专题10+直击高考考点之名词性从句-备战2019年高考英语二轮复习语法点对点之直击高考考点 22页

专题10 直击高考考点之名词性从句 ‎ ‎ 知识清单 ‎ ‎ 序号 知 识 要 点 ‎1‎ 名词性从句包括：主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句 和同位语从句。‎ ‎2‎ 宾语从句中，要注意主从句时态的一致性，如主句的谓语动词是过去式，从句中的动词需用过去的相应的时态，如宾语从句表达客观事实或真理，不论主句什么时态从句都用一般现在时。同时名词性从句应遵循陈述语序。‎ ‎3‎ that引导的名词性从句，在句中不作任何成分，没有实际意义，一般不可以省略（除动词后面的宾语从句）。但如一个动词后接多个宾语从句，只省略第一个that。‎ ‎4‎ 名词性从句中if/ whether 的使用：‎ 表示“是否”时，在宾语从句中作动词后的宾语，且后面无or not两者可替换。‎ 介词后宾语从句,动词后宾语从句有or not或者引导表语从句、同位语从句、主语从句均用whether.‎ ‎5‎ 后面常接同位语从句的名词有news, word, idea, plan, hope, dream，suggestion, advice等 ‎6‎ what，which，who，whom与whatever，whichever，whoever，whomever 的区别,前者(一)带有疑问概念，（二）引导名词性从句；后者（一）表示强调，（二）既可以引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句，引导让步状语从句时等于no matter+疑问词，同时，让步状语从句和名词性从句可相互转化.(如： Whoever did it will be punished. Whoever did it , he will be punished)‎ ‎7‎ 当主句动词为表示疑问或不确定的词如： doubt, question, not clear时，宾语从句用if/ whether/when/where等 （如：‎ wonder,doubt）。如表示陈述，比如在谈到“没问题、毫无疑问、已确定、已证实、很清楚”等判断性意义如：no doubt , certain, sure, clear时， 用that.（这种情况也适用于主语、表语或同位语从句中）‎ ‎8‎ 把这些名词性从句的引导词转换成先行词+关系代词或关系副词 ‎（1）What he said proved wrong.‎ Everything/ All (that) he said proved wrong.‎ ‎（2）Please tell me what happened to you yesterday.‎ Please tell me all that happened to you yesterday.‎ ‎（3）The topic is what we are interested in.‎ The topic is the one (that) we are interested in.‎ ‎（4）The building is where the workers live.‎ The building is the place where the workers live.‎ ‎9‎ 由whatever, whoever, whomever 引导的名词性从句，相当于anything that/ anyone who(whom)…..‎ ‎1.You can do whatever you like.( = You can do anything that you like.)‎ ‎2.I’ll give the gift to whoever comes first. (= I’ll give the gift to anyone who comes first.)‎ ‎3.You can give the book to whomever you like.(= You can give the book to anyone whom you like.)‎ ‎10‎ 有些动词后面的宾语从句有否定的转移，但是要注意反义疑问句的用法。满足以下四个条件（一.人称是第一人称 二.时态是一般现在时 三.动词是表示心理活动的词think, believe, guess等 四.动词不被任何副词修饰）则肯否根据主句，其余根据从句。‎ ‎11‎ 介词后面一般不直接接that引导的宾语从句，只有少数几个如：except, but, in等。其它介词后面须加it作形式宾语，才可再接 that 宾语从句。‎ ‎12‎ 动词find, feel, think, consider, make, believe等后有宾语补足语时，需要it作形式宾语，而that从句则后置。动词hate, like ,dislike, love, appreciate, prefer, take--for granted表示“喜欢”“厌恶”“认为”时，要用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。‎ I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.‎ I hate it when they talk with their mouths full of food.‎ ‎13‎ 与建议命令要求坚持意思连用的名词性从句，要用should+动词原形 ‎14‎ It’s +adj./n.(important, necessary, vital，essential, natural, surprising, strange, impossible, a pity, ashame, no wonder ) / 过去分词（required, suggested 等）+that 从句，从句中用should do 表示“竟然，应该”。‎ ‎15‎ 同位语从句与定语从句的区别：‎ that在定语从句里是关系代词，充当主语或宾语，充当宾语时可以省略；‎ 在同位语从句中that是连词，不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，没有具体词义，但不能省略。‎ 试比较： The news that our team had won the game excited us. ‎ ‎ The news (that) he told us was unbelievable.‎ ‎ ‎ 高考考点直击 ‎(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)中连接词的运用 名词性从句中的连接词有从属连词that/whether/if，连接代词what/who/which/whose/‎ whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever，连接副词where/when/why/how/wherever/whenever。‎ ‎1.that的用法。‎ ‎(1)主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。‎ That they are good at English is known to us all.‎ The problem is that we don’t have enough money.‎ The report that there will be a severe storm in the northern area is false.‎ ‎(2)一般情况下，宾语从句中的引导词that可省略，但在以下几种情况中that一般不省略：(A)当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入语时；(B)有多个that引导的从句时，第一个that可以省略，而其他的that常不可省略；(C)介词except，but，besides，in等后跟that引导的宾语从句时；(D)当when，who，what，where，why，how等引导的从句与that引导的从句作主句谓语动词的并列宾语时。‎ He judged that，because he was a child，he did not understand wine.‎ The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.‎ Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried.‎ ‎(3)that和what的区别。‎ that 引导名词性从句时，在主从句中不担当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义；而what引导名词性从句时，在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分，what可以分解成定语从句中的“先行词＋关系代词”，即常说的“先行词＋that”。‎ It’s a shame that he has made such a mistake. ‎ I will do what I can (do) to help him.‎ ‎(4)同位语从句与定语从句中that的区别。‎ 同位语从句中的连接词that只起连接作用，在从句中不担当任何句子成分；而定语从句中的关系代词that在句中作宾语或主语，与先行词有修饰关系。如果句子是同位语从句，就应用连接词that而不能用which。同位语从句一般放在表具体含义的名词后解释说明名词的含义或内容，如以下名词：news，fact，suggestion，truth，plan，belief，doubt，possibility，idea等，而定语从句只是对先行词的限定和修饰。‎ They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.(同位语从句)‎ The hope they expressed is that they would come to visit China again.(定语从句) ‎ ‎2.whether和if的用法。‎ ‎(1)whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换，但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether。‎ It all depends on whether they will come back.‎ ‎(2)后面直接跟or not 时用whether。‎ I didn’t know whether or not he had arrived in Wuhan.‎ ‎(3)主语从句、表语从句中只能用whether。‎ Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.‎ The question is whether they have so much money.‎ ‎(4)whether可以引导同位语从句，用以说明前面的名词的内容，if则不能。‎ We ought to discuss carefully the question whether we can do it or not.‎ ‎(5)whether常与or连用表示一种选择，if不能这样用；whether也可与动词不定式连用但if不能。‎ The question of whether they are male or female is not important.‎ I have not decided whether to go or not.‎ ‎(6)间接宾语位于句首时或者间接宾语提前时用whether不用if。‎ Thank you，but whether I’ll be free I’m not sure at the moment.‎ ‎(7)whether可引导一个让步状语从句表示“不管”、“无论”，而if不能。‎ Whether he comes or not，we will begin our party on time.‎ ‎3.疑问词＋ever和no matter＋疑问词的区别。‎ ‎(1)疑问词＋ever可引导名词性从句，在主从句中要充当一定的成分。‎ Whoever breaks the rule must be punished.‎ You can choose whatever you like in the shop.‎ ‎(2)疑问词＋ever还可引导让步状语从句。‎ Whoever breaks the rule，he must be punished.‎ Whatever you do，you must do it well.‎ ‎(3)no matter＋疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。‎ No matter what you do，you must put your heart into it.‎ No matter who comes late，he must be punished.‎ ‎4.when和where引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别。‎ when 和where前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词，则when和where引导的是定语从句，否则则为同位语从句。‎ They put forward the question where they could get the money.(同位语从句)‎ This is the place where the accident happened.(定语从句)‎ ‎◆主语从句的考查要点 ‎ 1.主语从句在复合句中充当主语，大多数主语从句都可以用it作形式主语而把主语从句置于句尾。‎ ‎2.that引导主语从句时可用it作形式主语，that不可省；what引导的主语从句表示“……的东西”时，一般不用it作形式主语；whatever，whoever，whichever一般也不用it作形式主语。‎ That she will succeed is certain.‎ ‎→It is certain that she will succeed.‎ What he needs is more experience.‎ 常见的it替代that引导的主语从句的句式主要有以下几种：‎ ‎(1)It＋系动词＋形容词(necessary，right，likely，unlikely，wrong，important，certain，clear，obvious，strange，normal等)＋that从句 It is certain that most of the farmers have brought in more money by all means.‎ ‎(2)It＋be＋名词(短语)(a pity，a shame，good news，a fact，an honour，a wonder，no wonder等)＋that从句 It’s no wonder that you’ve achieved so much success.‎ ‎(3)It＋be＋过去分词(said，told，heard，reported，decided，suggested，advised，ordered，remembered，thought，considered，wellknown，announced等)＋that从句 It is said that the professor has already succeeded in carrying out the experiment.‎ ‎(4)It＋特殊动词(seem，appear，happen，matter)＋that从句 It happened to me that I had been away when he called.‎ 注意：(1)在“It is necessary/important/strange/natural...＋that从句”结构中，从句谓语常用“(should＋)动词原形”形式。‎ ‎(2)在“It＋be＋suggested/advised/ordered/requested/insisted/required...＋that从句”结构中，that从句谓语应用“(should＋)动词原形”。‎ 题组训练1‎ 用适当的连接词填空 ‎1. Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.‎ ‎2.It is obvious you’ve made a big mistake.‎ ‎3.It was never clear the man hadn’t reported the accident sooner.‎ ‎4. he did that wasn’t quite clear.‎ ‎5.It is still under discussion the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.‎ ‎【答案】1.What 2.that 3.that 4.Why 5.whether ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎◆宾语从句的考查要点 ‎ 1.动词的宾语从句 ‎(1)大多数动词(hope，tell，say等)可以带宾语从句。‎ We all expect that they will win，for members of their team are stronger.‎ I don’t think you are right.‎ I don’t suppose he cares，does he？‎ ‎(2)动词find，feel，think，consider，make，believe等后有宾语补足语时，则需要it作形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置。‎ I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day.‎ ‎(3)有些动词带宾语从句时习惯上需要在宾语从句前加it。这类动词(短语)有hate，enjoy，like，love，dislike，see to等。‎ I hate it when they talk with their mouths full.‎ ‎2.一般情况下介词后只能用wh类连接词引导宾语从句。‎ We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.‎ 注意：(1)where引导的从句有时也可用作介词的宾语。‎ We could see the temple quite clearly from where we lived.‎ ‎(2)that引导的从句作介词的宾语是很少有的，只有在except，in，but等介词后偶尔可能用到。‎ Your composition is quite good except that the organization is a bit loose.‎ ‎(3)sure，certain，glad，pleased，happy，surprised等表示“情感”的形容词后也可带宾语从句。‎ I’m sure that they will make it in spite of the terrible weather.‎ 题组训练2‎ 用适当的连接词填空 ‎1.The shocking news made me realize terrible problems we would face.‎ ‎2.We’ve offered her the job，but I don’t know she’ll accept it.‎ ‎3.The villagers have already known we’ll do is to rebuild the bridge.‎ ‎4.His writing is so confusing that it’s difficult to make out it is he is trying to express.‎ ‎5.Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach they should read first.‎ ‎【答案】1.what 2.whether/if 3.what 4.what 5.how ‎ ‎ ‎◆表语从句的考查要点 ‎ 1.主句的主语是idea，advice，suggestion，order，request，requirement等名词时，表语从句的谓语应用虚拟语气，即“(should＋)动词原形”的形式。‎ His suggestion is that we (should) change our course.‎ ‎2.主语为名词reason时，表语从句中的连接词要用that，而不用why或because。‎ The reason for such a serious accident is that the driver was too careless and drank too much.‎ ‎3.because，as if，as though，as，like等连接词也可引导表语从句。‎ He has heart disease. That is because he has been smoking too much.‎ 题组训练3‎ 用适当的连接词填空 ‎1.I am afraid he’s more of a talker than a doer，which is he never finishes anything.‎ ‎2.I’d like to start my own business—that’s I’d do if I had the money.‎ ‎3.The reason why he didn’t go to school was he fell ill.‎ ‎4.He came late. That was he got up late.‎ ‎5.The question is we can reduce the cost of the product.‎ ‎【答案】1.why 2.what 3.that 4.because 5.whether ‎ ‎ ‎◆同位语从句的考查要点 ‎ 同位语从句是用以解释说明某一名词的内容的从句。‎ ‎1.能接同位语从句的名词有：belief，fact，hope，idea，doubt，news，conclusion，suggestion，problem，order，answer，decision，explanation，information，thought等。‎ ‎2.同位语从句一般用that引导，但也可以用连接代词(what，which，who)、连接副词(when，where，why，how)或whether引导。‎ I have no idea what has happened to him.‎ ‎3.有时同位语从句不紧跟在它所说明的某个名词后，而是被别的词隔开。‎ The story goes that William Tell did kill the king with that sword.‎ 题组训练4‎ 用适当的连接词填空 ‎1.There is clear evidence the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain.‎ ‎2.When the news came the war broke out，he decided to serve in the army.‎ ‎3.I have no idea they will be back and settle down.‎ ‎4.The possibility the majority of the labour force will work at home is a trend.‎ ‎5.The question so many people would choose to live in the countryside but to work in the city is still under discussion.‎ ‎【答案】1.that 2.that 3.when 4.that 5.why 高考考点过关训练 一.单句语法填空 ‎1．His favorite food is fried snacks and soft drinks.It is no surprise ____________losing weight is just his dream.‎ ‎【解析】：句意：他最喜欢的食物是油炸类小吃和饮料。毫不奇怪减肥只是他的梦想。it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。从句中结构及句意完整，故用that引导。‎ ‎【答案】：that ‎2．_____________he misunderstood my position on the question is obvious from his remarks.‎ ‎【解析】：根据句式结构可知_________he misunderstood my position on the question为主语从句，从句中结构及句意完整，故用that引导。‎ ‎【答案】：That ‎3．Now my hometown is not at all ____________a traveler who visited it ten years ago can expect.‎ ‎【解析】：句意：现在我的家乡根本不是十年前来参观的游客可以想象的样子了。设空处引导表语从句，且在从句中作expect的宾语，故填what。‎ ‎【答案】：what ‎4．(Mr.White is opposed to repairing the old building，and that’s ____________ I don’t agree.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】：where ‎ ‎5．Whenever a natural disaster happens，we should offer_____________help we could give to those victims.‎ ‎【解析】：句意：当自然灾害发生时，我们应该提供任何可能的帮助给那些受害者。________ help we could give为宾语从句，设空处作定语修饰名词help，根据句意可知，设空处表示“无论什么”故填whatever。‎ ‎【答案】：whatever ‎ ‎6．The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered____________the boy would do.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】：what ‎7．In my opinion，_____________matters is whether we can win together as a team instead of individuals.‎ ‎【解析】：句意：在我看来，重要的是我们是否能够作为一个团队而不是个人获胜。设空处引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语，故填what。‎ ‎【答案】：what ‎8．—How do you think I can make up with Tony?‎ ‎—Put aside ____________you disagree and try to find ____________you have in common.‎ ‎【解析】：句意：——你认为我怎么能够和托尼和好？——搁置你们有异议的地方并努力找到你们的共同点。第一空引导宾语从句，引导词在从句中作地点状语，故填where；第二空引导宾语从句，引导词在从句中作宾语，故填what。‎ ‎【答案】：where；what ‎9．She has received an offer from Berkeley，but I don’t know ____________she will accept it.‎ ‎【解析】：句意：她收到了伯克利大学的录取通知，但我不知道她是否会接受。设空处引导宾语从句，且从句中不缺少成分，根据句意故填whether/if，意为“是否”。‎ ‎【答案】：whether/if ‎10．—The manager finally agreed to our new marketing proposals.‎ ‎—It never occurred to me ____________you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.‎ ‎【解析】：句意：——经理最终同意了我们的新市场营销提案。——我从未想到你能成功地说服他改变主意。it是形式主语，真正的主语是设空处引导的主语从句，从句中基本成分完整，故填that。‎ ‎【答案】：that ‎11．Sarah hopes to become a friend of ____________shares her interests. ‎ ‎【解析】：句意：萨拉希望和她有共同兴趣的任何人交朋友。介词of后接宾语从句，宾语从句中缺少主语，根据句意故填whoever。‎ ‎【答案】：whoever ‎12．The young couple was having an argument about ____________turn it was to do the cooking.‎ ‎【解析】：句意：这对夫妇正在争论该轮到谁做饭了。whose引导名词性从句作介词about的宾语，whose在宾语从句中作定语。‎ ‎【答案】：whose ‎ ‎13．The problem is ____________we can improve our reading skills in such a short time.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】：how ‎14．Mary is a humorous and warm-hearted woman and that is _____________she is a most popular person in her community.‎ ‎【解析】：句意：玛丽是个既幽默又热心的女人，那就是她在她的社区非常受欢迎的原因。that is why...意为：那是......的原因。‎ ‎【答案】：why ‎15．I never doubt ____________he is an honest man.What I doubt is ____________he’ll come on time this time.‎ ‎【解析】：句意：我从未怀疑过他是一个诚实的人。我所怀疑的是他这次是否会按时来。doubt作动词时，用于肯定句中，其后接由whether/if引导的宾语从句；用于否定句中，其后接由that引导的宾语从句。doubt后的表语从句常用whether引导。‎ ‎【答案】：that；whether ‎ 二.单句改错 ‎1． After looking at the toy for some time，he turned around and found where his parents were missing.‎ ‎_____________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【解析】：his parents were missing为宾语从句，从句中不缺少成分，不能用where，而要用that引导宾语从句，that也可省略。‎ ‎【答案】：where—that或者去掉where ‎2．I hope my advice will be of some help to whomever is interested in learning English.‎ ‎_________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【解析】：句意：我希望我的建议对那些对学习英语感兴趣的同学有所帮助。介词to后为宾语从句，从句中缺主语，但是whomever在从句中只能作宾语，故把whomever改为whoever。‎ ‎【答案】：whomever—whoever ‎3．—Are you in favour of Tom’s suggestion that we work around the clock to meet the deadline?‎ ‎—No.But that Jimmy suggested to me sounds practical.‎ ‎_________________________________________________________________‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】：第二个that—what ‎4．Don’t take for granted that all those who get good grades in the entrance examination will prove to be most successful.‎ ‎_________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【解析】：take it for granted that...意为“认为??理所当然”，为固定句型，it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为that引导的从句。‎ ‎【答案】：在take后加it ‎5．I don’t doubt that you’ve finished the work，but there is some doubt if your people have obeyed the law，my lord.‎ ‎_________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【解析】：doubt用作名词，用于肯定句中时，其后的同位语从句应由whether引导，不能用if引导。故把if改为whether。‎ ‎【答案】：if—whether ‎ ‎6．What David’s classmate wanted to tell him was what great an effort his teacher had made to help him out.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【解析】：在题干中， was之后是表语从句，根据感叹句的句型“how＋adj.＋ a/an＋名词＋主谓”可知，应把what改为how。‎ ‎【答案】：第二个what—how ‎7．If it is true or not remains a question for the young boy.‎ ‎_________________________________________________________________ ‎ ‎【解析】：句意：那是不是真的对于这个小男孩来说仍是个问题。根据句中的结构来判断，此句中含有一个主语从句，表示“是否??”，且从句置于句首，故应用Whether。‎ ‎【答案】：If—Whether ‎8．The factory you visited the other day was built in that had been a deserted land.‎ ‎_________________________________________________________________ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】：that—what ‎ ‎9．Today impressionist paintings are accepted as the beginning of we call “modern art”．‎ ‎_________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【解析】：句意：现在，印象派画被认为是“现代艺术”的开端。分析句子结构可知，此处应用what引导宾语从句，what作call的宾语，不能省略。‎ ‎【答案】：在of后加what 10． I wonder if or not we should make it clear that we’ve lost this game. _____________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【解析】：表示“是否”意义的连接词有whether和if，whether可以和or not连用，而if则不可，故把if改为whether。‎ ‎【答案】：if—whether ‎ 11．The reason why he was late for school was he had to send his sister to hospital. _____________________________________________________________________ ‎ ‎【解析】：句意：他上学迟到的原因是他不得不送姐姐去医院。本题考查表语从句。The reason why...is that....“??的原因是??”，that不可省略。‎ ‎【答案】：在he had前加that ‎12．What was known to them that the boss had broken his promise that he would give them a rise.‎ ‎_________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【解析】：分析句式结构可知that the boss had broken his promise为真正的主语从句，that he would give them a rise为同位语从句，用于对promise的具体内容进行说明。本题考查形式主语，故把What改为形式主语It。‎ ‎【答案】：What—It 13． ‎—You know I gave up the job as a waiter and went to the little company. —That’s what you’ve made a mistake.That company isn’t well managed. _____________________________________________________________________‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】：what—where ‎14．What concerns us greatly is that the workers held up in that area yesterday will be set free.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________ ‎ ‎【解析】：句意：我们极为关心的事情是昨天被困在那个地方的工人什么时候能获得自由。系动词is后引导的为表语从句，在表语从句中the workers为主语，held up in that area yesterday为过去分词短语作后置定语修饰主语。根据will be set free可知主语从句中缺少时间状语，故把that改为when。‎ ‎【答案】：that—when ‎15．Whoever one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.‎ ‎_________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【解析】：句意：无论你们当中哪一个打破了窗户都必须赔偿。主句谓语为will have to pay for it，故其前的从句为主语从句，根据句意可知无论哪一个，故把whoever改为whichever，whichever修饰one作定语。‎ ‎【答案】：Whoever—Whichever ‎ 三.语法填空 A 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ My dad is a “Mr.Mom”．He was 50 years old when I was born.I didn’t know 1.____________ he was at home instead of Mom，but I considered myself very lucky because I was 2.____________ only one who had Dad around among my friends.‎ Dad did so many things for me 3.____________ my elementary school years.He 4.____________ (convince) the school bus driver 5.____________ (pick) me up at our house instead of the usual bus stop six blocks away.He always had my lunch ready for me when I came home.‎ As I got a little 6.____________ (old) and tried to gain my 7.____________ (depend)，I wanted to move away from those“childish”signs of his love.But he 8.____________ give up.In high school I was no longer able to go home for lunch，so I began taking my own lunch.Dad would get up a little earlier and make it for me.‎ However，when I left home for college，I missed 9.____________(see) my dad every day after school.At that time I called him a lot.It didn’t matter 10.____________ he said，for I just wanted to hear his voice.‎ ‎【解题导语】 作者通过叙述父亲对他从小到大无微不至的关心和照顾表达了他对父亲深深的爱。‎ ‎1．【解析】：考查宾语从句。根据语境可知，此处表示“我不知道为什么是爸爸在家而不是妈妈”。此处表原因，因此用why引导从句。‎ ‎【答案】：why ‎ ‎ ‎6．【解析】：考查形容词比较级。此处和小时候进行比较，因此用older。 【答案】：older ‎7．【解析】：考查名词。根据空格前的“my”和语境可知，此处应用名词independence。 【答案】：independence ‎8．【解析】：考查情态动词。would表示一种倾向性和习惯性，下文中的“would get up”也是提示。‎ ‎【答案】：wouldn’t ‎9．【解析】：考查非谓语动词。miss doing sth.意为“没能做某事”。当“我”离开家去上大学时，“我”就不能每天放学之后见到父亲了。‎ ‎【答案】：seeing ‎10．【解析】：考查主语从句。他说什么没有关系，因为“我”仅仅是想听到他的声音。主语从句中said缺少宾语，因此用what。‎ ‎【答案】：what ‎ B Harvard is older than the United States. In the early 1630s, some settlers recommended that a university ____1____(found) just to improve the quality of their descendants(子孙）so that they could better build the new home. Thus ,it was established in 1636 by vote of the Great and General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.‎ Like many other universities at that time, Harvard at the early stage often ran into ___2___ financial crisis. The school board often had to go to Europe to raise ____3____(donate),but as you can predict, they often came back ________their hands empty.‎ ‎____5____(fortunate),in 1638,John Harvard, pastor of Charlestown, passed away. He left his library and half his estate(财产）to the institution ,____6____were the biggest contribution ever since its establishment .Therefore, the university was named after his name. Today, you can find a statue of John Harvard ____7____(stand) in front of the University Hall in Harvard Yard, and it is perhaps the University’s best ____8____(know) landmark.‎ It is universally ____9____(acknowledge) that John Harvard was respected and remembered by the people in the USA owing to_____10_____ he did .‎ 本文为介绍说明文。文章介绍了哈佛大学的由来。‎ ‎1.【答案】(should)be founded 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：在17世纪30年代早期，一些移民建议一所大学应该被建立，以提高他们后代的质量，这样他们就能更好地建造新家园。recommend后接宾语从句时，宾语从句谓语动词应使用（should）do结构。故填(should)be founded。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎4. 【答案】with 【解析】考查介词。根据句中but可知，此处指“但正如你所预料的，他们经常两手空空地回来”，应使用with复合结构做状语。故填with。‎ ‎5. 【答案】Unfortunately 【解析】考查副词。此处修饰整句话，应使用副词形式，意为“不幸的是，1638年，查尔斯顿的牧师约翰·哈佛去世了。”故填Unfortunately。‎ ‎6. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。此处为非限定性定语从句，先行词是his library and half his estate，关联词在从句中做主语，应使用关系代词which引导。故填which。‎ ‎7. 【答案】standing 【解析】考查非谓语动词。stand与a statue of John Harvard是逻辑主谓关系，应使用现在分词，表“主动、进行”。故填standing。‎ ‎8. 【答案】known 【解析】考查形容词。句意：它可能是这所大学最著名的地标。known“著名的”。故填known。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎