专题02 必修1Unit3-Unit5高频词汇分类解读-2018年高考英语备考中等生百日捷进提升系列 32页

‎ 2018年高考英语备考中等生百日捷进提升系列之英语 永升英语工作室 根据中等生基础知识不牢固的特点，将基础知识以2--3个单元为一讲，突出常考单词的背诵和用法区别。由于单选题退出大部分省份的英语试卷，所以这部分重点强调学练结合。集中识记常考的完形填空词汇；常考的阅读中出现的词汇；常考的书面表达中的句型。完形词汇重在词语的详细意思和词汇辨析；阅读词汇重在记住词义即可，但数量要大；书面表达句型重在在句子中背诵，力争背过的句子在话题中有高频的出现几率。这样可以大面积、迅速地提高成绩。聚焦少而精的知识，直接对接高考。‎ 练习重在做到有的放矢，基础练习以单词拼写、单词填空或短文填空为主。‎ 能力提升一定要由浅入深，让他们有成就感，迅速进入状态。句型复习采用翻译句子+背诵范文的方法。‎ 必修1 Unit3——Unit5‎ ‎ 词汇基础知识狂背：‎ I.常考的完形填空词汇及短语：（注意它们在完形中出现的几率极高，完形30分志在必得，现在开始狂背。）（1）词汇 ‎1．transport n. & vt. 运送；运输 transport sb./sth. to...把……运到……‎ means of transport交通工具 public transport公共交通 ‎(1) You will be transported to the resort by coach.游览车将把你们送到度假胜地。‎ ‎(2)The goods were transported by plane.货物用飞机运送。‎ ‎2．prefer vt. 更喜欢 preference n. 偏爱 prefer sth. 更喜欢某事物 prefer to do /doing sth. 更喜欢做某事 prefer (doing) sth. to (doing) sth.‎ ‎＝prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.‎ 宁愿做……而不做……/相比……更喜欢做……‎ prefer sb. to do sth. 宁愿某人做某事 ‎＝prefer that sb. (should) do sth.‎ ‎(1)I prefer to walk(＝walking) there.我宁愿步行去那儿。‎ ‎(2)He said he preferred the country to the city.‎ 他说城市和乡村相比，他更喜欢乡村。‎ ‎(3)She prefers dancing to singing.‎ 跳舞和唱歌相比，她更喜欢跳舞。‎ ‎ (4)The soldier preferred to die rather than give in.这位战士宁死不屈。‎ ‎(5)I'd prefer you not to go there alone.‎ 我倒希望你不要单独去那儿。‎ ‎(6)We prefer that they (should) do it in a different way.我们倒希望他们用一种不同的方法去做。 ‎ 提示：1.prefer 是“更喜欢”的意思，即 like better, 因此 prefer 不能再与 better, more 等比较级词语连用。‎ prefer 的过去式、过去分词、现在分词要双写字母r，然后加－ed或－ing。‎ ‎3．persuade vt. 劝说；说服 persuasion n. 说服；信服；信念 persuasive adj. 有说服力的；令人信服的 persuade sb. to do sth.＝persuade sb. into doing sth.‎ 说服某人做某事 persuade sb. not to do sth.＝persuade sb. out of doing sth.‎ 说服某人不做某事 ‎ try to persuade sb. to do sth.＝advise sb. to do sth.‎ 尽力劝说某人做某事(但未必劝服)‎ persuade sb. of sth. 使某人相信……‎ persuade sb.＋that 从句　使某人相信……‎ ‎(1)I have never persuaded him into taking ‎ others' advice.我从没说服过他听从别人的劝告。‎ ‎(2)She tried to persuade him to change his mind.‎ 她试图劝他改变主意。‎ ‎(3)How can I persuade you of my sincerity?‎ ‎＝How can I persuade you that I am sincere?‎ 我怎样才能使你相信我的诚意呢？‎ 比较：persuade/advise ‎(1)advise 表示“劝告”的动作，不看结果，而 persuade 强调“已经说服”； advise 可接动词的－ing ‎ 形式做宾语，也可接 that 引导的宾语从句(必须用虚拟语气 “should＋动词原形”)，而 persuade 不能。‎ ‎(2)persuade 还有“使人相信”的意思，搭配 persuade sb. of sth. 和 that 从句，而 advise 无此用法。‎ ‎4．determine vt.&vi. 决定；确定；(使)下定决心 determined adj. 坚决的；有决心的 determination n. 决心 determine＋n./pron. 决(确)定某事 determine on/upon... 决定……‎ determine to do sth. 决定做某事(表示动作，非延续性 动词短语)‎ be determined to do sth. 决心做某事(表示状态，可与 表示时间段的状语连用)‎ determine sb. to do sth. 使某人下决心做某事 determine that/be determined that... 决心/定做某事 ‎(1)Income determines one's standard of living.‎ 收入决定一个人的生活水平。‎ ‎(2)I have determined on/upon going to the countryside after graduation. 我已决定毕业后到农村去。‎ ‎(3)He firmly determined to rise in the world whatever it took.他下定决心无论如何都要出人头地。‎ ‎(4)She determined that she would never see ‎ him again.‎ 她下决心再也不要见到他。‎ ‎(5)We are determined to catch up with them in a month.我们下定决心一个月内赶上他们。‎ ‎(6)The teacher's encouraging words ‎ determined him to work hard. ‎ 老师鼓舞的话使他决心努力学习。 ‎ ‎5．attitude n. 态度；看法 ‎(1)What's your attitude to the plan?‎ 你对此计划看法如何？‎ ‎(2)It's not his work that bothers me; it's his attitude.‎ 困扰我的不是他的工作，而是他的态度。‎ 提示：attitude “态度；看法”，常与介词 to/towards 连用。have a．..attitude to/towards...‎ ‎ “对……有……的态度”。‎ ‎6．burst vi. (burst, burst) 爆裂；爆发 n. 突然破裂；爆发 burst out 迸发；突然发作；突然……起来 burst into 闯入；突然出现；突然……起来；突然发作 burst into tears/songs/laughter/angry speech 突然哭/唱/笑/吵起来 burst out crying/singing/laughing 突然哭起来/唱起来/笑起来 burst in 闯入 burst with anger/grief/joy 勃然大怒/心痛欲绝/乐不可支 be bursting to do 渴望，急着要做(某事)‎ at a(one) burst 一阵；一口气；一举；一下 a burst of anger 怒火的迸发 ‎(1)She burst out crying for a while, and burst into laughter for another moment, which made us at a loss.她一会儿突然哭起来，一会儿又突然笑起来，这使我们一头雾水。‎ ‎(2)We all thought his heart would burst with happiness.‎ 我们都认为他心中的快乐快要爆发出来了。‎ ‎(3)The police burst in and arrested the gang.‎ 警察突然闯进来逮捕了那帮人。 ‎ ‎ (4)Tom is bursting to see his mother.‎ 汤姆急着要见他的妈妈。‎ ‎(5)There was a burst of laughter in the next room.隔壁房间里突然爆发出一阵笑声。‎ ‎7．ruin n. [U]毁坏；毁灭，崩溃[C](pl.) 废墟，遗迹 v. (使)破产，(使)堕落，毁灭 in ruins 成为废墟；破败不堪 be the ruin of 成为……毁灭(堕落)的原因 come/fall to ruin 毁灭，灭亡；崩溃；破坏掉 bring sb. to ruin 使某人失败；使倾家荡产 bring ruin upon oneself 自取灭亡 ruin oneself 自取灭亡 ruin one's health/fame 毁坏某人的健康/名誉 ‎(1)Drink was his father's ruin and it will be the ruin of him too.‎ 酗酒是他父亲失败的原因，他也将遭同样的厄运。‎ ‎(2)Years of fighting have left the area in ruins ‎.多年的战事已经使得这个地区满目疮痍。‎ ‎(3)A large number of churches fell to ruin after the revolution. 革命过后，许多教堂都毁了。‎ ‎(4)The heavy rain ruined our holiday.‎ 大雨把我们的假期彻底搞糟了。 ‎ ‎(5)If you go on like this, you'll ruin yourself.‎ 如果你继续这样下去，你会自己毁了自己。‎ ‎8．injure vt. 损害，伤害 injury n. 伤，伤口；伤害 injured adj. 受伤的，受委屈的 do an injury to sb.伤害某人 the injured伤员 an injured look/expression委屈的样子/表情 injured pride/feelings受到伤害的自尊/情感 ‎(1)The boy injured his leg.‎ 这个男孩把腿弄伤了。‎ ‎(2)Your remark may injure her pride.‎ 你的话也许会伤她的自尊。‎ ‎(3)I didn't mean to do her an injury.‎ 我并未打算伤害她。‎ ‎9．shock n. [U；C]打击；震惊；震动；休克 vt. 使震惊，使惊愕 be shocked at/by (doing) sth. 被震惊 be shocked to do sth. 惧怕做某事 It shocked sb. to see/hear...‎ 看见/听到……使某人震惊。‎ ‎(be) a shock to sb. 对某人来说是个打击 ‎(1)The news of his wife's death was a terrible shock to him.‎ 他妻子去世的消息对他打击太大了。‎ ‎(2)He was shocked at her smoking.‎ 看到她在吸烟，他很吃惊。‎ ‎(3)It shocked me to see how my neighbours treated their children.看到邻居们如何对待孩子，我感到震惊。‎ 提示：shocked adj. 感到惊奇的，惊讶的(主语多为人)‎ shocking adj. 令人气愤的，令人惊讶的(主语多为物)‎ ‎10．bury vt. 埋葬；掩埋；隐藏 bury oneself in study 埋头研究 bury oneself in (doing) sth. 专心致力于(做)某事 be buried in thoughts 沉思 bury one's face in one's hands 双手掩面 be buried alive 被活埋；隐居 ‎[即学即练5]　(1)He was sitting with his head buried in a book.他坐着埋头看书。‎ ‎(2)He walked slowly, his hands buried in his pockets.‎ 他走得很慢，两手插在衣袋里。‎ ‎(3)After the divorce, she buried herself in her work.离婚后，她埋头于工作。‎ 提示：表示“专心于，致力于”意义的短语还有：be devoted to, be addicted to, be absorbed in等。‎ ‎11．judge v. 断定；判断；判决 n. 裁判员；法官；评判员 judgement n. 判断，审判，意见，判断力 judging by/from 从……上看，根据……判断 judge sb./sth. from/by... 从……来判断 judge between right and wrong 判断是非 as far as I can judge 据我判断，我认为 in one's judgement 依某人看来，按某人的看法 ‎(1)Don't judge a book by its cover. ‎ 勿以貌取人。‎ ‎(2) Judging from/by his accent, he must be a southerner.‎ 根据他的口音判断，他一定是个南方人。‎ ‎(3)He was judged to be the best actor of this year.他被评为今年的最佳男演员。‎ ‎12．quality n. 质量；品质；性质，特征 quantity n. 数量 be of good/bad quality 好/坏的品质 be of high/poor quality 优/劣质 extra fine quality 特等 first－rate quality 一等 ‎(1)He has a watch of good quality.‎ 他有只质量好的手表。‎ ‎(2)One quality of wood is that it can burn.‎ 木材的一个特性是可以燃烧。‎ ‎(3)It's cheaper to buy goods in large quantities.‎ 购物的量大就便宜一些。‎ ‎13．devote vt. (与 to 连用)献身；专心于 devoted adj. 热爱的；忠诚的 devoteoneself time one's life money energy＋tosth.　　　　把……用在，‎ doing sth.　 把……献给 sb. be devoted to 专心致志于；忠于；很喜欢 a devoted friend 一位忠实的朋友 ‎ [即学即练2](1)She devoted her lifetime to helping homeless children.‎ 她把一生用来帮助无家可归的孩子。‎ ‎(2)His whole life has been devoted to studying the origin of cancer.他的一生都献给了对癌症起因的研究。‎ ‎(3)After he graduated, he continued to devote himself to research.毕业之后他继续致力于研究工作。‎ ‎14．equal vt. 等于；抵得上adj. 相等的；胜任的 n. 同等/相等的人或物 equality n. 平等 A equals B in...A在……方面比得上B be equal to＋n./doing sth. 等于；与……相等；有……的能力 ‎(勇气、力量等)；胜任，能干 be without equal/have no equal 无与伦比 ‎ [即学即练4](1)He equals me in strength but not in intelligence.他和我力气相当，但智力不同。‎ ‎(2)Are men equal to women in physical strength？在体力上男人和女人相同吗？‎ ‎(3)She did not feel equal to receiving visitors.‎ 她觉得自己不适合接待来客。‎ ‎(4)Yao Ming is a basketball player without equal in China.‎ 在中国，姚明是个无与伦比的篮球运动员。‎ ‎15．escape vi. 逃脱；逃走vt. 避免；免除 n．逃跑；逸出；出口 escape from 从……逃脱，逃走 escape＋n./doing sth. 避免(做)某事 a narrow/near escape死里逃生 fire escape太平梯，安全梯；安全出口 ‎ [即学即练5]　(1)The bird has escaped from ‎ its cage.‎ 小鸟已从笼中逃掉了。‎ ‎(2)Is the gas escaping somewhere?‎ 是不是有地方漏气？‎ ‎(3)How can we escape observation ‎/ being observed？‎ 我们怎样才不会被人发现？‎ ‎(4)His name escapes me for the moment.‎ 我一时想不起他的名字来。‎ ‎16．reward n. 报酬；奖金；vt. 酬劳，奖赏 rewarding adj. 报答的，有益的，值得的 as a reward for 作为(对某事的)报酬/奖赏 in reward of 为酬谢……；作为奖励 reward sb. for sth./doing sth. 为(做)某事而报答某人 reward sb. with sth. 用某物奖赏某人 ‎(1)It's a reward for virtue.‎ 那是对美德的回报。‎ ‎(2)I don't expect anything in reward； I did it because I enjoyed it.‎ 我不指望得到什么报答，我做这件事只是因为我喜欢干。‎ ‎(3)They rewarded the boy with ￡5 for bringing back the lost dog.‎ 他们给了那个男孩五英镑，酬谢他把走失的狗送回来。‎ ‎（2）短语 ‎1．care about 关心，在乎 care about 关心，在乎，在意(多用于疑问或否定句)‎ care for 喜欢或喜好某人/物(多用于否定或疑问句)；照顾；照看 take care of (＝look after) 照顾 take care 当心；小心 with care 小心地 medical care 医疗服务 He doesn't care much about what happens to me.他不太关心我所发生的事。‎ ‎2．change one's mind 改变主意 make up one's mind 下定决心 call/bring sth. to mind 回忆起某事 lose one's mind 发疯 have a/no mind to do sth. 有/无意做某事 fix/keep one's mind upon/on ... 把注意力放在……‎ bear/keep... in mind 记住……‎ have...on one's mind 为某人操心/焦虑 have...in mind 打算；考虑 Since getting to know him better, I've changed my mind about him.更深入地了解了他以后，我改变了对他的看法。‎ 提示：在 change one's mind及 make up one's mind 短语中 mind 均为可数名词，有单复数形式变化。‎ ‎3．give in 屈服；投降；让步；上交 give in to sb. 对某人让步 give away 赠送；泄漏；出卖 give back 归还 give off 放出；散发出(液体、气体、气味、热量、能量、光、声音)‎ give out 分发；用完；消耗尽，筋疲力尽 give up 放弃，戒掉；停止；认输；把……送交 give over 移交 give way to 给……让路；屈服；被……征服 He has given in to our views finally.他最终顺从了我们的意见。‎ 提示：give in作“上交”讲时，是及物动词短语，代词做宾语时，要放在 give和 in之间，如：give them in；作“让步；投降”讲时，是不及物动词短语，后面接介词 to，如： give in to sb./sth.。‎ ‎4．right away立刻，马上 ‎(1)表示“立刻，马上”的短语 without delay/right now/immediately/at once/in no time/right off ‎(2)比较right away/right now right away“立刻，马上”，相当于at once, in no time。‎ right now“立即，马上；此时此刻”，后一意义比now的语气强，相当于at this very moment。‎ I want it to be sent right away.马上把它发出去。‎ ‎5．at an end 终止；结束 bring...to an end (使)结束，终止 come to an end 结束，终止 at the end of 在……尽头(末)‎ by the end of 到……末为止(常与完成时态连用)‎ in the end 最后，终于(后不加 of短语)‎ on end 一连，连续 to the end 到底 without end 没完没了 make ends meet 收支相抵 The year is at an end.这一年已到年终了。‎ ‎6．a (great) number of 许多；大量的 a large/great/good number of a great/good many a good few quite a few＋可数名词复数 many a more than one＋单数可数名词＋单数谓语动词 a great/good deal of a great/large amount of quite a little＋不可数名词 a lot/lots of a great/large quantity of large quantities of plenty of＋可数名词复数 或不可数名词 There are a great number of books in the shelves.‎ 提示：(1)a number of是“许多，大量”的意思，后接可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数。‎ the number of 是“……的数目”的意思，谓语动词用单数。‎ ‎(2)large quantities of ＋(pl.)/[U]做主语，谓语动词用复数。‎ large amounts of＋[U] n．做主语，谓语动词用复数。‎ ‎7．out of work 失业 out of business 破产；歇业 out of control 失控 out of repair 失修 out of order 有毛病 out of date 过时 out of one's reach 够不着 out of danger 脱险 out of question 毫无疑问 out of the question 不可能的 out of patience 失去耐心 out of temper 发脾气 out of mind 心不在焉 Out of sight,out of mind ‎8．in trouble 处在困难/麻烦中(表状态)‎ get (sb.) into/out of trouble ‎ 使(某人)陷入/摆脱困境(表动作)‎ ask/look for trouble 找麻烦 make trouble 闹事；捣乱 have trouble in doing sth. 做某事有麻烦 take the trouble to do sth. 不辞辛苦地做某事 put sb. to the trouble of doing sth.‎ 麻烦某人做某事 My friends always help me out when I am in trouble(有麻烦时)．‎ ‎9．lose heart (＝be discouraged) 气馁；灰心；泄气 lose one's heart to sth.‎ ‎(＝devote oneself to sth.) 把身心投入到……‎ lose one's heart to sb. (＝fall in love with sb.)喜欢……‎ It is said that the team lost the game simply because the team leader lost heart.‎ 据说这个队比赛输了就是因为队长丧失了信心。‎ 拓展：put one's heart into 把全部心思放在……‎ have sth. in one's heart 把……放在心上 have one's heart in sth. 对某事有兴趣 set one's heart on/upon sth. 渴望/热衷于某事　‎ learn...by heart 记住；背诵 take heart 振作精神，鼓起勇气 ‎10．turn to求助于；致力于 turn away拒绝，不准某人入内 turn around转身 turn down拒绝；调小 turn in上交 turn off关掉 turn on打开 turn out赶出；证明是，结果是 turn over翻身，翻转 turn up露面，出现；开大 Nobody seems to understand. I don’t know who to turn to.‎ 似乎没人懂这个，我不知道该向谁求助。‎ ‎11．set up 设立；建立 ‎(1)They set up a notice on the wall.‎ ‎(2)They set up a committee to investigate the matter.‎ ‎(3)Chinese athletes set up quite a few new world records in the 15th Asian Games.‎ 拓展：set about 开始做，着手 set aside 使分离；留出；拔出；不理会 set back 推迟，阻碍 set down 记下；写下；规定 set off 引起爆炸；动身出发；引起 set out 动身出发；开始；陈述；陈列 ‎（3）易混易错点拨 ‎1. fare/fee/charge/cost/price/expense ‎(1)fare 指交通费用。‎ ‎(2)fee 指给律师、医生等的费用或(考试)报名费，入会费等。‎ ‎(3)charge (可数或不可数)费用，索价；记账，赊账。‎ ‎(4)cost (可数或不可数)代价，价格，费用；(常复数)成本。‎ ‎(5)price 价格，价钱。‎ ‎(6)expense 支出，开支，费用；(常复数)经费，支出金额；(薪水外的)津贴。‎ ‎ [应用1]　(1)He can’t earn enough to cover his own living _____________.‎ 他挣的钱不够他自己的生活开销。‎ ‎(2)______ are going up.物价正在上涨。‎ ‎(3)After I gave the taxi ______ to the driver, I went to the office to pay my lawyer's ______.‎ 付了出租车费后，我去事务所付了律师费。‎ ‎ (4)She built the house without regard to ______.‎ 她盖这所房子根本不在乎花多少钱。‎ ‎(5)All goods are delivered free of ______.‎ 一切物品免费送货。‎ expenses Prices fare fees cost charge ‎ ‎2. finally/at last/ in the end ‎(1)finally 常用来表示顺序，引出最后一项内容，一般不带有感情色彩。‎ ‎(2)at last 暗含“等候或耽误很长时间之后才……”，带有浓厚的感情色彩，如不耐烦、不顺心、不如意等，而且语气很强烈。‎ ‎(3)in the end 表示经过许多变化、困难和捉摸不定的情况之后某事才发生，可以用来预示将来。‎ ‎ [应用2]　(1)____________！ Where the hell have you been?‎ 总算找到你了！你到底上哪儿去了？‎ ‎(2)After a long delay the performance _________ started.‎ 演出拖延很久，最后总算开始了。‎ ‎(3)_____________ they reached a place of safety.‎ 最后他们到达安全地带。‎ ‎3. view/scene/scenery/sight ‎(1)view常指在远处或高处从某个角度看到的 scenery 的一部分，还有“观点，看法”的意思。‎ ‎(2)scene 普通名词，指“一眼可浏览的风景”，不限于自然景色，也可指“现场”“场景”。‎ ‎(3)scenery 集合名词，指某地方的“整个风景”，是由多个 scene构成的景色。‎ ‎(4)sight 风景，名胜。用复数形式指人文景观。‎ ‎ [应用3](1)There were distressing(悲惨的)‎ ‎_________when the earthquake struck the city.‎ ‎(2)On the top of the mountain you'll get a good______of the city.‎ ‎(3)Switzerland is well－known for its impressive mountainous_______________.‎ ‎(4)Look! What a beautiful_________of the sunset!‎ scenes view scenery或 sights sight ‎4. ruin/destroy/damage ‎(1)ruin n. & vt. 表示破坏严重，强调渐渐毁坏了，多指不属于人为因素毁坏某事物，而是自然现象或客观原因改变。有“(使)破产，(使)毁灭”等意思。‎ ‎(2)destroy vt. 指彻底毁坏，以致不能修复，常作“破坏，毁灭”解，还有“打破(希望、计划)”之意。‎ ‎(3)damage n．&v. 表示使事物在价值、效用、外观等方面受到毁坏、损害，即部分受损，程度比 destroy 轻。‎ ‎ [应用1]　(1)The car was only slightly __________ in the accident.‎ 这辆车在事故中只受到轻微的损坏。‎ ‎(2)That will _________ the reputation of our products.‎ 那会毁了我们产品的声誉。‎ ‎(3)The crops are nearly ______ by the continuous rain.‎ 连续不断的雨水几乎毁坏了这些农作物。‎ damaged destroy ruined ‎5. injure/wound/hurt/harm injure 一般指由于意外或事故而造成伤害，也可以表示损害名誉、伤害感情等。‎ wound 指枪伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉之伤，是出血的、严重的伤，特指战场上受伤。‎ hurt 是一般用语，指肉体或精神上的伤害，常伴有强烈的疼痛感；还可表示“疼、痛”。‎ harm 用于肉体或精神上的伤害均可。有时可指引起不安或不便。还可用于抽象事物，尤其是指不道德的事情。‎ ‎ [应用2]　(1)The robber ___________ him with a knife.‎ 那强盗用刀刺伤了他。‎ ‎(2)These criticisms have ___________ his pride deeply.‎ 这些批评使他的自尊心深深地受到了伤害。‎ ‎(3)Two people have been badly ______ in the accident.‎ 有两个人在这次事故中严重受伤了。‎ ‎(4)Don't ______ your eyes by reading in dim light.‎ 不要在昏暗的灯光下看书，以免损伤眼睛。‎ wounded hurt/injured injured harm ‎6. reward/award/prize ‎(1)reward 指对某人的服务或工作等的报答，也指因帮助警察抓住罪犯或帮助失主找到东西而得到的奖金、酬金。‎ ‎(2)award 指为鼓励在工作中达到或完成所提出的要求或条件的人而进行的奖励，往往强调荣誉而不在乎奖品的多少。‎ ‎(3)prize多指在各类竞赛、竞争或抽奖中所赢得的“奖，奖品”。‎ ‎ [应用1]　(1)She received a medal as a ______ for her courage.她得到一枚奖章，作为对她勇敢的奖赏。‎ ‎(2)A ______ was given to the person who had the winning number.奖品给了那个获得中奖号码的人。‎ ‎(3)He won the ______ for the best student of the year.‎ 他获得本年度优秀学生奖。‎ reward prize award ‎ II.重点句型背诵 ‎1.ever since “从那以后”，句子要与现在完成时或现在完成进行时连用，类似的时间状语还有 so far, up till now, by now, recently, lately, since last month, in/for the past＋ 一段时间，since...ago等。‎ ‎①He came to England three years ago and has lived here ever since.‎ 他三年前来到英国，从那以后便一直住在这里。‎ ‎②I haven't seen her since ten years ago.自十年前至今，我没见过她。‎ ‎③We have completed half of the work so far.到目前为止，我们完成了一半的工作。‎ ‎④He hasn't written to me recently.他最近没给我写信。‎ ‎⑤The couple have been working very hard for/in the past (last) ten years.在最近的十年里这对夫妇一直努力工作。‎ ‎2.It is/was/has been＋时间段＋since...自从……已经多久了。‎ It will be/was＋时间段＋before...再有多长时间才……‎ 在 “It is/was＋时间段＋since...”句型中，若 since从句中的动词为延续性动词，句子意思要发生变化。‎ It is three years since he joined the army. 他参军3年了。‎ It is three years since he smoked.他戒烟3年了(不吸烟)。‎ be＋adj.＋to do在“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋不定式”结构中，不定式与主语在意义上是动宾关系，但要用主动形式表被动意义；如果不定式的动词是不及物的，要在不定式后边加介词。用于这种句式中的形容词常为：easy, difficult, heavy, hard, nice, bitter, dangerous, interesting, important, comfortable, pleasant, impossible 等。‎ ‎①The question is easy to answer.这问题容易回答。‎ ‎②That book is difficult to understand.那本书难懂。‎ ‎③The water in that river is not fit to drink.那条河中的水不宜饮用。‎ ‎④Harry Potter is pleasant to read.《哈利·波特》读起来让人感到愉快。‎ ‎⑤He is easy to get along with.他很容易相处。‎ 拓展：此句式还可以拓展为 “find/feel/think/believe＋宾语＋adj.＋to do”。例如：‎ I find English tongue twisters pleasant to learn.我觉得英语绕口令学起来很有意思。‎ ‎3.no matter ，作“不管”“无论”解，同 what/who/when/where/how 等疑问词连用，引导让步状语从句。‎ ‎①No matter what he says, I won't believe him.不管他说什么，我都不会相信他。‎ ‎②No matter when you come, you are welcome.无论你什么时候来都受欢迎。‎ ‎③No matter whose bag this is, it must be kept here for the present. 不管这是谁的包，暂时必须放在这里。‎ ‎④No matter who knocks, don't open the door.不管谁敲门，都不要开门。‎ 提示：(1)no matter what/who/when/how/where 可以换成 whatever/whoever/whenever/however/wherever 引导让步状语从句。‎ ‎(2)whatever, whichever，whoever, whomever 还可以引导名词性从句。 Whoever breaks the law should be punished. 任何违犯了法律的人都应受到惩罚。‎ ‎ (3)however 是副词，修饰形容词、副词＋主＋谓； whatever 是代词，修饰的是名词。如：‎ ‎①However difficult it is, you must work it out.不管有多难，你都要解决这件事。‎ ‎②Whatever difficulty there is, we must work together.不管有什么样的困难我们都要团结合作。‎ ‎4.It seems (to sb.) that... (对某人来说)似乎……‎ ‎＝Sb. seems to do/to be doing/to have done...‎ It seems as if/though... “似乎(好像)……”，可接虚拟语气。‎ seem＋(to be)＋n./adj. 似乎是……‎ There seems to be... 好像有……‎ It seems so. (＝So it seems.) 似乎是那样。‎ ‎①It seemed that he had known the truth.＝He seemed to have known the truth. 他好像知道了真相。‎ ‎②His father seems (to be) strict.他父亲似乎很严厉。‎ ‎③There seemed to be a voice in the distance.似乎远处有人说话。‎ ‎④It always seemed as though everything in my childhood had just happened.我童年的一切仿佛刚刚发生一样。‎ 辨析：seem/look/appear ‎(1)seem 暗含有一定的根据，往往是接近实际的判断，后可接介词、形容词、不定式或从句。‎ ‎(2)look 着重由视觉而得出的印象，可与 like连用，但不能与不定式连用。可接 as if从句，不接 that从句。‎ ‎(3)appear 强调外表给人的印象，而且事实往往并非如此。可接 that从句，不接 as if从句。‎ ‎5.too...to... 句型表示“太……以至于不能……(表否定)”，可转化为 not...enough to...和 so...that...。‎ The child is too young to dress himself.‎ The child is not old enough to dress himself.‎ The child is so young that he can't dress himself.‎ 这孩子太小，不能够自己穿衣。‎ 提示：(1)当 too后接 easy, ready, happy, willing, eager 或 anxious时，to 后的动词表示肯定。例如：‎ The book is too easy to understand.这本书太容易理解了。‎ He was too anxious to leave.他急于离开。‎ ‎(2)too...not to... 句式表示肯定意思。例如：‎ He is too careful not to have noticed it.他那么细心，不会不注意到这一点的。‎ ‎ (3)too...to...中 too前面用了否定词(如 never)时，表示肯定。例如：‎ It is never too late to mend.改过不嫌晚。‎ ‎(4)only too...to...表示肯定，其中 too后的形容词多数是表示某种心情的，如 glad, pleased, willing, thankful, delighted, determined 等，也有描绘性的形容词，如 good, kind, true等。例如：‎ The girl is only too kind to help us.这姑娘非常乐于帮助我们。‎ ‎6.部分否定。all, both, each, every, everybody, everything, complete, completely, always, all the time, whole, wholly, entirely, altogether 等代词、形容词和副词与否定词 not连用，构成部分否定，表示“不都、并非都”的意思。‎ ‎①All that glitters is not gold.发光的并不一定都是金子。‎ ‎②Both of the brothers don't like the film.兄弟俩不都喜欢这部电影。‎ ‎③Not everything went well with him.他并非每件事情都顺利。‎ ‎④Not all of the rich are happy.不是所有有钱人都幸福。 ‎ ‎⑤The rich are not always happy.有钱人并非总是幸福。‎ ‎⑥You can't fool all the people all the time.你未必总是能愚弄所有的人。‎ 拓展：全部否定用：no one, none, neither, nobody, nothing，以及 not...any/either来表示。‎ ‎①None of them are right. 他们都不对。‎ ‎②Neither of us will go. 我们俩都不去。‎ ‎③Nobody can win me. 没人能赢我。‎ only 修饰的时间、条件和方式状语，为了强调而提到句首时，句子要用部分倒装形式，把原句中的情态动7.词、系动词或助动词提到主语前面。only 如修饰从句而提到句首，主句要部分倒装。‎ ‎①Only at that time did he realize that he had made a mistake.‎ 直到那时他才意识到自己犯的错误。‎ ‎②Only by practising a few hours every day will you be able to master English.‎ 只有通过每天练习几个小时你才能掌握英语。‎ ‎③Only with all your time and energy can you do the job well.‎ 只有用上你全部的时间和精力你才能把这项工作做好。‎ ‎④Only when I came back was I informed of the news.直到我回来，我才被通知这个消息。‎ ‎⑤Only if I get a job will I have enough money to go to college.我只有找到了工作才有足够的钱上大学。‎ 提示：(1)在部分倒装句中，如果谓语部分无助动词，则须找助动词来“帮助”它构成倒装句。如：‎ ‎×Only after the war learned he the sad news.‎ ‎√Only after the war did he learn the sad news.‎ ‎(2)only 修饰状语从句时，从句不可倒装。如：‎ ‎×Only when did he return did we find out the truth.‎ ‎√Only when he returned did we find out the truth.‎ ‎(3)only修饰主语时，句子不可倒装。如：‎ ‎×Only can he answer the question.‎ ‎√Only he can answer the question.‎ ‎8.the first time 相当于连词，引导一个状语从句，意为“第一次”。这类特殊短语还有：‎ ‎(1)each time, every time, next time, last time, any time 等也可以做连词用，表示“无论何时”“每当”“每次”等，引导一个时间状语从句。‎ Every time we come to Beijing, we go to visit the Forbidden City. 每次我们去北京，我们都去参观故宫。‎ I didn' t have any penny last time I saw you.‎ 上次我看见你时，我身无分文。‎ ‎ (2)immediately, directly, instantly 可活用为连词，引导时间状语从句，表示“一……就……”，相当于 as soon as。‎ The young man rushed out of the hall immediately he heard the sound.那个年轻人一听到声响就冲出了大厅。‎ ‎(3)the moment, the minute, the second, the instant 等名词短语也可用做连词，也相当于 as soon as，表示“一……就……”。‎ The moment Professor Wang appeared on the platform, the audience all stood up and clapped warmly.‎ 王教授一出现在讲台上，听众就站起来热烈鼓掌。 ‎ ‎ (4)the morning/afternoon/evening, the night, the day, the week, the year, the spring/summer/autumn/winter 等一些表示时间段的名词短语也可以引导时间状语从句。‎ The morning Mr Smith was walking along the lake, he met an old friend.那天早晨史密斯先生在湖边散步时遇到了一位老朋友。‎ III.阅读理解技法每日点拨 涉及数字计算的细节题 ‎ 数据在英语阅读理解中常常出现，比如以时间顺序写作的记叙文中往往会出现比较多的年份等日期，这些日期对于我们理解事件发生的时间顺序非常有帮助。又如在英语阅读理解的说明文(包括社科文和科技文)中，特别是调查研究类的文章中，作者也往往运用大量的数据使文章更加可信可靠。这些数据在文章中有举足轻重的作用，设题者也往往针对这些数据设题。一般来说，数据考查题都是细节题，只要找到原文出处，考生可以很容易找出正确答案，但是设题者往往会采取偷换概念、变更细节等手段设置迷惑项，考生若不仔细比较，很容易失分。‎ ‎【经典例题】‎ 阅读下列选段，从每题所给的A，B，C和D项中，选出最佳选项。‎ In Western countries people have been using the installment plan since the first half of the twentieth century. Today, a large number of families in Great Britain buy furniture, household goods and cars by installments. In the U. S., the figure is much higher than in Great Britain, and people there spend over 10 percent of their income on the installment(分期付款)plan.‎ Which of the following is NOT true about the installment plan?‎ A. A lot of British families use the installment plan.‎ B. More than 10 percent American families buy things on installments.‎ C. Americans depend more on installment than British people do.‎ D. Americans spend one tenth of their income on installment buying.‎ ‎【答案】 B ‎【模拟演练】‎ Here are the latest events happening in Greenwich.‎ Blood drive On Wednesday from 8 am to 1 pm at the Greenwich Hospital, the Red Cross will host a blood drive. Donors(捐赠者)with all blood types are needed, especially types O and AB. For more information, download the Red Cross Blood Donor App and visit redcrossblood.org.‎ Thanksgiving for old people On Wednesday from noon to 2 pm at the First Presbyterian Church of Greenwich, there will be a Thanksgiving dinner open to all Greenwich old people. Volunteers will cook a full Thanksgiving menu and also serve meals to the old. Transportation is available upon request. Free event at 203-637-1807 by Nov.19.‎ Advent workshop On Nov. 29 from 4 to 6 pm at the Round Hill Community House, Round Hill Church will celebrate the beginning of the workshop that includes dinner and lighting of the Yule Log. Free and open to the public. Booking are required. To book a spot, call 203-869-1091.‎ After-school programs for boys and girls On Nov. 30 at the Boys and Girls Club of Greenwich, after-school programs will begin. Membership is open to the children who live in Greenwich or whose parents work in Greenwich. Membership fee is $50 every year per resident(居民)child, $150 for non-residents whose parents work in town. For more information, visit infobgcg.org.‎ ‎25. Who will probably enjoy Thanksgiving meals at 1:30 pm to Wednesday?‎ ‎ A. The Red Cross Workers B. Greenwich old people ‎ C. Round Hill Church staff D. The youth B考查细节理解。根据Thanksgiving for old people后的内容On Wednesday from noon to 2 pm at the First Presbyterian Church of Greenwich, there will be a Thanksgiving dinner open to all Greenwich ‎ old people.可知选B。‎ ‎26. Which of the following events needs to be booked?‎ ‎ A. Blood drive ‎ B. Thanksgiving for old people ‎ C. Advent workshop ‎ D. After-school programs for boys and girls C考查细节理解。根据文章中Advent workshop后的内容Booking are required. To book a spot, call 203-869-1091.可知选C。‎ ‎27. How much will you and your sister pay for after-school programs every year if you are resident children?‎ ‎ A. $50 B. $‎100 C. $150 D. $300‎ B考查推理判断。根据文章最后一段中的Membership fee is $50 every year per resident(居民)child, $150 for non-residents whose parents work in town.可知，当地居民孩子的会员费是每人$50，两人就是$100.故选B。‎ ‎ 能力提升——测一测 I．单词拼写 ‎1．Father is thankful to me for p_________________ him to give up smoking.‎ ‎2．We are flying at an a_________ of 20 000 feet.‎ ‎3．You should choose the p_________ tool for the job.‎ ‎4．Some people have a wrong a____________ towards the disabled.‎ ‎5．Does the environment d____________ one's character?‎ persuading altitude proper attitude determine ‎6．In the _________(日记), writers set down their experiences, ideas and afterthoughts about what they have seen.‎ ‎7．After the ______(最后的) exam, we had a good time on the hill.‎ ‎8．After _________________(毕业) from college, he went to work in the poor area.‎ ‎9．We all know that he is too _________(顽固) to apologize.‎ ‎10．The sun is now __________ (在……下面) the horizon.‎ journal　final graduating stubborn beneath ‎ ‎11．________________(祝贺) to you on your winning the contest.‎ ‎12．Thousands of people died in the __________(灾难)．‎ ‎13．His sudden death was a great _________ (震惊) to his family.‎ ‎14．He was one of the ________(裁判员) at the boxing match.‎ ‎15．The car was ___________(陷入) in the mud and couldn't get out.‎ Congratulations　 disaster shock judges trapped ‎16．The firemen r__________ three women from the burning house.‎ ‎17．They are in desperate need of food, clothing and s_____________.‎ ‎18．Don't leave the lights on—it wastes e___________‎ ‎19．The miners were b___________ alive when the tunnel collapsed.‎ ‎20．He was too nevous to e__________ himself in front of the girl.‎ rescued shelter electricity buried express ‎21．He was made ______________(董事长) of the club.‎ ‎22．He is the sort of man to be trusted because he always lives up to his _______________ (原则)．‎ ‎23．His effort was _____________ (回报) with great success.‎ ‎24．Most children in cities are better __________ (教育) than those in the countryside.‎ ‎25．He was ____________ (判刑) to death.‎ president principle rewarded educated sentenced ‎ ‎26．She cried in t__________ when she saw a snake.‎ ‎27．Black people are born e______ to the whites so they should share the same rights as them.‎ ‎28．This company is more concerned with q________ than with quantity.‎ ‎29．He is s_________ and he is always thinking of himself.‎ ‎30．In my o__________， we should put off the sports meeting.‎ terror　equal quality selfish opinion II.语法填空（重点训练题型）‎ ‎1. Rather than ride on a crowded bus, he always prefers ________(ride) a bicycle.‎ ‎2. The new type of robot came onto the market in 2006 and a great number of robots ________(sell) ever since.‎ ‎3. Don’t let yourself ________(persuade) into buying things you don’t really need at all.‎ ‎4. Because of the bad weather, the building work was already behind ________.‎ ‎5. Earth Day is a celebration of life and our planet. It is a reminder that we need to care ________ the world we live in and that we should learn to respect life and nature.‎ ‎6. ________(determine) to give up smoking, he threw away his remaining cigarettes.‎ ‎7. Nowadays in India, women with independent incomes are refusing to give ________ to the traditional practice of arranged marriage.‎ ‎8. Jim knows little about computer, so his wife thinks he can’t keep pace ________ the development of times.‎ ‎9. Despite such a big difference in attitude ________ what one eats, there is no doubt that people in the west regard the Chinese food as something special.‎ ‎10. She is the most ________(rely) one of my friends; you can just depend on her.‎ ‎11. Although the huge engine, as tall as 25 meters, is heavy ________(carry), it is powerful and works well.‎ ‎12. Shopping on the net is more and more popular. Taobo is Asia’s largest retail(零售的) network platform, ________ people can buy and sell many kinds of things.‎ ‎13. On his way home, he found a wallet ________(lie) on the ground, which he picked up and laid in his schoolbag.‎ ‎14. Jack wasn’t saying anything, but the teacher smiled at him ________ he had done something very clever.‎ ‎15. After the explosion, most people went about their daily activities ________ usual.‎ ‎16. It’s not what we do once in a while ________ shapes our lives, but what we do consistently.‎ ‎17. It’s still early to make ________ your mind about your future career.‎ ‎18. My grandfather was fond ________ offering advice to all my friends.‎ ‎19. There is no point in trying to reason with him, ________ he will never change his mind.‎ ‎20. All the students insisted that Tom ________ the cleverest and should be chosen monitor.‎ ‎21. The teacher said that he should remember the name of the book right ________.‎ ‎22. About 2 million people on the National Mall burst ________ thundering cheers and applause when Obama completed his swearing-in(就职宣誓).‎ ‎23. I must warn you that my patience is almost ________ an end.‎ ‎24. After the war, the Japanese economy lay ________ ruins.‎ ‎25. It is reported in the local newspaper that the school ________(destroy) completely in the ‎ fire.‎ ‎26. All of them were astonished at the ________(shock) news that he had hanged himself.‎ ‎27. Dozens of people are said to ________(trap) under the rubble(瓦砾) when the buildings collapsed.‎ ‎28. The old woman dug ________ these old clothes to give to the homeless children.‎ ‎29. On hearing the news that her son was killed in the accident, she was ________(bury) in grief and despair.‎ ‎30. I have got a great number ________ tasks that I must see to this weekend.‎ ‎31. We offered our sincere ________(congratulate) to Li Ping on his passing the National College Entrance Examination.‎ ‎32. ________(judge) from the happy look on her face, she must have shown the news that her son had been admitted to Beijing University.‎ ‎33. Her father had an awful temper and she was ________(frighten) of him.‎ ‎34. He has always shown great sympathy with the ________(suffer) of the poor people.‎ ‎35. He didn’t selfishly keep for himself the money inherited from his uncle. Instead, he made a ________(generously) contribution to help the community.‎ ‎36. Many children, ________ parents are away working in big cities, are taken good care of in the village.‎ ‎37. Linda worked for the Minnesota, Manufacturing and Mining Company, ________(know) as 3M.‎ ‎38. The settlement is home to nearly 1000 people, most of ________ left their village homes for a better life in the city.‎ ‎39. We all know that hard working and plain living are fine ________(quality) of our Chinese people.‎ ‎40. The farmers plant the seeds 2 centimeters ________ the ground. ‎ ‎41. Mr. Green made up his mind to devote all he had to ________(help) those in need.‎ ‎42. The leaders are discussing the problem right now. It will ________(hope) have been solved by the end of the month.‎ ‎43. ________ a matter of fact, the beauty of nature there made an excellent impression on me.‎ ‎44. Anyone, whether he is an official or a bus driver, should be ________(equal) respected.‎ ‎45. It’s important to learn to take a positive attitude to life when you are ________ trouble.‎ ‎46. The old man became very worried, standing at the gate, unable to find a man ________ whom ‎ he could turn for help.‎ ‎47. In the face of the big fire in Moscow in 2010, many people in the fire-stricken areas moved out to escape ________(burn).‎ ‎48. Those who help to give valuable information to the police will be offered $1,000 as a ________.‎ ‎49. In Copenhagen Climate Conference, rich countries promised to set ________ a fund of $100 billion a year by 2020 to help developing countries.‎ ‎50. The owner of the mine ________(sentence) to twenty years to prison because he had broken the law to employ children as miners.‎ ‎51. Most of the audience had a high opinion ________ the performance of our footballers in the match against Iran.‎ ‎52. A terrible earthquake happened in that district at the end of 2004, ________ many people all over the world visited there.‎ ‎53. Carol was ________(active) involved in the local sports club.‎ ‎54. He donated a large sum of money ________(self) to the earthquake-stricken area, which moved us very much.‎ ‎55. Things went from bad to worse, and in the end she was ________ of work.‎ ‎56. The public should ________(educate) in how to use energy more effectively.‎ ‎57. This government came ________ power at the last election.‎ ‎58. The last thirty years ________(see) the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress. Until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.‎ ‎59. Tired and short of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first ________(reach) the top of Mount Tai.‎ ‎60. After entering senior high school, we’ve reached a point in our studies ________ we need to decide how to arrange our timetable efficiently.‎ III.短语填空 ‎(1)Would you ____________ a drink? 你想喝一杯吗？‎ ‎(2)The state must ____________ the families of soldiers killed in the war. 国家必须照料阵亡军人家属的生活。‎ care for care for ‎ ‎(3)Have you _______________________ what to do?你已经拿定主意做什么了吗？‎ ‎(4)He will __________ the beautiful girl ____________ forever.他将永远记住那位美丽的姑娘。‎ made up your mind bear/keep in mind ‎(5)Everyone must give ______ their reports before they leave.每个人在走之前必须上交他们的报告书。‎ ‎(6)Don't tell her; she is sure to give ______ all your secrets.不要告诉她，她一定会泄露你所有的秘密。‎ in away ‎(7)The police gave ______ searching for the missing child.警察放弃寻找那个丢失的孩子。‎ ‎(8)The teacher gave ______ our papers before the class.上课之前，老师给我们分发了试卷。‎ ‎(9)We'd better give the suspect ____________ the police.我们最好把嫌疑犯交给警察。‎ ‎(10)This piece of meat is giving ______ a bad smell.这块肉正在发出臭味。 ‎ up out over to off ‎ ‎(11)He cleaned the room ____________.他立即开始打扫房间。‎ ‎(12)He’s not in the office ____________.他现在不在办公室。‎ right away right now ‎(13)The meeting ________________________.会议结束了。‎ ‎(14)Go straight and you’ll find the hospital ‎ ‎________________________ the road.一直往前走，你会在这条路的尽头找到这家医院。‎ ‎(15)They argued for two hours ____________.他们一连辩论了两个小时。‎ came to an end at the end of on end ‎(16)The number of guests invited ______ (be) 50, but a number of them ______ (be) absent for the heavy rain.‎ ‎(17)Quantities of water ______ (be) polluted now.‎ ‎(18)A great deal of oil ______ (be) poured into the sea and did great harm to creatures in the water.‎ ‎(19)Many a famous writer ______(be) an alumnus(撰搞人) of a local newspaper. ‎ was/were are was is ‎(20)He’s been __________________for six months.‎ 他已经失业六个月了。‎ ‎(21)It is __________________that he will be admitted into key universities.他能考上重点大学是不成问题的。‎ out of work out of question ‎(22)Don’t mention my name, or you’ll ________________ (给我惹麻烦)．‎ ‎(23)They ________________________(费心地) find the right person.‎ get me into trouble took great trouble to ‎ ‎(24)Don’t ____________； all will turn out well.不要失去勇气，一切都会好起来的。‎ lose heart ‎(25)Paul __________________ alcohol to try to forget his problems at work.保罗借酒消愁，想忘掉工作中的问题。‎ ‎(26)The job ______________________ than we thought.这份工作结果比我们想像的更难。‎ ‎(27)Why did she ____________ your invitation?她为什么拒绝你的邀请？ ‎ turned to drinking turned out(to be) harder turn down IV.句型填空 ‎1.How long do you suppose it is ______（自从） he arrived there?‎ ‎2.They found the lecture hard ______（understand）； they all felt sleepy.‎ 答案to understand解析：考查 “find＋宾语＋adj.＋to do”结构。‎ ‎3.You will be successful in the interview ______ （一旦）you have confidence.‎ 答案once解析：考查 once引导带有时间意味的条件状语从句，意为“一旦……就……”。‎ ‎4.Jim is a kind boy. He is ______willing to help his classmates.‎ 答案too解析：too＋glad/pleased/willing...to...表示肯定意义。如用A项应改为 so...as to才对。‎ ‎5. —The exam wasn't difficult at all, was it?‎ ‎—No, but I don't believe ______（每个人）could pass it.‎ 答案everybody解析：not与 everybody 连用表示部分否定。‎ ‎6. ______（第一次）I toured Zhangjiajie, I was deeply impressed with its beautiful scenery.‎ 答案The first time解析：the first time 用做连词，引导时间状语从句。‎ V．阅读理解 ‎【安徽省皖南八校2018届高三第二次联考】D China is embracing an era of sharing economy. After sharing bikes, sharing books are the next trend. The book-sharing program at Sanxiaokou Xinhua Bookstore in Hefei, capital of Anhui province, has been running for several months since its launch on July 16, 2017. Customers are encouraged to borrow up to two books, from all books available in this store, for free via an app, pay 99 yuan online as the deposit and return the books within 10 days.‎ A survey of 601 app users conducted by the company in late July found that more than 90 percent of the readers said they may want to keep some of the borrowed books permanently, but they don't want to visit the store again to complete the purchase. When another nine stores joined the book-sharing program in August, the ability to purchase the borrowed books was made available on the app.‎ Zhao Shiping, a manager of the Sanxiaokou store, said that the daily customer flow in the first week of the book-sharing program was about 7,000 while the figure for the same period last year was 5,000 to 6,000. So, book-sharing will reduce barriers for book purchasing and increase customer flow, which will increase the business value of the bookstore, its brand value and increase its value as a partner for companies outside the book sales sector.‎ In addition to bookstores, banks have also joined the trend of book-sharing. Two branches of China Everbright Bank introduced book loan service at the end of this July. The service is free for seven days and 0.1 yuan is charged after that and 0.5 yuan after 21 days. Readers can return borrowed books to any branch of the bank.‎ This book-sharing project, a cooperation between Everbright Bank and an app called Youshugongdu, which translates as "let's read books together", will be expanded to other outlets to turn each outlet into a small community library with 1,000 to 2,000 books.‎ ‎1. What’s the text mainly about?‎ A. Banks begins to sell books B. People tend to share books online C. A book-sharing program has been running D. Bookstores and banks join book-sharing economy ‎2. Which group is benefit of books-sharing according to Paragraph 3?‎ ‎①Increasing the customer flow ‎②Bringing convenience to the bookstores ‎③Reducing the barriers for book purchasing ‎④Increasing the brand value of the bookstores A. ①②③ B. ①②④‎ C. ①③④ D. ②③④‎ ‎3. How much should you pay for borrowing a book from the China Everbright Bank for two weeks?‎ A. 0.1 B. 0.7‎ C. 1.4 D. 7‎ ‎4. Where does the text most probably come from?‎ A. A newspaper B. A science fiction C. A technology guide D. A teaching research paper ‎【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B 4. A ‎2. C细节推理题。根据第三段book-sharing will reduce barriers for book purchasing and increase customer flow, which will increase the business value of the bookstore, its brand value and increase its value as a partner for companies outside the book sales sector.图书共享能减少图书采购的障碍，增加客户流量，增加书店的商业价值，其品牌价值，并增加其作为图书销售部门以外公司的合作伙伴的价值。①③④都正确，故选C.‎ ‎3. B细节推理题。根据倒数第二段The service is free for seven days and 0.1 yuan is charged after that and 0.5 yuan after 21 days.可知7天内免费，之后每天收费0.1元，21天后每天收费0.5元。如果是借书2周应该是7天免费，另外7天每天0.1元，0.1×7＝0.7，故选B.‎ ‎4. A推理判断题。本文主要介绍了合肥共享图书的运行情况，具体规则，和银行联手，推行图书共享计划，共创图书共享经济。此类文章不会出自科幻小说，科技指南，教学研究论文，应该出自报纸报道，故选A.‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 细节理解题属直接解答性问题，是阅读理解题中最简单的一种，多数属中低难度的题。但高考所占的比例大，应特别引起注意。事实和细节题的命题特点是：对文章或某一段落中的一些特定细节或文章重要事实的理解，一般包括直接理解题和语义转化题。直接理解题能在原文直接找到答案，而语义转化题则需要将题目信息与原文信息加工或整理后才能得出结论。‎ 做细节理解题具体方法与步骤如下：‎ ‎1.略读材料，大概了解原文，掌握中心或主旨； ‎ ‎2.按文章的体裁，作者写作的组织模式及有关的信息词。如for example, first, second…等预测应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实； ‎ VI.范文背诵（翻译汉语句子并背诵全文）‎ Dear Tony,‎ How are you doing? I’m glad to receive your e-mail. I am writing to tell you something about my favourite type of music.‎ ‎（1）___________________________________________________________（我最喜欢流行音乐，把它视为生活的好伙伴）. There are several reasons for it. First of all, pop music is lively and it has a natural sense of rhythm. So it suits young people at my age. Secondly, it helps me ease my stressed feelings. When I feel tired after I have been studying hard for some time,‎ ‎ （2）________________________________________________________________________________（我常常听音乐，这总使我感到放松）. It is also a cure for my sadness （3）____________________________________________（因为它能把那些不愉快的时刻变成高兴时刻）. Lastly, pop music does not have complex lyrics. As a result, it is simple to understand.‎ What’s your favourite type of music? Looking forward to your reply.‎ Best wishes!‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua 答案：‎ ‎（1）I like pop music best and regard it as a good life companion. （高级句型and引导的并列句）‎ ‎（2）I often listen to pop music, which always makes me feel relaxed. （高级句型which引导的非限制性定语从句）‎ ‎（3）because it can turn those unhappy moments into delighted ones. （高级句型because引导的状语从句）‎