2018年江苏省南京市、盐城市高三第二次模拟考试试题英语 18页

2018 年江苏省南京市、盐城市高三第二次模拟考试试题英语 本卷分为第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题），满分 120 分。考试时间 120 分钟。 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分 30 分） 第二部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分 35 分）（略） 第一节 单项填空（共 15 小题，每小题 1 分，满分 15 分） 请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项选出可以填入空白处的最 佳选项。 1. “I’m in China”，______ invites foreign native worldwide to experience unique job, is a project under the guidance of the State Council. A. that B. which C. where D. what 解析：考查定语从句。指物，后面句子不完整，用 that 或 which，横线前有逗号，排除 that 用 which，故选 B。 答案：B 2. —How are you getting along with your presentation? —Almost ready, and I ______ all I am supposed to. A. did B. had done C. have done D. shall have done 解析：考查时态。句意：——你的 presentation 准备得怎么样了？——快好了，到那个 时候我会把我该做的都弄好。shall have done 表示将来完成时，因为回答是还没完全准备好， 如果选 ABC 中的任一个表示的都是已经准备好了，与题目矛盾，故选 D。 答案：D 3. Divided into six themes, Victoria’s Secret Fashion Show ______ 55 models in 87 looks. A. featured B. represented C. attracted D. impressed 解析：考查动词词义辨析。A 以……为特点，B 代表，C 吸引，D 留下深刻印象。 答案：A 4. —Metteo’s new album Parama has turned out to be a hit. —Oh, he is really ______ of a lucky dog. A. nothing B. anything C. everything D. something 解析：考查词义辨析。“… is really something of…”可作为固定搭配记忆，在这里 something 意思为重要的事情重要的人，在本题中可翻译为“他还真是个幸运的家伙”，故选 D。 答案：D 5. I would have gone to bed when I was sick instead of ______ the earth would go into a holding pattern if I weren’t there for the day. A. confirming B. predicting C. pretending D. concluding 解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我生病的时候我会老老实实到床上躺好而不会假装 世界少了我就会不运转（而去继续工作）。根据句意，pretend 假装，选 C。 答案：C 6. The palace has been restored to resemble ______ it was during the time of Emperor Qianglong. A. what B. that C. which D. how 解析：考查名词从句。根据名词性从句做题口诀，前缺后缺表物用 what。此题选 A。 答案：A 7. The policy was rejected ______ a more cautious one. A. in case of B. in view of C. in favor of D. in place of 解析：考查介词短语。A 万一，B 由于，C 偏爱，D 代替。句意：这项政策被拒绝了为 了得到一个更加谨慎的政策；in favor of 为了，故选 C。 答案：C 8. —When will you ______ travelling? —Maybe next week. A. go in for B. get around to C. look forward to D. hold on to 解析：考查动词短语。A 参加从事，B 设法找到足够的时间去做某事，C 期望盼望，D 坚持。句意：——你什么时候会放下手中的事情去旅游一次？——也许下周吧。故选 B。 答案：B 9. America has become known for its ____ of individualism, which has been a source of conflict with other cultures. A. push B. ban C. offence D. control 解析：考查动词词义辨析。A 推动，B 禁止，C 攻击，D 控制。美国由于它对于个人主 义的推动而被世界所熟知。根据句意选 A。 答案：A 10. —Do you know the guy over there？ —Oh, don’t mistake him as an ordinary person. He’s a ______ in our company. A. cold fish B. rotten apple C. sly fox D. top banana 解析：考查俗语俚语。A 态度冷冰冰的人，B 坏家伙，C 狡猾的人，D 顶头上司。句意： ——嘿，你知道那边的那个人吗？——噢，别以为他是个普通人，他可是这个公司的头。根 据句意选 D。 答案：D 11. Guanghwa Bookshop as a stand-alone bookshop may face a loss, because profits from selling print books are ______ and rents in central London are high. A. zero B. handsome C. adequate D. slim 解析：考查词义辨析。A 零，B 帅气，C 足够的，D 微薄的。这里的句意为微薄的收入。 故选 D。 答案：D 12. —What do you think of her suggestion? —______, it would be much more sensible to talk about it later. A. Usually B. Generally C. Actually D. Exactly 解析：考查副词。句意：——你对她的提议什么看法？——实际上，过一阵子再讨论这 个会更加明智。ABD 三个选项代入句子中意思都不合适，根据句意选，表强调，选 C。 答案：C 13. What you do not want ______ to yourself, do not do to others. A. doing B. done C. being done D. having done 解析：考查 want sth done 选 B。意为己所不欲勿施于人。 答案：B 14. Persistent people begin their success ______ others end in failure. A. where B. while C. since D. though 解析：考查连词。这句话是一句谚语，意思是持之以恒的人们在他人失败之处开启他们 成功的旅程。这样看来意思就很清楚了，在…的地方，用 where 连接 2 个完整的句子，故选 A。 答案：A 15. —It’s probably wise to let Princess Elizabeth undertake the Commonwealth tour. ______. —Well, she’s up to it. A. What is it? B. If you say so. C. What say you? D. If only I could go. 解析：考查情景交际。句意：——让伊丽莎白公主到英联邦国去访问一下可能是非常正 确的。你觉得呢？——嗯，她正在着手这件事呢。What say you 在意思上等于 what do you say， 是后者的正式用法，根据句意选 C。 答案：C 第二节 完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 20 分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 In case you missed it, a video last week showed a miniature horse eating a bowl of carrots----from a high chair. A high chair. Yes, really. It might seem 16 , but it might also be the logical extension of the growing 17 of treating animals as human and treating pets as children. Examples of this attitude are 18 , and range from the innocent to the near-crazy. Some people even 19 their pets for Halloween or create social media accounts for them. Should this cause 20 ? Should we just smile and nod when people treat their pets as such? Should we shrug off the Facebook page “Animals are People Too” and “My Child has Four Paws”? No. 21 animals aren't people. And pets aren't children. There seems to be confusion about the 22 between pets and children. People 23 the language of parenthood when talking to their “fur kid” or “baby”. Of course, it' s one thing to use such language lightly, as an innocent expression of love or a(an) 24 of the great joy and deep bonds that pets, like children, can create. It’s quite another to use this language 25 . Words 26 . Using inaccurate labels for things doesn't just blur(模糊) the very real lines between pets and people; it can lead to dangerous delusions(错觉). What if a woman 27 having a baby won’t be much different from being a “dad” to a dog? “Pet parents” point out that they do everything 28 parents do---- feed, bathe, clean up, care for and love. 29 , all these actions form only part of the routines of true parenthood. One does not, and cannot, teach 30 and morality to cats and dogs, yet that’s the most important job of a parent. Having a child means preparing another mind and soul for adulthood and 31 . Having a pet means keeping an animal obedient and dependent so it never 32 the way a child eventually will. Pets and children serve different roles, 33 different places in the lives of humans. 34 these fundamental differences benefits neither creatures nor people. We call “pets” 35 loving them any less. So stopping calling your pets your “children”. 16. A. awful B. absurd C. artificial D. awkward 17. A. trend B. expense C. demand D. danger 18. A. anywhere B. somewhere C. everywhere D. nowhere 19. A. pick up B. wake up C. dress up D. feed up 20. A. satisfaction B. inspiration C. conflict D. concern 21. A. Yet B. So C. Because D. Then 22. A. barrier B. comparison C. connection D. difference 23. A. master B. interpret C. adopt D. understand 24. A. intention B. reflection C. definition D. expectation 25. A. literally B. incidentally C. cautiously D. originally 26. A. exist B. work C. matter D. spread 27. A. believe B. prefers C. proves D. dreams 28. A. able B. absent C. reliable D. real 29. A. Therefore B. Indeed C. Furthermore D. Otherwise 30. A. languages B. attitude C. skills D. character 31. A. confidence B. enthusiasm C. patience D. independence 32. A. leaves B. plays C. grows D. performs 33. A. shifting B. occupying C. providing D. reserving 34. A. Revealing B. Denying C. Removing D. Emphasizing 35. A. by B. for C. without D. except 解析：16.根据作者通篇的情感，作者对现在这种把动物当做人的行为是持反对态度的， 根据这个情感倾向，这里用 absurd，荒谬的来形容上文提到的小马坐在高脚椅子上吃东西这 件事情。故选 B。 17.往下看，根据下文可知，如今这种把小动物当做人一样去对待已经成为了一股潮流。 故选 A。 18.这里的意思是这样的例子到处可见，用 anywhere 的话意思是任何地方都是，表达的 意思过于强烈，BD 两个选项不符合句意排除，故选 C。 19. A 捡起，B 叫醒，C 打扮，D 喂养，根据下文，在万圣节的时候干的事情，应该是 去打扮他们的宠物，故选 C。 20.“这样的情况是否应该引起注意呢？”，cause concern 固定搭配，选 D。 21.回答上一段设问的问题，不我们不应该这样，因为动物终究不是人。Because 因为， 符合语境，选 C。 22.句意：现在在人和动物的不同上似乎有点混淆。Difference 不同，选 D。 23.A 精通，B 口译，C 采用，D 理解，人们在跟宝宝们交流的时候会采用一种父母式的 语言，选 C。 24.这种语言反映了宠物创造了无限快乐和宠物和自己建立的情感纽带 25.但是当你以取字面含义的方式去使用这些语言的时候，就应当另当别论了。 26.根据上一段所述，说的话是很重要的，matter 重要，选 C。 27.句意：这样的事情会给人们产生错觉。如果一个人信了做一个孩子的爸爸和做一只 狗的爸爸没有区别会怎么样呢？B 的更喜欢，C 的证明，D 的梦想，带入语境都不通顺，故 选 A。 28.这些宠物家长会做真实家长所做的所有事情。但是实际上，这些行为只是作为一个 家长的日常。一个人不可能给猫和狗培养性格、教它们道德，这些才是作为一个家长最重要 的事情。成为一个真正的家长意味着你准备好了做一个成年人并且去独自面对生活，而拥有 一个宠物只是使你有一个听你话依赖你并且不会离开的小东西。Real parents 真真切切的家 长，选 D。 29.见 48 解析，indeed 实际上，选 B。 30.见 48 解析，character 人的个性、性格，选 D。 31.见 48 解析，independence 对应 adulthood，选 D。 32.见 48 解析，一个宠物不会离你而去，leave 离开，选 A。 33.A 切换 B 占据 C 提供 D 保留，宠物和孩子在我们的生活中占据了不同的位置，occupy 占据，选 B。 34.根据作者上文陈述的现象，“否认这一差别”，deny 否认，选 B。 35.考查介词。句意：我们把宠物叫做宠物就行了，这样并不会使我们对它们的爱有丝 毫减少，without 符合语境，选 C。 答案：16. B 17. A 18. C 19. C 20. D 21. C 22. D 23.C 24. B 25. A 26. C 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. D 31. D 32. A 33. B 34. B 35. C 第三部分 阅读理解（共 15 小题：每小题 2 分，满分 30 分） 请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A London to Brighton Bike Ride The start The bike ride starts at Clapham Common tube station Ride carefully We put together as many facilities as possible to help ensure you have a trouble-free day. But we also rely on you to ride safely and with due consideration for other cyclists and road users. Although many roads are closed to oncoming traffic, this is not always the case and you should be aware of the possibility that there could be vehicles coming in the opposite direction. Please do not attempt reckless overtaking whilst riding---remember it is NOT a race. (1)_________ If you have an accident, ask a marshal for help; they are in contact with the support/emergency services. To call for help from our motorcycle marshals, give a ‘thumbs down’ signal. The marshal will do all he/she can to help, providing he/she is not already going to a more serious accident. If a motorcycle marshal slows down to help you, but you have just stopped for a rest and don’t need help, please give a ‘thumbs up’ signal and he/she will carry on. Remember---thumbs down means ‘I need help’. (2)____________ Refer to your route map and make your way to a Mechanics Point. Mechanical assistance is free when you show your Rider Identity Card; you just pay for the parts. Refreshment stops Look out for these along the route. Most are organized by voluntary clubs and their prices give you real value for money. They are also raising money for their local communities and the British Heart Foundation, so please give them your support. Rain or shine---be prepared In the event of very bad weather, watch out for signs to wet weather stations en route. Good waterproofs, like a cycle cape, are essential. Our first aid staff can only supply bin liners and by the time you get one you may be very wet. However, the English summer is unpredictable---it may also be hot, so don’t forget the sun protection cream as well! (3)_____________ We will try to pick up your bike for you on the day. Call Bike Events(01225310859) no more than two weeks after the ride to arrange collection. Sorry, we cannot guarantee this service nor can we accept liability for any loss or damage to your bike. Bike Events will hold your bike for three months, after which it may be disposed of. You will be charged for all costs incurred in returning your cycle. 36. Which of the following might be the correct order of the missing subtitles in the passage? a. In case of breakdown b. Attracting assistance c. If you have to drop out A. a-b-c B. b-c-a C. c-a-b D. b-a-c 解析：根据第一空框中第三行 call for help 和第四行 give a thumbs down signal 提示，应 填 Attracting assistance；根据第二空框中 Mechanical assistance is free when you show your Rider Identity Card 提示，应填 in case of breakdown“以防车坏了”；根据第三空框中的 we will try to pick up your bike for you“我们会尽量来接你和你的自行车”提示，这是对参与者 drop out“退出骑行”后的处理，故选 D。 答案：D 37. We can learn from the passage that__________. A. first aid staff can provide cycle capes B. some roads may have normal traffic flow on them C. refreshments are free to participants during the ride D. Bike Events won’t charge you for the return of your bike 解析：根据 Rain or shine---be prepared 框中第二行 Our first aid staff can only supply bin liners 提示，A 错；根据第一框 Ride carefully 中就有 the possibility that there could be vehicles coming 提示，与 B 中 may have normal traffic flow 同义替换，故选 B；根据 Refreshment stops 框中第二行 their prices give you real value for money 提示，C 错；根据最后一个框中最后一 句 You will be charged for all costs incurred in returning your cycle 提示，D 错。 答案：B B Anonymizing job applications to eliminate（消除）discrimination is not easy. “If you’ve got the grades, the skills and the determination, this government will ensure you can succeed,” declared the British prime minister, on October 26th, as he introduced plans to tackle discrimination in the workplace. Ten big employers in the public and private sectors—including the civil service, HSBC and Deloitte—have agreed to start recruiting（招募）on a “name-blind” basis in Britain; others may also follow suit. In such schemes, those drawing up shortlists of applicants cannot see their names, with the aim of reducing racial and sexual bias. But do they work? Several countries have experimented with name-blind applications. In 2010 Germany’s Anti-Discrimination Agency, an advisory body, sponsored a voluntary scheme to get businesses to try it. In France a law passed in 2006 made the anonymizing of applicants’ CVs compulsory for firms of over 50 employees. But the government was slow in laying down the conditions for how the law would operate, and only started performing it last year. In Sweden and the Netherlands there have been some trials. Discrimination against job applicants based on their names is well documented, particularly among ethnic minorities. An experiment in Germany found that candidates with German-sounding names were 14% more likely to be called for an interview than candidates with Turkish ones. A review of various studies, by the Institute for Study of Labour (IZA), a German outfit, found that anonymized job applications boost the chances of ethnic minority candidates being invited to an interview. A Sweden study found that it led to more ethnic-minority people being hired. However, the results from other trials are less clear. A second Swedish experiment found that only women, not immigrants, were boosted by anonymous recruitment. According to the IZA, experiments in the Netherlands showed no increase in the likelihood of ethnic-minority candidatesbeing offered a job if their CVs were seen anonymously, suggesting that discrimination had slid in at the interview stage. Ensuring that a candidate is completely anonymous is also tricky. A 2012 French study found that foreign-born candidates and those from poor districts were less likely to be called for interview when applications were anonymized. Its authors suggested that recruiters may have used other indicators, such as knowledge of Arabic, to identify race. In places suffering from religious tension, such as Northern Ireland, the name of a school can reveal a candidate’s faith, while a few years missing on a CV may suggest maternity leave（产假）, and thus that the candidate is female. Going name-blind when shortlisting candidates may be a sensible start, but it is likely to be just a small step towards ending hiring bias. 38. What can learn from the passage? A. In France, the government started the anonymized recruitment in 2006. B. In Germany, chances of ethnic-minority name-blind candidates being interviewed are slighter. C. In the Netherlands, the anonymous recruitment is more of a trick than an effective practice. D. In Sweden, not only women but also immigrants may well enjoy a higher recruitment rate. 解析：根据第三段最后一行 only started performing it last year 提示，2006 年并未真正开 始，A 不选；根据第四段倒数第二行 boost the chances of ethnic-minority candidates 可知，B 恰好意思相反，不选；根据第五段最后一行 ensuring that a candidate is completely anoymous is also trictly 与 C 中 more of a trick 同义替换，故选 C；根据第六段第二行 only women, not immigrants 可知，D 的 not only, but also 错误，不选。 答案：C 39. What does the underlined phrase “drawing up” in paragraph 2 mean? A. writing out B. taking in C. making up D. picking out 解析：根据 shortlist“入围名单”提示，应该是 writing out“写出的”，draw up 作为熟 词僻义有“起草，草拟”的意思。 答案：A 40. By writing the passage, the author tries to ______. A. inform readers of the idea of anonymizing job applications B. explain how anonymization in recruitment is operated C. discuss whether anonymization in job applications works D. promote the strategies of name-blind recruitment 解析：遇到写作目的题，我们可以用倒推法。A 的 inform 和 B 的 how is operated 也只 占了几行内容；C 中的 discuss whether works 契合全文内容以及作者态度，第一段就提出 eliminate discrimination is not easy，第二段提出疑问 do they work?接下来几段介绍 anoymising job application 在各国的应用情况，故选 C；根据结尾 but it is likely to be just a small step towards ending hiring bias 与 D 的 promote 不符，不选。 答案：C C SAN FRANCISCO---When you pull the headset over your eyes and the game begins, you are transported to a tiny room with white walls. Your task is to break out of the room, but you cannot use your hands. There is no joystick or game pad. You must use your thoughts. You turn toward a ball on the floor, and your brain sends a command to pick it up. With another thought, you send the ball crashing into a mirror, breaking the glass and revealing a few numbers on a wall. You mentally type those numbers into a large keypad by the door. And you are out. Designed by Neurable, a small startup founded by Ramses Alcaide, an electrical engineer and neuroscientist (神经科学家), the game offers what you might call a computer mouse for the mind, a way of selecting items in a virtual world with your thoughts. Combining a headset with virtual reality goggles and sensors that can read your brain waves, this prototype (样机) is a few years from the market. And it is limited in what it can do. You cannot select an object with your mind unless you first look in its direction, narrowing the number of items you may be considering. But it works. I recently played the game, which has the working title Awakening, when Alcaide and two Neurable employees passed through San Francisco, and a few hundred others tried it this month at the Siggraph computer graphics conference in Los Angeles. The prototype is among the earliest fruits of a widespread effort to embrace technology that was once science fiction---and in some ways still is. Driven by recent investments from the US government and by the herd mentality (从众心理) in the tech world, a number of startups and bigger companies like Facebook are working on ways to mentally control machines. They are also looking for smoother ways to use virtual reality technology. The increased interest in neurotechnology is partly a result of an effort the government administration started in 2013. The initiative helped create significant government financing for brain-interface companies and related work in academy. The Neurable prototype shows what is possible today. Using electroencephalography, or EEG---a means of measuring electrical brain activity that has been around for a decade---the company can provide simple ways of mentally interacting with a game. Some companies hope to go much further and want to build ways of performing nearly any computing task with the mind. Imagine a brain interface for rapidly typing on a smartphone. At Neurable, which is based in Boston, Alcaide and the member of his team are pushing the limits of EEG headsets. Although sensors can read electrical brain activity from outside the skull, it is very difficult to separate the signal from the noise. Using computer algorithms (算法) based on research that Alcaide originally published as a doctoral student at the University of Michigan, Neurable works to read activity with a speed and accuracy that is not usually possible.The algorithms learn from your behavior. Before playing the game, you train them to recognize when you are focusing your attention on an object. A pulse of light bounces around the virtual room, and each time it hits a small colored ball in front of you, you think about the ball. At that moment, when you focus on the light and it stimulates your brain, the system reads the electrical spikes of your brain activity. “Once we understand them, we can use them.” Alcaide expects. 41. Which of the following is TRUE about the design of the game? A. You can break the glass with a simple click of the mouse. B. You can select as many items around you as you like. C. The game has boosted the government revenues since its release. D. The game can’t work without sensors and virtual reality technology. 解析：考查筛选信息。定位第二段 With another thought, you sent the ball…breaking the glass，故排除 A。定位第四段 You cannot select an object with your mind unless…故排除 B。 选项 C 无中生有。定位第四段 Combining a headset with virtual reality goggles and sensors，故 选 D。 答案：D 42. What can be inferred from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 6? A. What was a fantasy is coming true with technology. B. Whatever efforts you make might not fruit success. C. Science fiction leads to the development of the prototype. D. The technology behind the prototype enjoys wide popularity. 解析：考查对句意的理解。propo 这个前缀是雏形，原形，整句话的意思是，这个雏形 机是将科幻片中场景带到现实的早期成果之一，言下之意是 a fantasy is coming true，可以看 出科技的发展使幻想成为现实，故选 A。 答案：A 43. What can we learn from the last paragraph? A. It’s not uncommon that we usually have different voices in mind. B. There’s still a long way to go before the game is fully matured. C. The Alcaide team focuses on limiting the usage of headsets. D. It’s impossible for Alcaide to read activities fast and accurately. 解析：根据最后一段 Although …it is very difficult to separate the signal from the noise.和 段义可见这个游戏尚未成熟，故选 B。 答案：B 44. What might be the best title of the passage? A. A game controlled with mind B. A machine leading to the future C. Neurable: king of tomorrow D. Neurology: a cutting-edge zone 解析：科学研究类首段是主旨，整篇文章主要介绍了这样一个由大脑控制的游戏，故选 A。 答案：A D Miss Martha, aged 40, kept a little bakery on the corner. Two or three times a week a customer came in in whom she began to take an interest. He spoke English with a strong German accent. His clothes were worn and darned in places, and wrinkled and baggy in others. But he looked neat, and had very good manners. 1. He always bought two loaves of stale bread. Fresh bread was five cents a loaf. Stale ones were two for five. Never did he call for anything but stale bread. Once Miss Martha saw a red and brown stain on his fingers. She was sure then that he was an artist and very poor. No doubt he lived in a attic painting pictures and ate stale bread. Often when Miss Martha sat down to her chops and light rolls and jam and tea she would sigh, and wish that the gentle-mannered artist might share her tasty meal instead of eating his dry bread. In order to test her theory as to his occupation, she brought from her room one day a painting that she had bought at a sale, and set it against the shelves behind the bread counter. Two days afterward the customer came in. "Two loafs of stale bread, if you please. "A fine picture, madam," he said while she was wrapping up the bread. "Yes?" says Miss Martha "I do admire art. You think it is a good picture?" "Der balance," said the customer, is not in good drawing. Then he took his bread, and hurried out. How and kindly his eyes shone behind his spectacles! To be able to judge perspective at a glance -- and to live on stale bread! But genius often has to struggle before it is recognized. She thought he began to look thinner. 2. Her heart ached to add something good to eat to his meagre purchase, but her courage failed at the act. She did not dare affront him. She knew the pride of artists. Miss Martha took to wearing her blue-dotted silk waist behind the counter. In the back room she cooked a mysterious compound of quince seeds and borax. One day the customer came in as usual, and called for his stale loaves. 3. While Miss Martha was reaching for them, a fire-engine came lumbering past. He hurried to the door to look, as any one will. Suddenly inspired, Miss Martha seized the opportunity. With a bread knife Miss Martha made a deep slash in each of the stale loaves, inserted a generous quantity of butter, and pressed the loaves tight again. When the customer turned once more she was tying the paper around them. When he had gone, after an unusually pleasant little chat, Miss Martha smiled to herself. For a long time that day her mind dwelt on the subject. She imagined the scene when he should discover her little deception. He would prepare for his luncheon of dry bread and water. He would slice into a loaf -- ah! Miss Martha blushed. Would he think of the hand that placed it there as he ate? Would he? The front door bell jangled viciously. Somebody was coming in, making a great deal of noise. Martha hurried to the front. Two men were there. One was a young man smoking a pipe -- a man she had never seen before. 4. The other was her artist. His face was very red, his hat was on the back of his head, his hair was wildly rumpled. He clinched his two fists and shook them ferociously at Miss Martha. At Miss Martha. "Dummkopf!" he shouted with extreme loudness; and then "Tausendonfer!" or something like it in German. Miss Martha leaned weakly against the shelves and laid one hand on her blue-dotted silk waist. The young man took the other by the collar. "Come on," he said, "you've said enough." He dragged the angry one out at the door to the sidewalk, and then came back. "Guess you ought to be told, ma'am," he said, "what the row is about. That's Blumberger. He's an architectural draftsman. I work in the same office with him. "He's been working hard for three months drawing a plan for a new city hall. It was a prize competition. He finished inking the lines yesterday. You know, a draftsman always makes his drawing in pencil first. When it's done he rubs out the pencil lines with handfuls of stale bread crumbs. That's better than India rubber. "Blumberger's been buying the bread here. Well, to-day -- well, you know, ma'am, that butter isn't -- well, Blumberger's plan isn't good for anything now except to cut up into railroad sandwiches." Miss Martha went into the back room. She took off the blue-dotted silk waist and put on the old brown serge she used to wear. Then she poured the quince seed and borax mixture out of the window into the ash can. 45. Why did the customer always buy two loaves of stale bread? A. Because he was to poor to afford better ones. B. Because the bread was more delicious and to his taste. C. Because the bread had a special usage for his work. D. Because he wanted to create chances to see Miss Martha. 解析：由 You know, a draftsman always makes his drawing in pencil first. When it's done he rubs out the pencil lines with handfuls of stale bread crumbs. That's better than India rubber.可知 答案。 答案：C 46. Which of the following can best describe Miss Martha? A. Sympathetic, dreamy and decisive B. Disciplined, ambitious and generous C. Proud, sensitive and conservative D. Practical, dependable and diligent 解析：根据第五段 wish that the gentle-mannered artist might share her tasty meal instead of eating his dry bread.可见她富有同情心，通读全文可知 Miss Martha 一直活在自己的幻想里， 她把握时机往面包里面加了黄油可见她很果断，故选 A。 答案：A 47. What does the “blue-dotted silk waist” symbolize? A. Miss Martha’s fine appreciation for art. B. Miss Martha’s affection for the customer. C. Miss Martha’s strong sense of ceremony. D. Miss Martha’s confidence in her baking skills 解析：暗恋这个建筑师，所以精心打扮自己，以吸引建筑师对自己的兴趣。所以，这个 说明 M 女士对建筑师的爱意。 答案：B 48. Which of the following sentences best forwards the plot? A. ① B. ② C. ③ D. ④ 解析：正是一辆消防车隆隆地驶过，使 Miss Martha 有机会往面包中加黄油引发了后面 的闹剧将小说推向高潮，故选 C。 答案：C 49. Which of following sentences indicates the change of Miss Martha’s feelings A. Curious→ excited→ lost→ relived. B. Curious→ hopeful→ frustrated → calm. C. Nervous→ delighted→ disappointed→ angry. D. Nervous→ satisfied→frightened→depressed. 解析：最初 Miss Martha 对这位绅士职业生活感到好奇，接着精心打扮，幻想自己和他 能有进一步的发展，放知道自己好心办坏事感到挫败，最后自己发现真相，回归平静，处理 罪证，故选 B。 答案：B 50. What message does the story convey? A. All is well that ends well. B. Love grows with obstacles C. Don’t count your chickens before they are hatched. D. Don’t measure other people’s corn by your own bushel. 解析：考查对文章内容和谚语的理解。Don’t measure other people’s corn by your own bushel.别用自己的斗去量别人的谷，勿以己度人。故选 D。 答案：D 第四部分 任务型阅读（共 10 小题：每小题 1 分，满分 10 分） 请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。 A living wall or a green wall is a garden that grows vertically rather than horizontally and can exist inside or outside the home. Any well-lit place inside your home makes a suitable environment. Indoor herb gardens are growing in popularity and thrive well in sunny kitchens. Any outside wall does as well. Green or living walls are beneficial to us in so many ways. I will discuss below, in simple terms, how these vertical gardens can protect your home and environment, save you energy and benefit your health. Pollutants exist all around us both outdoors and indoors. Toxic fumes(有毒气体)go into the air we breathe through our air systems and can cause what we commonly call “Sick Building Syndrome” Green or living walls can significantly clear up the toxins. While all plants absorb pollutants, there are certain plants that do so with much more efficiency. Even one plant can remove toxins from your home or building. However, the more plants are added, the more toxins are absorbed. The plantings prevent dramatic temperature variation, which then prevents the building from corrosion(腐蚀) that results from expanding and contracting during extreme temperatures. These plants act as a natural insulation, keeping air inside the buildings cooler in the summer months and warmer during the winter months. The manner in which these vertical gardens are constructed allows the building to breathe and protects the walls from wind, harmful UV rays and corrosive rain. Besides, living walls and green roofs help to provide a natural environment for birds and butterflies. Simply put, the plants on the building's exterior keep the building protected from the heat of the sun, thus keeping the building itself cooler so that less energy is employed when you are cooling the building. Interior green walls also greatly help to reduce energy use by helping to keep the interior cool. With each additional plant, energy consumption is reduced. Therefore, a room with hundreds of plants can see a temperature reduction of as much as 7℃. This is indeed significant! During the cold winter months these green walls have the opposite effect and act as insulation from bitter temperatures. The additional layer prevents heat from escaping, thus helping you to consume less gas or or oil. Plants offer instant stress relief by softening the environment around us. They reduce noise and pollution. Gardens have an instant calming effect. In workplaces plants have been exploited to increase productivity, in the home they increase peace. They ease stress and tiredness, and offer rich oxygen. Gardens are strategically placed in hospitals for their calming benefits, which can lead to a patient's shortened stay. Try doubling the health benefits by building an eatable living wall in your kitchen. Absolutely, these greens will relax you and purify the air you breathe. With so many benefits, why not build your own living wall? Living Walls: How They Can Improve Your Home and Your Health Brief introduction A green wall, where plants grow well if there is sufficient 51 , benefits your environment and health. Improving indoor air 52 As the air we breathe contains pollutants, choose the plants that can more 53 remove harmful pollutants. The more plants you grow, the 54 air you'll breathe. Protecting your building In addition to offering shelters for little birds and butterflies, green walls naturally act as 55 control to prevent your home from corrosion, which otherwise would damage your home. 56 energy Green walls protect your building from the heat of the sun in summer and the 57 in winter. Accordingly, they allow you to 58 your gas or oil consumption. Benefiting health Plants make people 59 stressed and calmer, making the staff more productive and patients' recovery time 60 . 解析：51.根据第一段第三行 Indoor herb gardens are growing in popularity and thrive well in sunny kitchens. Any outside wall does as well.提示 sunny kitchen 转换为 sunshine 或用 light。 52.根据题目意思推断以及后面框中的意思总结概括，improve 提示用 quality 或 condition。 53.根据第二段第四行 with much more efficiency 提示，题目中 more_________ remove harmful pollutants 可知 efficiency 应词性转换为副词形式 efficiently。 54.根据题目意思推断，the more plants you grow 那么空气就会更干净、更好、更清新， 用 cleaner 或 better 或 fresher。 55.根据第三段开头提示 the plantings prevents dramatic temperature variations，该空是对 后面第三行 act as a natural insulation, keeping air inside the building cooler in the summer months and warmer during the winter months 的总结，使大楼冬暖夏凉那应该是控制了温度， 用 temperature。 56.总结后面框中的内容，根据第四段第四行 energy consumption is reduced 提示这里是 节省能源，用 save 或 conserve。开头大写，对照前面格式用 doing 形式。 57.根据第四段第五行 cold winter 提示，形容词转换为名词，用 cold 或 coldness。 58.根据第四段倒数第二行 consume less gas or oil 提示，用 lower 或 reduce 或 decrease 或 lessen。 59.根据第五段第三行 ease stress and tiedness 以及题目 make people __________ stressed 提示，用 less。 60.根据第五段第五行 lead to a patient’s shortened stay 以及题目 make patient’s recovery time _________提示，用 shortened，也可以直接用形容词比较级 shorter。 答案：51. light/sunshine 52. quality / condition 53. efficiently 54. cleaner / better / fresher 55. temperature 56. Saving / Conserving 57. coldness / cold 58. lower/reduce / decrease / lessen 59. less 60. shorter / shortened 第五部分 书面表达（满分 25 分） 61.请认真阅读下面有关“不同年龄达到不同能力巅峰”的研究结果，并根据要求用英 语写一篇 150 字左右的文章。 “At almost any given age, most of us are getting better at some things and worse at others,” Joshua Hartshorne, an MIT cognitive science researcher and the lead author of a study looking at how intelligence changes as we age, told Business Insider. The team behind that study quizzed thousands of people aged 1090 on their ability to do things like remembering lists of words, recognizing faces. Their results suggest that no matter what your age, there’s almost always a new peak on the horizon. 写作内容： 1.用约 30 个单词概述图表和上文的主要内容； 2.用约 120 个单词发表你的观点，内容包括： （1）谈谈“不同年龄达到不同能力巅峰”这一研究发现的意义（至少两点）； （2）结合自身实际，说明如何在现阶段把握你的优势。 写作要求： （1）须表明个人观点，同时提供理由或依据； （2）阐述观点或提供论据时，不得直接引用原文中的句子； （3）文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称； （4）不必写标题。 评分标准：内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 解析：略。 答案： One possible version A research, which involves thousands of subjects aged 10-90, reveals that people reach different capacity peaks at different ages with teenagers blessed with good memories and the elderly possessing a large vocabulary. (32 words) The remarkable findings of the research are extremely beneficial. To begin with, clearly understanding their own strengths, people of different ages can develop their potential to the fullest. For instance, middle-aged adults have the greatest capacity to stay focused and work out arithematic problems. Furthermore, the findings will boost confidence of the aged, who find their ability in vocabulary reaching a new high. As a teenager, I shall make the most of my memory peak to gain an edge over others. Skills like critical thinking and analysis can only develop on the basis of factual knowledge. Therefore, I’ll spare no effort to expose myself to books and memorize as much as possible. Hopefully, my memory peak will lay a solid foundation for my overall growth. (123 words)