专题05 必修3Unit1-Unit2高频词汇分类解读-2018年高考英语备考中等生百日捷进提升系列 13页

‎2018年高考英语备考中等生百日捷进提升系列之英语 永升英语工作室 根据中等生基础知识不牢固的特点，将基础知识以2--3个单元为一讲，突出常考单词的背诵和用法区别。由于单选题退出大部分省份的英语试卷，所以这部分重点强调学练结合。集中识记常考的完形填空词汇；常考的阅读中出现的词汇；常考的书面表达中的句型。完形词汇重在词语的详细意思和词汇辨析；阅读词汇重在记住词义即可，但数量要大；书面表达句型重在在句子中背诵，力争背过的句子在话题中有高频的出现几率。这样可以大面积、迅速地提高成绩。聚焦少而精的知识，直接对接高考。‎ 练习重在做到有的放矢，基础练习以单词拼写、单词填空或短文填空为主。‎ 能力提升一定要由浅入深，让他们有成就感，迅速进入状态。句型复习采用翻译句子+背诵范文的方法。‎ 必修3 Unit1——Unit2‎ ‎ 词汇基础知识狂背：‎ I.常考的完形填空词汇及短语：（注意它们在完形中出现的几率极高，完形30分志在必得，现在开始狂背。）（1）词汇 ‎1.gain vt. & vi. 获得；赢得；(钟表)走快　n. 利益 ‎(1)He had gained weight and looked much better.他体重增加，脸色好看多了。 (2)He gained much profit from reading.他从读书中获益良多。 2. award vt. 颁奖，授予，判定　n. 奖，奖品 ‎(1)They awarded John the first prize.他们授予约翰一等奖。 (2)He won the award for his excellent skill.他由于他出色的技能而获奖。‎ ‎3. admire vt. 赞美；钦佩，羡慕 The school is widely admired for its excellent teaching.这所学校教学优秀，远近称誉。‎ ‎4. apologize v．道歉 Bill was apologizing to his friend for having kept her waiting for a long time. 比尔因让他的朋友等了好长时间正在道歉呢。‎ ‎5.remind v. 使想起；使记起；提醒 ‎ reminder n. 起提醒作用的人或物/remind sb. of sth./doing提醒某人(做)某事/remind sb. to do sth.提醒某人去做/remind sb. that...提醒某人……‎ The pictures remind me of my school days.这些照片使我想起学生时代。 6. forgive vt. 宽恕，原谅 ‎ forgive sb.for...原谅某人做了某事 ‎ I’ll never forgive you for what you said to me last night.我不会原谅你昨晚对我说的那些话。‎ ‎7.trick n. 计谋；诡计；欺诈 The girls were always playing tricks on their teacher.那些女孩子总是捉弄她们的老师。‎ ‎（2）短语 ‎1. in memory of 纪念 The museum was built in memory of the famous scientist.‎ 这个博物馆是为了纪念那位著名的科学家而建立的。‎ ‎2. dress up 盛装；打扮；装饰 dress sb./oneself 给……穿衣服；打扮/be/get dressed in＋(衣服或表颜色的词) 穿着……/dress＋adv.(或表目的、场合的介词短语) 穿着……‎ ‎3. look forward to 期望；期待；盼望 My mother said she was looking forward to meeting you.我妈妈说她正期待着与你见面。‎ ‎4.turn up 出现；到场；开大，调高，增加速度、音量、强度或流量 The book you have lost will turn up someday.你丢的那本书说不定哪一天又会找到。‎ ‎5.keep one’s word守信用；履行诺言 get in a word插话/嘴/have a word with sb.与某人谈话/have words with sb.与某人吵架/in a/one word简言之，总之/in other words(＝that is to say)换句话说/leave word留言/the last word最后决定；最后意见/ word for word一字不差地；逐字地 ‎【注意】keep one’s word相当于keep one’s promise，反义短语是break one’s word/promise。注意两短语中的word不可数，无复数。‎ ‎6.set off出发；动身；使爆炸 If you want to catch that train we’d better set off for the station immediately. 你要是想赶上那班火车，咱们最好马上动身去火车站。‎ ‎7.in the shape of 呈现某种形状；以某种形式 Tom’s birthday cake was in the shape of a train.汤姆的生日蛋糕是火车形状。‎ ‎（3）易混易错点拨 ‎1.gain/acquire/earn/achieve ‎(1)gain 收获；获得。指获得有用或必需的东西。可以用于体重、力量的增加，奖学金的获得，更常用于经验、知识、教育、满足等的获得。‎ ‎(2)acquire 购得，得到(尤指昂贵的或难以得到的东西)；获得，掌握(知识、技能等)。‎ ‎(3)earn 取得；赚得。通常指通过工作挣钱，也可以用于应该得到的东西，如支持、认同、声望或尊敬。‎ ‎(4)achieve 得到，获得。多指成就、目标、幸福的取得。‎ 在语境中体会运用 ‎(1)The movie star achieved success and wealth.‎ ‎(2)He earned a lot of praise from the public.‎ ‎(3)I'm new in the job but I'm already gaining experience.‎ ‎(4)I took on it as an opportunity to acquire fresh skills.‎ ‎2.dress/wear/put on/have on ‎(1)dress是动作动词，表示“给(人)穿衣/打扮”，后面的宾语是表示人的名词。常见的用法有dress sb./oneself, be dressed(in), dress well/quickly等。‎ ‎(2)wear是状态动词，表示“穿戴、佩戴(手表、首饰、花等)，留(发型、胡须)等”；还可表示“面露、面带(某种表情、样子等)”，意义广泛。‎ ‎(3)put on是动作动词，表示“穿(衣)戴(帽)”，后面的宾语是表示衣服等的名词。‎ ‎(4)have on是状态动词短语，除了表示“穿着，戴着”之外，还可表示树木等“披着，挂着”，不用进行时态。‎ 在语境中体会运用 ‎(1)It’s autumn. But the trees still have leaves on.‎ ‎(2)She was dressed in her brother’s clothes.‎ ‎(3)She wore an angry expression.‎ ‎(4)He put on his coat and went out.‎ ‎3.take place/happen/occur/break out/come about ‎(1)take place 其“发生”是按意图或计划进行，无偶然性，无被动语态。‎ ‎(2)happen 普通用语，其“发生”带有意外和偶然性。另可作“碰巧”讲，用法是 happen to do sth.，无被动语态。‎ ‎(3)occur 较正式用语，指具体事物时可与 happen互换(但 happen to do不可换成 occur to do)；另外 occur 有“突然想起”的意思，此时不可与 happen 互换，如 A good idea occurred to him.‎ ‎(4)break out (战争、火灾等)爆发；(疾病)突然发生。无被动语态。‎ ‎(5)come about “发生，产生”，指要解释或说明事情发生的理由，常与 how连用。‎ 在语境中体会运用 ‎(1)Our school sports meet will take place next Friday.‎ ‎(2)It never occurred to me that I had seen her before.‎ ‎(3)How did these differences come about？‎ ‎(4)There happened to be the book I was looking for.‎ ‎(5)SARS broke out all over China in the spring of 2003.‎ ‎(6)The Olympic Games take place every four years.‎ II.重点句型背诵 The clouds are gathering. It looks as if it is going to rain.乌云密布，天看起来像要下雨了。‎ She talks and talks as if she would never stop. 她说呀说呀，好像永远也说不完。‎ He talks as if a philosopher.他谈论起来就好像是一个哲学家似的。 You were meant to keep the children out of trouble.你有责任不让孩子们遇到麻烦。‎ You asked him to leave，and so he did.你要他离开，他这样做了。‎ He watered the flowers and so did I．他给花浇了水，我也浇了。‎ III.阅读理解技法每日点拨 抓主旨要义有两条思路 任何一篇文章都是围绕某一个中心思想逐步展开的，也就是说，每篇文章都有主旨要义。英语文章大多有主题段和段落主题句。阅读中，抓住了主题句就抓住了文章的灵魂。‎ 高考阅读理解中的主旨大意题(main idea, main theme, mainly about)、给文章选标题(title)、推断作者的写作目的(purpose, intend to)等题型直接要求我们把握主旨要义。事实上，把握了文章的主旨对解答其他类型的阅读题也非常有帮助。完形填空和语法填空也需要我们把握文章的主旨要义。因此，学会快速把握文章的主旨要义非常重要。‎ 要快速抓住文章的主旨要义就得采用略读法。略读就是重点看首尾段和每段的首尾句，迅速找出主题句，若有小标题的要特别留意。‎ 主题句在哪里?‎ ‎1. 文体判断法。‎ ‎(1)议论文的主题句通常在文首，有的在文尾，也有的首尾呼应。‎ ‎(2)新闻报道的主题句就是导语，即文章的首句。‎ ‎(3)有关反应科学实验或调研结果的报道或科普类说明文，其内容主要包括“科研实验结果+实验研究过程”两大部分，文章主旨就是科研结果，因此主题句通常在文首，且常伴有according to a study, a study showed/proved, this is suggested by the results of new research, scientists recently reported,‎ ‎ a study claimed等。‎ ‎(4)纯记叙文通常没有主题句，需要读者自己领悟，从中归纳提炼；但有的在文尾作者会发表感慨、感悟或就此发表议论，主旨也就在此；还有的先发表某种议论或感慨再讲一个故事或经历，主旨就在文首了。‎ ‎(5)有的议论文或说明文，作者首先是描述一种现象或讲述一个故事，为将要说明的事或表达某人观点打下铺垫或提供背景，然后用this/that is ...等承上启下的句子来点明文章要阐述的观点或主题，随后再进一步展开。主题句就出现在文章的中部了。‎ ‎2. 词句提醒法。‎ ‎(1)有but, however, in fact等语意转折的地方，其后通常是作者要表达的观点，即主题句。‎ ‎(2)作者表述观点之后通常会有for example来佐证，也就是说，在举例之前即为作者要表达的观点。‎ ‎(3)若是以问句开头的文章，其答句很可能就是文章的主题句，要着重理解。‎ ‎(4)在每个段落中或多个段落中反复出现的词语，很可能就是体现文章主旨的关键词，抓住了这样的关键词也就抓住了文章的主旨。‎ 即学即用 ‎【安徽省皖南八校2018届高三第二次联考】C Electronic devices can seem like a “third party" in some relationships because some partners spend more time on them than with each other.‎ When Amanda Gao, a 26-year-old white-collar worker in Beijing, went to a hotpot restaurant with her boyfriend on Friday night several weeks ago, she expected that they would have a good time together. To her disappointment, however, it did not turn out that way later. As soon as they were led to their seats and she began to order dishes, he buried himself in his mobile phone ‎“It seemed that his phone was making its way between us. A date that should have belonged to us turned into one where my boyfriend dated a third party and I felt left out. " Gao said. some people, like her, have found that electronics have been sabotaging(破坏) their romantic relationships.‎ A study, published in the journal Psychology of Popular Media Culture in April 2017, questioned nearly 200 college aged adults who were in committed relationships to report on their and their partner’s smartphone dependency. The results showed people who were more dependent on their phones were less sure about their relationships, and people who considered their partners excessively (过度地) dependent on their devices were less satisfied in their relationship.‎ Lin Yuan, a relationship advisor in Beijing, noted that as more and more electronics come ‎ out and spice up people’s lives, they are at the same time becoming a third party in relationships, especially for young people.‎ Lin said she knew of some people who suggest that electronics should be kept out of bedrooms, which she considered challenging and hard to be put into practice for most couples. She recommended that if people are feeling neglected in their relationship, they need to respectfully let their partners know their feeling. “Communication is always the best and the most efficient way,” she said.‎ ‎1. What is Gao’s feeling when entering the restaurant with her boyfriend?‎ A. Disappointed B. Expectant C. Annoyed D. Uneasy ‎2. Which of the following may Lin Yuan agree with?‎ A. Gao’s boyfriend is addicted to playing games B. Most couples can keep electronics out of bedrooms C. Partners should communicate more to understand each other better D. Couples should stop using electronics to avoid the problem mentioned above ‎3. Why was the case of Amanda Gao mentioned?‎ A. To explain who the “third party” is B. To stress the importance of electronic devices C. To encourage advisors to talk about the case D. To introduce the phenomena of excessively depending on electronics ‎4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?‎ A. Are devices killing romance?‎ B. How to beat smartphone C. The romantic story of Miss Gao D. The relationship between man and smart phone ‎【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D 4. A ‎2. C细节推理题。根据最后一段She recommended that if people are feeling neglected in their relationship, they need to respectfully let their partners know their feeling. “Communication is always the best and the most efficient way,”可知Lin Yuan认为如果人们在他们的关系中感到被忽视，他们需要尊重地让伴侣知道他们的感受。沟通是最好和最有效的方式，故选C.‎ ‎3. D推理判断题。根据第三段中some people, like her, have found that electronics have been sabotaging (破坏) their romantic relationships.可知通过Amanda Gao的例子是为了说明现在普遍存在的年轻人过分依赖手机现象，故选D.‎ ‎4. A主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了电子产品成为了年轻人之间的第三者，这一现象普遍存在影响了人们的关系。A项：电子设备杀死了浪漫？概括全文，指出了问题所在。故选A.‎ ‎ 能力提升——测一测 I．单词拼写 ‎1．The lazy bird had nothing in store for the winter, so he had to s_________.‎ ‎2．It's believed that humans' a______________ is a kind of monkey.‎ ‎3．Li Bai, Du Fu were both well－known Chinese p______.‎ ‎4．On his a__________， he got down to working hard.‎ ‎5．When we go to a different country, we should follow its c____________.‎ starve　ancestor poets arrival custom ‎ ‎6．We need warm _____________ (衣服) for the winter.‎ ‎7．The boy had been ___________ (淹) to death before the adults came to save him.‎ ‎8．She entered the lab without _______________ (许可)．‎ ‎9．Do you know when India gained ‎ its __________________ (独立) from Britain?‎ ‎10．He got a lot of ________(奖状) for his excellent study.‎ clothing drowned permission independence awards ‎11．If you have a good d____________， you may always feel fit and healthy.‎ ‎12．Sorry, this box is too heavy. I don't have the s________ to lift it.‎ ‎13．Out of c_____________， I asked an impolite question, “May I know your age？”‎ ‎14．When c____________ go into a shop, they naturally look to their left but move clockwise, towards the right.‎ ‎15．C________________ the eggs with a little flour and heat the mixture gently.‎ ‎16．In some countries, people eat too much fat and sugar; they should eat a _________ (均衡的) diet to keep healthy.‎ ‎17．Taking exercise is of great _______ (利益) to our health.‎ ‎18．If I pay all my ______ (债), I'll have no money left.‎ ‎19．He is not ______ (苗条的) enough to wear these tight trousers.‎ ‎20．Who gave you ____________ (允许) to leave the office so early?‎ Combine　balanced benefit debts slim permission II.语法填空（重点训练题型）‎ ‎1. The company was named Gates Hall in memory ________ a man named James Gates.‎ ‎2. If appearance did not count, why would people dress ________ for such interviews — even if the job they are hoping to get is dressed down?‎ ‎3. The 2012 Nobel Prize for Literature ________(award) to Mo Yan.‎ ‎4. My grandfather is as ________(energy) as a young man and hates sitting around doing nothing all day.‎ ‎5. Sir, you are not allowed to enter the building if you do not get our manager’s ________(permit).‎ ‎6. I will not wait for him for a second — he may have something else to do, so he could not turn ________ here.‎ ‎7. The North Korea’s conducting an underground nuclear explosion set ________ an international argument.‎ ‎8. The old photos buried at the bottom of the suitcase reminded me ________ those happy old days we had spent together.‎ ‎9. The wonderful time they had been looking forward to ________(arrive) at last.‎ ‎10. He found it difficult to explain his ________(believe) to Philip.‎ ‎11. It never occurred to me for a moment that Tom was playing a trick ________ me.‎ ‎12. Almost all of us know the classic proverb “No pains, no ________”.‎ ‎13. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable ________(sit) on.‎ ‎14. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks ________ it were broken.‎ ‎15. The children have had quite a lot of fun ________ that model railway.‎ ‎16. You must keep your ________ if you promised to take the children to the cinema.‎ ‎17. The race was so close that everyone ________(hold) his breath.‎ ‎18. Paul was apologizing ________ Jane for having kept her waiting.‎ ‎19. It was quite obvious ________ we must apply other methods of settling it.‎ ‎20. The three men took turns at driving the truck, and they drove day ________ night for three days. ‎ ‎21. The child should be punished. You shouldn’t let him get away ________ telling lies.‎ ‎22. A new study indicates that basic steps taken by people daily can go a long way in cutting ________ the greenhouse gas emission.‎ ‎23. Seeing the sun ________(rise) above the surface of the sea, we let out a shout of joy.‎ ‎24. I’ve never had a ________(pleasant) trip to Sichuan before.‎ ‎25. You’re driving too fast. Can you drive a bit ________(slow)?‎ ‎26. Willpower is a kind of quality, which is ________ it takes to do anything well.‎ ‎27. Don’t have the water ________(run) while you brush your teeth.‎ ‎28. There was a lot of fun at yesterday’s party. You ought ________(come), but why didn’t you?‎ ‎29. The teacher wants his students to know more about modern science and tries hard to develop a ________(curious) about nature among his students.‎ ‎30. To make members of a team perform better, the trainer first of all has to know their ________(strong) and weaknesses.‎ ‎31. I am heavily ________ debt at the moment, but I hope to be out of it when I get paid.‎ ‎32. Knowledge and learning are important if we want to be successful, but they may also ________(limited) our thinking.‎ ‎33. According to the Nobel Prize organization, Mo Yan’s work displays a mixture of fantasy and reality, ________(combine) historical and social aspects.‎ ‎34. Many people have come to realize that they should go on ________ balanced diet and make room in their day for exercise.‎ ‎35. The chairman, together with the older leaders, stood on the Tian’anmen Tower, ________(watch) the parades marching along the Chang’an Avenue.‎ ‎36. She has put ________ a lot of weight over the last ten years.‎ ‎37. It is believed that high achievers are ambitious, hard-working, and work toward personal standards of excellence ________ material rewards.‎ ‎38. She would have to ________ her living when she grew up.‎ ‎39. Who is likely to benefit most ________ the new tax laws?‎ ‎40. As for science, we shall catch up with the world’s most advanced levels ________ long. ‎ 答案 1. of 2. up 3. was awarded 4. energetic 5. permission 6. up 7. off 8. of 9. arrived 10. beliefs 11. on 12. gains 13. to sit 14. as if/though15. with 16. word/promise 17. was holding 18. to 19. that 20. and21. with 22. down 23. rising 24. more pleasant 25. more slowly 26. what27. running 28. to have come 29. curiosity 30. strengths 31. in 32. limit33. combining 34. a 35. watching 36. on 37. rather than 38. earn/make39. by/from 40. before ‎ III.短语填空 ‎(1)He used to _______________ trees, but he plants trees now.他过去砍树，而现在植树。‎ ‎(2)Being __________________________ makes Tom a light mood.还清了债务使得汤姆心情轻松。‎ ‎(3)How can I _________________________________ the flies in the kitchen？我怎样才能把厨房里的苍蝇消灭掉？‎ ‎(4)Some films _________ education ______ recreation.有些电影把教育与娱乐结合起来。‎ ‎(5)I __________ much ______ my father's advice.‎ 我从父亲的建议中获益颇多。‎ ‎1.cut down 2.out of debt 3.get rid of 4.combine with 5.benefited from IV.句型填空 ‎1．She talks and talks as if___________________.她说呀说呀，好像永远也说不完。‎ 答案she would never stop ‎2.It looks ________ the sky was/were falling down.天看起来好像要塌下来似的。‎ 答案as if ‎3.I __________ hurt your feelings.我没打算伤害你的感情。‎ 答案didn’t mean to V．阅读理解 ‎ 【湖北省武汉市武昌区2018届高三年级元月调研考】D Owning a dog is associated with a significantly lower risk of heart disease and death, according to a comprehensive new study published by a team of Swedish researchers on Friday in the journal Scientific Reports.‎ The scientists followed 3.4 million people over the course of 12 years and found that adults who lived alone and owned a dog were 33 percent less likely to die during the study than adults who lived alone without dogs. In addition, the single adults with dogs were 36 percent less likely to die from heart disease.‎ ‎“Dog ownership was especially prominent as a protective factor in persons living alone, which is a group reported previously to be at higher risk of heart disease and death than those living in a multi-person household,” Mwenya Mubanga, a Ph.D. student at Uppsala University in Uppsala, Sweden, and the lead junior author of the study, said in a statement announcing its findings. The link between dog ownership and lower mortality(死亡率)was less pronounced in adults who lived either with family members or partners, but still present, according to the study. “Perhaps a dog may stand in as an important family member in the single households,” Mubanga added. “Another interesting finding was that owners of dogs which were intended originally for hunting were most protected.”‎ The study, which is the largest to date on the health relations of owning a dog, suggested that some of the reasons dog owners may have a lower risk of mortality and heart disease were because dog owners walk more. “These kind of epidemiological (流行病学的)studies look for associations in large populations but do not provide answers on whether and how dogs could protect their owners from heart disease,” Tove Fall, a senior author of the study and a professor at Uppsala University, said in a statement ‎“We know that dog owners in general have a higher level of physical activity, which could be one explanation to the observed results,” Fall added. “Other explanations include an increased well-being and social contacts or effects of the dog on the bacterial microbiome(微生物菌群) in the owner.” Fall added that because all participants of dog owners in Sweden or other “European populations with similar culture regarding dog ownership.”‎ ‎1. Why did the researchers do the study related to 3.4 million people’s health and the dogs?‎ A. To help Europeans,‎ B. To find their association.‎ C. To protect unhealthy adults.‎ D. To reduce risk of heart disease.‎ ‎2. What does the underlined word “prominent” probably mean in Para.3?‎ A. Universal. B. Confusing.‎ C. Appealing. D. Important ‎3. What’s the main idea of the text?‎ A. Adults living with dogs are less likely to die.‎ B. Swedish people are very fond of animal pets.‎ C. Keeping a dog is a popular and healthy hobby.‎ D. Owning dogs reduces the risk of heart disease.‎ ‎4. What’s the writer’s attitude towards owning a dog?‎ A. Positive. B. Negative.‎ C. Objective. D. Contradictory.‎ ‎【答案】1. B 2. D 3. D 4. C ‎2. 词义猜测题。“Dog ownership was especially prominent as a protective factor in persons living alone, which is a group reported previously to be at higher risk of heart disease and death than those living in a multi-person household,”狗对独居的人有特别重要的保护作用。A. Universal. 普遍的； B. Confusing. 令人困惑的；C. Appealing. 吸引人的； D. Important 重要的。故选D。‎ ‎3. 主旨大意题。根据首段Owning a dog is associated with a significantly lower risk of heart disease and death, according to a comprehensive new study published by a team of Swedish researchers on Friday in the journal Scientific Reports.得知本文报道，瑞典研究者们的研究发现，养狗的人死于心血管疾病的风险较低。故选D。‎ ‎4. 推理判断题。本文首段及文章大意得知作者只是客观的报道研究人员的发现。A. Positive.积极的； ‎ ‎ B. Negative.消极的；C. Objective.客观的； D. Contradictory. 矛盾的。故选C。‎ VI.范文背诵（翻译汉语句子并背诵全文）‎ A healthy diet and regular exercise may help to prevent obesity(肥胖) among children. Take Li Ming for example. Li Ming used to be a healthy boy. But over a year ago, he got into the habit of eating a lot of junk food and snacks. Besides, he spent a lot of time lying on the sofa, watching TV, and did little exercise.（结果，他增重了许多以至于他发现爬楼梯都困难）________________________________________________________.‎ ‎ So Li Ming decided to change the unhealthy lifestyle.（除了平衡健康的饮食外，他积极参加像游泳、滑冰、跑步和打篮球这样的体育活动）___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Months later, Li Ming became as fit as before.‎ 答案：‎ ‎（1）As a result, he put on so much weight that he found it difficult to climb the stairs.（短语：as a result，put on weight，句型：so. . . that. . .）‎ ‎（2）In addition to a balanced, healthy diet, he took an active part in various sports activities such as swimming, skating, running and playing basketball.（短语：in addition to；take an active part in；such as）‎