2020-2021年高考英语一轮复习 Unit 1 Friendship 26页

2020-2021 年高考英语一轮复习 Unit 1 Friendship 【核心素养分析】 语言知识 ：要求考生掌握并能运用英语词汇、语法基础知识以及所学话题。 1.考纲内要掌握的词汇、短语和句型 项目 单词及其词性变化（语法填空必备） 重点单词 1．upset adj.心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的 vt.使不安；使心烦 2．ignore vt.不理睬；忽视→ignorance n．愚昧→ignorant adj.无知的；粗鲁的 3．calm vt. & vi.(使)平静；(使)镇定 adj.平静的；镇静的；沉着的 4．concern vt. & n．(使)担忧；涉及；关系到；担心；关注；(利害)关系→concerned adj.担忧的 →concerning prep.关于 5．loose adj.松的；松开的 6．series n．连续；系列 7．outdoors adv.在户外；在野外 8．entire adj.整个的；完全的；全部的 9．power n．能力；力量；权力→powerful adj.有权势的 10．settle vi.安家；定居；停留 vt.使安居；安排；解决→settled adj.→settlement n．安居；定居 11．suffer vt. &vt.遭受；忍受；经历→suffering n．痛苦；折磨 12．recover vi. &vt.痊愈；恢复；重新获得→recovery n．痊愈 13．pack vi. &vt.捆扎；包装；打行李 n．小包；包裹 14．exactly adv.确实如此；正是；确切地→exact adj.精确的 15．disagree vi.不同意→disagreement n．→agree 反义词 重点短语 1．add up 合计 2．calm down 平静下来；镇定下来 3．have got to 不得不，必须 4．be concerned about 关心，挂念 5．go through 经历；经受 6．set down 放下；记下；登记 7．a series of 一连串的；一系列的 8．on purpose 故意 9．in order to 为了…… 10．at dusk 在黄昏时刻 11．face to face 面对面 12．no longer/not any longer 不再 13．suffer from 遭受；患病 14．get/be tired of 对……厌烦 2. 语法基础知识—— 名词性从句（1） 主题语境：话题——友谊 语言技能：能在主题语境下，运用所学的语言知识写出日常生活事物的应用文，能够以较 丰富的语言写出读后续写的故事。 【基础巩固】 知识点 1．upset adj. 心烦意乱的；不安的，不适的 vt. 使不安；使心烦，打乱(upset; upset) 【归纳拓展】 be upset about 对……感到心烦 It upsets sb. that 让某人心烦的是…… It upsets sb. to do sth. 做……使某人不快 upset the plan 搅乱了计划 【典例 1】 1．（2019·上海交大附中期中）House market is easily __________by factors which have nothing to do with property. A．upset B．prohibited C．evolved D．risked 15．pack (sth.) up 将(东西)装箱打包 16．get along with 与……相处；进展 17．fall in love 相爱；爱上 18．join in 参加；加入 经典句型 （高考书 面表达必 备） 1．While walking the dog,_you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.你在遛狗的时候不 小心让狗松脱了，接着它被一辆小车撞着了。 2．... tell him/her that he/she should have studied... ……告诉他/她本该学习…… 3．I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.我不知道这是不是因为我长时间无法出门的缘故，使我变得对 一切与大自然有关的事物都那样狂热。 4．...it was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face... ……这是我一年半以来第一次观察夜晚…… 5．Mother asked her if/whether she was very hot with so many clothes on.妈妈问她穿这么多衣服是 不是很热。 【答案】A 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：房地产市场很容易受到与房地产无关的因素的影响。 A. upset 搅乱；B. prohibited 禁止；C. evolved 进化；使逐步发展；D. risked 冒险。结合句意 可知，主语“house market”与之后提及的“factors”之间的关系应是“被其影响”。故选 A 项。 2.The ______news made him feel _______. A．upset; upset B．upsetting; upset C．upset; upsetting D．upsetting; upsetting 【答案】B 【解析】词义辨析。Upsetting，令人心烦的；upset 感到心烦的。句意：这个令人心烦的消 息让他感到很心烦。所以选 B。 【变式】 1.Knowing the result of the exam, he went home and lay in bed, ________ . A．upset B．was upset C．felt upset D．and upset 【答案】A 【解析】考查形容词做状语：句意：知道考试的结果，他回到家，躺在床上，很难过。因为 那个 upset 是形容词 描述 he 的状态，形容词在句子后面表伴随，描述状态，选 A。 2.It is getting colder. I hope the sudden change of climate _____ you. A．don’t upset B．didn’t upset C．hasn’t upset D．won’t upset 【答案】D 【解析】句意：天气越来越冷了，我希望天气突然变化不会对你有什么影响。因为是希望， 所以用一般将来时，选 D。 知识点 2．ignore vt. 不理睬；忽视；不顾(强调“装作不知道或没看到” 【归纳拓展】 ignorant adj. 无知的；愚昧的；不知道的 ignorance n. 无知；愚昧；不知道 ignore sb./sth. 不理睬某人/假装不知道或未见 be ignorant of/about sth.＝be in ignorance of sth.不知道某事 【典例 2】 （2020·江苏高三）________ the mistake in the beginning, the problem could have been prevented at its source. A．Had not the company ignored B．If the company didn't ignore C．Had the company not ignored D．Would the company not ignore 【答案】C 【解析】考查虚拟语气省略句的倒装句。句意：如果公司在一开始没有忽略这个错误，这个 问题本来是可以从源头上预防的。根据 the problem could have been prevented at its source 可 知此处表示与过去事实相反的虚拟，即 If the company had not ignored，此处省略了 if，因此 要用倒装句，即要把助动词提前到主语前面，否定词 not 不能提前。故选 C 项。 【变式】 1.（2020·天津高三）________ for many years，the novelist suddenly became famous. A．Having ignored B．Having been ignored C．Ignoring D．To be ignored 【答案】B 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：多年被忽视，这位小说家突然出名了。因 ignore 和 the novelist 是动宾关系，而不是主谓关系，即“被忽视”，故可排除表主动意义的 A、C。D 是不定式的 被动式，表示将来意义，与句意不符，可排除。此处用现在分词的完成被动式表示动作的完 成，且与主语的关系是逻辑上的被动。故 B 选项正确。 2. —Tom is always saying I’m ugly，Mom． —Just ______ him．You are the most beautiful in my eyes． A．disagree B．ignore C．command D．dislike 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。此处 A．disagree 不同意，B．ignore 忽视，不管，不顾，C．command 命令，D．dislike 不喜欢，句意：—汤姆总是说我很丑，妈妈。—不管他，你在我眼中是最 漂亮的。根据句意选 B。 3. If the baby is put into a unfamiliar room without its mother, it I _________ the toys no matter how interesting they might be. (ignore) 4.（2020·天津高三）If you________ any mistakes in the article，just mark them with a pencil. A．make B．repeat C．spot D．ignore 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：如果你发现这篇文章里的任何错误，就用铅笔标记一下。 make 制作；repeat 重复；spot 看到，发现；ignore 忽视。根据“just mark them with a pencil.” 可知，发现错误。故 C 选项正确。 知识点 3．concern vt. (使)担忧；涉及；关系到 n. 担心；关注；(利害)关系 【归纳拓展】 concerning prep. 关于 concerned adj. 关心的；挂念的；有关的 show/express concern about/for 对……表示关心/担心 have concern with 和……有关系 with concern 关切地 concern oneself about/for 担忧/关心…… concern oneself with 从事，参与…… concern sb./sth. 与……有关 be concerned about/over/for 关心，挂念 be concerned with/in 牵扯进/参与…… all parties concerned 有关各方 as/so far as... be concerned 就……而言 【典例 3】 （2020·天津耀华中学期末）_______ the right decision _______ our future is probably the most important thing we will ever do in our life. A．Making, concerned B．Make, concerning C．To make, concerned D．Making, concerning 【答案】D 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：就未来而言，做正确的决定可能是我们一生中做的最重要 的事。分析句子可知，句子的谓语是 is，第一处空白应该是 make the right decision（做决定） 充当主语，所以要用动名词形式；第二空应是 concerning 做介词，意为“关于；就......而言”。 故选 D。 【变式】 1.完成句子 (1)I will tell you that _____________________________________________________________(我关心你)． (2)I don't want _____________________________________________________________(牵扯 到这件事情里)． (3)____________________________(就我而言), this is a good idea. 【答案】(1)I'm concerned about you (2)to be concerned in this matter/thing (3)As/So far as I'm concerned 2.（2020·天津高三期末）When it comes to modern communication, network safety is always a major ______ . A．concern B．advantage C．opportunity D．solution 【答案】A 【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：当涉及现代通信，网络安全一直是一个主要担心的问题。 A. concern 关心；令人担忧的事实(或情况；B. advantage 优势；C. opportunity 机会；D. solution 解决。网络安全一直是现代通信的一个主要担心的问题。故选 A。 3．（2020·天津高三）The harmful effects that smog can have on people's health are one of the top ______ of those who live in some cities. A．concerns B．conflicts C．characters D．charges 【答案】A 【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：雾霾对人们健康的危害是一些城市居民最关心的问题之一。 A. concerns 关心的事、担心；B. conflicts 冲突；C. characters 性格；D. charges 费用。根据“The harmful effects that smog can have on people's health”可知此处表示“关心的事”，故 A 项正确。 知识点 4．series n. 系列；连续 a series of 一连串的；一系列的 a series of exams 一连 串的考试 a TV series 一部电视连续剧 【归纳拓展】 (1)series 属于单复数同形的单词，类似的单词还有 means, species, works(工厂)，deer, fish, sheep 等。 (2)“a series of＋复数名词”做主语时，谓语动词用单数，但“these/those series of＋复数名词”做主语时，谓语 动词用复数。 【典例 4】 （黑龙江牡丹江一中）He is so clever that he can solve ______ problems by himself. A．a great many of B．a large amount of C．a series of D．much 【答案】C 【解析】考查数词。句意：他很聪明，能自己解决一系列问题。A. a great many 后直接加可 数名词复数，不需要介词 of；B. a large amount of +不可数名词；C. a series of+可数名词复数； D. much + 不可数名词。故选 C。 【变式】 1.完成句子 (1)It is an article ______________________．这是一篇关于那部电视连续剧的文章。 (2)There's been ________________________ on this road recently. 最近在这条路上发生 了一连串的事故。 【答案】(1)on/about that TV series (2)a series of accidents 2.So far a series of problems ________ brought about by this decision. A．have B．has C．have been D．has been C 考查动词的语态和主谓一致。由于 problems 是复数，谓语动词应用复数形式；由于 bring 与 the decision 之间为动宾关系，故用被动语态。 知识点 5．settle vi. 安家；定居；停留 vt. 使定居；安排；解决 【归纳拓展】 settle in/into (使)适应(新的家、工作、环境等)，习惯于；安顿下来 settle down 安居下来；定居，过安定生活，舒适地坐下或躺下 settle on/upon 同意，决定；在某处停留/栖息 settle down to n．/v.－ing get down to n．/v.－ing 开始认真做……，专心于…… settle one's affairs 安排/解决好自己的事情 settle a dispute/an argument 解决争端 【典例 5】 （2020·江苏高三）We hurriedly ended our meeting, leaving many problems ______. A．to be settled B．to settle C．settled D．having settled 【答案】A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们匆匆忙忙地结束了会议，留下了很多问题等待解决。 根据句意可知，这些问题是等待解决的，故用不定式作宾语补足语，不定式表示未发生的动 作；problems 与 settle 之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态。故选 A。 【变式】 1.完成句子 (1)I sorted out my mails, and then____________________________(开始做一些严肃的工作)． (2)They________________________________________________________________________ (结婚了并定居在) London. 【答案】(1)settled down to doing some serious work(2)got married and settled down in 2.According to his letter, he had to _______ his affairs in Paris before he could return home． A．settle B．suffer C．pack D．persuade A 考查动词词义辨析。A．settle 定居，解决，处理，B．suffer 遭受，C．pack 收拾行李，D．persuade 说服，句意：根据他的信，他回家前不得不处理好在巴黎的事务。选 A。 知识点 6．suffer vt.& vi. 遭受；忍受；经历 【归纳拓展】 suffering n. (身体、精神上的)痛苦，苦恼、苦难的经历 suffer pain/loss/defeat/punishment/hardship 遭受痛苦/损失/失败/惩罚/艰难 suffer from 受……折磨，受……之苦；患……疾病 【典例 6】 Though we _________serious natural disasters, we are sure to overcome all difficulties. A．give away B．affect with C．suffer from D．deal with 【答案】C 【解析】give away“分发, 放弃, 泄露”， affect“影响”及物动词， suffer from“遭受” ，deal with“处理”。从“ we are sure to overcome all difficulties.”这句话可以推断出前半句的意思应该 是“尽管我们遭受着严重的自然灾害”，因此应选 C。 【变式】 1.______ such a heavy loss in the earthquake, they got help from all over the world. A．Suffer B．Having suffered C．Suffered D．To suffer 【答案】B 【解析】句意：他们在地震中遭受了如此大的损失，他们收到了来自世界各地的帮助。Suffer 与主语 they 之间是主动关系，又 Suffer 的动作发生在动作 got 之前，因此用现在分词的完成 时。故选 B。 2. （2019·天津）_______ another hit in his business, Mr. Green hasn’t got the courage to try again. A．Suffering B．Being suffered C．Suffered D．Having suffered 【答案】D 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：格林先生的生意又受了打击，没有勇气再试一次。本句中 suffer 做非谓语动词与逻辑主语 Mr. Green 构成主动关系，故用现在分词。且“生意遭受打击” 发生在“没有勇气再试一次”之前，故应用 having done 形式。故选 D。 知识点 7．add up 【归纳拓展】 add up 合计 add sth. up 把……加起来 add up to 加起来共计/达 add...to... 把……加在/上…… add to 增加；增添 add that...补充说 【典例 7】 1.（2019·江苏高三月考）Thanks for bringing so many beautiful balloons, which____the festival atmosphere. A．led to. B．added to. C．appealed to. D．turned to. 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：谢谢你带来这么多漂亮的气球，增添了节日的气氛。 A. led to 导致；B. added to 增加，增添；C. appealed to 呼吁，要求；D. turned to 求助于。表 示“增加”，故选 B. 2.（2018·江苏）To find the missing boy as soon as possible, they were reminded to turn to the Internet ______ dialing 110. A．in place of B．in addition to C．in response to D．in regard to 【答案】B 【解析】考查短语辨析。句意：为了尽快找到失踪的男孩，他们被提醒除了拨打 110 外，也 要上网求助。in place of 代替；in addition to 除…之外；in response to 对…做出反应；in regard to 关于。分析语增可知，此处是指“为了尽快找到失踪的男孩，他们被提醒除了拨打 110 外， 也要上网求助。”根据语境可知，是除…之外，可知要用“in addition to”，故选 B。 【变式】 1.用 add 或其相关短语的适当形式完成句子 (1)Will you ________some sugar ________the coffee, please? (2)The piece of music ________our enjoyment. (3)“I will come later.” he________ (补充说). (4)________your score and see how many points you get. 【答案】(1)add; to (2)adds/added to (3)adds/added (4)Add up 2.选择填空 ①（2019·黑龙江哈尔滨市月考）Although he had looked through all the reference material on the subject, he still found it hard to understand this point and her explanation only _____ his confusion. A．account for B．amount to C．add to D．care for 【答案】C 【解析】考查词组辨析。句意：虽然他已经浏览了所有关于这个主题的参考资料，但他发现 他仍然很难理解这一点，而她的解释只是增加了他的困惑。A. account for 说明……的原因； B. amount to 相当于，总计为；C. add to 增加；D. care for 照顾。根据句意，选 C 项。 ②You’d better ________ your scores and see if you have passed the exam． A．add up B．add up to C．add to D．add to up 【答案】A 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：你最好把你的分数加起来，看看是否通过了考试。此处 add up 加起来；add up to 总共； add to 加到……上。根据句意选 A。 知识点 8．go through 【归纳拓展】 go through＝experience 经历，经受 ＝examine carefully 仔细检查 ＝look through 浏览，翻阅 ＝pass (through) 通过，经过 ＝be used up 用完 【典例 8】 根据汉语提示完成句子 (1)She ________________________________________________(翻遍她所有的衣服) to find something to wear at the party. (2)The two countries ______________________(经历了很多战争). (1)went through all her clothes(2)went through many wars 【变式】 选择填空 Remember to ______ the pockets before you put those trousers in the washing machine. A．get through B．pass through C．go through D．get along with C 考查动词词组辨析。A. get through 接通；B. pass through 通过；C. go through 经历，检查； D. get along with 和…相处，进展。句意：记住在把裤子放进洗衣机前要检查口袋。选 C。 知识点 10．set down 【归纳拓展】 set down (1)＝write down 写下，记下 (2)＝put down 放下，搁下 (3)＝stop and allow sb. to get off 让某人下车 (4)＝explain or describe to oneself as 解释为，认为(与 as 连用) set about doing sth.开始干某事(＝set out to do sth.) set sb. a good example 为……树立好榜样 【典例 10】 （2020·天津高三）He made a good impression last week and ______ to the second round of interviews for the post. A．got through B．settled down C．came up D．gave in 【答案】A 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：上周他给人留下了很好的印象，通过了这个职位的第二 轮面试。A. got through 通过；B. settled down 定居下来；安顿下来；C. came up 被提出；D. gave in 屈服。根据上文“他给人留下了很好的印象”可推断，他通过了第二轮面试。故选 A。 【变式】 1.根据汉语提示完成句子 (1)I ________________________________(已将每件事记了下来)that happened. (2)Please ______________________________(写下你的想法) on a piece of paper. 【答案】(1)have written/put/set down everything (2)set/put/write down your ideas/thoughts 2.根据语境写出短语的意思 (1)Why don't you set your ideas down on paper? 为什么你不把你的想法_______呢？(1)写在 纸上 (2) Set that heavy bag down to have a rest.把那沉重的袋子______，休息一会儿。 (2)放下 (3)Please set me down at the next corner.请在下一个拐角处_______。 (3)让我 下车 知识点 11．get along 【归纳拓展】 get along/on with 与……相处 get along/on well/nicely with....进展(谈及或问及工作情况) get along/on(well)with sb 与某人相处(得好) get along/on(well/smoothly)with sth 某事进展(得很好/很顺利) get back 返回，回去；寻回，找回 get in 到达；收割；上班 get over 解决；克服；控制 表示“进展，进行”时，get along＝get on，其中 along 和 on 是副词，其后不能直接加宾语。 【典例 11】 完成句子 (1)How is he ____________________ his studies?他的学习进展如何？ (2)He ____________________________ his boss.他与老板相处得很好。 【答案】(1)getting along/on with(2)gets along/on well with 【变式】 选择填空 Last night I came across the man ____ you think is pleasant to ________. A．who; get along B．whom; get along C．who; get along with D．whom; get along with 【答案】C 【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。此处 the man 是先行词，you think 是插入语，先行词在定 语从句中作主语，同时作 with 的宾语。故选 C。句意：昨天晚上我遇到了你认为那个好相 处的人。 翻译句子 (1)How is the work getting along？ (1)工作进展如何？ (2)How are you getting along with your studies? (2)你功课学得怎样？ (3)Selfish men are hard to get along with. (3)自私的人很难相处。 【考点精讲】 考点 1：in order to 【教材原句】For example, one evening when it was so warm, I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven in order to have a good look at the moon for once by myself.比方说，有天晚上天 气很暖和，我熬到 11 点半故意不睡觉，为的是独自好好看看月亮。 【典例 1】 （2020·天津市宁河区芦台第一中学高三月考）________, the person insisted that he should be separated from his relatives. A．In order to avoid to be infected B．In order to avoid being infected C．Avoiding being infected D．Avoiding to be infected 【答案】B 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了避免受到影响，这个人坚持要和他的亲戚分开。固定 短语 avoid doing sth.意为“避免做某事”, 与逻辑主语 the person 为被动关系，故用被动语态 avoid being done。根据句意，逗号前面部分应该是目的状语，故用不定式作目的状语。故选 B 项。 【总结提高】 in order to 为了…… (1)in order to 引导的目的状语，可置于句首或句末，可换成 to (do sth.)。 so as to 引导的目的状语，其位置一般在句末。 (2)否定结构：in order not to do 和 so as not to do。 (3)前后两部分主语一致时，才能用 in order to 或 so as to 来引导，否则，改用 so that 或 in order that 来引导。 【变式】 1.翻译句子。 (1) In order to see it clearly, I put on my glasses. ＝I put on my glasses in order to see it clearly. ＝I put on my glasses so as to see it clearly.＝I put on my glasses to see it clearly.＝To see it clearly I put on my glasses. ____________________ (2) In order not to lose the job, she lied to the boss. _______________ 【答案】 (1) 为了看清楚，我戴上了眼镜。(2) 为了不丢掉工作，她向老板说了谎。 2.同义句转换 (1)I went home in order that I could change my clothes. ＝I went home _______________________________________________my clothes. ＝I went home ________________ my clothes. (2)We started early so that we could get to the meeting on time. ＝We started early ___________________________________________we could get to the meeting on time. ＝We started early ___________________________________________get to the meeting on time. 【答案】(1)in order to change; to change(2)in order that; in order to 3.选择填空 After graduation he took all his works to London ______ get a good job there. A．so that B．in order that C．in order to D．as to C 考查不定式的用法。A. so that 为了，这是连词，后面接句子， B. in order that 为了，这 是连词后面接句子，C. in order to 为了，后面接动词原形， D. as to 至于。句意：毕业后， 他把所有的作品都带到伦敦，为了能找到一份好工作。选 C。 考点 2 分词短语作状语 【教材原句】While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.你在 遛狗的时候不小心让狗松脱了，接着它被一辆小车撞着了。 【句法分析】While walking the dog＝While you were walking the dog，这是状语从句的省略。 在 when, while, if, as if, though, as, where, unless 等连词(词组)引导的状语从句中，如果谓语动 词有 be，而主语又跟主句的主语相同或为 it 时，则从句的主语和 be 常常省略。 【典例 2】 【2019·北京卷】Nervously ___2___ (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to _myself_(I) the two simple words “Be yourself”. 【答案】facing 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：紧张地面对挑战，我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字 “做你自己”。分析句式可知，此处是做句子的状语，要用非谓语动词，其逻辑主语是 I，与 逻辑主语之间是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填 facing。 【规律方法】考查现在分词作状语，改写句子的原则是主句和从句的主语一致。这个句型是 提高写作句子水平的重要手段。 【变式】 When first ______ to the market, these products enjoyed great success. A．introducing B．introduced C．introduce D．being introduced 【答案】B 【解析】将从句补全应为 When these products were first introduced to the market，主从句主语 一致且从句中有 be，可以省略主语和 be。 考点 3 should have done 结构的虚拟语气 【教材原句】...tell him/her that he/she should have studied... ……告诉他/她本该学习…… 【句法分析】should have done 结构表示过去应该做某事而事实上没有做；而 shouldn't have done 则表示过去本不该做某事而实际上却做了，两者皆含有“责备”的口吻。 【典例 3】 （2019·天津高考模拟）—What’s wrong with you? —Oh, I am sick. I ________ so much ice cream just now. A．shouldn’t eat B．mustn’t eat C．couldn’t have eaten D．shouldn’t have eaten 【答案】D 【解析】考查情态动词和虚拟语气。句意：——你怎么了？——我生病了，我刚才不应该吃 那么多冰激凌。A. shouldn’t eat 不应该吃；B. mustn’t eat 禁止吃；C. couldn’t have eaten 不可 能吃；D. shouldn’t have eaten 本来不应该吃。根据 just now 可知，是发生在过去，故选 D。 【知识拓展】 拓展：其他“情态动词＋have＋done”结构： (1)must have done 对过去发生的事情的肯定推测。“一定……”。 (2)can't/couldn't have done 对过去发生的事情的否定推测。“不可能……”。 (3)needn't have done 过去没有必要做却做了。“本来没必要做……”。 (4)ought (not) to have done＝should (not) have done (5)might/may have done 过去可能做了某事(可能性小)。“可能做了……”。 (6)could have done 过去本可能做而未做。“本来能做……”。 (7)would have done 愿意做某事却不能做。“本来想要做……”。 【变式】 Oh, I'm not feeling well in the stomach. I ______ so much fried chicken just now. A．shouldn't eat B．mustn't have eaten C．shouldn't have eaten D．mustn't eat 【答案】C 【解析】由 just now 可知，本题谈论过去之事。谈论过去之事，在 should 或 must 之后接不 定式的完成式。must 表示推测只用于肯定句中，shouldn’t have done 表说话之前不应该做某 事，但事实上却做了，含有责备的口气。 考点 4 含有 the+序数词+time 句型的时态 【教材原句】...it was the first time in a year and a half that I'd seen the night face to face... ……这是我一年半以来第一次观察夜晚…… 【典例 4】 ______ I spoke English before foreigners, I was a student of high school. A．The first time B．For the first time C．At the first time D．At the beginning 【答案】A 【解析】考查名词词组引导时间状语从句。句意：我第一次在外国人面前讲英语是在高中的 时候。此处是名词词组 The first time 引导的时间状语从句，其他三个选项都是介词词组，不 能引导时间状语从句，故答案为 A。 【总结提升】It is/was the first time(that)．..这是一个固定句式，it 可换成 this 或 that; first 可 换成 second, third 等，以表达不同的意义。 (1)It is the first time that...后接现在完成时；It was the first time that...后接过去完成时；It will be the first time that...后接现在完成时。 (2)the first time 可起从属连词作用，引导时间状语从句。 The first time I saw her, my heart stopped. 我第一次见到她时，心脏都停止了跳动。 (3)for the first time 意为“第一次”，单独用做状语。 He was cheated for the first time.他第一次被骗了。 【变式】 1.—Have you ever been here before? —No. This is the first time that I ______ to the Great Wall. A．comes B．have been C．came D．had come 【答案】B 【解析】This is the first time that...之后的从句需要用现在完成时态。 2．This is the first time that we ________a film in the cinema together as a family . A．see B．had seen C．saw D．have seen 【答案】D 【解析】考查动词时态的用法。句意：这是首次我们一家人在电影院一起看电影。 It[This] is the first time＋that 结构中，that 从句通常用现在完成时；e.g. It's the first time（that）the boy has spoken to a foreigner．这个男孩还是第一次同外国人说话。It's the first time that she's seen an elephant．这是她第一次见到大象。故本题选 D。 3. 翻译句子 那是我第一次当面与总统讲话。（It was the first time that...） It was the first time that ______. 考查过去完成时。在“ It/ This is the first/ second/ ...time that+从句”句型中，从句中的谓语动词 用现在完成时；在“ It/ This was the first/ second/ ...time that+从句”句型中，从句中的谓语动词 用过去完成时。故填 I had talked to the President to face. 考点 5 with 的复合结构 【教材原句】Mother asked her if/whether she was very hot with so many clothes on.妈妈问她穿 这么多衣服是不是很热。 【典例 5】 【2019·江苏卷】 32.China's image is improving steadily, with more countries__________ its role in international affairs. A. recognizing B. being recognized C. to be recognized D. recognized 【答案】A 【解析】考查 with 复合结构。句意：中国的形象正在稳步提升，更多的国家认识到中国在 国际事务中的作用。“更多的国家”和“认识”之间是主动关系，用 with + 名词 + 现在分词结 构，故选 A。 【解题指导】“with＋n.＋形容词/副词/介词短语/分词/动词不定式”这种结构在句中经常做状 语，表示原因、方式或伴随状态。如果分词的动作与前面的名词是主动关系，用现在分词； 如果是被动关系，则用过去分词；如果表示一个未来的动作就用不定式。 【变式】 ______ five minutes ______ before the last bus left, we arrived at the station. A．There were; go B．With; to go C．It was; left D．It had; left 【答案】B 【解析】本题考查 with 的复合结构，即“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”。本题用不定式做宾补表 示将来的动作。句意：在最后一班公交车离开的前五分钟，我们到了车站。 考点 6 强调句型 【教材原句】I wonder if it's because I haven't been able to be outdoors for so long that I've grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我 变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。 【典例 6】 （2020·江苏省苏州中学高三月考）His statement was so ______ that it was difficult to make out that he was trying to express. A．vague； what was it B．ambiguous； what it was C．explicit； what it was D．clear； what was it 【答案】B 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析和强调句。句意：他的陈述太模糊了，以至于我们都无法理解 他到底想要表达什么。A. vague 模糊的；B. ambiguous 模糊不清的；C. explicit 明确的；D. clear 清楚的。根据 it was difficult to make out（很难理解）可知， 他的陈述模糊不清，故可先排 除 CD，再分析句子结构可知，第二个空后的句子是宾语从句，it was+被强调的部分+that…… 是强调句句型，其中被强调的部分是 what，又因 what 是连接代词，宾语从句要用陈述语气， 故选 B。 【总结提升】 It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who…强调句 (1)强调句一般疑问句形式：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who…？ (2)强调句特殊疑问句形式：疑问词＋is/was it＋that/who…？ 【注意事项】 (1)判断方法：将强调句型中的“It is/was”，“that/who”同时去掉，看剩下的部分句子结构 是否仍然完整。若完整，则是强调句型；反之，则不是。 (2)强调主语或宾语且其为人称代词时，应注意其形式：仍用主格或宾格形式。 (3)强调主语时，that 或 who 后面的谓语动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致。 【变式】 1.（2020·江苏省高三月考）- How long is it you picked up your badminton training? - It was not until my finance became better in last December I started the training. A．that; when B．until; that C．since; that D．before; when 【答案】C 【解析】考查连词和强调句型。句意：你重新练习羽毛球有多久了？--直到去年十二月份， 我的资金状况好转了，我才开始训练的。分析句子可知，问句表示的意思是“从你重新练习 羽毛球到现在有多久了？”可知答案是 since；答语中被强调部分是时间状语 not until my finance became better in last December，是 it is/was not until…that 的强调句。故应用 that。故 选 C。 2．（2020·江苏省启东中学高三一模）It was President Xi Jinping_______visited the navy troops on April 19 and urged that naval force_______. A．who; strengthen B．whom; strengthen C．who; be strengthened D．who; to strengthen 【答案】C 【解析】考查强调句和虚拟语气。句意：是习近平主席在 4 月 19 号参观了海军，要求加强 海军力量。本句是强调句，基本结构是：It is/was+强调部分+who/that+其余部分。urge 后加 宾语从句，从句用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用（should）+动词原形，此处省略了 should，故 选 C。 3．（2020·天津汉沽一中高三期末）— I’m sorry. I shouldn’t have been shouting at you. — You ________ your temper but that’s all right. A．have lost B．had lost C．were losing D．did lose 【答案】D 【解析】考查强调谓语的用法。句意：--对不起，我不应该冲你大声喊叫。--你确实发脾气 了但是没关系。分析句子可知，此处强调谓语 lost，强调谓语时，可以用 do,does,did+动词 原形。分析句意可知，此事已经过去了，故应用一般过去时。故应用 did lose。结合选项， 故选 D。 4．（2020·江苏省高三开学考试）________, I believe, and you can see he wasn’t lying. A．Casting a glance at the boy B．One glance at the boy C．Glance cast at the boy D．If you cast a glance at the boy 【答案】B 【解析】考查固定句型。句意：我认为，看一眼这个男孩，你就可以知道他没有撒谎。分析 句子可知，此处考查固定句型“名词词组+ and/or + 陈述句”，句中 I believe 是插入结构， 可忽略，故选 B 项。 【点睛】 本句考查固定句型：祈使句/名词词组 + and/ or + 陈述句（and 表顺承，or 表转折意为“否 则”），例如： Hurry up, and you will catch up with them.快点，你会追上他们的。 One more chance, and I will do it better.再给一次机会，我会把它做得更好。 Try hard, or you will lose sooner or later.努力，否则你迟早会失败。 考点 7 名词性从句（1） 【典例 7】 （2020·江苏省高三三模）The spokesman noted ______some individuals apparently lack is not the means to get the correct information, but the courage and conscience to admit the truth. A．which B．that C．whether D．what 【答案】D 【解析】考查宾语从句连接词。句意：发言人指出有些人明显缺乏的不是获取正确信息的手 段，而是承认真理的勇气和良知。分析句子可知，谓语动词 noted 后接了一个宾语从句，此 宾语从句缺乏宾语，宾语是物，所以用引导词 what。故选 D 项。 【变式】 1.（2020·江苏省高三三模）____ stops learning is old and stays learning is young, whether at twenty or eighty. A．What B．Who C．That D．Whoever 【答案】D 【解析】考查主语从句。句意：无论谁，停止学习就是落后，继续学习就是先进，不管是二 十还是八十。分析句子可知，主语从句部分缺主语且指人，故用 who 或者 whoever。句意缺 “无论谁”之意，故选 D 项。 2．（2020·江苏省高三一模）Respect is not one-way traffic but mutual, and that might be we fight back in the trade friction against the USA . A．where B．because C．why D．how 【答案】C 【解析】考查名词性从句连接词。句意：尊重不是单向的，而是相互的，这可能就是我们要 在贸易摩擦中反击美国的原因。本句为表语从句，从句中缺少原因状语，故用 why 引导。 故选 C。 考点 8 话题写作——友谊 【典例 8】 （2019·浙江金华第一中学高三）阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，便之构成一个完 整的故事。 One day, when I was a freshman in high school, I saw a kid from my class walking home from school. His name was Kyle. It looked like he was carrying all of his books. I thought to myself: “Why would anyone bring home all his books on a Friday? He must really be a nerd (书呆子).” As I was walking, I saw a bunch of kids running toward him. They ran at him, knocking all his books out of his arms and tripping him so he landed in the dirt. His glasses went flying, and I saw them land in the grass about ten feet from him. He looked up and I saw this terrible sadness in his eyes. So, I jogged over to him and as he crawled around looking for his glasses, I saw a tear in his eye. As I handed him his glasses, he said, “thanks!” There was a big smile on his face. It was one of those smiles that showed real gratitude. We talked all the way home, and I carried his books. He turned out to be a pretty cool kid. The more I got to know Kyle, the more I liked him. Over next four years, Kyle and I became the best friends. When we were seniors, he had the highest marks in the class and was chosen to give a speech at the graduation ceremony. I teased him all the time about being a nerd. He had to prepare a lot, and I was so glad it wasn’t me having to get up there and speak. Graduation day, I saw Kyle. I said, “Hey, big guy, you’ll be great!” He looked at me with one of those looks, the really grateful one, and said “Thanks,” smiling. As he started his speech, he cleared his throat, and began. “Graduation is a time to thank those who helped you make it through those tough years. Your parents, your teachers, your siblings, maybe a coach...but mostly your friends. I am here to tell all of you that being a friend to someone is the best gift you can give him or her. I am going to tell you a story.” 注意： 1. 所续写短文的词数应为 150 左右； 2. 至少使用 5 个短文中标有下划线的关键词语； 3. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好； 4. 续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。 Paragraph 1: I just looked at my friend with disbelief as he told the story of the first day we met. _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: I smiled back in tears. _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ 【答案】I just looked at my friend with disbelief as he told the story of the first day we met. Kyle had planned to kill himself over the weekend. He talked of how he had cleaned out his locker so his Mom wouldn’t have to do it later and was carrying his stuff home. Meanwhile, I found he looked hard at me and gave me a little smile. “Thankfully, I was saved. My friend saved me from doing the unspeakable.” I heard the gasp go through the crowd as this handsome, popular boy told us all about his weakest moment. When his eyes caught mine, I was able to see tears shimmered in his smiling eyes. I smiled back in tears. Not until that moment did I realize what big difference one small gesture had made to him. I even saw his Mom and Dad looking at me and smiling that same grateful smile. It dawned on me that never should we underestimate the power of our actions. With one small gesture we can change a person’s life. For better or for worse. 【解析】本文是一篇读后续写。要求考生就所给故事续写 150 字的文章, 使之成为一个完整 的故事。 前文主要讲作者上高中时，有一天看到了同班的凯尔带着所有的书回家。一群孩子将凯尔撞 倒在地。作者跑过去，帮助凯尔把书和眼镜捡了起来。后来两个人成了好朋友。毕业典礼的 时候，凯尔被选去做毕业典礼演讲。他在演讲时，要给大家讲一个故事。那么，下文中，首 先要接着叙述凯尔讲的故事。根据所给关键词 sadness，smile，grateful 可以推知，这个故事 肯定和作者有关系，并且这件事让 Karl 对作者心存感激，对他的高中生活有很大的影响。 最后，作者应该叙述自己听到凯尔讲的故事之后的感受。 【高分句型 1】 It was not until that moment that I realized how much a small gesture had affected him. 直到那一 刻，我才意识到一个小小的举动对他的影响有多大。本句使用了强调句型。 【高分句型 2】 This handsome, popular boy told us all about his weakest moment, which made the crowd amazing. 这位英俊、受欢迎的男孩向我们讲述了他最脆弱的时刻，这让观众们惊叹不已。本句使用了 which 引导的非限定性定语从句。 【变式】 1.假设你是李华，在上周的班会上，同学们对朋友和友谊进行了讨论，请根据以下内容给你 的朋友 Tom 写一封信分享你们的讨论内容和观点。 要点： 1. 为什么需要朋友 2. 什么样的朋友是真正的朋友 3. 你对友谊的看法。 注意：1. 词数 100 左右 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Tom, _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】 Dear Tom, Last weeks, we had a heated discussion about “friends” and “friendship”. I’m writing to share our ideas with you. We all agree that we can hardly do without friends in life. There are many difficulties we can’t overcome with our own efforts. Besides, we need friends to share our joys and sorrow, otherwise we would feel lonely. A good friend is someone who respects us and who we respect. True friends are those who never desert us even when we are in trouble. Instead, they offer us sincere and selfless help even at the cost of their own interests. In my opinion, true friendship is largely based on supporting each other, which can stand the test of time. Best wishes! Yours Li Hua 【解题指导】 本文是一篇提纲类作文。文章出了详细的提示。考生在成文时应注意：合理发挥想象力，使 文章的表达自然，丰满。文章的写作要点要齐全：1. I’m writing to share …2. We all agree that we can hardly do without friends…3. A good friend is someone who …4. In my opinion…:注意 文章的人称：以第一人称为主。时态：一般现在时。注意使用高级词汇 had a heated discussion， sincere and selfless，at the cost of，is largely based on 和句型，以提高文章的档次；恰当使用 一些连词、插入语，使文章表达自然，流畅。注意次数：80—120 之间。 【范文亮点】①A good friend is someone who respects us and who we respect.定语从句。②true friendship is largely based on supporting each other, which can stand the test of time.非限制性定 语从句。 2.网络上曾疯传这么一句话"友谊的小船说翻就翻"。从网络上的各种配图来看,导致友谊翻 船的原因林林总总。请你以维护友谊为主题,写一篇 100 词左右的英语短文。 要求:1. 描述上图并解释图片所传达的意思； 2. 列举导致友谊翻船的原因（至少两条） ； 3. 就如何维护友谊给出你的建议。注意:开头已为你写好,不计入总词数。 A boat shared by a pair of friends turns over for some reason, which reflects friendship can be easily damaged in reality. _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _ 【答案】 A boat shared by a pair of friends turns over for some reason， which reflects friendship can be easily damaged in reality. Friendship falls apart easily even for minor incidents. For example， a quarrel over idols or differences in hobbies might ruin a long-held relationship in a single minute. However， it is actually lack of trust that is to blame for the loss of friendship. Friends are supposed to be trusted， and if the trust between both sides fades away， so will friendship itself. Various means are available to keep up friendship. First of all，sincerity is the foundation of friendship， on which trust is likely to develop slowly but steadily. More importantly， frequent exchange of opinions helps friends better understand one another， which in turn strengthens ties between friends. 【审题指导】 本文是看图作文。题目要求描述图片，并解释图片所传达的意思，要列举至少两个导致友谊 翻船的原因，并就如何维护友谊给出你的建议。同学们在写作时要根据图片和提示列出要点， 并以此为基础充分发挥自己的想象力，灵活运用英语知识，采用不同的表达方式将各要点完 整地表述出来。在写作时还要注意时态、语态的:正确运用，按逻辑关系安排好写作内容， 同时应选用合适的连接词，并适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 【点睛】 本文内容符合题目要求，逻辑清晰，结构布局合理，并使用了高级词汇和句型。高级词汇有: fall apart， minor， ruin， lack of， be to blame， be supposed to， fade away， available， keep up，foundation， steadily， in turn， strengthen 等。高级句型有:（1）it is actually lack of trust that is to blame for the loss of friendship 使用了强调句型，强调主语 lack of trust; （2） if the trust between both sides fades away， so will friendship itself 中含有“so+助动词+主语”结 构;（3）sincerity is the foundation of friendship， on which trust is likely to develop slowly but steadily 中含有“介词+ which”引导的非限制性定语从句。这显示出了作者深厚的英语基础知 识和良好的英语运用能力。