【英语】天津市六校（天津中学、南开中学、实验中学等）2020届高三上学期期初检测试题（解析版） 25页

天津市六校（天津中学、南开中学、实验中学等）2020届高三上学期期初检测英语试题 一、单项填空（共15小题，每小题1分，共15分）‎ ‎1.(2016•天津) —I’m thinking of going back to school to get another degree.‎ ‎—Sounds great! ____________.‎ A. It all depends B. Go for it C. Never mind D. No wonder ‎【答案】B ‎【详解】考查交际用语。句意：——我在想回去上学再拿一个学位。——听起来很棒！努力争取吧。A.那就看情况而定了；B.去争取吧；C.没关系；D.难怪。故选B。‎ ‎【名师点睛】情景交际的考查关键在于理解上下文语境，同时要注意辨析选项的意思，平时多熟记交际用语，尤其是一些与汉语相差较大的表达。做这类试题，要求同学们按照所给的情景，选择最佳问句或答句。‎ ‎2.By the end of last year, another new hospital __________ in our city.‎ A. would complete B. would be completed C. was completed D. had been completed ‎【答案】D ‎【详解】考查时态及语态。句意：去年年底为止，我们这座城市又建了一个新的医院。句中有by the end of表示“到…为止”如果后面接过去的时间，句子要用过去完成时。本句中by the end of last year，by后是过去的时间状语，句子要用过去完成时，故选D。‎ ‎【点睛】By表示时间，意为“到......时为止”；该词经常与完成时连用。如果后接by后面是现在的时间，句中就使用现在完成时；如果by后面是过去的时间状语，就使用过去完成时；如果后面是将来的时间，就使用将来完成时。‎ By the time he was ten, he had learnt about 1,000 English words.‎ 到他十岁时,他已学了约一千个英语 By 2012the population of this city will have risen to 20 millon.‎ 到2020年，这个城市的人口将增至二千万。‎ By the time Jane gets home, her aunt will have left for London to attend a meeting.‎ 当简到家时，她的姑妈已经动身去伦敦参加一个会议了 ‎3.You look very beautiful in this dress and there is only one of this kind left here. I wonder if you would buy ______.‎ A. one B. it C. some D. any ‎【答案】B ‎【详解】考查代词的辨析。句意：你穿这条裙子很漂亮，现在只剩下一条了。我想知道你是否会买它。根据题意，可知这条裙子只有一条了。当one前没有定冠词时表示泛指，不可选，some和any都是不定代词，但此处有特定的指向，特指那一条裙子，用it表示特指，故选B。‎ ‎4.________ to think critically is an important skill today’s children will need for the future.‎ A. Learn B. Learned C. Learning D. Having learned ‎【答案】C ‎【详解】考查动名词。句意：学会批判性思维是当代小孩未来所必需的重要技能。句子缺少主语成分，而过去分词、动词都不可以作主语，此处用动名词作主语，故选C。‎ ‎5. ______ difficulty, you can reach me at this number. I’m always at your service.‎ A. In favor of B. In terms of ‎ C. In case of D. In spite of ‎【答案】C ‎【详解】考查介词短语。句意：如果有困难，打这个电话号码找我，我随时为你服务。A. In favor of支持，赞同，B. In terms of就…而言，C. In case of如果，万一，D. In spite of 虽然。所以选C。‎ ‎6. —May I open the window to let in some fresh air?‎ ‎— __________‎ A. Come on. B. Take care.‎ C. Go ahead! D. Hold on!‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【详解】‎ 考查交际用语。句意：我可以打开窗户放进点新鲜空气来吗？A. 来吧 B. 小心 C.继续吧 D. 坚持住。故选C最符合语境。故选C。‎ ‎7.True happiness does not lie in the ________ of money，but the joy of achievement.‎ A. possession B. profession C. permission D. persuasion ‎【答案】A ‎【详解】考查名词。句意为：真正的幸福不在于金钱的拥有，而在于取得成就的喜悦。possession占有；profession职业；permission允许；persuasion说服。in the possession of被某人占有/拥有。故选A。‎ ‎8.The police __________ the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre.‎ A. is searching B. were searching ‎ C. are searching for D. were searching for ‎【答案】D ‎【详解】考查固定句式及时态。句意：警察正在四处搜寻谋杀犯的时候，他突然出现在剧院。the police是集合名词，表示复数含义，因此谓语使用复数形式。“were/was doing...when...(从句用一般过去时)”为固定句式，表示“正在.....这个时候，（突然）......”。本句的从句中用的appeared（一般过去式）可判断，主句要用过去进行时。故答案是C项。‎ ‎9.What shall we use for power when all the oil in the world has________.‎ A. given out B. put out C. held up D. used up ‎【答案】A ‎【详解】考查动词短语。句意：当世界上的石油被用完的时候，我们用什么充当燃料呢？动词短语give out分发，耗尽，筋疲力尽（无被动语态）；put out生产，出版，扑灭；hold up举起，支撑，耽搁，延误；use up用完，耗尽。D项要使用被动语态。故A正确。‎ ‎10.The noise from my neighbor’s sitting room ______can be clearly heard in my apartment, which makes me distracted from reading.‎ A. is decorated B. being decorated C. decorated D. to be decorated ‎【答案】B ‎【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我的公寓里可以清楚地听到邻居家正在装修客厅的噪音，这让我无法专心读书。后置定语修饰名词，A不可作定语，排除A，根据题意可知邻居装修起居室这件事正在发生，不定式表示将要发生，排除D，而C表示已经完成，也可排除，故选B。‎ ‎11.To create an atmosphere __________ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.‎ A. where B. whose C. that D. which ‎【答案】A ‎【详解】考查定语从句。句意：创造一种雇员感觉是其中一员的氛围是一个大的挑战。本句是定语从句，其中的the atmosphere 是先行词，在后面的定语从句中作状语，放回从句中即为in the atmosphere，此处可填in which，也可以是where。选项whose意为“人的/物的”，在定语从句中一般作定语；that和which一般在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。that既可指人又可指物，而which只能指物。综合可知，故本题选A。‎ ‎12. I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.‎ A. That B. Which C. Whether D. What ‎【答案】D ‎【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：“我想告诉你的是我深爱我的父母并很尊重他们。”名词性从句的连词选用规则是：根据意思，缺什么就填什么，什么都不缺就填that。我们必须特别关注what所引导的名词性从句，what引导名词性时，必须在句中担当主、宾、表等成分，意思是“……的事或东西”，一般也不能用逗号和主句分割开来，插入语除外。我们还要关注whatever与what的区别，前者有两个意思——无论什么或anything that…（任何东西），而后者只表示“……的事或东西”；whatever与no matter what的区别在于前者既可以引导名词性从句也可以引导状语从句，而后者只能引导状语从句。其他配对词的用法也是类似的。故选D。‎ ‎13.James, I don’t mind lending you the money ____ you pay it back within a month.‎ A. although B. now that C. unless D. as long as ‎【答案】D 考查连词辨析。A. although尽管；B. now that既然；C. unless除非；D. as long as只要。句意：杰姆斯，我不介意借给你钱只要你在一个月内还给我。故选D。‎ ‎14. Don’t take it seriously，Alice．I wasn’t making _____ fun of you — it’s nothing but _____ joke．‎ A. /; the B. the; the C. the; a D. /; a ‎【答案】D ‎【详解】考查冠词。句意：不要当真，爱丽丝，我不是在取笑你，这只是一个玩笑。第一空不填，make fun of是固定词组“取笑”，第二空填a，是泛指“一个玩笑”，所以选D。‎ ‎15.Intelligence doesn’t __________ mean success. You need to work hard as well.‎ A. honestly B. necessarily C. formally D. simply ‎【答案】B ‎【详解】考查固定用法及副词辨析。句意：聪明不一定意味着成功。你还需要努力工作。A. honestly诚实地，正当地；B. necessarily必然地；C. formally正式地，正规地；D. simply简单地。根据后一句“你还需要努力”可知，“聪明不一定意味着成功”。“not necessarily”为固定搭配，意为“不一定，未必”，故选B。‎ 二、完形填空（共20小题，每小题1.5分，共30分）‎ It was many years ago. I was a____16____father on my way home to my wife and baby boy after spending all day____17____college classes. I had gone back to school to get a degree in education. I wanted to secure a____18____job that would help me to build a better life for my growing family. It was a two-hour round trip to the____19____, so every day I would pray for my 20-year-old car to____20____it all the way.‎ As I started down a lonely stretch of highway about 12 miles from my home I ___21___ a car parked along the side of the road with its emergency flashers____22____. A small woman was struggling to___23___a flat tire. This was long before the age of cell phones____24____I knew that any other help might not arrive for a while. I____25____behind her car and offered to give her a hand. Her own hands were bruised（擦伤的）and____26____from struggling with the lug nuts（四方螺帽）and she had tears of frustration in her eyes. The lug nuts were rusty（生锈的）and____27____and the lug wrench（单向扳手）a little small, but after a while I got the flat off and the____28____tire on. As I said goodbye the little lady hugged me with tears of___29___ this time. I waved and drove off a little embarrassed at her____30____. After all, it had just been one kind act.‎ It took me a lot of years after that to learn the true____31____of one kind act. One kind act can change the world. One kind act can teach more____32____than a million words. One kind act can save a lost soul and heal（治愈）a____33____heart.‎ Never pass up the possibility of using your own____34____to make this world a better place. Every day we are given the choice to be____35____or kind. Always choose to be kind.‎ ‎16. A. great B. young C. lazy D. rich ‎17. A. preparing B. missing C. taking D. giving ‎18. A. teaching B. cooking C. driving D. writing ‎19. A. college B. hospital C. garage D. store ‎20. A. forget B. ignore C. get D. make ‎21. A. passed B. stopped C. noticed D. heard ‎22. A. out B. over C. on D. off ‎23. A. repair B. borrow C. buy D. change ‎24. A. and B. but C. though D. unless ‎25. A. set off B. pulled up C. showed off D. lay down ‎26. A. moving B. bleeding C. freezing D. shaking ‎27. A. shiny B. simple C. useful D. tight ‎28. A. spare B. worn C. clean D. cheap ‎29. A. pride B. regret C. pain D. relief ‎30. A. appreciation B. doubt C. expectation D. surprise ‎31. A. cause B. danger C. power D. pressure ‎32. A. curiosity B. love C. courage D. desire ‎33. A. light B. broken C. brave D. cold ‎34. A. kindness B. patience C. interest D. wisdom ‎35. A. tough B. busy C. cruel D. free ‎【答案】16. B 17. C 18. A 19. A 20. D 21. C 22. C 23. D 24. A 25. B 26. B 27. D 28. A 29. D 30. A 31. C 32. B 33. B 34. A 35. C ‎【分析】‎ 本文是记叙文。作者开车到一段寂寥的公路上时，注意到一辆车停在路边，一名小个子女人正在努力更换漏气的轮胎。于是作者主动伸出手来帮助她换轮胎，换好之后，她含泪拥抱作者。几年之后，作者理解了一个善举的真正力量，它胜过千言万语，可以改变世界，我们要永远选择善良。‎ ‎【16题详解】‎ 考查形容词辨析。句意：我是一个年轻的父亲，在上了一整天的大学课程之后，在回家去见我的妻子和孩子的路上。A.great伟大的；B.young年轻的；C.lazy懒惰的；D.rich 富有的。根据下文baby boy可知，作者是一位年轻的爸爸。故选B。‎ ‎【17题详解】‎ 考查动词辨析。句意：我是一个年轻的父亲，在上了一整天的大学课程之后，在回家去见我的妻子和孩子的路上。A.preparing准备；B.missing思念；C.taking参加；D.giving给出。根据下文I had gone back to school to get a degree in education.可知，作者在大学里上课。take classes上课。故选C。‎ ‎【18题详解】‎ 考查动词辨析。句意：我想找到一份教学的工作，可以帮助我为我不断壮大的家庭建立更好的生活。A.teaching教学；B.cooking烹饪；C.driving开车；D.writing写作。根据上文I had gone back to school to get a degree in education.可知，作者回学校是为了获得教育学位，他想找一份教学的工作。故选A。‎ ‎【19题详解】‎ 考查名词辨析。句意：往返大学需要两个小时，所以每天我都会祈祷我那辆开了20年的车一路平安。A.college大学；B.hospital医院；C.garage车库；D.store商店。根据上文I was a____16____father on my way home to my wife and baby boy after spending all day____17____college classes.可知，往返大学需要两个小时。故选A。‎ ‎【20题详解】‎ 考查动词辨析。句意：往返大学需要两个小时，所以每天我都会祈祷我那辆开了20年的车一路平安。A.forget忘记；B.ignore忽略；C.get得到；D.make制作。往返学院需要2个小时，所以作者每天都祈祷他20年的汽车能够顺利到达，make it“成功做到，达到预定目标”。故选D。‎ ‎【21题详解】‎ 考查动词辨析。句意：当我沿着一条偏僻的高速公路行驶到离我家12英里的地方时，我注意到一辆汽车停在路边，车上的应急闪光灯开着。A.passed通过；B.stopped停止；C.noticed注意到；D.heard听见。根据语境可知，此处指作者注意到一辆停在路边的车。故选C。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 考查介词辨析。句意：当我沿着一条偏僻的高速公路行驶到离我家12英里的地方时，我注意到一辆汽车停在路边，车上的应急闪光灯开着。A.out出去；B.over超越；C.on开着，进行中；D.off离开。根据语境可知，此处指应急闪光灯开着。故选C。‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ 考查动词辨析。句意：A.repair修理；B.borrow借；C.buy买；D.change换。根据下文but after a while I got the flat off and the____28____tire on.可知，这位女士在换一个漏气的轮胎。故选D。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ 考查连词辨析。句意：那是在手机时代之前很久的事了，我知道任何其他的帮助可能都要一段时间才会到来。A.and并且；B.but但是；C.though尽管；D.unless除非。根据句意可知，前后句是顺承关系，应使用并列连词and。故选A。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我把车停在她的车后，主动提出帮她一把。A.set off出发；B.pulled up靠边停车；C.showed off炫耀；D.lay down躺倒。根据下文but after a while I got the flat off and the____28____tire on.可知，作者靠边停车，主动去帮助她。故选B。‎ ‎【26题详解】‎ 考查动词辨析。句意：她自己的手因为与螺母搏斗而受伤流血，她眼里含着沮丧的泪水。A.moving移动；B.bleeding流血；C.freezing冰冻；D.shaking摇晃。根据空前were bruised可知，她自己的手也因为与螺母抗争而被擦伤、正在流血。故选B。‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ 考查形容词辨析。句意：车轮螺母生锈了，而且很紧，车轮扳手有点小，但过了一会儿我把那个漏气的轮胎卸下来了，换上了备胎。A.shiny发光的；B.simple简单的；C.useful有用的；D.tight紧的，牢固的。根据上文The lug nuts were rusty可知，螺母生锈了特别紧。故选D。‎ ‎【28题详解】‎ 考查形容词辨析。句意：车轮螺母生锈了，而且很紧，车轮扳手有点小，但过了一会儿我把那个漏气的轮胎卸下来了，换上了备胎。A.spare备用的；B.worn用坏的；C.clean干净的；D.cheap便宜的。根据常识可知，每辆车都有一个备胎，此处指作者就把坏胎卸掉，换上了备胎。。故选A。‎ ‎【29题详解】‎ 考查名词辨析。句意：当我说再见的时候，那位女士这次含着欣慰的泪拥抱了我。A.pride自豪；B.regret后悔；C.pain疼痛；D.relief减轻，宽慰。因为作者帮助她换胎，她感到轻松欣慰。故选D。‎ ‎【30题详解】‎ 考查名词辨析。句意：我挥挥手，对她的赞赏有些不好意思。A.appreciation感谢，欣赏；B.doubt怀疑；C.expectation期待；D.surprise惊奇。根据下文After all, it had just been one kind act.可知，正在认为这只是一个善举，因此对她的赞赏有些不好意思。故选A。‎ ‎【31题详解】‎ 考查名词辨析。句意：我花了很多年才理解到一个善举的真正力量。A.cause原因；B.danger危险；C.power力量；D.pressure压力。根据下文One kind act can change the world.可知，此处指善举的真正力量。故选C。‎ ‎【32题详解】‎ 考查名词辨析。句意：一个善举能教会你的爱胜过千言万语。A.curiosity好奇；B.love爱；C.courage勇气；D.desire欲望。根据上文One kind act can change the world.可知，此处指一个善举能教会你的爱胜过千言万语。故选B。‎ ‎【33题详解】‎ 考查形容词辨析。句意：一个善举可以拯救一个失去的灵魂和治愈一颗破碎的心。A.light明亮的；B.broken破碎的；C.brave勇敢的；D.cold冷酷的。根据上文One kind act can save a lost soul可知，此处指治愈一颗破碎的心。故选B。‎ ‎【34题详解】‎ 考查名词辨析。句意：永远不要放弃用自己的善良来使这个世界变得更美好的可能性。A.kindness善良；B.patience耐心；C.interest兴趣；D.wisdom明智。根据下文Always choose to be kind.可知，我们永远不要放弃用自己的善良来使这个世界变得更美好的可能性。故选A。‎ ‎【35题详解】‎ 考查动词辨析。句意：每一天，我们都面临着是残忍还是善良的选择。A.tough艰苦的；B.busy忙碌的；C.cruel残忍的；D.free自由的。根据空后or kind及Always choose to be kind.可知，此处指面临是残忍还是善良的选择。故选C。‎ ‎【点睛】完形填空的解题技巧之一就是要根据上下文来学会“推理”出最佳选项。同学们要遵循“上下求索”的原则来查找信息。例如，第16小题要求判断出作者是什么样的父亲。该题可根据下文baby boy可知，作者是一位年轻的爸爸。结合选项A.great伟大的；B.young年轻的；C.lazy懒惰的；D.rich富有的。由此可知，B选项正确。‎ 三、阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2.5分，共50分）‎ A Activities in Cincinnati Museum Center Movie Magic Camp Everything is awesome at Museum Camp! Discover what happens behind the scenes of a movie. Learn how to make a storyboard, study movie magic secrets and create an animation movie（动画片）.‎ Admission: Admission Fee Age Range: Grades 1-6‎ Category: Programs, Children, Education Time: 9:00 am to 4:00 pm Inside a Viking（斯坦的纳维亚人）Home Take a look at the inside of a Viking home.‎ Admission: Free to Members or with Museum Admission Age Range: Early Childhood, Grades 1-6, Preteen, Teen, Adult Category: Traveling Exhibits Time: 11:00 am to 12:00 pm Parochial（教区的）and Private Schools History Session Hear about the establishment of private, Catholic, Jewish and other independent schools in Cincinnati including the growth of early Irish and German speaking schools.‎ Admission: Admission Fee Age Range: Adult Category: Programs, History, Education Time: 7:00 pm to 8:30 pm Galaxy（星系）Explorers Come to a camp that’s sure to be out of this world! Discover secrets of our solar system and learn about galaxies far away!‎ Admission: Admission Fee Age Range: Early Childhood, Teen Category: Programs, Science, Children, Education Time: 9:00 am to 5:00 pm ‎36. What can we do at Movie Magic Camp?‎ A. Tell your favorite story. B. Listen to a wonderful story.‎ C. Learn how to make movies. D. Appreciate an animation movie.‎ ‎37. What is special about Inside a Viking Home?‎ A. It is free to all people. B. It suits both kids and adults.‎ C. It is open in the early morning. D. It allows visitors to live in a house.‎ ‎38. When can visitors learn about the history of some schools?‎ A. 9:00 am to 4:00 pm. B. 9:00 am to 5:00 pm.‎ C. 7:00 pm to 8:30 pm. D. 11:00 am to 12:00 pm.‎ ‎39. Which activity would a science-lover probably be interested in?‎ A. Galaxy Explorers B. Movie Magic Camp C. Inside a Viking Home D. Parochial and Private Schools History Session ‎40. Where is the text probably taken from?‎ A. A poster. B. A report.‎ C. A novel. D. A textbook.‎ ‎【答案】36. C 37. B 38. C 39. A 40. A ‎【解析】‎ 本文为应用文。主要介绍了辛辛那提博物馆中心的几个活动。‎ ‎【36题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据Movie Magic Camp部分中的“Learn how to make a storyboard, study movie magic secrets and create an animation movie”可知，在Movie Magic Camp中可学习如何制作剧情梗概系列图片，学习电影魔术的秘诀，以及如何制作动画电影等。由此可知，在这儿可学习如何制作电影。分析选项可知C项符合题意，故选C。‎ ‎【37题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据Inside a Viking Home中的“Age Range: Early Childhood, Grades 1-6, Preteen, Teen, Adult”可知， Inside a Viking Home适合幼儿、少年、青少年和成年人等。分析选项可知B符合题意，故选B。‎ ‎【38题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据Parochial and Private Schools History Session部分中的“Hear about the establishment of private, Catholic, Jewish and other independent schools in Cincinnati including the growth of early Irish and German speaking schools....Time: 7:00 pm to 8:30 pm”‎ 可知，要想了解学校的历史，就要到Parochial and Private Schools History Session，时间就是7:00 pm to 8:30 pm。故选C。‎ ‎【39题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据Galaxy（星系）Explorers部分中的“Come to a camp that’s sure to be out of this world! Discover secrets of our solar system and learn about galaxies far away! ” 可知，在Galaxy Explorers中可以发现太阳系的秘密，了解遥远的星系，这些就是科学爱好者喜欢的活动，故选A。‎ ‎【40题详解】‎ 推理判断题。本文第一段中的“Activities in Cincinnati Museum Center”以及下文的内容可知，本文主要介绍了辛辛那提博物馆中心的几个活动。由此可推断出这些内容摘自海报，故选A。‎ B I arrived in this beautiful Spanish island at the start of September, full of enthusiasm and eager to start work as an English teacher. I sorted all the necessary paperwork out and moved into a flat of my own within the first couple of days. Great! Or so I thought. As 4 am and at several intervals after that, I was rudely awoken by the cock that lives opposite me. Fantastic! I now have 5 extra alarms every morning.‎ In the following weeks, I also started to notice a trend. Things in my flat started to break at the rate of one object per day, like the hot water, bowls, cups, shower, doors or glass shelves. Yes, I am clumsy（笨拙的）but things just fell apart. If it wasn’t broken, it would either be dirty or missing. Using my washing basket for the first time was pretty disgusting. When I took out my clothes, they were swiftly followed by a hundred or so bugs that were living in the bottom.‎ As for（至于）the general lack of equipment in the house, there was no oven, tin opener, sharp knives or potato peeler. It turns out making a burger from scratch wasn’t the best idea. I have a small microwave and a grill（钻）. I thought the general understanding was never to put metal in a microwave but I went with it. Smoke soon started to appear. I was not quite sure if it was the burger or the grill but as soon as I opened the door, the electricity cut out. I spent the following 10 minutes in a dark, smoky room hunting for the power switch using the light from my mobile phone, which broke the week after and left me without a connection to the outer world.‎ Luckily, I’m now borrowing a phone and my luck has returned. No more things have broken ‎ (probably because there is nothing left to break). I’ve also realized that even if a flat looks pretty, it doesn’t mean its contents（内容）work. I am also learning how to adapt to life with limited, broken utensils（厨房用具）.‎ ‎41. How did the author feel right after her reaching the island?‎ A. Excited. B. Nervous.‎ C. Confident. D. Exhausted.‎ ‎42. What problem did the author have in the morning?‎ A. She often slept late. B. Her alarm failed to work.‎ C. She got some noisy neighbors. D. Her sleep was disturbed by a rooster.‎ ‎43. What can we know about the author from Paragraph 2?‎ A. She was a very careful woman. ‎ B. She was quite satisfied with her flat.‎ C. Her flat was pretty old but comfortable. ‎ D. Her household articles（物品）were in poor condition.‎ ‎44. What happened when the author was making a burger?‎ A. She was seriously injured. B. She made a terrible mistake.‎ C. She broke her phone accidentally. D. She suffered a sudden power failure.‎ ‎45. What is the next mainly about?‎ A. Remaining optimistic. B. How to choose a nice flat.‎ C. Learning to live in a new flat. D. Why living abroad is not easy.‎ ‎【答案】41. A 42. D 43. D 44. B 45. C ‎【分析】‎ 本文是记叙文。主要叙述了作者适应新的生活环境的过程。作者在九月份满怀热情地来到一个美丽的西班牙小岛，搬进了新公寓后的生活，因为睡觉被打扰，公寓里的用品状况不佳，缺乏设备等。这让作者很不适应，后来情况逐渐好转，适应了这种新的公寓生活。‎ ‎【41题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第一段“I arrived in this beautiful Spanish island at the start of September, full of enthusiasm and eager to start work as an English teacher. I sorted all the necessary paperwork out and moved into a flat of my own within the first couple of days. Great!” ‎ 九月初，我来到这个美丽的西班牙小岛，满怀热情，渴望开始当一名英语老师。我整理了所有必要的文件，在最初的几天里搬进了自己的公寓。感觉太棒了！根据文中的用词“enthusiasm”、“eager”、“Great！”可知，作者刚到小岛，非常激动（Excited），故选A。‎ ‎【42题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“As 4 am and at several intervals after that, I was rudely awoken by the cock that lives opposite me.”可知，在那之后的几段时间里，我被对面的公鸡粗暴地叫醒了。由此可知，一只公鸡打鸣打扰了作者的睡觉，故选D。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Things in my flat started to break at the rate of one object per day, like the hot water, bowls, cups, shower, doors or glass shelves. Yes, I am clumsy but things just fell apart. If it wasn’t broken, it would either be dirty or missing.”可知，在接下来的几周里我公寓里的东西开始以每天一个物体的速度损坏，比如热水、碗、杯子、淋浴、门或玻璃架子。由此可知，作者的家用物品状况不佳，不是很容易坏掉就是很脏或找不到。分析选项可知D项（她的家居用品状况很差）符合题意，故选D。‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“I thought the general understanding was never to put metal in a microwave but I went with it. Smoke soon started to appear”可知，作者一时糊涂把金属器具放进了微波炉，导致浓烟滚滚，可见作者犯一个严重的错误。故选B。‎ ‎【45题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。本文主要叙述了作者在九月份满怀热情地来到一个美丽的西班牙小岛，搬进了新公寓后的生活，起初很不适应，睡觉被打扰，公寓里的用品状况不佳，缺乏设备等。后来情况逐渐好转，自己也学会如何适应这种新的公寓生活。分析选项可知，C项（学习在新公寓中生活）符合题意，故选C。‎ ‎【点睛】推理判断试题属于高层次阅读理解题。这种题型包括判断题和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了得出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。第4小题属于推理判断题。根据第三段中的“I thought the general understanding was never to put metal in a microwave but I went with it. Smoke soon started to appear”可知，作者一时糊涂把金属器具放进了微波炉，导致浓烟滚滚，可见作者犯一个严重的错误。故选B。‎ 根据事实细节，推断合理信息。推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，作出 一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。也就是说，要做到判断有据, 推论有理, 忠实原文。切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。‎ C I was in the garden with Augie, my grandson, watching the bees. “How do they make honey?” Augie asked. “Actually, Augie, I don’t know,” I replied. “But, Grandmom, you have your phone,” he said. For Augie, holding a smartphone almost means knowing everything.‎ During my childhood I was crazy about a powerful device（设备）that transports the user to an alternate reality. I spent most of my waking hours on it, unaware of the world around me. The device was, of course, the book. Over time, reading hijacked（控制）my brain, as large areas once processing the real world adapted to processing the printed word. As far as I can tell, this early immersion（沉浸）didn’t prevent my development, but it did leave me with some illusions（幻想）– my idea of romantic love surely came from novels.‎ Many parents worry that “screen time” will damage children’s development, but recent research suggests that most of the common fears about children and screens are unfounded. There is one exception: looking at screens before bed really disturbs sleep, in people of all ages. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) used to recommend strict restrictions（限制）on screen exposure（暴露）. Last year, the organization examined the relevant science more thoroughly and changed its recommendations. The new guidelines emphasize that what matters is content and context, what children watch and with whom.‎ New tools have always led to panicky（紧张不安的）guesses. The novel, the telephone, and the television were all declared to be the End of Civilization, particularly in the hands of the young. Part of the reason may be that adult brains require a lot of focus and effort to learn something new, while children’s brains are designed to master new environments naturally. New technologies always seem disturbing to the adults attempting to master them, and transparent and obvious – not really technology at all – to those children like Augie.‎ When Augie’s father got home, Augie rushed to meet him and said in excitement. “Daddy, Daddy, look,” he said, reaching for my phone. “Do you know how bees make honey? I’ll show you…”‎ ‎46. What is the purpose of the first paragraph?‎ A. To introduce a topic. ‎ B. To present an argument.‎ C. To clarify（表明）the author’s writing purpose. ‎ D. To give information on main characters.‎ ‎47. What can be learned about the author?‎ A. She had an unhappy childhood. B. She was interested in reading novels.‎ C. She was addicted to an electronic device. D. She paid much attention to the real world.‎ ‎48. What does the AAP probably advise people to do?‎ A. Limit children’s screen time. B. Don’t chat online with strangers.‎ C. Don’t stare at a screen before bedtime. D. Guide children on their screen devices.‎ ‎49. In the author’s opinion, why do adults react to new things differently from children?‎ A. They don’t want to change.‎ B. Their learning ability decreases with age.‎ C. They have no desire for the dynamic world.‎ D. Their learning methods differ from children’s.‎ ‎50. What might be the author’s attitude to “screen time”?‎ A. Doubtful. B. Supportive.‎ C. Disapproving（反对的）. D. Contradictory（相互矛盾的）.‎ ‎【答案】46. A 47. B 48. D 49. D 50. B ‎【解析】‎ 本文是议论文。作者认为，手机和电脑是现代人获取知识的重要工具，我们要做的不是禁止孩子们使用，而是对其进行必要的引导。‎ ‎【46题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“...holding a smartphone almost means knowing everything.”中通过与孙子的对话，提出现代社会孩子也会常用手机学习。和下文对“是否应该禁止孩子们使用手机、电脑等设备”的论述可推断出，作者在第一段中通过与孙子的对话引出了本文将要讨论的话题。故选A。‎ ‎【47题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“During my childhood I was crazy about a powerful device（设备）that transports the user to an alternate reality. I spent most of my waking hours on it, unaware of the world around me. The device was, of course, the book. Over time, reading ‎ hijacked（控制）my brain”以及“my idea of romantic love surely came from novels.”可知，作者小时把大部分时间放在书本上，忘却了周围的世界。随着时间的推移，阅读控制了大脑...我对浪漫爱情的看法肯定来自小说。由此可推断出作者小时候很喜欢读小说。故选B项。‎ ‎【48题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) used to recommend strict restrictions（限制）on screen exposure（暴露）. Last year, the organization examined the relevant science more thoroughly and changed its recommendations. The new guidelines emphasize that what matters is content and context, what children watch and with whom.” 美国儿科学会（AAP）曾建议严格限制屏幕曝光。去年，该组织对相关科学进行了更彻底的审查，并修改了建议。新的指导方针强调，重要的是看的内容和情境、以及孩子们看的什么、和谁一起看。由此可推断出，American Academy of Pediatrics 认为影响孩子们的是“看什么”和“和谁看”，而不是“看多久”，因此家长应当在孩子们使用电脑，手机等屏幕设备时要进行引导，故选D。‎ ‎【49题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Part of the reason may be that adult brains require a lot of focus and effort to learn something new, while children’s brains are designed to master new environments naturally”可知，成年人学习新事物需要专注和努力，而小孩子则是很自然就掌握了新知识，这两种不同的学习方式导致了二者对新事物所表现出的不同的态度。分析选项可知，D项（成年人的学习方法不同于孩子）符合题意，故选D。‎ ‎【50题详解】‎ 推理判断题。本文第一段提出现代的孩子离不开手机和电脑等，那么到底是否应该禁止孩子们用手机和电脑？接着下文用事实来说明对孩子使用手机的担心是没有必要的。影响孩子们的是“看什么”和“和谁看”，而不是“看多久”，因此家长应当在孩子们使用电脑，手机等屏幕设备时要进行正确引导。以及最后一段Augie rushed to meet him and said in excitement. “Daddy, Daddy, look,” he said, reaching for my phone. “Do you know how bees make honey? I’ll show you...。奥吉和父亲的对话可知，作者认为孩子用手机能学到知识，是有好处的，因此是持支持态度的。分析选项可知B项（Supportive），故选B。‎ D I was recently surfing the Internet when I came across a collection of strange beach photos where everyone had a cloth wall surrounding their little patch of sand. I had never seen anything ‎ like it before, and I was intrigued. So I started Googling all sorts of phrases that might throw light on the mystery of Polish beach separators.‎ I found a site on Poland’s affairs that actually covered this “phenomenon（现象）” quite exactly. According to the site, beach separators have been a part of Polish beach-going culture for a long time, but have recently been getting a lot of attention online, after foreign tourists started posting photos on social networks.‎ Beach separators vary in size according to the size of the group. You’ll see tiny ones only surrounding the space around a single beach towel, and giant ones separating a large part of the beach. They weren’t designed to protect their users from prying（窥探）eyes. It’s no secret that strong winds are very common on the shores of the Baltic Sea, so they were originally meant to allow beach-goers to enjoy sunbathing without having their belongings blown away, or sand blown in their faces.‎ However, in recent years, people have begun criticizing them. During the summer, beach separators are placed so close to each other that a person can hardly pass between them, let alone（更不必说）find a place to put their own beach towels. This creates a problem for foreign tourists unfamiliar with them, who just want a place to lie down on the sand. And thus they can easily create all kinds of conflicts（冲突）due to the lack of space. For example, some people leave the beach for hours but leave their separators in place, to make sure that their space doesn’t get occupied by someone else.‎ Having visited a fair number of seaside resorts（胜地）across Europe, I admire that I have never seen anything like this before.‎ ‎51. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “intrigued” in Paragraph 1?‎ A. Amused. B. Satisfied.‎ C. Interested. D. Encouraged.‎ ‎52. What do we know about the beach separators?‎ A. They are a special tradition in Poland.‎ B. They are man-made scenery in Poland.‎ C. They are a temporary phenomenon in Poland.‎ D. They are becoming popular around the world.‎ ‎53. Why do the beach-goers set up separators?‎ A. To have a good sunbath. B. To attract others’ attention.‎ C. To keep themselves in private. D. To protect themselves from thieves.‎ ‎54. What are beach separators blamed for?‎ A. They cause plenty of garbage. B. They take up too much space.‎ C. They fail to function properly. D. They look strangely out of place.‎ ‎55. What is the text mainly about?‎ A. A new Polish attraction. ‎ B. Big challenges on the beach.‎ C. Beach space separators in Poland. ‎ D. An unforgettable journey to Poland.‎ ‎【答案】51. C 52. A 53. A 54. B 55. C ‎【分析】‎ 本文为说明文。作者主要介绍了波兰特有的沙滩文化——混杂的海滩分隔栏。‎ ‎【51题详解】‎ 猜测词义题。第一段提出网上偶然发现一组奇怪的海滩照片，“... I had never seen anything like it before, and I was intrigued”以前从未看过， “So I started Googling all sorts of phrases that might throw light on the mystery of Polish beach separators.” 于是上网搜索。由此可知，因为以前从未看过，对些感兴趣（interested）才会去网上搜索。分析选项A. Amused有趣的；B. Satisfied满意的；C. Interested感兴趣的；D. Encouraged激励人的。由此可推断出“intrigued”的意思就是“Interested（感兴趣的）”。可知C项符合题意，故选C。‎ ‎【52题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第二段“According to the site, beach separators have been a part of Polish beach-going culture for a long time,” 据该网站介绍，海滩隔离带长期以来一直是波兰海滩旅游文化的一部分。由此可判断出这是波兰的一个特殊的传统。其中A项中的a special tradition in Poland与文章中的“a part of Polish beach-going culture for a long time”是同义词，故A项符合题意，故选A。‎ ‎【53题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第三段最后“so they were originally meant to allow beach-goers to enjoy sunbathing without having their belongings blown away, or sand blown in their faces.” ‎ 可知，他们这样做的初衷是让去海滩的人享受日光浴，而不担心自己的东西会被吹走、沙子吹到脸上。由此可知，这样做的目的就是能好好地晒太阳。分析选项可知A项符合题意，故选A。‎ ‎【54题详解】‎ 推理判断题。最后一段“...people have begun criticizing them....beach separators are placed so close to each other that a person can hardly pass between them, let alone find a place to put their own beach towels. This creates a problem for foreign tourists unfamiliar with them, who just want a place to lie down on the sand. And thus they can easily create all kinds of conflicts due to the lack of space”可知，这种隔离带靠得太紧，穿过时不方便，找不到地方放毛巾等。这给不熟悉这儿的外国游客带来了一个问题，他们只想找个地方躺在沙滩上（却难找到地方可躺着）。因此，由于缺乏空间，它们很容易产生各种冲突。由此可推断出隔离带占用了大量的空间是人们批评它的主要原因。故B项符合题意，故选B。‎ ‎【55题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“So I started Googling all sorts of phrases that might throw light on the mystery of Polish beach separators.”可知，作者上网想查找波兰海滩隔离带的奥秘。下文介绍作者对在网上的搜索内容可知，这是波兰特有的沙滩文化。因此本文主要介绍了海滩隔离带是波兰特有的沙滩文化。分析选项可知C项符合题意，故选C。‎ ‎【点睛】在阅读中我们经常会考查猜测词义题。事实上，阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落都有联系。运用逻辑推理猜测词义是使用最广考查最多也最易失分的猜词方式，这要求考生具备整合分散、复杂信息的能力，充分利用上下文（各种已知信息）并结合具体的语境推测、判断某些词或短语的词义。例如第1小题词意猜测题。猜测词义题。第一段提出网上偶然发现一组奇怪的海滩照片，“... I had never seen anything like it before, and I was intrigued”以前从未看过， “So I started Googling all sorts of phrases that might throw light on the mystery of Polish beach separators.” 于是上网搜索。由此可知，因为以前从未看过，对些感兴趣（interested）才会去网上搜索。分析选项A. Amused有趣的；B. Satisfied满意的；C. Interested感兴趣的；D. Encouraged激励人的。可知C项符合题意，故选C。‎ 四、阅读表达 Every year, thousands of teenagers participate in programs at their local art museums. But do any of them remember their time at museum events later in life? A new report suggests that the answer is yes – and finds that alumni（毕业生）of arts-based museum programs credit them with changing the course of their lives, even years after the fact.‎ The Whitney Museum of American Art, the Walker Art Center and the Museum of ‎ Contemporary Art, Los Angeles recently asked researchers to conduct a study to find out how effective their long-standing teen art programs really are. They involved over 300 former participants of four programs for teens that have been in existence since the 1990s. Alumni, whose current ages range from 18 to 36, were invited to find out how they viewed their participation years after the fact.‎ Among the alumni surveyed, 75 percent of alumni rated the teen program experience as the most favorable impact on their own lives, beating family, school and their neighborhoods. Nearly 55 percent thought that it was one of the most important experiences they’d ever had, regardless of age. And two-thirds said that they were often in situations where their experience in museums affected their actions or thoughts.‎ It turns out that participating in art programs also helps keep teens enthusiastic about culture even after they reach adulthood: 96 percent of participants had visited an art museum within the last two years, and 68 percent had visited an art museum five or more times within the last two years. Thirty-two percent of program alumni work in the arts as adults.‎ Though the study is the first of its kind to explore the impact of teen-specific art programs in museums, it reflects other research on the important benefits of engaging with the arts. A decade of surveys by the National Endowment for the Arts found that childhood experience with the arts is significantly associated with their income and educational attainment（成就）as adults. Other studies have linked arts education to everything from lower drop-out rates to improvement in critical thinking skills.‎ ‎56. What is the purpose of the study conducted? (no more than 15 words)‎ ‎___________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎57. What do the figures（数字）in Paragraph 3 show? (no more than 10 words)‎ ‎___________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎58. What does Paragraph 4 tell us about art programs? (no more than 10 words)‎ ‎___________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎59. What does the underlined word in the third paragraph probably mean? (1 word)‎ ‎___________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎60. What do you think of the art programs? Give your reason. (no more than 20 words)‎ ‎___________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【答案】56. To find out how effective their long-standing teen art programs really are. ‎ ‎57. Teen art programs in museums are highly beneficial. ‎ ‎58. They help keep teens enthusiastic about culture. / Positive effects of art programs on teens. ‎ ‎59. Influence. / Effect. ‎ ‎60. They are of great use because they have a life-long positive effect on us in many aspects.‎ ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，博物馆艺术项目会对青少年的未来生活产生重要的积极影响。‎ ‎【56题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段“... conduct a study to find out how effective their long-standing teen art programs really are.”可知，这项研究的目的就是以了解他们长期以来的青少年艺术项目到底多有效。故本题的答案就是：To find out how effective their long-standing teen art programs really are.‎ ‎【57题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第三段 “Among the alumni surveyed, 75 percent of alumni rated the teen program experience as the most favorable impact on their own lives, beating family, school and their neighborhoods. Nearly 55 percent thought that it was one of the most important experiences they’d ever had, regardless of age. And two-thirds said that they were often in situations where their experience in museums affected their actions or thoughts.”中的数据可知，在接受调查的校友中，75%的校友认为青少年项目经历对他们自己的生活最有利，远远胜于家庭、学校和社区的影响。近55%的人认为无论年龄大小这种经历是他们有过的最重要的经历之一，三分之二的人说，他们博物馆经历一直影响他们行动或思想。由此可判断出青少年博物馆艺术项目是非常成功的，有好处的。故本题的答案是：Teen art programs in museums are highly beneficial。‎ ‎【58题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“It turns out that participating in art programs also helps keep teens enthusiastic about culture even after they reach adulthood...Thirty-two percent of program alumni work in the arts as adults.”可知，这些艺术项目有助于培养具有文化意识的成年人。故本题答案为：They help keep teens enthusiastic about culture. / Positive effects of art programs on ‎ teens.‎ ‎【59题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第二段“... conduct a study to find out how effective their long-standing teen art programs really are.”可知，这项研究的目的就是以了解青少年艺术项目到底有多大的效果。第三段划线词“the most favorable impact”后的内容“Nearly 55 percent thought that it was one of the most important experiences they’d ever had, regardless of age. And two-thirds said that they were often in situations where their experience in museums affected their actions or thoughts.”可知，本段主要叙述了这些艺术项目有助于培养具有文化意识的成年人。即对这些人在文化方面的影响。由此可知，此处的“impact”就是“影响”即“influence / effect”，故填Influence/ Effect。‎ ‎【60题详解】‎ 推理判断题。本文第一段 “Every year, thousands of teenagers participate in programs at their local art museums. But do any of them remember their time at museum events later in life?” 想知道“成千上万的青少年参加当地艺术博物馆的项目，那么博物馆艺术项目对青少年有影响吗？”。在第二段至第四段用数据说明博物馆艺术项目有深远的影响。尤其是“Thirty-two percent of program alumni work in the arts as adults”、“found that childhood experience with the arts is significantly associated with their income and educational attainment（成就）as adults.”可知，艺术项目会对青少年的未来生活的许多方面产生重要的积极影响，这个影响是深远。故本题的答案为：They are of great use because they have a life-long positive effect on us in many aspects。‎ 五、书面标题（共25分）‎ ‎61.你在英国曼彻斯特的朋友Jim通过邮件告诉你，2017年夏天，中国的共享单车在英国登陆，受到了英国人极大的欢迎。请你回复一封邮件，简要介绍共享单车在天津的情况，并阐述共享单车的优点（不少于两点）和存在的问题（不少于一点），最终表明自己对共享单车的态度。‎ 注意：（1）词数不少于100；‎ ‎（2）开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。‎ 提示信息：（1）2017年天津共享单车接近100万辆；‎ ‎（2）手机应用smartphone APP ‎（3）二维码the QR code Dear Jim,‎ I am glad to hear that China’s shared bikes have lunched service in the UK and bike sharing has become new way of transport for you.‎ ‎_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ Yours,‎ Li Jin ‎【答案】Dear Jim,‎ I am glad to hear that China’s shared bikes have launched service in the UK and bike sharing has become new way of transport for you.‎ It’s very convenient to use if you have a mobile phone. What you do is to find a nearest shared bike through the APP, scan the QR code on the bike, and enjoy your trip.‎ It is reported that there were about one million shared bikes in Tianjin in 2017. Compared with other forms of transport, the greatest advantage of shared bikes is that you can easily find one and never worry about where to park it. It is becoming a new trend as a means of transportation, which relieves the traffic pressure and does good to the environment as well. However, there is also some disturbing news connected with it. Some shared bikes are parked everywhere, making the city roads messy and dangerous.‎ As far as I’m concerned, as long as people park the bikes in the right places and obey the traffic rules, I’m definitely in favor of shared bikes.‎ Hope to ride a shared bike with you in China Yours,‎ Li Jin ‎【分析】‎ 本文为应用文。你在英国曼彻斯特的朋友Jim通过邮件告诉你，2017年夏天，中国的共享单车在英国登陆，受到了英国人极大的欢迎。请你回复一封邮件，简要介绍共享单车在天津的情况，2017年天津共享单车接近100万辆。并阐述共享单车的优点（不少于两点）和存在的问题（不少于一点），最后表明自己对共享单车的态度。‎ ‎【详解】本文为材料作文。分析所给的材料可知，本文主要分为三部分内容。第一部分对于英国朋友Jim的邮件内容带到高兴。第二部分简要介绍共享单车在天津的使用情况，即用手机上的应用程序扫描自行车上的二维码，即可享受服务。第三部分阐述共享单车的优点（不少于两点）和存在的问题（不少于一点），最终表明自己对共享单车的态度。优点如易于找到共享单车而且不用担心停车问题（easily find one and never worry about where to park it），还是环保的（good to the environment）。但问题也有，如共享单车随处停放，影响交通（park everywhere, make the city roads messy and dangerous.）等。词数不少于100。在第三部分叙述共享单车的优点和存在的问题时，要运用顺序连词把各个小点串起来，同时运用自己熟悉的复合句或非谓语等，这样的文章更有水平。‎ ‎【点睛】本文要点完整，脉络清晰。文中运用了许多高级词汇，如compared with; worry about; relieve the traffic pressure ;do good to ....be connected with...; be in favor of...等。文中的句式灵活多变，有复杂句I am glad to hear that China’s shared bikes have launched service in the UK and bike sharing has become new way of transport for you；以及复杂句... the greatest advantage of shared bikes is that you can easily find one and never worry about where to park it。也有简单的常用句式It’s very convenient to use if you have a mobile phone。同时复合句运用的也不少，如主语从句 What you do is to find a nearest shared bike through the APP；名词从句It is reported that there were about one million shared bikes in Tianjin in 2017；定语从句 It is becoming a new trend as a means of transportation, which relieves the traffic pressure and does good to the environment as well以及状语从句as long as people park the bikes in the right places and obey the traffic rules, I’m definitely in favor of shared bikes。文中还多处运用了非谓语形式，如非谓语作定语 there is also some disturbing news connected with it；非谓语作状语Some shared bikes are parked everywhere, making the city roads messy and dangerous等。由此可看出，这些词汇和句式的运用体现了作者熟练掌握英语的能力。‎