圾) on the air”. Many Europeans usually worry about the quality (质量) of the things for sale on TV. Good quality is important to them, and they believe they cannot be sure about the quality of the things on TV. The need for high quality means that European tele-shopping companies will have to be different from the American companies. They will have to be more careful about the quality of the ‎ things they sell. They will also have to work harder to sell things that the buyers cannot touch or see in person.‎ ‎1. People like tele-shopping because it is __________.‎ A. American B. cheaper C. easier D. more popular ‎2. Some Europeans don’t like tele-shopping because they __________‎ A. don’t like to buy things ‎ B. don’t watch TV C. believe the things sold on TV are expensive ‎ D. think the things sold on TV are bad quality ‎3. In Germany, tele-shopping may __________‎ A. help businessmen get more money ‎ B. keep the shops open longer C. have fewer buyers ‎ D. bring better TV programmes ‎4. The best title of this passage is __________‎ A. American Tele-shopping B. Tele-shopping Companies C. Tele-shopping in Europe D. Tele-shopping—Junk on the Air ‎ 参考答案1—4、CDAC ‎