2019届高考英语二轮专题复习语法填空（17页word版） 17页

‎2019届高考英语二轮专题复习语法填空 ‎2018全国I卷 According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 61 (long) than non-runners. You don’t have to run fast or for long 62 (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 (die) early by running.‎ While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be) more effective at lengthening life 65 walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause).‎ The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise ... it’s probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to 68 (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it’s always 69 (energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give 70 a try.‎ 考点分析 有提示词 无提示词 谓语动词 非谓语动词 名词单复数 比较级 词性转换 代词 冠词 介词 定从 名从 状从 并列 ‎1‎ ‎2‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎2‎ ‎1‎ ‎0‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎0‎ ‎0‎ ‎0‎ 答案与解析 ‎61. longer 根据空白处之后的than可知，此处用long的比较级。‎ ‎62. to see 根据句意“要见到效果，你不必快跑或长时间地跑”, to see作目的状语。‎ ‎63. dying 介词后应用die的动名词形式dying。‎ ‎64. is 本文讲述跑步的好处，用的是现在时态，再根据空白处前面的can’t make和says可知，此处讲述的是客观事实，因此用is。‎ ‎65. than 这里是将跑步和其他运动方式作对比，再由上文的more effective可知，此处用than。‎ ‎66. that / which 此处用that / which引导定语从句修饰先行词study。‎ ‎67. causes 根据句意“每天仅仅跑5-10分钟就能降低所有因素导致的心脏病和早逝的风险”以及all可知，cause用复数形式。‎ ‎68. strengthen 此处表明做运动的目的，再根据后面的宾语your leg muscles判断此处应用及物动词strengthen。‎ ‎69. energetic 本句为主系表结构，故此处应该用形容词作表语。‎ ‎70. it / running give it / sth a try是固定短语，意为“尝试某事物”。‎ ‎2018全国II卷 Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country 61 (grow) more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over 62 past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.‎ A taste for meat is 63 (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn’s rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice 64 (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water 65 rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased 66 (pollute) in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.‎ According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total 67 (globe) fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 — when the government 68 (start) a soil-testing program 69 gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers — and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission (排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China’s approach to protecting its environment while 70 (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,” says the bank’s Juergen Voegele.‎ 有提示词 无提示词 谓语动词 非谓语动词 词性转换 名词单复数 代词 比较级 冠词 介词 定从 名从 状从 并列 ‎2‎ ‎2‎ ‎3‎ ‎0‎ ‎0‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎0‎ ‎1‎ ‎0‎ ‎0‎ ‎0‎ 考点分布：‎ 答案与解析 ‎61. has grown 由Since 2011“自2011年以来”可知此处语境表示的是从过去的某个时间开始，一直持续到现在，故用现在完成时，且主语the country 是单数名词。‎ ‎62. the 此处特指过去的25年。‎ ‎63. actually 应用副词作状语修饰介词短语behind the change。‎ ‎64. to improve 根据语境“改善水质”是“政府鼓励农民种玉米而不种水稻”的目的，动词不定式作目的状语。‎ ‎65. than less是little的比较级，than引出比较对象。‎ ‎66. pollution 此处作decrease的宾语，应填名词pollution。‎ ‎67. global 此处和total一起修饰名词短语fertilizer consumption意为“全世界的化肥总消耗量”。‎ ‎68. started 根据上下文可知作者在说2005年发生的事情，应用动词的一般过去式。‎ ‎69. that / which 根据语境“… gives s specific fertilizer ‎ recommendations to farmers”修饰 “a soil-testing program”，先行词表示物，关系代词作定语从句的主语，用that或者which。‎ ‎70. feeding when / while + 现在分词短语作时间状语，相当于when / while 引导的时间状语从句。‎ ‎2018全国III卷 I’m not sure 61 is more frightened, me or the female gorilla (大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere. I’m walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, I’m face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at 62 top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears. He screams the 63 (loud) of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid 64 (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel 65 (challenge).‎ My name is Mireya Mayor. I’m a 66 (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. I was searching 67 these three western lowland gorillas I’d been observing. No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried.‎ When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find 68 (they) alive. True to a gorilla’s unaggressive nature, the huge animal 69 (mean) me no real harm. He was just saying: “I’m king of this forest, and here is your reminder!” Once his message was delivered, he allowed me 70 (stay) and watch.‎ 考点分布 谓语 非谓语 比较等级 构词法 代词 冠词 介词 名从 ‎1‎ ‎3‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ 答案与解析 ‎61. which【名词性从句/连接词】根据下文的“me or the female gorilla”可知，此处给出两个选择，句意为：我不确定哪一个感到更害怕。故填连接代词which。‎ ‎62. the【冠词（定冠词）】at the top of one’s lungs是固定短语，意为“用尽量大的声音”，因此填定冠词the。‎ ‎63. loudest【副词（最高级）】由空格后的“of all”可知，雄性大猩猩喊叫声最大。因此填最高级形式loudest。 ‎ ‎64. looking【非谓语动词（动名词）】avoid后接动名词作宾语。avoid doing sth意为“避免做某事”。 ‎ ‎65. challenged【非谓语动词（过去分词）】主语he与challenge（对……挑战）为被动关系，故用过去分词表被动。‎ ‎66. scientist【构词法】 此处介绍“我”的身份是一位科学家。因此应填scientist。 ‎ ‎67. for【介词】 此处意为“我当时正在搜寻西部低地的这三只大猩猩”。search for 意为“搜寻”。 ‎ ‎68. them【代词（人称代词）】人称代词作宾语时，要用其宾格。them在此作find的宾语。 ‎ ‎69. meant【谓语动词（时态）】全文是在叙述过去的情况，因此谓语动词用一般过 去时。 ‎ ‎70. to stay【非谓语动词（动词不定式）】allow sb to do sth是固定结构，意为“允许某人做某事”，因此应填to stay。‎ 全国卷 Passage 1‎ ‎(2017·全国Ⅰ)‎ There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) 1.　　　　 a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 2.　　　　 (effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight. ‎ Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 3.　　　　 (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 4.　　　　 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. As 5.　　　　 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 6.　　　　 (bad),the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food 7.　　　　 (be) full of fat and salt; by 8.　　　　 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. ‎ Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack (吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 9.　　　　 (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both,10.　　　　 is not good for the health. ‎ ‎　　【语篇解读】本文讲述了脂肪和盐在人们饮食中的重要性。‎ ‎【答案与解析】‎ ‎1.as　as表示“作为;当作”。‎ ‎2.effects　根据上文“some”可知,此处表示复数概念,故用名词的复数形式。‎ ‎3.to process　sb be required to do sth“某人被要求做某事”。‎ ‎4.are removed　fat and salt和remove在逻辑上是动宾关系,故此处用被动语态。‎ ‎5.a　此处是固定短语as a result,表示“结果”。‎ ‎6.worse　根据语境可知,此处指“更糟糕的是”,故填worse。‎ ‎7.is　food为不可数名词,故此处谓语动词用单数形式。‎ ‎8.eating　根据by可知,此处应该填eat的动名词形式。‎ ‎9.careful　分析语境可知,be后面应该用形容词作表语,故填careful。‎ ‎10.which　此处是非限制性定语从句,先行词指物,在从句中作主语,故填which。‎ trend n. 趋势 unintended adj. 非计划的 function n. 功能 ‎　　This trend, which was started by the medical community as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight. 这种作为一种对抗心脏病的方法而被医学界引领的趋势已经有 了一些意想不到的副作用, 如超重和心脏病——这正是医学界正在努力对抗的事情。‎ 本句为复合句。句子主干为“This trend has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart disease”。which为关系代词, 指代先行词this trend。the medical community was trying to fight为定语从句, 修饰先行词the very thing。‎ Passage 2 (2017·全国Ⅱ)‎ In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible 1.　　　　(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and 2.　　　　 work. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road,3.　　　　 (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over 4.　　　　 top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced. ‎ Steam engines 5.　　　　(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been 6.　　　　(fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using 7.　　　　 every day. ‎ Later, engineers 8.　　　　(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道),which became known as the Tube. This development was only possible with the 9.　　　　(introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The Central London Railway was one of the most 10.　　　　(success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900.It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public. ‎ ‎【语篇解读】本文主要讲述了伦敦地铁的发展史。‎ ‎【答案与解析】‎ ‎1.crowds　crowd前没有冠词,且它是可数名词,故用名词复数形式。‎ ‎2.from　此处是固定短语to and from,意思是“往返”。‎ ‎3.laying　分析句子结构可知,此处与digging up, building为并列关系,故用现在分词。‎ ‎4.the　此处表特指,故用定冠词the。‎ ‎5.were used　此处陈述过去的事情,steam engines和use在逻辑上是动宾关系,故用一般过去时的被动语态。‎ ‎6.fairly　此处用副词修饰形容词。‎ ‎7.it　此处用it指代上文中的railway。‎ ‎8.managed　本文全篇都是一般过去时,所以此处也应用一般过去时。‎ ‎9.introduction　设空处前是the,故此处应用名词形式。‎ ‎10.successful　设空处前是most,其后要跟形容词构成最高级。‎ avoid v. 避免 prove v. 证明 ‎　　The Central London Railway was one of the most successful of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. 伦敦中心地铁是这些新铁路线中最成功的线路之一,它于1900年开放。‎ 本句为简单句。句子含有两个并列谓语, ‎ 第二个谓语使用的是一般过去时的被动语态。‎ Passage 3‎ ‎(2017·全国Ⅲ)‎ She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking forward to the challenge of her new A-level course. But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term 1.　　　　 (rest). Instead, she is earning ￡6,500 a day as 2.　　　　 model in New York.  ‎ ‎ Sarah 3.　　　　 (tell) that she could be Britain