专题40阅读填空（三）-2017年高考英语二轮核心考点总动员 9页

专题 40 阅读填空（三）‎ 关键词：阅读理解,推理,词汇复现,逻辑,语境 难度系数：✱✱✱✱ 推荐指数：✱✱✱✱✱‎ ‎【基础回顾】]‎ 考点归纳：]‎ ‎“七选五”型阅读理解题，试题模式为：给出一篇缺少五个句子的文章，对应有七个选项，要求同学们根据文章结构、内容，选出正确的句子，填入相应的空白处。《考试说明》对该题型命题目的的表述为“主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。” 　　此题型文章中有5处空白，在阅读过程中，如果不明白文章的主旨和段落主题、作者的写作意图，就很难顺畅地读下去、读明白，自然就很难选出正确答案。而一个空填错势必又影响到对另外一个空的选择。另外，此题有5个空白处，却提供7个选项，因此有2个选项是多余的干扰选项，从而又加大了选出正确答案的难度。 　　该题型要求同学们从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和内容上的联系，理解句子之间、段落之间的关系，对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征有较强的意识和熟练的把握。]‎ 基础必读：‎ 逻辑关系型 根据上下文的语境及逻辑关系进行推理找到正确答案是阅读填空最常见的命题形式。试题中常出现的表示逻辑关系的词及短语通常有以下四类： 　(a)并列与递进关系： and, or, also，neither…nor…,either…or…, similarly, equally, in the same way, that is to say ,as well as, the same …as,besides, additionally, furthermore, moreover, in addition to ,what is more ‎　(b)因果关系：because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, so…that, consequently, accordingly, due to, thanks to, as a result ,because of ,in that, for this reason, of course]‎ ‎　(c)转折让步关系： but, however, yet, on the contrary, by contrast, on the other hand, unfortunately, while, whereas, unlike, rather than ,instead of, it is true that,of course,although, though, even though, even if, nevertheless, despite, in spite of ‎ (d)时间关系：afterwards, at first, at last, finally, first, firstly, in the first place, to start with，in ‎ the mean time, last, later, next, second, secondly, then, third, thirdly, to begin with以及一些具体的时间。]‎ ‎]‎ ‎2015·北京卷]‎ This way to dreamland]]‎ Daydreaming means people think about something pleasant, especially when this makes them forget what they should be doing. Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of what's happening around them. They can seem forgetful and clumsy.__71__They annoy us because they seem to be ignoring us and missing the important things.]‎ But daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history. __72__ Can you imagine what kind of world we would have without such ideas and inventions?‎ So how can you come up with brilliant daydreams and avoid falling over tree roots or otherwise looking like a fool?‎ First, understand that some opportunities(机会) for daydreaming are better than others. Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams.__73__ And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while you're daydreaming, try to do it while you are involved in another task—preferably something simple, like taking a shower or walking, or even making meaningless drawings. ]‎ It's also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concentrate. “Mindfulness”， being focused, is a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep.__74__‎ Finally, you never know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowly away.__75__‎ Always remember that your best ideas might come when your head is actually in the clouds.‎ A．Having interesting things to think about also helps.‎ B．They stare off into space and wander by themselves.]‎ C．Without wandering minds, we wouldn't have relativity, Coke or Postit notes.]‎ D．At one time, daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses.‎ E．It involves slow, steady breathing for selfcontrol that helps people stay calm and ‎ attentive.]‎ F．Daydreams are often very simple and direct, quite unlike sleep dreams, which may be hard to understand.‎ G．Therefore, it's a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when you're in the daydream zone.‎ ‎72. C 　考查逻辑例证。本段谈做白日梦的好处，greatest ideas and achievements是关键词，所以本空可以用例证说明greatest ideas and achievements指什么。‎ ‎73. A 　考查逻辑关系。本段开篇提出做白日梦的机会(opportunities)，后面提出增加机会的方法，三句为并列关系，阐述做什么能够帮助人更好地进入白日梦的状态，因此A选项中的关键词also helps最为符合。 ‎ ‎74. E 　考查逻辑关系。整段阐述如何做到专注，与E选项中的selfcontrol，stay calm and attentive相匹配。故选E。‎ ‎75. G 　考查逻辑关系。本段段首提出“…never know what wonderful idea might strike…”，后面应该提供具体的应对策略，所以建议最好随时把好的想法记录下来。而记录所需要的重要工具就是G选项中的notebook(笔记本)和voice recorder(录音设备)。故选G。]‎ ‎【技能方法】]‎ ‎1)如果问题在段首 　　(a)通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。 　　(b)与后文是并列、转折、因果关系等。着重阅读后文第一两句，锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中查找相关特征词。通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的，因此这两句间会有某种的衔接手段。　　 　　(c)段落间的过渡句。这时要前瞻后望找启示，即阅读上一段结尾部分，通常正确答案与上一段结尾有机地衔接起来，并结合下一段内容，看所选的答案是否将两段内容连贯起来。 　　2)如果问题在段尾 　　(a)空白前的一句或两句是重点语句，重点阅读以锁定关键词。 　　(b)通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。 　　(c)与前文是转折或对比关系。此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折、对比的关联词，同时注意选项中所讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立、对比关系。 　　(d)与前文是并列或排比关系。在这种情况下，通常是该段落要求补全说明本段主题的其他细节，因此根据段落一致性原则，在原文和选项中找到相关的特征词，通常在选项中会出现表示并列/递进关系的关联词或与前文类似的句式结构，或出现同义词等其他信号线索。前面的一句与正确答案的第一句是紧密相连的。要特别注意阅读这样相连的两句，通常会找到关键的线索词句。 　　(e)所选答案是引出下一段的内容。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接。认真阅读下一段开头几句，看是否与选项的最后一句紧密连接起来。 　　(f)如果第一段的段尾是空白，要认真阅读，看此处是细节还是主题。通常文章第一段要提出文章的主题，如果在段尾提出主题，会用一些信号词如转折词引出来，正确答案中应有这样的特征词。 　　3)如果问题是一整个自然段 　　(a)这个段落应该是承上启下，而且自成一体，即有一个段落的中心，因此可重点阅读选项中较长的选项，以此类推直至找到正确答案。 　　(b)着重阅读前一段结尾和后一段开头的一两句查找相关的线索，而且重要线索通常会在后一段开头，因此后一段开头往往比前一段结尾更为重要。 　　(c)分析段落之间的逻辑关系及内容的连贯性，注意段落间的衔接手段。将选项代入原文，如果前后内容连贯，符合逻辑，就能得出正确答案。]‎ ‎【基础达标】‎ ‎【江西师范大学附属中学2017届高三10月月考】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ With the summer holiday just around the corner, it seems like everybody is busy planning their vacations. Here are some tips that can help you enjoy your holiday without emptying your pocket.‎ Travel off-season Go to your desired destination while the demand is low and take advantage of huge discounts. During the peak season, the hotel and flight prices increase quickly, and you’ll likely spend more of your vacation time standing in line due to the rush of tourists. 36 ‎ ‎ 37 ]‎ Websites can help you find discount hotel rooms. Look for places that do not charge extra for children if they use the existing bedding. Stay with the locals. If you and your family are going to stay for a longer period, renting a small apartment is a good choice.‎ Eat like a local ‎ Why eat at big chain restaurants when you can experience something new? Planning your meals is another way to reduce your travel costs. During your family trip, try new food where the locals eat. 38 For smaller meals and snacks, avoid restaurants and try street food or other takeout. ‎ Don’t hesitate to bargain]‎ Tourist- heavy places are known for overcharging for just about everything.‎ Clothes, travel goodies, souvenirs, etc. are very expensive at these places. For this reason, you shouldn’t feel ashamed to ask for bargains. 39 ‎ Choose local transportation As a tourist, avoid taking taxis whenever possible, since they are expensive.]]‎ ‎ 40 If you are planning to stay for a while, you can consider renting a car. Hiring a car is much easier than carrying your bags everywhere if you are moving around a lot.‎ A. Save on hotels.‎ B. Surf the Internet while traveling.‎ C. Therefore, avoid buying anything there.‎ D. So it’s best to find out when the off-season starts.]‎ E. This will not only save money, but offer you a new and different experience. ‎ F. Bargain hard to get the best price.‎ G. Instead, take buses, railways or subways, which are always cheaper.]]]‎ ‎38.E考查上下文的理解判断能力。根据横线前一句Why eat at big chain restaurants when you can experience something new?当你能够经历一些新鲜东西的时候为什么要在大的连锁酒店吃呢？另外计划饮食也可以降低旅游开支。根据句意能够将两句前后串联。故E项正确。 39.F考查上下文的理解判断能力。根据横线前所述可知旅游中花费很高，由于这个原因，对于旅游中的便宜货不应感到羞愧。故F正确。 40.G考查上下文的理解判断能力。 根据标题选择当地交通可知下文应与交通有关，另外还提到了这个篇文章的主题，即避免出租车，因为他们昂贵。故G正确 ‎ ‎【能力提升】]‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ What problems do you have with your study? Do you want to improve the way you study? Do you feel nervous before a test? Many students say that a lack of concentration is their biggest problem. It seriously affects their ability to study, so do their test results. __36__ ‎ Study Techniques ‎ ‎ You should always study in the same place. You shouldn’t sit in a position that you use for another purpose. __37__ Don’t watch TV while you are studying. Experts warn that your concentration may be reduced by 50 percent if you attempt to study in this way. Always try to have a white wall in front of you, so there is nothing to distract you. Before sitting down to study, gather together all the equipment you need. Apart from your textbooks, pens, pencils and knives, make sure you have a dictionary. ‎ ‎ __38__ Finish one thing before beginning another. If you need a break, get up and walk around for a few minutes, but try not to telephone a friend or have something to eat. ‎ ‎ Test-taking Skills ‎ ‎ All your hard work will be for nothing if you are too nervous to take your test. Getting ‎ plenty of rest is very important. This means: do not study all night before your test! It is a better idea to have a long-term study plan. Try to make a timetable for your study which lasts for a few months. ]‎ ‎ __39__ Doing some form of exercise every day will also improve your concentration. Eat healthy food too. ‎ ‎ When you arrive in the examination room, find your seat and sit down. Breathe slowly and deeply. Check the time on the clock during the test, but not too often. ___40___ ‎ A. Above all, take no notice of everyone else and give the test paper your undivided attention. ‎ B. Your eyes will become tired if you try to read a text which is on a flat surface. ]‎ C. If so, use these tips to help you. ‎ D. Be realistic and don’t try to complete too much in one study period. ‎ E. For example, when you sit on a sofa to study, your brain will think it is time to relax. ‎ F. You will have enough energy to deal with your study and exams by eating healthy diet. ‎ G. Exercise is a great way to reduce pressure. ‎ ‎【解析】]‎ 试题分析：注意力不集中既影响学习能力又影响考试成绩，作者就怎样集中注意力给了我们一些建议。‎ ‎36.C考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。上文讲学习考试中遇到的具体问题，尤其是注意力不集中影响学习能力和考试成绩。是提出问题，C项：如果这样，下面建议会帮助你。引出下文的解决方法承上启下，故选C.]]‎ ‎37.E考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。上句讲要选择合适的学习地点，目的是学习不是其他。E项：如果你坐在沙发上学习，大脑就会认为该休息了。是对上句的具体解释，故选E.‎ ‎38.D考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。下文讲完成一件事再开始另一件，不要同时做几件事。D项：现实一些不要在同一学习阶段完成太多。与下文一致，故选D.‎ 考点：考查信息匹配。]]‎ ‎【终极闯关】‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ Job interviewing never seems to get any easier—even when you have gone on more interviews than you can count. 36 Here are job interview tips to help prepare you to interview effectively.‎ Practice Practice answering interview questions and practice your responses to the typical job interview questions and answers most employers ask. Think of concrete examples you can use to highlight your skills.]‎ Research Do your homework about the employer and the industry so you are ready for the question What do you know about this company. 37 If you’re not sure of the name, call and ask ahead of the interview. Try to relate what you have learned about the company when answering questions.‎ ‎ 38 ]‎ Make sure your interview dress is neat, tidy and appropriate for the type of firm you are interviewing with. Bring a nice folder with copies of your resume. Include a pen and paper for note taking.‎ Be On Time]‎ ‎ 39 Try to arrive at the interview on time. Being on time means five to ten minutes early. If necessary, take some time to drive to the interview location ahead of time.‎ Stay Calm]‎ During the job interview try to relax and stay as calm as possible . 40 Maintain eye contact with the interviewer. Listen to the entire question (active listening) before you answer and pay attention.]‎ Show What You Know Try to relate what you know about the company when answering questions and use examples from your research when answering related questions.‎ A. Get Ready.‎ B. Check yourself.]‎ C. Never be late for the interview.]‎ D. Keep it in mind that actions speak louder than words.‎ E. Know the interviewer’s name and use it during the job interview.‎ F. However, invest a little time ahead of the interview and it will be much easier to handle.‎ G. Remember your body languages as much as your answers to the questions.‎ ‎38.A考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段讲提前准备合适的穿着、简历、纸笔，这些都是提前的准备工作，A项概括全段，故选A.]‎ ‎39.C考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段讲面试要准时，C项：面试不要迟到，符合本段内容，故选C.‎ ‎40.G考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段讲面试要保持镇静，G项讲肢体语言的具体运用，符合本段内容，故选G.‎ 考点：考查信息匹配。‎