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2020-2021年高考英语一轮复习 Unit 3 Computers

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2020-2021 年高考英语一轮复习 Unit 3 Computers 【核心素养分析】 语言知识 :要求考生掌握并能运用英语词汇、语法基础知识以及所学话题。 1.考纲内要掌握的词汇、短语和句型 项目 单词及其词性变化(语法填空必备) 重点单词 1.calculate vt.计算→calculator n.计算器 2.universal adj.普遍的;通用的;宇宙的→universe n.宇宙→universally adv.普遍地 3.simplify vt.简化→simple adj.简单的 4.technology n.工艺;科技;技术→technological adj.科技的 5.revolution n.革命→revolutionary adj.革命的 6.intelligence n.智力;聪明;智能→intelligent adj.有才智的;聪明的 7.solve vt.解决;解答→solution n.解答 8.reality n.真实;事实;现实→real adj.真实的,真正的 9.personal adj.私人的;个人的;亲自的→personally adv.亲自地 10.finance n.金融;财经→financial adj.金融的,财政的 11.explore vt. & vi.探索;探测;探究 12.anyhow adv.无论如何;即使如此 13.goal n.目标;目的;球门;(进球)得分 14.signal vi. & vt.发信号 n.信号 15.type n.类型 vt. & vi.打字 16.arise vi.出现;发生 17.electronic adj.电子的 重点短语 1.have...in common 共有;共用 2.from...on 从……时起 3.come into reality 成为现实 4.as a result 结果 5.in a way 在某种程度上 6.with the help of 在……的帮助下 2. 语法基础知识——定语从句 主题语境:话题——科学技术(人与自我) 语言技能:能在主题语境下,运用所学的语言知识写出日常生活事物的应用文,能够以较 丰富的语言写出读后续写的故事。 【基础巩固】 知识点 1.total adj. 总的;全部的;整个的 n.总数;合计 【归纳拓展】 totally adv. 完全地;整个地 in total 总共;总计(=totally) a total of 总数;总共(修饰名词复数时,谓语动词用复数) the total of...(谓语动词用单数) total up = add up 算出总数 total (up) to=add up to 总额为 【典例 1】 语法填空 7.deal with 处理 8.watch over 看守;监视 9.give away 赠送 10.be crazy about 对……着迷 11.make up 弥补;整理 12.after all 毕竟 经典句型 (高考书 面表达必 备) 1.And my memory became so large that even I couldn't believe it!我的存储量变得如此巨大,甚 至连我自己都不能相信! 2.Anyhow, my goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality.无论如何,我的目标是为人类 提供高质量的生活。 必备语法 (高级句 型) 定语从句 1.(2019·天津南开中学高三月考)Over the past 10 years, Huawei has invested ______ total of 4 billion U.S. dollars in 5G, making it a leader in 5G chips, products and networks. 【答案】a 【解析】句意:在过去十年里,华为投资四十亿美元开放 5G,成为了 5G 芯片、产品和网 络的领导者。短语 a total of 意为:总共。故填 a。 2.I’m ________________(total)confused about why she steals things when she can easily afford to buy them. 【答案】totally 【解析】句意:我完全搞不懂她为什么在买得起东西的时候偷东西。修饰形容词 confused 用副词形式。故填 totally。 【变式】 单项填空 1. A total of 50 children took part in the camp; in other words, half of those children took part in the camp. A.in short B.in surprise C.in brief D.in total 【答案】D 【解析】考查介词词组。A. in short 简而言之; B. in surprise 吃惊地;C. in brief 总之; D. in total 总共。句意:总共 50 个孩子参加了野营,换句话说,总计那些孩子的一半参加野营。 故选 D。 2. ---Have you finished your program? ---I’m afraid I forgot about it. A.probably B.naturally C.extremely D.totally 【答案】D 【解析】考查副词词义辨析。probably 可能地;naturally 自然地;extremely 极其地;totally 完全地。句意:— 你完成项目了吗? — 恐怕我已经完全忘了。结合句意,D 选项正确。 完成句子 1.—What is ________________________ these books?这些书的全部费用是多少? 2.—It cost me __________________ of 500 yuan. 3.___________, it cost me 500 yuan. 4.The cost ________________ 500 yuan. 这些书总共花了我 500 元。 【答案】1.the total cost of2.a total of3.In total4.totalled up to 知识点 2.anyhow adv.(也作 anyway)无论如何;即使如此;随便地 【归纳拓展】 (1)作“无论如何,不管怎样”讲时,anyhow 和 anyway 一样,都用作让步状语,一般 置于句中(其前常有连词 but)或句末。 (2)作“况且,更何况,再说,至少”讲时,可用来作状语,对前面的话作补充,给 出一个令人信服的理由,此时 anyhow 常出现在句首或最后的分句之首,而不出现在句 末。 (3)作“胡乱地,随意地”讲时,anyhow 不可与 anyway 互换。 【典例 2】 单项填空 1.(2020·江苏苏州中学高三月考)I’m not sure whether I’ll succeed in persuading her to join us. ______, I’ll try my best to make it. A.Besides B.Anyhow C.Generally D.Therefore 【答案】B 【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意:我不确定我是否能成功地说服她加入我们。无论如何, 我会尽我最大的努力去实现它。A. Besides 此外,以及;B. Anyhow 无论如何,随便地;C. Generally 普遍地,广泛地;D. Therefore 因此。第一句中是“不确定……”,第二句中是尽最 大的努力,两句之间是假设加转折,所以用表示让步的副词切题。故选 B。 2._____, we should take regular exercise, something _____ can help to make you look good, feel good and be healthy. A.Anyhow; that B.Anyhow; which C.Somehow; which D.Somehow; that 【答案】A 【解析】考查副词及定语从句。句意:不管怎样,我们都应该进行有规则的运动,这些运动 可以帮助使你看起来好,感觉好并且很健康。anyhow 意为无论如何,不管怎样;somehow 意为不知怎么地。根据句意可知前一个空用 Anyhow。后一个空考查的是定语从句的引导词, 先行词为 something,属于不定代词,定语从句中缺少主语,所以用 that 引导。综上所述, 故选 A 项。 3. Lucy advised him not to buy the car, but he bought it______. A.anyhow B.however C.though D.totally 【答案】A 【解析】考查副词。句意为“Lucy 建议他不要买车,但他无论如何还是买了。”A. anyhow 无 论如何,不管怎样 , B. However 然而 C. though 虽然 D. totally 完全的。A 符合题意, 故选 A。 4.I’m not sure whether I can persuade him to give up the adventure. ________,I will try my best. A.Anyhow B.Somehow C.Besides D.Therefore 【答案】A 【解析】考查副词辨析。anyhow 不管怎样,无论如何,符合句意。somehow 不知怎么地; besides 而且,此外;therefore 因此,所以。句意:我不确定我是否能说服他放弃冒险。无论 怎样,我都会尽力。故 A 选项正确。 【变式】 写出下列句中 anyhow 的意思。 (1)It may rain, but we shall go anyhow.______________ (2)Anyhow, you can try, even if there's not much chance of success.___________________________ (3)The work was done all anyhow._________________ (1)无论如何(2)至少(3)粗心地 单项填空 The doctor told me to stay in bed, but I'm going to the dance . A. though B. therefore C. anyhow D. thus 【答案】 C 【解析】 句意:医生要我躺在床上,但我无论如何都要去参加舞会。anyhow“无论如 何”,符合题意。though“不过,然而”,不能与 but 连用;therefore“所以”;thus“因此”。 知识点 3.calculate vt.计算,估算,计划 【归纳拓展】 ①calculate sb./sth.doing sth.期待某人/某物会…… ②calculated adj.精心策划的,蓄意的 be calculated to do sth.打算或计划做某事 It has been calculated that...据估算…… ③calculating adj.精明的,精于算计的 ④calculation n.计算 【典例 3】 语法填空 1.In the past decade, geologists have come closer than ever to (calculate) the age of the earth. 【答案】calculating 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:在过去的十年里,地质学家在计算地球的年龄上比以往任 何时候都更接近。come close to doing sth 接近做某事。故填 calculating。 2.It's difficult to (calculate) how much time the project will take. 【答案】 to calculate 【解析】句意:要算出这个计划所需的时间很难。calculate“计算”。此处是动词不定式做主 语。 【变式】 单项填空 1. Scientists have ________ that the world's population will double by the end of this century. A.numbered B.included C.calculated D.designed 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词。句意:科学家估算,在这个世纪末,世界人口会翻倍。number“达 到……之数;共计”,include“包含;包括”,design“设计”,以上三个动词均不合语境。 calculate 在此意为“估计”, 所以选 C。 2. The system may be announced towards the end of the year as it takes time for authorities to the impacts of a reduced rate. A.comment B.conclude C.calculate D.condemn 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:该系统可能会在年底公布,因为当局需要时间来计算降 低利率的影响。A. comment评论;B. conclude结论;C. calculate计算;D. condemn谴责。C 项符合语境。 知识点 4.type n.类型,种类,样式 v.打字 【归纳拓展】 a rare blood type 罕见的血型 different racial types 不同的人种 type up 打印出来 【典例 3】 语法填空 1.—What’s up? You look down. —I have piles of papers ________(tpye), but I type so slowly. 【答案】to type 【解析】句意:有什么事吗?你看起来很沮丧。——我有成堆的文件要打印,但是我打印的 太慢。此处是动词不定式作定语,故填 to type。 2. Don’t worry. I’ll have it _____ and get someone to send it to you tomorrow. 【答案】typed 【解析】考查非谓语动词。固定短语 get sb to do“让某人做某事”, have sth done 意为:让别 人做某事。句意:别担心。我去找人打印,然后明天找给人给你送过来。故填 typed。 【变式】 单项填空 1.-Professor, do you have something at this moment? -No ,thanks. I'll call you if there is any. A.typing B.typed C.to type D.to be typed 【答案】D 【解析】非谓语考查题。“教授,你此刻有东西打印吗?”“没有,谢谢。如果有的话我会打 电话给你。” 不定式表将来根据句意可知是要“打印”所以要从 C 项或 D 项中选,have sth to do 表示是主语去做不定式的动作,而 have sth to be done 表示有要做的事情不是主语去做不 定式的动作 ,所以答案应为 D。 2.— Who are you going to have _______ this letter for you? — My secretary. A.type B.typed C.been typed D.been typing 【答案】A 【解析】考查句子结构。本题可以使用还原法,I am going to have sb type this letter for I.句中 是 have sb do sth 的结构;然后对句中的 sb 进行提问,形成 Who are you going to have type this letter for you?的结构;句意:你会让谁帮你打印这封信?故 A 正确。 完成句子 (1)She mixes with ____________________ people.她和各种类型的人打交道。 (2)How fast can you ________________?你打字有多快? (3)This letter needs __________________ again.这封信需要再打一遍。 【答案】(1)all types of(2)type(3)to be typed 知识点 5.arise vi. (arose, arisen)出现;发生;起身,起立 【归纳拓展】 arise vi. (arose, arisen)出现;发生;起身,起立 (1)“出现,开始,呈现”,多用抽象名词做主语。 (2)表示“起因于,由……产生”,通常用做 arise from/put of。 (3)表“起身”之意,为正式或旧式用法。 【易混易错】 arise/rise/raise 不及物动词,意为“出现;发生”。主语通常为抽象名词,一般表 示事情或问题的出现 不及物动词,意为“升起;上升”。表示向更高的位置 移动 及物动词,意为“使……上升;举起” Unexpected difficulties arose in the course of their experiment. 在他们进行实验的过程中,出现了意想不到的困难。 The river is rising after the rains. 几场雨后河水不断上涨。 She raised her finger to her lips as a sign for silence. 她把手指举到唇边,示意安静。 【典例 5】 语法填空 1. Can we begin by discussing matters ______(arise)out of the last meeting? 【答案】arising 【解析】句意:我们是不是可以从讨论上次会议所产生的问题开始?arise 是不及物动词, 指“(问题,困难等)出现;发生,产生”。matters 与 arise 之间是主动关系,所以用现在分 词作定语。故填 arising。 2. Accidents always arise carelessness, so you must be careful when driving. 【答案】from 【解析】句意:事故总是由粗心引起的,所以你开车时一定要小心。短语 arise from“由…引 起,起因于”。故填 from。 【变式】 单项填空 1. A number of high buildings ______ where there was nothing a year ago but ruins. A.have arisen B.have been aroused C.have risen D.have been raised 【答案】A 【解析】考查动词辨析及语态。句意:许多高层建筑在一年前还只是一片废墟的地方拔地而 起。动词 arise“出现,上升”,是不及物动词,无被动语态;arouse“激发,唤起”,不符合题 意;rise“升起”,是不及物动词,无被动语态;raise“提高,养育”,不符合题意。故选 A。 2. They have ______money for the Hope Project for the last two years. A.rose B.raised C.aroused D.arisen 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词。句意:在过去的两年中,他们为希望工程筹集了资金。A. rose 上升; B. raised 募捐,提高,举起;C. aroused 唤醒;D. arisen 出现,起身。故选 B。 3. The problem has simply because you didn’t follow the instructions in the handbook. A.assessed B.arisen C.annoyed D.arranged 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:问题的出现仅仅是因为你没有按照手册中的说明进行操 作。A. assessed 评估;B. arisen 出现;C. annoyed 惹恼;D. arranged 管理;筹备。主语 the problem 与 B 项 arisen(出现)搭配符合句意,故选 B 项。 完成句子 (1)I thought it would be easy, but a lot of problems have ________________. 我本来想事情会很容易,但是出现了许多问题。 (2)Accidents _____________________ carelessness.事故由粗心大意引起。 (3)A heavy mist ______________ the lake.湖面起了浓雾。 (4)He _______________ his seat.他从座位上站起来。 【答案】(1)arisen(2)arise from(3)arose from(4)arose from 知识点 6.application n.应用,运用,申请,请求,申请表 【归纳拓展】 on application(to)(向……)申请 application form 申请表 apply v.应用,运用,申请,请求 apply oneself to 专心于……,集中精力于…… apply to...向……提出申请;适用于…… apply for...申请…… apply...to...把……应用于……;将……涂/贴在……上 【典例 6】 语法填空 1.(2020·黑龙江哈尔滨三中)We teachers are encouraged to apply modern technology _______ classroom teaching. 【答案】to 【解析】句意:我们老师被鼓励把现代科技应用到教学中。to 到。分析句子成分并翻译语境 可知,此处使用意为“应用于…...”的表述。apply sth to 应用于……”。故填 to。 2.(2020·江苏高三)The _________(apply)of AI technologies in health care industry is in an initial stage compared with that in automatic driving. 【答案】application 【解析】句意:人工智能技术在医疗产业中的应用相较于在自动驾驶领域的应用,还处在初 始阶段。分析句子可知,空白处所指的仍是前句中的 The application of AI technologies,是 不可数名词,作主语。故填 application。 【变式】 单项填空 1.His ______ for membership of the organization was turned down. A.application B.adaption C.judgment D.treatment 【答案】A 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:他加入该组织会员的申请被拒绝了。A. application 申请; B. adaption 适应;C. judgment 判断;D. treatment 对待。根据 was turned down 可知,被拒绝 的是申请。故选 A。 2.(2019·黑龙江哈师大附中高三期末)Every morning, after ______ from her seat in the bathroom, the lady will ______ anti-wrinkle cream evenly to her face. A.arising; apply B.arousing; add C.arranging; acquire D.arriving; adopt 【答案】A 【解析】考查动词和动词短语辨析。句意:每天早上,这位女士从浴室的座位上站起来后, 会在脸上均匀地涂抹抗皱霜。A. arising 起来,apply 涂抹、应用;B. arousing 唤醒,add 增 加;C. arranging 安排,acquire 获得;D. arriving 到达,adopt 采用、收养。arise from her seat:从浴室的座位上站起来。apply …to…:在……涂抹……。故选 A。 3.(2020·江苏徐州一中)Those who continuously acquire new knowledge that they can ________ their work are more likely to succeed. A.contribute to B.correspond to C.subscribe to D.apply to 【答案】D 【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意:那些不断获得新知识并能应用到工作中的人更有可 能成功。A. contribute to 有助于,贡献;B. correspond to 相当于…,符合于…;C. subscribe to 预计,同意;D. apply to 适用于,应用于。that 引导定语从句,修饰 knowledge;根据 their work are more likely to succeed 可知是能应用到工作的。故选 D 项。 4.(2020·郑州外国语新枫杨学校高三月考)If you________yourself to the textbook,you’ll find the question is no more difficult. A.absorb B.apply C.adopt D.appeal 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:如果你专心于教科书,就会发现这个问题不再难解决 了。A. absorb 吸收;B. apply 应用;C. adopt 适应;D. appeal 吸引。根据“ you’ll find the question is no more difficult.”可知,如果你专心于教科书,就会发现这个问题不再难解决 了。apply oneself to 意为“致力于,专心于”。故选 B 项。 用 apply 的适当搭配及形式填空 ①This book beginners. ②They permission to use the meeting room. 【答案】 ①applies to ②applied for 知识点 7.have...in common 与……有共同点;与……共有 【归纳拓展】 have something/nothing/a lot/much/little in common(with...)(与……)有/无/很多/许多/几乎无共同之处 in common 共同,共有,共用 in common with... 和……一样 common sense 常识 【典例 7】 语法填空 1.(2020·天津高三)Alzheimer’s disease is recognized as ________ most common mental disease among older people, and the number of sufferers is growing. 【答案】the 【解析】句意:阿尔茨海默病被认为是老年人中最常见的精神疾病,而且患者的数量还在不 断增加。Common 的最高级是 the most common。故填 the。 2. Generally speaking, friends have much __________ common with each other. A.little;common with B. ; C.many; common with D.much; similar to 【答案】in 【解析】这题考查词组 have…in common with“有…共同之处”,根据句意:一般来说,朋友 有很多相同之处。所以是:Have much in common with。故填 in。 【变式】 单项填空 1. (陕西高三)—He has a lot of friends who have a lot in ________ common with himself. —Indeed. Birds of ________ feather flock together. A.the; / B.the; a C./; a D.a; the 【答案】C 【解析】考查冠词。两空都是固定搭配。句意:--他有很多朋友,他们和他有很多共同之 处。 --确实。物以类聚,人以群分。have...in common“与……有共同之处”。Birds of a feather flock together 意为“物以类聚,人以群分”,是谚语,故选 C 项。 2. Although they are twin sisters, they have nothing______ with each other except that they look alike. A.in fact B.in return C.in all D.in common 【答案】D 【解析】考查介词短语。A. 事实上;B.反过来;C.总共,总计;D.共同;共用。 have…in common 在某方面有共同之处,句意:尽管他们是双胞胎,但是除了长得像,他们却没有共同之处。 故选 D。 3. The two boys had so much in common as if they _______________ brought up in the same family. A.should be B.would be C.have been D.had been 【答案】D 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:这两个男孩有太多的相同点,就好像是在一个家庭长大的一 样。分析句子可知,这两个男孩不是在一个家庭长大,因而是假设的,结合语境可知,是 对过去的假设,故用过去完成时,故选 D。 4. Bob and Tom have nothing in ______ at all . How can they be good friends ? A.total B.common C.similar D.particular 【答案】B 【解析】本题的含义是鲍勃和汤姆根本就没有共同的东西,他们怎么可能成为好朋友,in common 表示共同的意思,故本题选 B。 完成句子 ①I suddenly felt we (有很多共同点). ② (和大部分年轻人一样) most of the young,he likes to listen to rock and roll. 【答案】 ①had much in common ②In common with 知识点 8.as a result 结果;因此 【归纳拓展】 as a result of 由于;作为……的结果 result in (=cause)导致;致使 result from (=be caused by) 起因于;因……而引起 【典例 8】 语法填空 1. (2019·上海市嘉定区第二中学)The car moved so fast the it went through the highway-dividing fence, ________(result) in a collision in which five people died. 【答案】resulting 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:那辆车开得太快,穿过了高速公路的护栏,结果发生了撞 车事故,造成 5 人死亡。此处表示一种自然而然的结果,用现在分词做结果状语,故填 resulting。 2. Large quantities of solid fuel are consumed every day and too much carbon dioxide is sent into the air,which in turn ________(result)in the going up of temperature. 【答案】results 【解析】考查主谓一致和动词短语。句意:每天大量的固体燃料被消耗,太多的二氧化碳被 排入空气中,这反过来导致了温度的上升。large quantities of 作主语,后面的谓语动词在人 称和数上与 quantities 保持一致,故第一空填 are;results in 导致,根据句意可填 results。 【变式】 1. To her disappointment, what she had devoted herself to in nothing but failure. A.resulting B.results C.has resulted D.resulted 【答案】D 【解析】考查时态。句意:令她失望的是,她倾力所做的一切,给她带来的只是失败。句中 “what she had devoted herself to”为主语从句,what 作介词 to 的宾语,且 devote 这一动作发 生在 result in 这一动作之前,故用 resulted。 2.To the people’s surprise, the number of deaths ________ the war ________ still rising. A.resulting from; is B.resulting from; are C.resulting in; is D.resulting in; are 【答案】A 【解析】考查现在分词做定语和主谓一致:句意:使人们惊讶的是,由战争引起的死亡数量 正在上升。第一空是现在分词做定语,因为 deaths 和 result from 是主谓关系,第二空 be 动 词的选择,看主语,主语是 the number of deaths“死亡的数量”,谓语是单数,选 A。 3. He failed in the exam as a result ________ his carelessness. 【答案】of 【解析】句意:由于他粗心的结果他考试没及格。as a result of 由于什么的结果。故填 of。 用 as a result 和 as a result of 填空 ①由于锻炼,他已强身健体。 exercise,he has built up his body. ②由于条件太差,工人们离开了。 The conditions are poor; ,the workers left.=The workers left the poor conditions. 【答案】 ①As a result of ②as a result;as a result of 完成句子 (1) Hard work ____________ success.努力终归成功。 (2) Success _____________ hard work.成功来自于努力工作。 (3)He was ill. ____________________, he didn't go to school.他生病了。因此,他没去上学。 (4)___________________________ his illness, he didn't go to school.由于生病,他没去上学。 【答案】(1) results in(2) results from(3) As a result(4) As a result of 知识点 9.in a way 在某种程度上 【归纳拓展】 all the way 一路上;一直;完全 by way of 经由;途经 by the way 顺便说 in the way 妨碍,挡路 in this way 以这种方法 in no way 决不,无论如何都不 on the way 在途中 on one’s way to... 在某人去……的途中; 即将成为…… give way (to) 让步,屈服 【典例 9】 语法填空 1. —I think G.E.M. is a talented singer. —I agree with you ______ a way. 【答案】in 【解析】考查短语。句意:我认为邓紫棋是一个有天赋的歌手,在某种程度上我很同意你的 想法。in a way 在某种程度上。故填 in。 2. He is really an excellent doctor and he is _____ the way to becoming an expert in this field. 【答案】on 【解析】考查介词固定搭配。on the way to someplace 在去......的路上。句意:他真的是一位 杰出的医生,他在将会成为医疗领域专家。故填 on。 【变式】 单项填空 1. (江苏省如东高级中学高三期末)It’s certain that we are to having a clean and beautiful home in the future because some special projects are to protect the environment. A.under way; on the way B.in the way; on the way C.on the way; by the way D.on the way; under way 【答案】D 【解析】考查介词短语。under way 在进行中;on the way 在路上;in the way 妨碍。句意: 一些特殊的项目正在实施中来保护我们的环境,所以我们在不久的将来将会有一个干净美丽 的家园。故选 D。 2. Mrs Black finds it hard to clear up the mess, as the kids are always _______ whenever she tries to. A.in a way B.in the way C.by the way D.on the way 【答案】B 【解析】考查词组辨析。A 以某种方式;B 妨碍、挡道;C 顺便;D 在途中、沿途。句意: 布莱克女士发现很难去清理这些脏乱,因为孩子们总是在她想要打扫的时候妨碍她。根据句 意可判断应该选 B。 3.Mrs. Smith finds it hard to clear up the mess, as her children are always whenever she tries to. A. in the way B. on watch C. in sight D. on the line 【答案】 【解析】 考查介词短语。A 项“挡道,妨碍”,B 项“值班,监视”,C 项“在视线中,被看 见”,D 项“在线上”。根据句意:史密斯太太发现想收拾一下那些乱七八糟的东西有困难, 因为每当她想要做的时候她的那些孩子总是妨碍她。故答案选 A。 完成句子 (1)You are quite right __________________.从某一方面来讲,你完全正确。 (2)It’s surprising that so many people should go abroad _________________ Hong Kong. 竟然有这么多的人途经香港去国外,真让人吃惊。 (3)__________________ can we miss the chance that someone will be sent abroad for further education.我们决不能错过这个被派往国外深造的机会。 (4)Our employer will not ______________________ our demands for higher wages. 我们的雇主不会对我们增加工资的要求让步。 (5)Don’t stand ____________.不要妨碍别人。 【答案】(1)in a way(2)by way of(3)In no way (4)give way to(5)in the way 知识点 10. deal with 处理、安排,对付;涉及;打交道 【归纳拓展】 ①deal with 中的 deal 为不及物动词,常与疑问词 how 连用,表示“怎么处理/对待”;同义短 语为 do with,其中的 do 为及物动词,表示“怎么处理/对待”时,与疑问词 what 连用。 ②deal with 的意思较多,常表示“对付,应付;处理,安排;论及,涉及;与……交流,交易” 等。 【典例 10】 语法填空 1.(江苏高三单元测试)The financial problem is difficult ________(deal) with. It needs efforts made by all the people. 【答案】to deal 【解析】此题考查的是固定句型:主语+系动词+形容词+不定式。而此结构中的不定式常 用主动形式表被动意义,故填 to deal。句意:这个金融问题很难处理,它需要所有人做出努 力。 2.(2019·广东金山中学)It is believed that, if not carefully________(deal)with, the situation will get worse. 【答案】dealt 【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意:人们相信,如果不认真处理,情况会变得更糟。在 if 引导的条件状语从句中,当从句主语和主句主语一致且含有 be 的某种形式时,可省略从句 的主语和 be,完整形式为:if it(the situation) is not carefully dealt with,本句相当于省略了 it(the situation) is,根据“the situation will get worse.”可知此处表示“要是不……”而不是“要是……就 好了”,故填 dealt。 3. ______ (deal)with such a problem before, we handled the situation very well this time. 【答案】Having dealt 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:我们以前处理过这样的问题,这次我们处理得很好。此处 不是并列句,也不是从句,所以应该是非谓语动词。句子主语 we 和非谓语动词 deal with 之 间是主动关系,且动作先于谓语动词的动作,所以现在分词完成式做原因状语,故填 Having dealt。 【变式】 单项填空 1.Such a person _______ you referred to just now is really hard _______ in our life. A.as; to deal with B.who; to deal with C.whom; to be dealt with D.who; to be dealt with 【答案】A 【解析】考查定语从句和动词不定式。句意:你刚才提到的这种人在我们的生活中真的很难 对付。分析句子可知,此句为定主从句。其中的先行词为 a person,先行词 a person 被 such 修饰,定语从句中如果先行词被 such 修饰时,要用关系词 as。第二个空考查的是 Sb. is+adj. to do 句式。因此要用动词不定式的主动形式。此句是指“你刚才提到的这个人在我们的生活 中真的很难对付”。因此只有 A 符合题意。 2. Last summer I took a course on _______ poisonous gases. A.how to deal with B.what to deal with C.how to be dealt with D.what to be dealt with 【答案】A 【解析】考查固定搭配。固定搭配 how to deal with sth=what to do with sth 如何处理某事;句 意:去年夏天,我参加一个关于如何处理有毒气体的课程。故 A 正确。 3.—I wonder whom you are waiting for. —The policeman the traffic accident. A.dealt with B.to deal with C.will deal with D.to be dealt with 【答案】B 【解析】考查不定式做定语。本题中的不定式做定语修饰名词 the police 指处理这个事故的 警察。因为上文问你在等谁,下文回答的应该是人,不可能的句子,故排除 AC。D 项表示 被动,而本题上下文中没有被动的含义。故 B 正确。 写出下列 deal with 的意思。 (1)There are too many difficulties for us to deal with.____________ (2)He has learnt to deal properly with all kinds of complicated situations._______________ (3)Deal with a man as he deals with you.___________ (4)This is a book dealing with Asian problems.______________________ 【答案】(1)处理(2)应付(3)对付(4)关于;论及(5)与……往来/相处 知识点 11.watch over 看守;监视;守护;照管 【归纳拓展】 watch for sth. 盼望或等待某事物 watch out 小心;留神;注意(用于提醒、警示) watch out for sb./sth. 警惕或注意某人/物 keep (a) watch on 监视 on the watch for 看守着……,监视着…… 【典例 11】 语法填空 1. (2020·天水市第一中学)Jack who is good at swimming was asked to watch ______ the beginners at the swimming pool. 【答案】over 【解析】句意:擅长游泳的杰克被要求去游泳池照管初学者。watch over 照管,监视。根据 the beginners at the swimming pool 可知,此处指在游泳池照管初学者,以防出现意外。故填 over。 2. At a beach or a swimming pool a lifeguard is a person who is responsible for __________ (watch)over other swimmers and protecting them from accidents. 【答案】watching 【解析】句意:在海边或者游泳池,救生员是一个负责照管他人,防止他们出现事故的一个 人。此处 for 是介词,其后用动名词。故填 watching。 【变式】 单项填空 1.(2019·深圳市高级中学)---John, would you please help me ______ my clothes while I have a swim? --- Ok, no problem. A.watch for B.watch out C.watch over D.watch with 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词短语。句意:——约翰,我游泳的时候你能帮我照看一下我的衣服吗?—— 好的,没问题。A. watch for 等待;当心;B. watch out 小心;提防;C. watch over 看守;照管; D. watch with 和……一起看。根据句意故选 C。 2.(2018·河北冀州中学)---I have been worried about the possible danger of driving on a railway line. ---Don’t be afraid; God will us. A.watch over B.turn over C.go over D.look over 【答案】A 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。watch over 保护,照看;turn over 翻转,翻身;go over 复习; look over 翻阅,浏览。句意:— 我担心在铁路线上开车可能的危险。 — 不用害怕;上 帝会守护我们的。A 选项正确。 完成句子 (1)They __________________ by three policemen.他们由三个警察看守着。 (2)She ____________ her chance to speak.她等机会发言。 (3)____________! There is a car coming.注意!有车来了。 (4)_________________ the pickpockets!当心有扒手! 【答案】(1)were watched over(2)watched for(3)Watch out(4)Watch out for 知识点 12.give...away 捐赠;赠送;分发;泄露秘密 【归纳拓展】 give in 上交;让步;妥协 give off 散发(气味) give out 耗尽;散发,分发,公布 give up 放弃 【典例 12】 语法填空 1. Bill Gates was so nice that he decided ________ (give)away most of his money to the society. 【答案】to give 【解析】give away 赠送;捐赠。句意:Bill Gates 如此善良以至于他决定把他大部分的钱捐 赠给社会。根据 decide 后接不定式作宾语,故填 to give。 2.(2019·黑龙江哈尔滨市第六中学校高三期中)The flowers give ___________ a fragrant perfume. 【答案】off 【解析】句意:这些花散发出芬芳的香味。give off 散发。结合句意可知,此处译为“散发出 芬芳的香味”符合语境,故填 off。 3.More and more rich people have promised to give _____ their wealth after death to help the poor and the disabled. 【答案】away 【解析】句意:越来越多的富人允诺在去世以后把钱赠送出来个穷人和残疾人。根据句意可 知此处填 away。 【变式】 单项填空 1.(2020·安徽高三学业考试)I think we should all these old toys to the local children hospital. A.give out B.give in C.give up D.give away 【答案】D 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:我认为我们应该将这些所有旧玩具送给当地儿童医院。 A. give out 发出;B. give in 屈服;C. give up 放弃;D. give away 赠送,捐贈。根据句意表达, 我们应该将旧玩具捐赠给儿童医院,选项 D 符合句意。故选 D。 2.(2019·江西南昌二中)Don’t mention that at the beginning of the story, or it may _____ the shocking end. A.give out B.give away C.give up D.give off 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。A. give out 分发;B. give away 泄露;C. give up 放弃;D. give off 发出(光)。句意:不要在故事的开头提到它,否则会泄露令人震惊的结局。根据“the shocking end”可知,此处表示“泄露”,故 B 项正确。 3. In order to protect the environment。supermarkets and stores are forbidden to free plastic bags to shoppers. A.put away B.put off C.give off D.give away 【答案】D 【解析】考查词组:A.put away收好B.put off 推迟C.give off散发 D.give away赠送, 泄漏,句意:为了保护环境,超市和商店被禁止赠送免费塑料袋给顾客。选 D。 用适当的介、副词填空 ①I'm afraid the kids will give the whole thing . ②He has given to my view. ③My father has given smoking. 【答案】 ①away ②in ③up 【考点精讲】 考点 1 before 的用法 【教材原句】I developed very slowly and it took nearly two hundred years before I was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage.(P18)我发展得很缓慢,大约两百年后,查尔斯·巴比 奇才把我制成了一台分析机。 【句法分析】本句中 before 引导时间状语从句。before 引导时间状语从句时可以根据语境 译作“过了……(时间)才……,还没来得及……就……,不知不觉就……”。 ①“It was+时间段+before...”表示“过了多久 才……”。从句常用一般过去时。 ②“It was not long before...”意为“不久就……”。 从句常用一般过去时。 ③“It will not be long before...”表示“不久就 会……”。从句常用一般现在时。 ④“It will be+时间段+before...”表示“要过多久 才……”。从句常用一般现在时。 【例句研读】 It was a long time before I went to sleep last night.昨天夜里过了很久我才睡着。 He had got in the train before I could say goodbye.我还没来得及说再见,他已经上了火车。 It was three days before he came back.过了三天他才回来。 It was not long before he got a rise in the company.不久他在公司就升了职。 It will not be long before we get used to the new school life.不久我们就会习惯新的学校生活。 【考点聚焦】before 的用法 【典例 13】 单项填空 1.(2019·江苏扬州中学高三月考)How long do you think ____ the conflict between Japan and China comes to an end? A.it will be since B.will it be until C.it will be before D.will it be when 【答案】C 【解析】考查固定句式。句意:你认为还有多长时间中国和日本能够结束冲突?do you think 是插入语,它用疑问句的形式,它的后面应该用陈述语气,故排除 B 和 D。“it will be +some time before ...”为固定句式,意为“还要过多久才能......”,“since”从句要用一般过去时,主句 要用现在完成时,故 A 是错误的。根据语境可知,此处是指要多久中日两国才能结束冲突。 故选 C。 2.(2019·重庆南开中学)Scientists say it may be two years ________ this new medicine can be tested on human patients. A.before B.after C.since D.when 【答案】A 【解析】考查连词。句意:科学家表示,这种新药可能需要过两年时间才能在人类患者身上 进行测试。A. before 在……之前;B. after 在……之后;C. since 自……时候;D. when 当……时。本题考查 It + be + some time + before 从句,表示“多久之后才……”。故选 A。 【变式】 1. (2019·上海曹杨二中)John thinks it won’t be long ______he is ready for his new job . 【答案】before 【解析】句意:Jenny 认为过不了多久她就会为她的工作做好准备。it be + 否定形式 +一段 时间+before 意为 “不久…….就”。故填 before。 2. The island country had fought against the invaders for more than ten years it became an independent republic. 【答案】before 【解析】本题考查状语从句。此处为时间状语从句,表示“在……之前”应用 before 引导。句 意:这个岛国在成为一个独立的共和国之前与侵略者战斗了十多年。故填 before。 完成句子 ①不久,她就把一切都准备好了。 she got everything ready. ②我还没来得及说句话,他就冲出了房间。 ,he had rushed out of the room. 【答案】 ①It was not long before ②Before I could say a word 考点 2 as 引导的时间状语从句 【教材原句】As time went by,I was made smaller.(P18) 随着时间的推移,我被做得更小了。 【句法分析】句中 as 为连词,意为“随着”,引导时间状语从句。 【提示】 as 与 with 均可表示“随着”,但词性不同。as 是连词,引导时间状语从句; with 是介词,后接名词/代词+分词构成 with 的复合结构。 ①as 用作从属连词,表示“既然,因为”,引导原因状语从句。 ②as 用作从属连词,表示“虽然”,引导让步状语从句,只用于倒装语序,即把作表语 的形容词、名词或作状语的副词以及动词原形置于句首。 ③as 用作关系代词,引导定语从句,可放于句首、句中或句末。 【例句研读】 As time goes on,it's getting warmer and warmer. 随着时间的推移,天气变得越来越暖和了。 As housing price is going up fast,ordinary people find it harder to afford one. =With housing price going up fast,ordinary people find it harder to afford one. 随着房价的迅速攀升,普通人发现支付一套房子越来越难了。 As we're both tired,let's just grab a takeaway. 我们俩都累了,来吃点外卖食品吧。 Try as she might,Sue couldn't get the door open. 无论苏怎样努力,她就是打不开门。 【考点聚焦】as 引导的时间状语从句 【典例 14】 单项填空 1.(2020·江苏省高三月考)Prince Harry and his wife, Meghan, will give up the name “royal” ____ they withdraw from official duties and embrace new lives, the couple confirmed on Friday. A.unless B.while C.as D.although 【答案】C 【解析】考查原因状语从句。句意:哈里王子和他的妻子梅根周五证实,他们将放弃“皇家” 的名字,因为他们撤出皇室的各种责任,拥抱新的生活。A. unless 除非;B. while 然而;C. as 因为;D. although 尽管。由上下文可知,因为他们撤出皇室的各种责任,所以他们会放弃皇 室的名誉和头衔。所填空后是空前的原因,as 可引导原因状语从句。故选 C 项。 2.(2019·江苏省)Bejing Daxing International Airport completed its first flight of passenger planes ___________four aircrafts landed safely on the runway Monday morning. A.though B.as C.while D.before 【答案】B 【解析】考查时间状语从句。句意:周一上午,北京大兴国际机场四架飞机安全降落在跑道 上,完成了首架客机的飞行。此处是 as“随着”引导的时间状语从句,故选 B。 3. He smiled politely Mary apologized for her drunken friends. A. as B. if C. unless D. though 【答案】 A 【解析】 句意:当 Mary 为她喝醉了的朋友道歉时,他礼貌地微笑着。根据句意,此处只 能用 as 引导这个时间状语从句,相当于 while。其他选项中,though 表示让步,不符合句 意。unless 意为“要不是”,可以排除。 【变式】 完成句子 ①随着时间的流逝,他已经改变了许多。 ,he has changed a lot. ②管已经很疲惫了,学生们仍继续练习。Tired ,the students went on practising. 【答案】 ①As time went by/With time going by ②as they were 考点 3 so...that...“如此……以至于……”,引导结果状语从句 【教材原句】Over time my memory has developed so much that,like an elephant,I never forget anything I have been told!(P18)随着时间的推移,我的记忆能力发展得如此之快,就像一头 大象一样,从来不会忘记告诉我的任何事情! 【句法分析】so...that... 如此……以致……。 that 引导结果状语从句。另外, such...that... 也引导结果状语从句。其结构形式为: so+adj./adv. +adj.+a/an+可数名词单数 +many/few+可数名词复数 much/little+不可数名词 that 从句 such+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数 +adj.+可数名词复数 +adj.+不可数名词 that 从句 拓展:(1)当 so.../such...位于句首时,句子要部分倒装。 So small was the mark that I could hardly see it. 那个标记非常小,我几乎看不见它。 (2)so...that...中的主句和从句的主语是同一个,that 从句也可改为 as to do 形式。 The old lady was so kind that she led me to the hospital. =The old lady was so kind as to lead me to the hospital. 这个老太太是那样好心,她把我领到了医院。 (3)so that 连在一起用,可引导结果状语从句,也可引导目的状语从句。so that 引导目的状 语从句时,从句中常使用 can/could/may/might/will/would/should 等情态动词;引导结果状 语从句时,从句中一般不用 can 和 may 等 词,在 so that 前可以有逗号,意思是“因此;所以”。 He hurried up so that he could catch the train. 他匆匆赶路为的是赶上火车。(对比:He hurried up so that he caught the train. 他匆匆赶路, 结果赶上了火车。) 【例句研读】 ①She was so excited that she couldn't go to sleep. 她兴奋得睡不着觉。 ②It was so hot a day that nobody wanted to do anything. (=It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything.)天气如此热,谁也不想干活。 ③I made so many mistakes in the composition that the teacher criticized me. 我的作文中出了许多错误,老师批评了我。 【考点聚焦】so...that...“如此……以至于……”,引导结果状语从句 【典例 15】 语法填空 1.(2020·江苏省高三期末)Well-educated employees can undertake most common jobs easily, ________ the efficiency of the society is guaranteed. A.so that B.even if C.in that D.as if 【答案】A 【解析】考查状语从句引导词。句意:受过高等教育的雇员能够更加容易地承担一般的工作, 结果社会的生产效率能够得到保证。A. so that 以便于;B. even if 尽管;C. in that 因为; D. as if 好像。结合句意可知,上下文是因果关系,设空处表结果,用 so that 引导的结果状 语从句。故选 A 项。 2.(2019·黑龙江省牡丹江一中高三月考)So sudden ________that the enemy had no time to escape. A.did the attack B.the attack did C.was the attack D.the attack was 【答案】C 【解析】考查倒装句。句意:袭击是如此突然以至于敌人没有时间逃跑。sudden 是形容词 作表语,缺系动词 was,所以这是主系表结构,故排除 A 和 B ,又因在 so...that 句型中, so+ 形容词,前置时用部分倒装语序,故选 C。 3.(2019·天津市四合庄中学高三月考)There was snow everywhere ______ the shapes of things were difficult to identify. A.so that B.now that C.for fear that D.on condition that 【答案】A 【解析】考查状语从句的连词。句意:到处都是雪,所以东西的形状很难辨认。A. so that 因此;所以; B. now that 既然;C. for fear that 生怕,唯恐;D. on condition that“如果...;在 ... 条件下,若…则。分析可知,“到处都是雪”和“东西的形状很难辨认”之间是因果关系,因为 下雪所以东西的形状难以辨认,用结果状语从句的连词,选 A 项。 4.(2019·天津高三二模)It is snowing heavily ________ it is impossible for us to arrive at our destination tonight. A.as long as B.even though C.so that D.now that 【答案】C 【解析】考查连词词义辨析。句意:雪下得很大,所以我们今晚不可能到达目的地。A. as long as 只要;B. even though 尽管;C. so that 因此,所以;D. now that 既然。根据“It is snowing heavily”可知,此处表示结果,用 so that,故 C 项正确。 【变式】 语法填空 1.Wang Yaping is such an excellent astronaut ____________ she has been assigned to perform our country’s second manual space docking. 【答案】that 【解析】考查状语从句。句意:王亚平是如此优秀的宇航员,以至于她被指派执行我们国家 的第二次手工空间对接。such...that..."如此……以至于",引导结果状语从句,故填 that。 2.(2019·江苏省高三期末)_________ tired was the teacher with heavy loads of teaching that he later became an easy target of the flu. 【答案】So 【解析】考查 so…that 句型与倒装。句意:教学任务不堪重负,这位老师很快就成了流感的 目标。在 so…that 句型中,当 so+形容词位于句首时,要进行部分倒装,故填 So。 考点 4 by the time 到……为止(引导时间状语从句,如果从句用一般过去时,则主句 用过去完成时;如果从句用一般现在时,则主句用将来完成时)” 【教材原句】By the time I was sixteen,my dream had come true.(P20)到我 16 岁时,我的梦想 已经成为现实。 【句法分析】by the time 到……为止(引导时间状语从句,如果从句用一般过去时,则主句 用过去完成时;如果从句用一般现在时,则主句用将来完成时) 【例句研读】 By the time they get there,we will have finished the work.他们到那里时,我们已经把工 作做完了。 By the time the soldiers arrived at the area,the number of the injured had risen to ten thousand.当士兵们到达那个地区时,伤员已增至一万人。 【考点聚焦】by the time 到……为止 【典例 16】 单项填空 1.(2020·四川省西充中学高三月考)I loved this picture ________ I saw it. A.first time B.the first time C.at the first time 【答案】B 【解析】考查连词。句意:我第一次看见这幅画就喜欢上它了。分析句子可知,设空出前后 是两个句子,故应用连词连接。the first time 可充当连词用。故选 B。 2.(2018·天津市宝坻区第一中学高三期末)Tom is greatly interested in this poet now , but he thought it boring ______ he read it. A.in the first time B.the first time C.for the first time D.at first 【答案】B 【解析】考查名词词组引导时间状语从句。句意:汤姆现在对这位诗人很感兴趣,但他第一 次读时就觉得很乏味。此处…she read it 是一个完整的句子,不能使用介词短语引导,A、 C、D 都是介词短语,而 the first time“第一次”虽然是名词词组,但可作连词用,引导一个 时间状语从句。故选 B。 3.(2019·黑龙江省哈尔滨市第六中学)—Is this the first time you ________ Harbin? —No. But the first time I ________ here, the city wasn’t so beautiful. A.visited; came B.had visited; have come C.have visited; have come D.have visited; came 【答案】D 【解析】考查固定句式和时态。句意:——这是你第一次来哈尔滨吗?——不。但是我第一 次来这里的时候,这个城市并不那么漂亮。固定句式:This is the first time+主语+现在完成 时态+其他,表示“某人第几次做某事”;the first time 相当于连词,引导时间状语从句,从 句时态用一般过去时态与主语对应。故选 D。 【变式】 单句改错 ①By the time we got there,the bus left. ②We will complete the task by the time they come here. 【答案】 ①left→had left ②complete→have completed 考点 5 省略句 【教材原句】She programs us with all the possible moves she has seen while watching human games.(P23) 她把观看人类比赛时所看到的一切可能动作编入我们的程序。 【句法分析】此句为一个主从复合句。句中 while watching human games 相当于 while she is watching human games。 省略句的两大原则 ①状语从句(when,while,if,unless,though,once 等)的主语和主句的主语一致,或 从句主语是 it。 ②从句中含有 be 动词。 结论:省略从句中的主语和 be 动词。 【提示】 如果主、从句的主语不一致,从句不能省略,而应使用状语从句的完整形 式。 There are so many cars that you should be careful while crossing the road.有那么多车辆, 过马路时当心些。 Unless(it is)necessary,you'd better not refer to the dictionary.如果没有必要,你最好不要 查字典。 【典例 17】 语法填空 1.(2020·江苏省海安高级中学高三二模)Daniel has undertaken to keep the secret, so he won’t tell anyone even though ______(ask)to. A.asked to keep B.to be asked C.to ask D. 【答案】asked 【解析】考查省略和过去分词。句意:丹尼尔答应保守这个秘密,所以即使问他也不会告诉 任何人。此处是 even though 引导的让步状语从句,从句主语和主句主语都是 he,和 ask 之 间是被动关系,相同的主语和 be 动词可以省略,所以这里是过去分词作状语,且 ask sb. to do sth.可以省略与前面相同的部分,只留下动词不定式符号 to。故填 asked。 2.(2020·江苏省南京师大附中高三月考)The boy, though (bring)up in the countryside, soon adapted himself to the way of life in this big city. 【答案】brought 【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意:这个男孩虽然在农村长大,但很快就适应了这个大城 市的生活方式。分析句子可知,本句为状语从句的省略,其完整形式为:though the boy was brought up ,因主句和从句主语相同,且从句动词为 be 动词,所以主语和 be 一同省略。 故填 brought。 3.(2020·郑州外国语新枫杨学校高三月考)Although ________(tell) to stop, he kept on working 【答案】told 【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意:虽然他被告诉要停下来,但是他继续工作。根据句意 “被告诉”应过去分词。told 前省略了 he was。故填 told。 【变式】 单项填空 1.(2020·天津高三月考)What do you feel when _______ to yourself after your mobile phone battery runs out in the middle of a call? A.leaving talking B.left talking C.being leaving talking D.being left talking 【答案】B 【解析】考查省略句和现在分词作宾补。句意:你的手机电池在通话过程中耗尽,让你自言 自语的时候你是什么感受?leave sb. doing sth.“使某人处于做某事的状态”,宾语 you 提前做 主语,因此用被动语态。所以句中 when 引导时间状语从句的完整形式是 when you are left talking to yourself,从句的主语与主句的主语一致,且有 be 动词,因此省略从句的主语和 be 动词 you are,构成 when left talking to yourself。故选 B。 2.(2020·江苏省天一中学高三月考)The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely, ________, reaching 30℃ in summer. A.if not B.if ever C.if any D.if so 【答案】B 【解析】考查短语词义辨析。句意:这里的气候非常好,夏天的温度很少达到 30 度。if not 要不;if ever 如果曾经有,很少;if any如果真有的话;if so假如这样的话。这里意思是“夏 天的温度很少达到 30 度”。故选 B。 3.(2020·江苏省海安高级中学高三二模)Some experts believe that the students, once ______ to computer games, will probably lose opportunities of progressing. A.addicting B.addicted C.having addicted D.being addicted 【答案】B 【解析】考查省略和过去分词。句意:一些专家认为,学生一旦沉迷于电脑游戏,很可能会 失去进步的机会。固定词组:be addicted to“对……上瘾,沉迷于”。此处是连词 once“一旦” 引导的条件状语从句的省略,且相同的主语和 be 动词可以省略,所以这里是过去分词作状 语,addicted 已经演变成了形容词,故选 B。 句型转换 ①While I was walking along the street,I heard my name called. →While along the street,I heard my name called. ②Even if I am invited,I won't go to the party. →Even if ,I won't go to the party. 【答案】 ①walking ②invited 考点 6 of+n.结构的用法 【教材原句】Anyhow, my goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality. 无论如何,我的目标是为人类提供高质量的生活。 【句法分析】of high quality 在句中做定语,属于 of+n.结构。这一结构相当于形容词,在句 中可以做表语、定语或宾语补足语。 (1)of+n.结构中的名词是抽象名词时,相当于其名词所对应的形容词的意思,说明被修饰词 具有某种特征或属性。常用的名词有:use, importance, help, value, interest, benefit 等。这些 名词前可用 great, no, little, some, any, not much 等修饰,以表示不同程度。 The camel is of great help to the Arab.(=The camel is very helpful to the Arab.) 骆驼对阿拉伯人有很大帮助。 (2)of+n.结构中的名词表种类、数量、度量等时,表示不同的人或物的共同特征,此时名 词前通常有冠词。常用的名词有:size, type, kind, price, height, depth, length, weight, age, shape, colour 等。 The two are of an age, but are of different height. 这两个人年龄相同,但身高不同。 (3)of+n.结构还可以表示主语的根源关系,此时的名词多是表示亲属、血统、种族、国籍以 及出处的名词,常用的名词有:family, blood, race, origin 等。 We are of the same blood. 我们是同一血统。 (4)of + n. 结构还可以表示人的特点、特性,常用 of + wealth/education/courage/achievement/ability 等。 Your sister is a girl of wisdom. 你妹妹是一位有智慧的女孩。 【典例 18】 语法填空 1. I don't want to hear what you are saying. It is _______ no interest to me.我不想听你说,我对此 不感兴趣。 【答案】of 2. Doing morning exercises will be of__________(beneficial)to your health.做早操对你的健康 有利。 【答案】benefit 3.Coal is of great __________(important)to the development of industry.煤对工业发展是相当 重要的。 【答案】importance 【变式】 You will find this map of great ______ in helping you to get around London. A.price B.cost C.value D.usefulness 【答案】C 【解析】be of great value=be very valuable “很有价值”。 考点 6 话题写作—— 科学技术( 人与自我 ) 【典例 19】 (2019·天津高三月考)假如你是晨光中学学生李华。因担心同学们浏览不健康的网站,学 校关闭了电脑教室的上网功能,同学们感到很郁闷。请你用英语给校长写一封建议信。内容 包括: 1.无法上网给学生带来的不便; 2.网络的必要性(帮助解决学习难题、获取最新消息……) 3.发表你的看法。 注意: 1.词数不少于 100 词; 2. 开头已给出,不计入总词数; 3.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯; 参考词汇:不便的;inconvenient Dear headmaster, I’m writing to request you to allow us to surf the Internet in the computer classroom. _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear headmaster, I’m writing to request you to allow us to surf the Internet in the computer classroom. Right now, we can’t use the computer in the compute classroom, which makes us very upset because we can’t search for the information we need or read news about what is happening at home or abroad. As far as I’m concerned, using the Internet is very necessary. Surfing the Internet can benefit us in many ways. First of all, we can search for solutions to some problems that we come across in our studies. Second, it is necessary for us to learn about the latest news. More importantly, we are no longer children now, so we can able to control our behaviour. Therefore, the teachers needn’t be worried about us. I do hope you can take my suggestions into consideration and make a final decision. 【解析】 本文是一篇提纲类书面表达,因担心同学们浏览不健康的网站,学校关闭了电脑教室的上网 功能,同学们感到很郁闷。请你用英语给校长写一封建议信。全文以一般现在时和第三人称 为主。 第 1 步:审题。根据提示可知本文是一封建议信,要求考生用英语请给校长写一封建议信, 说明无法上网带来的不便等内容。全文以一般现在时和第三人称为主。 第 2 步:组织要点。1. 无法上网给学生带来的不便;2.网络的必要性(帮助解决学习难题、 获取最新消息);3.发表你的看法:学生有自控力。 第 3 步:根据提示及关键词组进行遣词造句,关键词为 surf the Internet、benefit in many ways、 search for solutions、come across、control our behavior、take … into consideration 等。写作时 注意书信的格式和惯用语。 第 4 步:连句成文,注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡,书写一定要规范清晰, 保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。 【点睛】 本篇范文结构完美,条理清晰。范文时态和人称运用准确,涵盖了文字提示要求的所有要点, 且有适当的个人发挥。考生运用了多样式的句型结构,整篇文章富有变化,并不死板。使用 了较多的高级词汇,如 benefit in many ways、come across、take … into consideration 等;尽 量运用了丰富的句式,如定语从句…which makes us very upset。动名词短语做主语 Surfing the Internet can benefit us in many ways.等。同时文章的一些串联成分,如 As far as I’m concerned、 first of all、second、more importantly、therefore, 等,这些串联词让各个要点更为紧密地结合 在一起。以上写作技巧的运用提升了文章的层次,显示了考生具有很强的驾驭语言的能力。 【变式】 1.(2019·浙江高一期中)为了帮助学生了解更多的电脑知识,学校邀请了浙江大学计算机 系(the Computer Department)的陈教授来校作讲座。假如你是校学生会主席李华,请根据所 给提示,代表学生会用英语写一则通知,要点包括: 1. 主讲人; 2. 讲座时间和地点; 3. 参加对象; 4. 注意事项。 注意:1.词数 80 左右,标题和结尾已为你写好 2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯 NOTICE _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________ Student Union 【答案】 NOTICE To help students learn more about computers, our school has invited Professor Chen from the Computer Department of Zhejiang University to give us a lecture at 2 pm on November 20th in the lecture hall. Professor Chen will talk about the use of computer and how to make the most of the Internet. Any computer-lover is welcome to attend the lecture. You are required to keep quiet and take notes during it. Please bring your questions in computer learning as well, for Professor Chen will leave you time for them. Don’t forget to come on time. The Student Union 【解析】 这是一则通知。写通知时,语言应简洁明了。题干中已经给出了写作要点,同学们按每个要 点稍加发挥即可。 第 1 步:审题。确定时态。通知一般以第二人称与第三人称为主,时态根据事件时间,可以 采用任何时态。本文使用一般现在时和一般将来时。 第 2 步:确定文章框架和内容。信件可分为两段,第一段主要讲述通知的背景,第二段讲述 需要通知给同学们的内容。 第 3 步:确定关键词(组)。 “learn more about computers 了解更多关于计算机的知识”,“make the most of the Internet 充分利用互联网”,“be welcome to 欢迎来到”,“be required to 被要求 做某事”,“leave you time for 给你留出时间做……”等。 第 4 步:对写作要点遣词造句,注意主谓一致和时态问题。 第 5 步: 连句成文,注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡,书写一定要规范清 晰,保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。 【点睛】 范文内容完整,段落清晰,语言规范,语篇连贯,词数适当。文章首段使用了两个不定式作 目的状语。第二段第一句使用了宾语从句,第二段第三句使用了并列连词 for 解释了原因。 本文也使用了一些高级词汇,如,“learn more about computers”,“make the most of the Internet”,“be welcome to”,“be required to”,“leave you time for”等。全文中没有中国式英语 的句式,显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。且全文语句间过渡自然,为文章增色添彩。 2.(2019·湖北枣阳一中)阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。 With the development of the computer, virtual reality ( 虚 拟 现 实 ) steps in our life. If something is virtual, then it is created by computer technology and appears as if it were real.VR is a computer system with a special headset(耳机). When you put on the headset, you will look at two tiny television screens. They are so close to your eyes as if you see just one picture and you will believe that you have entered a different world. In many systems, you also wear special gloves. With the gloves you can reach out and touch things in the unreal world. The first VR games, which have already been sold around the world,enable you to drive a sports car,fly a plane, or fight an enemy.In the future, it may be difficult to tell the virtual world of the games from the real world outside. However, VR is not just for entertainment. One day, delighted children will be able to learn history by visiting the pyramids of Egypt. In addition,businesses will be able to use VR for many tasks. Pilot will be able to practise flying virtual planes before they go into the air. VR can help us improve the world in hundreds of ways. However, some people have warned that there could be dangers. It might be dangerous if we do something wrong, or if people do not want to return to reality because it is safer than real life. Besides, we will forget how to live and work with real people. There will be some problems with VR, as it is new for us. However,one thing is for sure: VR is here to stay.Get ready to step into another world! _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】VR is a computer system with a special headset and special gloves, which enables people to enter an unreal world. It is applied to more and more fields, such as, entertaining people,educating children, dealing with business and training pilots. However, it might be dangerous if people don’t use it properly. In conclusion, no matter what problems it brings, VR is sure to be part of people’s life in the near future. 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了什么是虚拟现实技术以及它的应用。如果不正确使用的话,将 会有危险。 阅读短文可知,文章主要描述了虚拟现实技术,介绍了虚拟现实技术的定义以及其用途。以 及若不正确使用的话会有危险。但是总之,不管它带来什么问题,虚拟现实在不久的将来一 定会成为人们生活的一部分。 结合大意进行英文写作,可参考短文内容,注意字数在 60 字左右。