【英语】2019届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解精选：（2）细节理解七选五2 12页

细节理解+七选五2‎ ‎1、 University of Pennsylvania researchers say that for the first time they have linked social media use to increases in depression and loneliness． The idea that social media is anything but social when it comes to mental health has been talked about for years， but not many studies have managed to actually link the two． To do that， Penn researchers， led by psychologist Melissa Hunt， designed a study that focused on WeChat， Snapchat and Instagram．‎ ‎ The study was conducted with 143 participants， who before they began， completed a mood survey and sent along photos of their battery screens， showing how often they were using their phones to access social media． "We set out to do a much more complete study which attempts to imitate real life．" Hunt said．‎ ‎ The study divided the participants into two groups： The first group was allowed to maintain their normal social media habits． The other， the control group， was restricted to 10 minutes per day on social media． The restrictions were put in place for three weeks and then the participants returned and were tested for outcomes such as fear of missing out， anxiety， depression and loneliness．‎ ‎ The results showed a very clear link between social media use and increased levels of depression and loneliness． "Using less social media than you normally do would lead to significant decreases in both depression and loneliness，" Hunt said．‎ ‎ Social media invites what Hunt calls "downward social comparison．" "When you're online， it can sometimes seem that everyone else is cooler and having more fun and included in more things and you're left out，" Hunt said． And that's just generally discouraging． "Every minute you spend online is a minute you are not doing your work or not meeting a friend for dinner or having a deep conversation with your roommate．" And these real life activities are the ones that can encourage self﹣esteem and self﹣worth， Hunt added．‎ ‎ "People are on their devices， and that's not going to change，" she said． But as in life， a bit of control goes a long way．‎ ‎1.Before the study was conducted， the participants completed a survey to　 　．‎ A． imitate people's real life B． link loneliness to depression C． show their use of social media D． prove social media is important ‎2.The results of the study showed using less social media would result in　 　．‎ A． people's fear of missing out B． higher levels of depression C． obvious relief in loneliness D． lower levels of happiness ‎3.In Hunt's opinion， which activity benefits more to mental health？　 　‎ A． Hiking out with friends．‎ B． Making comparison with others．‎ C． Playing computer games in spare time．‎ D． Logging onto social media and having fun．‎ ‎4.Which can be the best title of the passage？　 　‎ A． A Study on Social Media．‎ B． How to Improve Mental Health．‎ C． People Addicted to Social Media．‎ D． Social Media Influences Mental Health．‎ ‎2、Melissa and Roman McCoy were looking ：forward to the Christmas. But on December 5th， Roman got a phone call that changed everything. Melissa had been in a terrible car accident, and the doctor had little hope she would make it.‎ ‎“He said the next six to eight hours were critical in determining whether she would live or not. And I just wept,” Roman said. “A lot of pressure build up inside, and I just dropped my cell phone on the ground when I heard that. It was the worst feeling that I’ve ever felt.”‎ Melissa, a college English professor，was on her way to class when her car hit into a mound of dirt and rolled over several times.‎ Roman recalled，“I could only think how I am going to raise my kids without their mother. If she did die，how would I take care of our kids? The questions you never want to ask yourself, I had to face.”‎ Melissa survived the first night. She had injuries to her stomach and lungs and worse, she suffered severe injuries. She didn’t recognize anyone, even her own husband.‎ ‎“Over the next few days，she remained unresponsive to treatments. The brain surgeon never really gave us much hope.”‎ Days passed and Melissa didn’t improve, Christmas Eve, Roman was by her side in the hospital. Then，he received a Christmas gift he would never forget.‎ ‎“That evening，she woke up and was just as clear as before，recognized everybody, was able to read. It was just amazing. I saw her bright smile and her sense of humor. The only way I could describe it is that the weight of the darkness that had hovered over me was just completely gone.‎ Melissa quickly improved，and she is back to being a wife，mom，and professor. There is no sign of damage from the brain.‎ Melissa said， “I thank him for everything now. It’s not just, thank you for my job，thank you for my children. ’ It’s ‘thank you for every aspect of my life.’”‎ ‎1.What was Melissa doing when the accident happened to her?‎ A.She was driving home to spend Christmas.‎ B.She was driving to work as an English professor.‎ C.She was on the way to a Christmas party.‎ D.She was driving to buy a Christmas gift.‎ ‎2.What can we infer from the fourth paragraph?‎ A.Roman was unprepared for the future life.‎ B.Roman believed Melissa would survive.‎ C.It was impossible for Melissa to recover.‎ D.The family needed immediate help.‎ ‎3.Which part of her body did Melissa get the worst injury?‎ A.Stomach. ‎ B.Lung.‎ C. Heart. ‎ D. Brain.‎ ‎4.What was the most memorable Christmas gift that Roman received?‎ A.Melissa's recovery.‎ B.The doctor’s encouragement.‎ C.His family’s help.‎ D.His children's good behavior.‎ ‎3、On November 7, Lewis Pugh completed a one-kilometer swim in the freezing waters of King Edward Cove, off South Georgia in Antarctica. He was wearing only his swimming glasses, cap and speedos!   ‎ Pugh is an advocate for our oceans and seas, working to protect these ecosystem with their large diversity of marine life. When asked why he doesn’t wear a wetsuit, Lewis says, “I ask world leaders to do everything they can to protect our oceans. Sometimes the steps they need to take are difficult and unpopular. If I’m asking them to be courageous, I must also be. Swimming in a wetsuit would not send the right message.” ‎ It took Pugh about 19 minutes to complete the one-kilometer swim in Antarctica where the water averaged about 1.6 degrees Celsius . He says that his body can only tolerate about 20 minutes in the freezing waters before it starts shutting down. As he swims, his body temperature steadily drops, which in turn causes his muscle control to drop, slowing him down. When he is done with his swim, his support team rushes him to a hot shower and it takes almost an hour for his body temperature to return to normal.  ‎ Doctors and Pugh caution that one must receive months of training to swim in such cold waters. Even expert swimmers who are unused to freezing water can drown within minutes because of the physical shock experienced by the body. Pugh says he trained for six months before this swim.‎ This is not the first time that Lewis has swum in dangerous conditions. In 2007, he swam one kilometer in the North Pole to draw attention to the melting Arctic ice due to climate change. In 2015, he swam in the Bay of Whales in Antarctica’s Ross Sea as part of his successful campaign to help set up a marine reserve there.   ‎ ‎1.Why did Lewis Pugh swim without a wetsuit? A.To swim faster. B.To show his bravery. C.To build up his body. D.To win public attention. 2.What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer ‎ to? A.His body. B.The water. C.His body temperature. D.The water temperature. 3.What’s Pugh’s advice about swimming in freezing waters? A.One must be fully prepared. B.One should be expert at swimming. C.One should be ready to take on challenges. D.One must be used to long-distance swimming. 4.What may be the best title for the text? A.Lewis Pugh: swimming for a cause B.How to survive a swim in cold waters C.How to prepare for extreme swimming D.Lewis Pugh: achieving the impossible ‎4、That the success of humans as a species depends to a large extent on our ability to cooperate in groups is widely believed. Much more so than any other animal, people are able to coordinate and join their forces and actions to produce mutual benefits.‎ New research involving Dr Molleman, an expert at the University of Nottingham, suggests that successful cooperation in groups depends on how people gather information about their peers, and how they base their cooperative decisions on it.‎ Biologists wonder how cooperation could have developed by natural selection: it is puzzling how cooperation can be beneficial when it is possible to behave selfishly and take advantage of the cooperative efforts of your group. Psychologists and economists try hard to understand why many people are willing to sacrifice their own welfare to benefit their social environment. They asked questions like “How do people make decisions when their actions can affect the welfare of others?” “How people determine their behavior when they have to cooperate in groups?”.‎ Dr Pieter Van Den Berg from the University of Groningen said, “From previous research we know that some people are ‘majority-oriented (以……为中心)’ and tend to look at the behavior of the majority in their group, whereas others are ‘success-oriented’ and try to find out what kind of ‎ behavior pays off best for themselves.”‎ Dr Molleman, from the center of the Decision Research and Experimental Economics, said, “It turns out that behavior in groups of success-oriented people was much more selfish than it in groups of majority-oriented people. As a consequence, the people in the majority-oriented groups tended to cam more money in the experiment since they cooperated more.”‎ ‎1. Compared with other animals, human beings are capable of ________.‎ A. communicating well with others B. working together with each other C. surviving some natural disasters D. getting access to various information ‎2. What are the psychologists and economists most interested in?‎ A. Whether people’s personal efforts will pay off eventually.‎ B. How cooperation has developed over a long lime naturally.‎ C. Why people offer to affect those around them unselfishly.‎ D. What benefit that good cooperation can bring immediately.‎ ‎3. We can infer that the success-oriented people________.‎ A. are careful to select a group to join B. are likely to be successful in the future C. pay more attention to the result of their effort D. have some skills in collecting useful information ‎4. What is the new finding of the research?‎ A. Having good relationship gets us to live fullest life.‎ B. Focusing on individual success makes people selfish.‎ C. Being considerate can ensure our long-term benefit.‎ D. Mastering social skills help create harmonious society.‎ ‎5、根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ It was the 2015 “super storm” in New South Wales that restored my faith in people.‎ During a break in the weather, I stupidly decided to drive into town to buy some groceries. However, as I left the supermarket and drove back, the weather took a turn for the worse. ___1___ Having nowhere to go, I spotted a young man in his front yard assessing the situation. He quickly ‎ waved to me to come and park in his driveway.___2__.‎ The man, who introduced himself as Trent, then invited me to wait inside his house with his wife, Kayti and their two daughters. I told him I was concerned about the damage to my car, as the continuing rain was starting to turn into hail (冰雹).Trent then grabbed a blanket from his garage and covered my car. ___3___ Fortunately, his efforts saved my car from being damaged by the hail.‎ By 11:00 a.m., the electricity and phone services had both gone. ___4___ Trent made me a cup of tea and Kayti gave me a towel to dry myself off. The three of us chatted while waiting for the weather to get better. I learned that Trent had lost his job and was struggling to feed the family.‎ When the hail stopped, I shook Trent’s hand and kissed Kayti goodbye. ___5___ I was very moved by their kindness and it renewed my faith in people.‎ As I went out the door, I asked Trent for two of his business cards. My father has since called to offer him a job as a clerk at his company.‎ A. It began pouring so heavily that I was forced to stop.‎ B. The couple were so modest as I thanked them for their help.‎ C. I was surprised that he didn’t ask for anything in return for his assistance.‎ D. I was grateful to escape the running water that was about to drown my car.‎ E. I tried driving faster to escape the heavy downpour that was sure to come.‎ F. As a result, I couldn’t contact my parents, despite knowing they’d be worried.‎ G. He was wet but he didn’t seem to mind being out in the wild weather on my behalf.‎ ‎6、根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ Travelling is a very enjoyable experience as it provides an opportunity to see new things. ___1___The following article discusses the advantages of traveling. Traveling gives you the opportunity to disconnect from your regular life. People all have crazy schedules, work and a family to take care of, and traveling alone or with some friends can give you distance and perhaps even make you realize how important these people are to you. ___2___‎ Another great benefit is the relaxation you get. ___3___When you come back you feel ‎ energetic and you are happy to be back to your daily routine. ___4___They will create a bond that nothing can erase no matter what happens to the friendship/relationship. You can create photo albums and when you feel nostalgic (对往事怀恋的) you can experience the trips again by looking at your pictures.‎ It’s never been this cheap to travel. With increasing oil prices the cheap travel era might be coming to an end. ___5___‎ With the Internet and all the new technology, you can plan your trip exactly the way you want it. You can choose your budget, the duration of the trip and what you want to do.‎ A. It’s nice to enjoy a stress-free time.‎ B. As the saying goes, you never know what you have until you lose it.‎ C. When traveling with friends or family it creates memories of a lifetime.‎ D. Discovering different values and ways to get by in life is really interesting.‎ E. Going on a trip means that you are most likely going to spend time outside.‎ F. However, there are still many budget airlines fighting for your dollar right now.‎ G. There are many benefits other than enjoying yourself that can be realized when you travel.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 答案以及解析 ‎1答案及解析：‎ 答案：1 C 2 C 3 A 4 D 解析：1. C.细节理解题.根据第二段句子:The study was conducted with 143 participants, who before they began, completed a mood survey and sent along photos of their battery screens, showing how often they were using their phones to access social media.项研究是由143名参与者进行的,在他们开始之前,他们完成了一项情绪调查,并发送了他们电池屏幕的照片,显示他们使用手机访问社交媒体的频率.所以这项调查展示他们对社交媒体的使用,所以选C.‎ ‎2. C.细节理解题.根据第四段句子:"Using less social media than you normally do would lead to significant decreases in both depression and loneliness," 使用比平时少的社交媒体会导致抑郁和孤独感显著降低.所以答案选C.‎ ‎3. A.根据倒数第二段Hunt说的话:Every minute you spend online is a minute you are not doing your work or not meeting a friend for dinner or having a deep conversation with your roommate." 和朋友共进晚餐或与室友进行深入的交谈,这些现实生活中的活动可以鼓励自尊和自我价值.可见和朋友和朋友一起远足对精神健康有好处,故选A.‎ ‎4. D.标题归纳题.本文通过对于社交媒体的使用与抑郁症和孤独感的增加联系起来的研究可以看出:社交媒体影响心理健康.所以选项D符合主旨.故选D.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2答案及解析：‎ 答案：1-4:BADA 解析：‎ ‎1.B细节理解题。‎ ‎【关键句】Melissa，a college English professor，was on her way to class when her car hit into a mound of dirt and rolled over several times.(第三段）‎ 译文：Melissa是一位大学英语教授，她在开车去上课的路上撞到了一堆泥土，（车被撞翻）翻滚了好几下。 ‎ ‎【解题思路】根据关键句可知，Melissa教授在开车去上课的途中出了车祸。故选B。‎ ‎2.A推理判断题。‎ ‎【关键句】...I could only think how I am going to raise my kids without their mother. If she did die, how would I take care of our kids?(第四段第 一、二句)‎ 译文:……我不禁想，如果孩子们的母亲不在了，我将如何抚养他们。如果她真的死了.我怎么照顾我们的孩子呢？‎ ‎【解题思路】根据关键句可知，Roman问自己，如果没有Melissa,他要如何照顾孩子们。由此可推知，Roman对未来的生活毫无准备，A项与原文相符。 故选A。‎ ‎3.D推理判断题。‎ ‎【关键句】She had injuries to her stomach and lungs and worse，she suffered severe injuries. She didn't recognize anyone，even her own husband.(第五段最 后两句）‎ 译文：她的腹部和肺部都受伤了，更严重的是，她认不出任何人，连她自己的丈夫都认不出了。‎ ‎【解题思路】根据关键句和第六段最后一句中的“The brain surgeon”可推知，Melissa的脑部受伤最严重。‎ ‎4.A推理判断题。‎ ‎【关键句】1. Then，he received a Christmas gift he would never forget.(第七段最后一句）‎ 译文：然后，他收到了一份他永远都不会忘记的圣诞礼物。‎ ‎2. That evening， she woke up and wa.s just as clear as before* recognized everybody，was able to read.(第八段第一句）‎ 译文：那天晚上，她醒了，像以前一样清醒，认出了每个人，也能看书了。‎ ‎【解题思路】根据关键句和倒数第三段内容可推知，Roman得到的最难忘的圣诞礼物是Melissa在圣诞节前夕恢复了健康。故选A。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3答案及解析：‎ 答案：1.B; 2.A; 3.A; 4.A 解析：【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段的I ask world leaders to do everything they can to protect our oceans. Sometimes the steps they need to take are difficult and unpopular. If I’m asking them to be courageous, I must also be. Swimming in a wetsuit would not send the right message.可知，他不穿防寒泳衣的原因是展示他的勇敢，故选B。‎ ‎【5题详解】词义猜测题。此题要结合上下文语境，上文是他在冰水里游泳身体只能忍受20分钟，下文中提到他游泳时体温在慢慢下降，肌肉控制力也在下降，可推测出此处的it指的是his body，故选A。‎ ‎【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段的Doctors and Pugh caution that one must receive months of training to swim in such cold waters.可知，一个人要想在冰冷的水里游泳必须得训练很长时间才可以，即要做足准备工作才行，故选A。‎ ‎【7题详解】主旨大意题。文章主要讲述的是Pugh为保护海洋而在极寒的水里游泳，他用行动去展示他保护海洋的决心和勇气，由此可知A项是最佳标题。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎4答案及解析：‎ 答案：1. B 2. C 3. C 4. B 解析：‎ ‎【1题详解】细节理解题。第一段中最后一句"Much more so than any other animal, people are able to coordinate and join their forces and actions to produce mutual benefits."可知与其他动物相比,人类能够互相协作,由此选B。‎ ‎【2题详解】细节理解题。第三段中第二句"Psychologists and economists try hard to understand why many people are willing to sacrifice their own welfare to benefit their social environment."可知心理学家与经济学家最感兴趣的是为什么许多人愿意牺牲自己的福利来造福他们的社会环境。因此选C。‎ ‎【3题详解】推理判断题。第四段最后一句"others are 'success-oriented' and try to find out what kind of behavior pays off best for themselves"可知"以成功为导向"的人总试图找出哪种行为对自己最有利。由此推断"以成功为导向"的人更关注他们努力的结果,故选C。‎ ‎【4题详解】细节理解题。最后一段倒数第二句"It turns out that behavior in groups of success-oriented people was much more selfish than it in groups of majority-oriented people."可知结果表明,在以成功为导向的群体中,人们的行为要比在以服务大众为导向的群体中自私得多。故研究的新发现是只关注自我成功的人更容易变得自私,因此选B。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎5答案及解析：‎ 答案：1. A 2. D 3. G 4. F 5. B 解析： 【1题详解】‎ 根据后一句Having nowhere to go, I spotted a young man in his front yard assessing the situation.可知，没地方可去，看见一个在院子里查看天气，并且向作者招手，A选项，雨下得很大，被迫停车，与下一句承接，切题，故选A。‎ ‎【2题详解】‎ 根据前一句He quickly waved to me to come and park in his driveway.可知，房屋主人朝作者挥手，示意作者把车停在他的私家车道上，D选项，作者为避免车辆被淹没充满感激之情，承接上文，故选D。‎ ‎【3题详解】‎ 根据前一句Trent then grabbed a blanket from his garage and covered my car.以及后一句Fortunately, his efforts saved my car from being damaged by the hail.可知，Trent从车库拿了一张毯子把车盖住，因此让作者的车避免被冰雹损害，G选项，他全身湿透，但是为我这么做一点也不介意，切题，故选G。‎ ‎【4题详解】‎ 根据前一句By 11:00 a.m., the electricity and phone services had both gone.可知，由于冰雹，停电，电话也停了，F选项，作者无法联系上自己的家人，前后因果关系，切题，故选F。‎ ‎【5题详解】‎ 根据后一句I was very moved by their kindness and it renewed my faith in people.可知，作者被夫妇的善意感动，重拾对人的信任，可知，作者对夫妇表示谢意，但是夫妇依然很谦虚，切题，故选B。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎6答案及解析：‎ 答案：1. G 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. F 解析： 【1题详解】根据后文“The following article discusses the advantages of traveling”可知，旅行有很多好处，故G项（除了玩得开心，旅行还有其他的好处）符合语境。【2题详解】‎ 根据前文“People all have crazy schedules，work and a family to take care of，and traveling alone or with some friends can give you distance and perhaps even make you realize how important these people are to you”可知，人们平时忙于工作和家庭，和朋友出去旅行会让你意识到他们对你有多重要，故B项（俗话说，直到失去时才懂得拥有）符合语境。‎ ‎【3题详解】根据后文“When you come back you feel energetic and you are happy to be back to your daily routine”可知，旅行回来你会感到有活力，会更好地投入到日常生活中，故A项（享受没有压力的时光是很好的）符合语境。‎ ‎【4题详解】根据后文“They will create a bond that nothing can erase no matter what happens to the friendship”可知，它们会建立一种纽带，无论友谊如何都无法抹去，故C项（与朋友或家人旅行是你一辈子的回忆）符合语境。‎ ‎【5题详解】根据上文“With increasing oil prices the cheap travel era might be coming to an end.”可知，随着油价上涨，廉价旅行时代可能结束，此处讲的还是廉价旅行的话题，与前面形成转折关系，故F项（但是，现在仍有许多廉价航空公司在努力争取你）符合语境。‎ ‎ ‎