【英语】2019届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解精选：（10）七选五2 14页

七选五2‎ ‎1、Building Trust in a Relationship Again ‎    Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences,①__________.Trust is a risk. But you can’t be successful when there’s a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.     Unfortunately, we’ve all been victims of betrayal. Whether we’ve been stolen from, lied to , misled, or cheated on, there are different levels of losing trust. Sometimes people simply can’t trust anymore,②__________. It’s understandable, but if you’re willing to build trust in a relationship again, we have some steps you can take to get you there.     ●③__________Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being.     ●④__________If you’ve been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance. But there’s a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”. At some point in all of our lives, we’ll have our trust tested or violated.     ● You didn’t lose “everything”. Once trust is lost, what is left? Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life.⑤__________instead, it’s a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness. A.Learn to really trust yourself. B.It is putting confidence in someone. C.Stop regarding yourself as the victim. D.Remember that you can expect the best in return. E.They’ve been too badly hurt and they can’t bear to let it happen again. F.This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships. G.Seeing the positive side of things doesn’t mean you’re ignoring what happened.‎ ‎2、根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ Evaluating Sources(来源) of Health Information ‎    Making good choices about your own health requires reasonable evaluation. A key first step in bettering your evaluation ability is to look carefully at your sources of health information. Reasonable evaluation includes knowing where and how to find relevant information,how to separate fact from opinion,how to recognize poor reasoning, and how to analyze information and the reliability of sources. ①__________‎ ‎    Go to the original source. Media reports often simplify the results of medical research. Find out for yourself what a study really reported, and determine whether it was based on good science. Think about the type of study. ②__________‎ ‎    Watch for misleading language. Some studies will find that a behavior “contributes to" or is " associated with" an outcome; this does not mean that a certain course must lead to a certain result. ③__________ Carefully read or listen to information in order to fully understand it.‎ ‎    Use your common sense. If a report seems too good to be true, probably it is. Be especially careful of information contained in advertisements. ④__________ Evaluate “scientific” statements carefully,and be aware of quackery(江湖骗术).‎ ‎    ⑤__________ Friends and family members can be a great source of ideas and inspiration, but each of us needs to find a healthy lifestyle that works for us.‎ ‎    Developing the ability to evaluate reasonably and independently about health problems will serve you well throughout your life.‎ A.Make choices that are right for you.‎ B.The goal of an ad is to sell you something.‎ C.Be sure to work through the critical questions.‎ D.And examine the findings of the original research.‎ E.Distinguish between research reports and public health advice.‎ F.Be aware that information may also be incorrectly explained by an author’s point of view.‎ G.The following suggestions can help you sort through the health information you receive from common sources.‎ ‎3、根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ ‎    Many people think of guys as being carefree when it comes to their appearance. But in fact, a lot of guys spend plenty of time in front of the mirror. They care just as much as girls do about their body image.‎ ‎    Body image is a person’s opinions and feelings about his or her own body and physical appearance.①__________ You appreciate your body for its capabilities and accept its imperfections.②__________ Here are some ideas.‎ Recognize your strengths.‎ ‎    Different body types are good for different things. What does your body do well? Maybe your speed, strength, or coordination makes you better than others at a certain sport. That may be basketball, table tennis, mountain biking, dancing, or even running. Or perhaps you have non-sports skills, like drawing, painting, singing, playing a musical instrument, writing, or acting.③__________‎ Exercise regularly.‎ ‎    Exercise can help you look well and feel good about yourself. Good physiques (体形) don’t just happen.④__________ A healthy habit can be as simple as exercising 20 minutes to 1 hour three days a week. Working out can also lift your spirits.‎ Respect your body.‎ ‎    Practicing good habits-regular showering; taking care of your teeth, hair, and skin; wearing clean clothes, and so on—can help you build a positive body image.‎ ‎    ⑤__________‎ ‎    Your body is just one part of who you are. Your talent for comedy a quick wit (智慧), and all the other things make you unique. So try not to let small imperfections take over.‎ A. Be yourself.‎ B. Just explore talents that you feel good about.‎ C. So, what can you do to develop a positive body image?‎ D. Use this as an opportunity to discover what you’re good at.‎ E. The good news is that self-image and body image can be changed.‎ F. They take hard work, regular workouts, and a healthy diet.‎ G. Having a positive body image means feeling satisfied with the way you look.‎ ‎4、根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ Sleep is vital to your physical and mental health. However，how can you tell whether you’re truly sleeping well? It can be hard to measure your sleep patterns against those of the people around you. ①________‎ ‎1.Stick to a sleep schedule.‎ Set aside no more than eight hours for sleep. The recommended amount of sleep for a healthy adult is at least seven hours. ②________ Go to bed and get up at the same time every day. Try to limit the difference in your sleep schedule on weeknights and weekends to no more than one hour.‎ ‎2.Pay attention to what you eat and drink.‎ Don’t go to bed hungry or too full. In particular，avoid heavy or large meals within a couple of hours of bedtime. Your discomfort might keep you up. ③________ The stimulating effects of nicotine and caffeine take hours to disappear and can influence quality sleep. And even though alcohol might make you feel sleepy, it can disturb sleep later in the night. ‎ ‎3. ④________‎ Create a room that's ideal for sleeping. Often， this means cool, dark and quiet. Exposure to light might make it more challenging to fall asleep. Avoid prolonged use of light-emitting screens just before bedtime. Doing calming activities before bedtime， such as taking a bath or using relaxation techniques, might promote better sleep.‎ ‎4.Limit daytime naps.‎ ‎⑤________ If you choose to nap, limit yourself to up to 30 minutes and avoid doing so late in the day. If you work nights, however, you might need to nap late in the day before work to help make up your sleep debt.‎ A.Create a restful environment.‎ B.Adjust yourself to the environment.‎ C.Nicotine，caffeine and alcohol deserve caution， too,‎ D.Long daytime naps can interfere with nighttime sleep.‎ E.What you eat and drink has an important role in your health.‎ F.Most people don’t need more than eight hours in bed to achieve this goal.‎ G.If you have trouble in sleeping well, you can adopt some habits that encourage better sleep.‎ ‎5、根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入横线处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余选。‎ ‎    As a child grows up,you may wonder how you can teach him to become a respectful adult. ①__________A child who learns to respect not only learns to receive respect from others,but also learn to respect himself.‎ ‎●Show him respect.‎ ‎    This is the best way to teach your child how to respect others.Listen to your child attentively and he will learn to listen to you,understanding how important this is in communication.‎ ‎●②__________‎ ‎    The more you say “please” and “thank you” to your child,the more likely he will learn to use them.Politeness then becomes a normal part of any conversation.‎ ‎●Agree to disagree.‎ ‎    ③__________Explain your decision so that he will understand you and expect respectful responses.Disagreeing with you doesn't necessarily mean disobedience (不顺从).‎ ‎●Control your impulse to overreact.(过分反应)‎ ‎    When a situation arises(出现),stay calm and keep in mind that you are supposed to be modeling correct behavior. ④__________‎ ‎●Praise,praise,praise ‎    So much is focused on what a child does wrong and how to correct it that his accomplishments (成绩) are not celebrated enough. ⑤__________‎ A.Teach manners by using polite requests and responses.‎ B.Try to remember that a child won't always agree with you.‎ C.Respect is necessary for a meaningful and successful life.‎ D.If he sees you lose your temper,he is more likely to respond that way in future.‎ E.A child may act as he pleases,and he will live a happy life.‎ F.Seeing a child exhibit respectful behavior,make sure he knows how proud you are of him.‎ G.Respectful behavior is always accompanied by bad behavior as a child.‎ ‎6、Why you shouldn’t punish your kids for lying Getting your children to stop lying is challenging. There are many influences (TV, movies, video games and some great books) in which lies are common. Children see parents lie to others, if only to be polite. Most parents add to that with tales about the lives and activities of Santa Claus or the Tooth Fairy, or to lessen fears. ①__________ The most common reactions to children who lie are explaining why it is wrong and punishment. ②__________ Here are three better tools supported by research to use instead.‎ PRAISE: You could ask your child to say something that happened at school that is true. When your child obeys, praise him enthusiastically. Be specific: ③__________ and give your child a hug or a high five. Aim for one or two interactions (互动) like this a day. If you happen to “catch” your child in a lie, say something like, “That is not true and could get you in trouble outside of the home.”‎ MODEL: Explicitly tell the truth. This could be about something that happened when you were a child or something that happened during the day. It need not be dramatic. Another option is to play a game at dinner. Each person tells one thing that was true that day. Again, give a little praise to the child who normally lies if she plays along.DECREASE PUNISHMENT AND MORALIZING: They are unlikely to change behavior or develop the conduct you want. ④__________ Rather, use very mild punishment (light scolding, short loss of privilege, a brief time-out). More severe punishments (shouting, taking away something for a week, hitting) are not more effective in actually changing the frequency of lying.‎ ‎⑤__________ Usually they can be dropped by then. It is unlikely that lying will be completely removed, but with the right encouragement, k can be dramatically lessened. ‎ A. It is not what that is, but about practice.‎ B. As ways of changing behavior, these are ineffective.‎ C. That does not mean ignoring, lying or letting it go.‎ D. “That was great! You told me what happened just like I asked. Wow!”‎ E. Try these procedures for two to three weeks and see where you are.‎ F. “You did a good job, but what you said was not what I’d like to know!”‎ G. Parents do this out of love, but for some children, lying can become a problem.‎ ‎7、根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。其中有两项为多余选项。‎ Easy Ways to Keep Your Brain Sharp ‎ ‎    Everyone is forgetful, but as we age, we start to feel like our brains are slowing down a bit—and that can be a very annoying thing. ①        Read on for some tips worth trying.‎ ‎    1. ②        ‎ ‎    People who regularly made plans and looked forward to upcoming events had a 50 percent reduced chance of Alzheimer’s disease(早老性痴呆症),according to a recent study. ③        Something as simple as setting a goal to have a weekly coffee date with a friend will do. There’s evidence that people who have a purpose in life or who are working on long or short-term goals appear to do better. In other words, keep your brain looking forward.‎ ‎    2. Go for a walk ‎    Mildly raised glucose(葡萄糖) levels can harm the area of the brain that helps you form memories and physical activity can help get blood glucose down to normal levels. In fact, exercise produces chemicals that are good for your brain. ④           ‎ ‎    3. Learn something new.‎ ‎    Take a Spanish class online, join a drawing club, or learn to play cards. A study found that mental stimulation(刺激) limits the weakening effects of aging on memory and the mind. But the best thing for your brain is when you learn something new and are physically active at the same time. ⑤        or go dancing with your friends.‎ A. Focus on the future.‎ B. This can be especially harmful to the aged.‎ C. It should be something like learning gardening.‎ D. So take a few minutes each day to do some reading.‎ E. But don’t worry if your schedule isn’t filled with life-changing events.‎ F. Luckily, research shows there is a lot you can do to avoid those moments.‎ ‎8、根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ ‎    The U.S. government s top education official wants schools to do a better job teaching students whose first language is not English. ①__________ That is because one in every 10 U.S. students from kindergarten to 12th grade are English learners. Most English learners come from a country where they speak another language, or have parents from a non-English-speaking country.‎ ‎    ②__________ That's what the U. S. Education Secretary John King said. He noted Spanish-speaking students are graduating from high school and attending college at higher rates than ever before."But in too many places across the country, English learners get less access to good teachers, less access to good coursework,and less access to what they need to get success," King said.‎ ‎    Two recent studies found English learners do better if they attend classes that use both English and the students’ native language. Kelly Gonez is a policy adviser at the Department of Education. She said such programs are still not offered by most schools teaching English learners.‎ ‎    ③__________Gonez said some school districts are hiring teachers from Spain and China. They are trying to make up for a lack of teachers in the United States who can offer teaching in two languages. ④__________ In New York City,for example,the city’s Department of Education says its students speak a total of 180 different languages. About sixty percent are Spanish speakers, and another 14 percent are Chinese speakers.‎ ‎    ⑤__________ But she said schools can get textbooks in many more languages than just Spanish and Chinese.‎ A. It is very important.‎ B. Many languages are spoken in the U.S.‎ C. There has been some progress in recent years.‎ D. Spanish-speaking students are good at studying.‎ E. But such programs are not always easy to set up.‎ F. Gonez said that it may be hard to find such teachers.‎ G. One problem is finding enough teachers who can do that.‎ G. In other words, when you take care of your body, you take care of your brain. ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 答案以及解析 ‎1答案及解析：‎ 答案：B; E; A; C; G 解析：1. B根据上句“信任是我们从过去的经历中获得的一种习得的行为”和下句“信任是一种冒险”可知,此空选B,本句是对第一句话的进一步解释:“信任是信赖某人”。‎ ‎2. E上句“有时,人们压根儿就无法再信任(别人)了".下句“这是可以理解的……”,由此可推测本句应是解释人们无法信任别人的原因。故选E。‎ ‎3. A由下文的“对自己有信心能帮助你做出更好的选择”可知,空处应是“学会真正信任自己”,故选A。‎ ‎4. C由空后第一句“如果你曾经被背叛过,你就是你的境遇的受害者”可知，此处应选C,即不要认为自己是个受害者。‎ ‎5. G副词“Instead”表示转折。根据语境可推测这里应是“看到事物积极的一面并不意味着你无视已经发生的事”。故选G。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2答案及解析：‎ 答案：G; D; F; B; A 解析：试题分析:本文讲的是评估健康信息来源的建议。‎ ‎①根据下面及段中的第一句Go to the original source. 和Watch for misleading language.和Use your common sense.可知这些都是一些评估健康信息来源的建议。故G项符合上下文串联。‎ ‎②本段表示要找到信息最初的来源。要自己去找到原来真正报道的内容,要确认是通过很严肃的方法得到的确定的信息。故D项符合上下文串联。‎ ‎③本段的标题是:注意误导性的语言。有些研究发现某些行为与某种结果有关。那么作为读者我们要知道有些信息也许是错误的解释了,所以我们要细心阅读以求充分理解。故F项符合语境。‎ ‎④根据前面一句Be especially careful of information contained in advertisements.可知要我们特别注意广告里包含的信息,因为广告里的信息是为了向我们出售一些内容,所以广告的信息很可能是不准确的。所以要当心江湖骗术。故B项符合语境根 ‎⑤据下面两句可知朋友和家人可能是激励信息的主要来源,但是每个人都要找到一个起作用的健康的生活方式。也就是说要为自己选择合适的信息来源。故A正确。‎ ‎【名师点睛】七选五阅读题,有部分题出现在每一段的开始位置,若问题在段首 ‎ 1.通常是段落主题句。认真阅读该段落,根据段落一致性原则,查找相关词或者同义词,从而推测出主题句,找到答案。 2.与后文是并列、转折、因果关系等。着重阅读后文第一两句,锁定线索信号词,然后在选项中查找相关特征词。一般来说正确答案与它后面的一句话的在意思上是衔接的,所以通常情况下,这两句话中会有某种的衔接手段。3.段落间的过渡句。这时要前瞻后望找到启示,即阅读上一段结尾部分,通常正确答案与上一段结尾有机地衔接起来,并结合下一段内容,看所选的答案是否将两段内容连贯起来。比如第40小题,F根据下面两句可知朋友和家人可能是激励信息的主要来源,但是每个人都要找到一个起作用的健康的生活方式。也就是说要为自己选择合适的信息来源。故A正确。考点:考查信息匹配 ‎ ‎ ‎3答案及解析：‎ 答案：G; C; B; F; A 解析：【1题详解】G 考查对上下文语境的理解。空前的意思是:身体形象是一个人看待自己的身体和面貌特征的看法和想法。空后的意思是:你欣赏你体型的能力和不足。所以这里选G(好的形象意味着我们对于自己的长相是很满意的。)与上下文一致。 ‎ ‎【2题详解】C 考查对上下文语境的理解。空后的意思是:这儿是一些观点。所以这里选C(为了发展一个健康的形象你可以做什么。)与上下文一致。 ‎ ‎【3题详解】B考查对上下文语境的理解。空前的意思是:或许你没有运动技巧,像画画,唱歌,玩乐器,写作或者表演。所以这里选B(就探索你感觉好的天赋。)与上下文一致。 ‎ ‎【4题详解】E考查对上下文语境的理解。空前的意思是:好的身材不会凭空就会有。空后的意思是:健康的习惯是像一周三天二十分钟到一个小时的锻炼时间这样简单。所以这里选E(他们努力工作,有规律的锻炼有一个健康的饮食。)与上下文一致。 ‎ ‎【5题详解】A考查对上下文语境的理解。空后的意思是:你的身体就像你自己的一部分。所以这里选A ‎ ‎ ‎4答案及解析：‎ 答案：1-5:GFCAD 解析：‎ ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些能帮助人们获得更高质量睡眠的好习惯。‎ ‎1.G ‎【解题思路】根据下文描述可知,下文主要介绍了帮助人们睡得更好的几 种习惯；G项“如果你有睡眠问题，你可以养成一些能帮助自己睡得更好的习惯”引 出下文，符合语境。故选G。‎ ‎2.F ‎【解题思路】空格前提到，每天抽出不超过八个小时的时间睡觉，健康的成人每天至少要睡七个小时；F 项“要想睡得更好，大多数人的睡眠时间不需要超过八个小时”承接上文.符合语境。故选F。‎ ‎3.C ‎【解题思路】空格前提到，太饱或太饿都会影响睡眠； 空格后提到，尼古丁和咖啡因造成的影响需要数个小时才会消失并且会影响睡眠质量; C项“还需要当心尼古丁、咖啡因和酒精”承上后下，与上下文衔接紧密，符合语境。故选C。‎ ‎4.A ‎【解题思路】空格处是本段的小标题。通读本段可知，本段主要讲述了要为自己创造一个理想的、令人放松的睡眠环境。A项“创造一个令人放松的环境” 体现了本段的主旨，适合做小标题。故选A。‎ ‎5.D ‎【解题思路】根据该段小标题吋知，本段主要介绍了要限制白天小睡的时间。空格后提到，如果想小睡一会儿的话，睡眠时间要限制在30分钟内；D项“白天小睡的时间过长会影响夜间的睡眠”说明了空格后的做法的原因，与下文衔接紧密，符合语境。故选D。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎5答案及解析：‎ 答案：C; A; B; D; F 解析：‎ ‎【语篇解读】在孩子的成长过程中,家长应该教孩子学会尊重——不仅要学会尊重别人,也要学会尊重自己。本文就此给出了几点建议。‎ ‎1. C 根据本段第一句可知本段提出家长要教孩子学会尊重,因此该空所填内容应该指出尊重的重要性,故选C项。‎ ‎2. A 根据本段中的关键词please和thank you等可知,本段是关于礼貌的,因此选A项。‎ ‎3. B 第三条建议是Agree to disagree“接受不赞同”,据此可知B项“一定记住孩子不会一直赞同你”符合题意。‎ ‎4. F 第四条建议的标题告诉家长要控制自己的冲动,避免反应过度,故选F项。‎ ‎5.G 根据该空前一句可知,家长不要总是看到孩子的不足,要看到孩子那些好的行为,所以此处是指应该让孩子知道你为他尊重他人的行为感到骄傲。故选G项。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎6答案及解析：‎ 答案：G ; B ; D ; C ; E ‎ 解析：‎ ‎1.根据文章第一段第一句 Getting your children to stop lying is challenging. 可知,要使得你的孩子停止撒谎是具有挑战性的。再根据上文 Most parents add to that with tales about the lives and activities of Santa Claus or the Tooth Fairy to lessen fears. 可知,大多数家长还会讲述圣诞老人或牙仙子的生活和活动,来减轻孩子们的恐惧。因为圣诞老人或牙仙子的故事是虚构的,即相当于父母在对孩子“撒谎”,但父母这样做是为了在孩子感到害怕时安抚孩子,减轻孩子的恐惧。G项意为“父母这样做是出于爱,但对一些孩子来说,说谎可能会成为一个问题”,承接上文,符合语境。故正确答案为G。‎ ‎2. 根据上文 The most common reactions to children who lie are explaining why it is wrong and punishment. 可知,对于撒谎的孩子,最常见的反应是解释为什么撒谎是错误的以及(施加)惩罚。再根据下文 Here are three better tools supported by research to use instead. 可知,以下是通过研究得出的支持使用的三种更好的方法。B项意为“作为改变行为的方式,这些都是无效的”,承上启下,符合语境。故正确答案为B。‎ ‎3. 根据上文 When your child obeys, praise him enthusiastically. 可知,当你的孩子听话时,要热情地表扬他。D项意为“这真是太棒了!你按我所问的告诉我发生了什么事。哇!”,承接上文,符合语境。故正确答案为D。‎ ‎4. 根据上文 They are unlikely to change behavior or develop the conduct you want. 可知,他们不太可能改变自己的举止或培养出你想要的行为。再根据下文中的 Rather 可知,此处为一个转折。C项意为“这并不意味着忽视、撒谎或放手”,承上启下,符合语境。故正确答案为C。‎ ‎5. 根据文章最后一段最后一句 It is unlikely that lying will be completely removed, but with the right encouragement, kids can be dramatically lessened.‎ ‎ 可知,谎言不太可能被完全消除,但是在适当的鼓励下,孩子们的谎言会大大减少。E项意为“试着用这些方法两到三周,看看效果如何”,引出下文,符合语境。故正确答案为E。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎7答案及解析：‎ 答案： F; A; E; G; C 解析： 本文是说明文。如何保持大脑的灵活性,本文给出若干简单易学的方法,其中包括着眼未来、散步以及学习新知识等。‎ ‎1.细节过渡题。上文提出大脑存在的问题,但是幸运的是,研究表明,你可以做一些事情避免这种情况的发生。‎ ‎2. 主旨大意题。此空是下段的小标题,根据下文中的“...keep your brain looking forward. ”可以推知,该段主旨大意是着眼未来。‎ ‎3.逻辑关系题。上文提到经常作计划,并着眼未来事务的人患老年痴呆症的几率要少50%,但是即便你的日程里没那么多改变生活的重大事件也不用担心,因为制定一个每周和朋友喝一次咖啡的这样一个简单目标也能实现同样的效果。‎ ‎4. 段落结论题。根据上文中的“In fact,exercise produces chemicals that are good for your brain. ”可以推知,照顾好身体,也就照顾好了大脑。‎ ‎5. 文章结构题。上文提到对大脑有好处的活动,再联系下文与空格平行的句子可以推知,此处指:应该是像学习园艺或者与朋友一起跳舞之类的活动。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎8答案及解析：‎ 答案：A; C; G; E; F 解析：‎ 在美国,很多学生的第一语言并不是英语,如果既用英语又用他们的母语给他们上课,可以提高他们的学习成绩。‎ ‎1. A 根据第一段的“That is because one in every 10 U.S. students from kindergarten to 12th grade are English learners.”可知,这样做很重要。‎ ‎2. C 根据第二段的“He noted Spanish-speaking students are graduating from high school and attending college at higher rates than ever before.”可知,在这方面取得了一定的进步。‎ ‎3.G 根据第三段的“She said such programs are still not offered by most schools teaching English learners.”可知应选G,G项的内容是在解释原因。‎ ‎4. K 根据此空后面的“In New York City, for example, the city’s Department of Education says its students speak a total of 180 different languages.”可知,这样的项目不容易建立。‎ ‎5. F 根据下文的“But she said schools can get textbooks in many more languages than just Spanish and Chinese.”可知前后是转折关系,应选F。‎ ‎ ‎