北京市平谷区2020届高三一模英语试题 23页

平谷区 2019-2020 学年度第二学期高三年级质量监控 英语试卷 第一部分知识运用（共两节，满分 45 分） 第一节语法填空(共 10 小题; 每小题 1.5 分,共 15 分) A 阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词,在给出提示 词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 This year the World Cup has been played across different ___1___(city), and Team China had training sessions even on traveling days when some participating teams chose to rest up after a tiring flight. When the team struggled, Captain Zhu Ting was always there, doing whatever was needed ___2___(carry) the team forward. That’s why she has become a national volleyball icon(偶像), just like “Iron Hammer” Lang. Never giving up, especially in a difficult situation, that’s ___3___ the spirit of Chinese women’s volleyball means. 【答案】1. cities 2. to carry 3. what 【解析】 本文是一篇新闻报道，中国女子排球队在旅游日还在训练，在球队拼搏时，队长朱婷总是和 队员们在一起，永不放弃是中国女排精神所在。 【1 题详解】 考查名词。句意：今年，世界杯在不同城市举行比赛。根据 the World Cup has been played across different 得知世界杯在不同城市举行比赛。形容词 different 修饰名词复数。故填 cities 。 【2 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：队长朱婷做她能做的为了带球队前进，表示目的用动词不定式。故 填 to carry 。 【3 题详解】 考查表语从句。句意：永不放弃，尤其是在逆境中。这是中国女排精神的含义。be 动词后是 表语从句，从句动词 means 缺少宾语，且指物。故填 what。 B 阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词,在给出提示 词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The railway line ___4___(connect) Beijing and Zhangjiakou, the co-host city of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics, is the world's first intelligent, high-speed railway. It ___5___(go)into operation on Dec 30, 2019. The railway is 174 km long, with a maximum design speed of 350 kph. It reduces the travel time between Beijing and Zhangjiakou from over three hours to 47 minutes. The train is designed with an area to store snowboards, a device to secure wheelchairs and a mobile news center ___6___ passengers can watch live Olympic broadcasts. 【答案】4. connecting 5. went 6. where 【解析】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了连接北京与 2022 年冬奥会合办城市张家口的高速铁路 。 【4 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：连接北京和张家口的铁路线是世界上第一个智能高铁。谓语动词是 is，连接和谓语动词之间没有连词，要用非谓语动词，主语是铁路线和连接是主动关系，用现 在分词。故填 connecting 。 【5 题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：2019 年 12 月 30 日它投入运行。on Dec 30, 2019.提示是过去时态。故填 went。 【6 题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：火车上设计有存放滑雪板的区域，一个确保轮椅安置和移动新闻中心， 在那里乘客可以看奥林匹克直播，先行词是 a mobile news center，在定语从句中做地点状语。 故填 where。 C 阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词,在给出提示 词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The “Twenty-four Solar terms” is the Chinese ___7___(tradition)way of dividing and marking time. It shows the relationship between the universe, seasons, climate and agriculture, which is uniquely created ___8___Chinese ancestors. The Twenty-four Solar Terms are important instructions for the agricultural production as well as people's daily lives. At the initial stage of agricultural development, people began to explore rules of nature and used ___9___(they)to guide sowing, harvesting and other agricultural activities. Until now, it ___10___(become) an essential tool to guide the agricultural production in China. And its charm and value have been increasingly recognized by the public. 【答案】7. traditional 8. by 9. them 10. has become/becomes 【解析】 本文是说明文。介绍了中国划分时间 传统方式“二十四节气”. 【7 题详解】 考查形容词。句意：二十四节气是中国传统的划分时间的方法。形容词修饰名词，方法是名 词，故填 traditional。 【8 题详解】 考查介词。句意：它表示宇宙、季节、气候和农业的关系，它被中国祖先创造。表示被动用 be 动词加过去分词+by，故填 by。 【9 题详解】 考查代词。句意：人们开始探索自然的规律并使用它们来引导播种、收获或其他农业活动。 动词后用宾格代词。故填 them。 【10 题详解】 考查时态。句意：直到现在，它已经成为了引导中国农业生产重要的工具。until now 可以理 解为现在之前用现在完成时或当前的状态用一般现在时。故填 has become/becomes。 第二节完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 30 分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳 选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Never Say Quit In my twenty-five years of coaching, I encountered many extraordinary athletes. Yet the athlete who made the greatest impression on me wasn't one of those promising young men, but Bobby Colson. Early in the season, Bobby, who looked heavy but strong, ___11___ me in the school hallway. He told me he was eager to join in our track team and believed he could make an important ___12___. I 的 was deeply___13___by his presentation and self-confidence. Given his physique, the logical role for Bobby was that of a "weight man”. So he did his best in trying discus(铁饼), shot pot…, only to find out these events were not ___14___ for him at all. So Bobby intended to try another more difficult event: two-mile race. I admired Bobby's ___15___, but to myself, I questioned whether the two-mile race was a good choice. Yet Bobby was ___16___ and for the following weeks, he painfully but___17___ struggled through his workouts. Three months later, the two-mile race was well underway. While all the other runners had already finished, Bobby ___18___ had three laps to go. As Bobby completed his last two of his ___19___ laps, several boys from the other teams started making fun of him and ___20___ at him to get off the track. Bobby was crying noticeably but kept going. At this moment, our team members noticed and went to ___21___ Bobby on. On the last lap, all our athletes stood up to cheer Bobby on. Imagine a moving sight: Our whole team lined up ___22___ the track, clapping and cheering for Bobby as tears ___23___down his face. After that, Bobby put in effort to support his teammates. He went from event to event ___24___ his teammates. When one of our athletes took a first place, Bobby was even more excited than the winner. Every teammate ___25___him very much and felt lucky to have him in the team. Bobby had been right when he told me he felt he could make a significant contribution. He had joined a good team and made it into a great ___26___.Since then, I've seen many top athletes ___27___ the track when they knew they weren't going to win a race. Bobby, on the contrary, never once ___28___ leaving that two-mile race. Once he___29___, quitting was not an option. His example helped us all to understand that talent is God given, and those who have it should be thankful, but the spirit of ___30___ is self-given, and we should value it. 11. A. waved B. informed C. limited D. stopped 12. A. appearance B. promise C. contribution D. influence 13. A. impressed B. frightened C. puzzled D. embarrassed 14. A. satisfactory B. challenging C. suitable D. attractive 15. A. enthusiasm B. generosity C. achievement D. cooperation 16. A. worried B. confused C. determined D. hesitated 17. A. cautiously B. proudly C. secretly D. diligently 18. A. still B. already C. ever D. rather 19. A. spare B. remaining C. extra D. additional 20. A. crying B. throwing C. shouting D. criticizing 21. A. pull B. assist C. drive D. urge 22. A. over B. around C. with D. beyond 23. A. rolled B. paved C. covered D. measured 24. A. convincing B. appreciating C. competing D. encouraging 25 A. envied B. loved C. respected D. believed 26. A. family B. organization C. institution D. system 27. A. check out B. give off C. walk off D. carry out 28. A. supposed B. considered C. imagined D. concerned 29. A. proved B. realized C. discovered D. started 30. A. bravery B. unity C. perseverance D. devotion 【答案】11. D 12. C 13. A 14. B 15. A 16. C 17. D 18. A 19. B 20. C 21. D 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. B 26. A 27. C 28. B 29. D 30. C 【解析】 本文是记叙文。文中笨重强壮的鲍比通过自己的毅力和对队员的关爱告诉我们：毅力的精神 是自发的，我们应该珍惜它。 【11 题详解】 考查动词。句意：在赛季初，看起来笨重但是很强壮的鲍比在学校走廊拦住我。A. waved 挥 手； B. informed 通知； C. limited 有限；D. stopped 停止。根据 He told me he was eager to join in our track team 得知鲍比拦住作者说了一些话。故选 D。 【12 题详解】 考查名词。句意：他说他相信他会做出重要贡献。A. appearance 外表；B. promise 答应； C. contribution 贡献；D. influence 影响。根据下文 Bobby had been right when he told me he felt he could make a significant contribution.鲍比当时很自信，他说会做出重要贡献。故选 C。 【13 题详解】 考查形容词。句意：鲍比的自我介绍和自信，给我留下印象深刻。A. impressed 有印象的； B. frightened 害怕；C. puzzled 困惑的；D. embarrassed 尴尬的。根据 I was deeply　　3　　by his presentation and self-confidence.鲍比很自信，这让我印象深刻。故选 A。 【14 题详解】 考查形容词。句意：鲍比尽最大努力练习投铁饼，结果发现这些事情没有挑战性。 A. satisfactory 满意的； B. challenging 挑战的； C. suitable 合适的； D. attractive 吸引人的。根据 So Bobby intended to try another more difficult event: two-mile race.鲍比选了更难的赛事，说明他觉得上面 的练习没有挑战性。故选 B。 【15 题详解】 考查名词。句意：我钦佩鲍比答题技巧激情。A. enthusiasm 热情；B. generosity 大方；C. achievement 成就；D. cooperation 合作。根据 I questioned whether the two-mile race was a good choice.鲍比选了更难的赛事，我钦佩他的热情，但不知这是否是好的选择。故选 A。 【16 题详解】 考查形容词。句意：然而鲍比下定决心。A. worried 担心的；B. confused 困惑的； C. determined 决心的； D. hesitated 犹豫的。for the following weeks, he painfully but___7___ struggled through his workouts.虽然锻炼很痛苦，他仍然坚持着，这是很有决心的人。故选 C。 【17 题详解】 考查副词。句意：在接下来几周，鲍比痛苦但是勤奋的挣扎着锻炼。A. cautiously 谨慎； B. proudly 骄傲；C. secretly 秘密；D. diligently 勤奋。he painfully but___7___ struggled through his workouts.得知鲍比锻炼时很勤奋。故选 D。 【18 题详解】 考查副词。句意：尽管其他选手已经跑完比赛，鲍比还有三圈才到终点。8. A. still 仍然；B. already 已经； C. ever 曾经；D. rather 相当。根据 While all the other runners had already finished,得知其他人跑完了，鲍比还没有跑完。故选 A。 【19 题详解】 考查形容词。句意：当鲍比跑最后两圈时，几个其他队的男孩子开始嘲笑他，喊着要他离开 跑道。A. spare 多余的；B. remaining 剩余的；C. extra 额外的；D. additional 另外的。根据前面 Bobby ___8___ had three laps to go.得知鲍比还剩几圈没跑完。故选 B。 【20 题详解】 考查动词。句意：当鲍比跑最后两圈时，几个其他队的男孩子开始嘲笑他，喊着要他离开跑 道。A. crying 哭泣； B. throwing 扔掉； C. shouting 大喊；D. criticizing 批评。根据 As several boys from the other teams started making fun of him and ___10___ at him to get off the track. 得知其 他队的男孩嘲笑他，冲他喊叫，shout at somebody，冲某人喊。故选 C。 【21 题详解】 考查动词。句意：这时我们队成员注意到鲍比在哭着坚持上前给他加油。A. pull 拽开； B. assist 帮助；C. drive 开车；D. urge 催促。根据 Our whole team lined up ___12___ the track, clapping and cheering for Bobby 得知队员上前给他加油。urge on 加油鼓劲。故选 D。 22 题详解】 考查介词。句意：我们整个队站在跑道边给鲍比加油鼓掌。A. over 上面；B. around 周围； C. with 和；D. beyond 超出。B Our whole team lined up ___12___ the track, clapping and cheering for Bobby as tears ___13___down his face.跑道周边站着，用 around，故选 B。 【23 题详解】 考查动词。句意：我们整个队站在跑道边给鲍比加油鼓掌，鲍比眼泪顺着脸颊滑落。A. rolled 滚动； B. paved 铺路；C. covered 覆盖； D. measured 测量。Imagine a moving sight: Our whole team lined up ___12___ the track, clapping and cheering for Bobby as tears ___13___down his face. 这是一个感人的场景，鲍比哭着坚持，故选 A。 【24 题详解】 考查动词。句意：他一个赛事接着一个赛事给队员们鼓励。A. convincing 确信； B. appreciating 感激；C. competing 竞争；D. encouraging 鼓励。After that, Bobby put in effort to support his teammates.得知鲍比鼓励队友。故选 D。 【25 题详解】 考查动词。句意：每个队员都很爱鲍比，感觉队里有他很幸运。A. envied 羡慕； B. loved 热 爱；C. respected 尊重；D. believed 相信。felt lucky to have him in the team.说明队员们都很爱鲍 比。故选 B。 【26 题详解】 考查名词。句意：鲍比加入了一个优秀的团体，让它成为一个家庭。A. family 家庭；B. organization 组织； C. institution 机构；D. system 体系。After that, Bobby put in effort to support his teammates.说明鲍比用行动让整个团体像一个家庭一样。故选 A。 【27 题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：我见过很多优秀的选手在获胜无望的情况下离开赛场。A. check out 检 【 查；B. give off 发出；C. walk off 走开； D. carry out 执行。when they knew they weren't going to win a race.他们选择离开跑道。故选 C。 【28 题详解】 考查动词。句意：相反鲍比从来不考虑离开两公里比赛。A. supposed 认为； B. considered 考 虑；C. imagined 想象； D. concerned 关心。Bobby, on the contrary, never once ___18___ leaving that two-mile race.和前面优秀选手对比，鲍比从不考虑放弃。故选 B。 【29 题详解】 考查动词。句意：一旦鲍比开始，从不选择退出。A. proved 证明；B. realized 意识；C. discovered 发现；D. started 开始。根据 quitting was not an option.得知鲍比有恒心，开始了就不会放弃。故 选 D。 【30 题详解】 考查名词。句意：鲍比的例子告诉我们毅力的精神是自发的，我们应该珍惜它。A. bravery 勇 敢； B. unity 团结； C. perseverance 毅力； D. devotion 贡献。Once he___19___, quitting was not an option.鲍比一直坚持赛跑，很有毅力，故选 C。 第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分 40 分） 第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，共 30 分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题 卡上将该项涂黑。 A Three Modern Services When you're working a full-time job, studying or on the hunt for work, life can feel exhausting. The good news is that modern technology has made life easier in many ways, and with the following services, you'll find you have more time and energy for the things that matter. Meal kit delivery services Meal kit delivery services are one of the most underestimated innovations of the 21st century. How they work is simple. At the beginning you choose how many people need to eat in your household. Then, what your dietary requirements are, and any other preferences. Finally, you get to choose which meal kits will be delivered to your door. No matter your diet, you can have an appropriate meal kit delivered. For example, check out these low carb meal delivery options. The kit comes complete with all the ingredients you need, already prepared. All you have to do is to follow the simple recipe to put them together and pop your meal in the oven. With meal kit delivery, you don’t have to worry about cooking or spending money on takeout. Your trips to the grocery store will become easier and you'll waste less money and food. Taskrabbit One of the most frustrating aspects of having a place you call your own is that you have to take care of the maintenance(维修). Even if you are renting, there are certain tasks that your landlord will expect you to see to, whether a leaky tap or a problematic electrical appliance. For this, Taskrabbit connects you with freelancers who are willing to take on just about any task for you. You can hire someone to take care of your leaky tap rather than spending your own time and energy doing it. You're giving someone work while enjoying your time off. Postmates Finally, one of the most convenient and useful services is, of course, Postmates. With Postmates, you can get just about anything delivered or deliver something yourself. You can get someone to do your groceries for you – simply make a list of what you need and choose whether the shopper should call you if something is out or if they can decide on replacements themselves. You can also use it for takeout, to send or receive documents, and any other delivery needs you have. We live in an age of convenience, and we should take advantage of it. Start using the above services and you'll see your stress levels drop. 31. What will people first do to enjoy Meal kit delivery services? A. To check out some options. B. To pop your meal in the oven. C. To confirm the exact number of people. D. To follow the simple recipe to put them together. 32. What do the three Modern Services have in common? A. They can help people save money. B. All the Modern Services are top-level. C. They can make people easily enjoy their lives. D. Young people show their preference for the three Modern Services. 33. Where is the passage most likely to be taken from? A. A magazine. B. A book review. C. A novel. D. A guidebook. 【答案】31. C 32. C 33. A 【解析】 【分析】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了三款让生活更便捷的现代科技发明。 【31 题详解】 细节理解题。根据 Meal kit delivery services 中 At the beginning you choose how many people need to eat in your household.得知餐盒递送服务中你需要首先选择多少人要在家里就餐。要首先 确认就餐人们的确切数量。故选 C。 【32 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段 The good news is that modern technology has made life easier in many ways, and with the following services,得知本文介绍的三款科技发明都是提升生活水平，帮人们 更容易享受生活的发明。故选 C。 【33 题详解】 推理判断题。文章介绍三款现代科技发明，是节选自杂志。不是书评、小说或导游手册。故 选 A。 【点睛】对于直接信息题此类题型，可以首先从问题中找到关键词,然后以此为线索，运用略 读及查阅的技巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节，找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，仔细比 较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定最佳答案。例如:小 题 1 问享受餐盒递送服务首先做什么?在文章中找到相关的句子,由第二段 At the beginning you choose how many people need to eat in your household.可知, 需要首先选择多少人要在家里就餐, 关键词是 At the beginning … , C 选项 To confirm the exact number of people.是对 you choose how many people need to eat in your household.…的同义改写，故选 C。 B Last summer, Katie Steller pulled off the freeway on her way to work in Minneapolis. She stopped at a traffic light, where a man was sitting with a sign asking for help. She rolled down her window. “Hey!” she shouted. “I’m driving around giving free haircuts. If I go grab my chair, do you want one right now?” The man looked to be in his 60s. He was balding, and missing a few teeth. As Steller liked to tell the story, he laughed, then paused. “Actually,” he said, “I have a funeral to go to this week. I was really hoping to get a haircut.” Steller pulled out a red chair from her car and helped the man cut his hair immediately. After the work was finished, Edward looked in a mirror. “I look good!” he said. Until last year, Steller had given such haircuts to people living on the margins(边缘) around the city. She was keenly aware of the power of her cleanup job. “It’s more than a haircut,” she said. “I want it to be a gateway, to show value and respect, but also to get to know people. I want to build relationships.” Steller knew that a haircut could change a life. One changed hers: As a teen, she suffered from a severe disease, her hair thinned drastically. Seeing this, her mother arranged for Steller’s first professional haircut. “To sit down and have somebody look at me and talk to me like a person and not just an illness, it helped me feel cared about and less alone,” she said. After that, Steller knew she wanted to have her own salon so she could help people feel the way she’d felt that day. Not long after finishing cosmetology school in 2009, she began what she now calls her Red Chair Project, reaching out to people on the streets. Her aim was that by doing some kind acts, others would be inspired to spread their own. “Part of what broke my heart was just how lonely people looked,” she said. “I thought maybe I’d go around and ask if people want free haircuts. I can’t fix their problems, but maybe I can help them feel less alone for a moment.” It all began with a belief in simple acts of kindness, such as a free haircut. “The way you show up in the world matters,” said Steller. “You have no idea what people are going to do with the kindness that you give them.” 34. How did Steller react to the man’s asking for help? A. She paid no attention. B. She offered a free haircut to him. C. She sent a red chair to him as a present. D. She told an interesting story to make him happy. 35. What did Steller mean by saying “It’s more than a haircut” in paragraph 6? A. She thought it was a respectable job. B. She had found more advantages for the job. C. She considered haircut as a way to make friends. D. She hoped her job could make a difference to others. 36. What did Steller expect from Red Chair Project? A. To earn a lot of money. B. To know more people. C. To pass down the kindness. D. To make herself stand out. 37. What would be the best title for the passage? A. A Cut Above. B. A Beautiful Salon. C. The Good Belief. D. The Miracle of Love. 【答案】34. B 35. D 36. C 37. A 【解析】 【分析】 本文是记叙文。讲述了凯蒂·斯泰勒在去明尼苏达州工作的路上下了高速公路后给陌生人免费 理发传递善行的事迹。 【34 题详解】 细节理解题。根据前两段 She stopped at a traffic light, where a man was sitting with a sign asking for help. She rolled down her window. “Hey!” she shouted. “I’m driving around giving free haircuts. If I go grab my chair, do you want one right now?”得知当陌生人求助时，凯蒂·斯泰勒提供免费给他 理发。故选 B。 【35 题详解】 句意理解题。根据第 6 段 she said. “I want it to be a gateway, to show value and respect, but also to get to know people. I want to build relationships.”得知凯蒂·斯泰勒想通过理发和陌生人建立关系， 给他人带来影响。故选 D。 【36 题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段 Her aim was that by doing some kind acts, others would be inspired to spread their own.得知凯蒂·斯泰勒的红椅子项目旨在于通过自己的善行，其他人能够传递善 行。故选 C。 【37 题详解】 主旨大意题。本文主要讲述凯蒂·斯泰勒在去明尼苏达州工作的路上下了高速公路后给陌生人 免费理发的事迹。A Cut Above.这个标题既和“剪发”切题 ，又有“更胜一筹”的用法。故选 A。 【点睛】主旨大意题是篇章阅读一个主要的考查方式，最佳标题（best title）是其一个典型的 考点，也是高考阅读中每年的必考题。主旨大意题解题技巧是不要被文章细节所干扰。一般 有两种方式解题：一是看首尾段，根据首尾段内容总结主题思想；二是看每段段首句，根据 所有段首句总结主题思想。例如本文中的第四题，这是一篇记叙文，根据文体特点可知，记 叙文一般会在文章最后点名文章中心，所以由文章最后一段中的““The way you show up in the world matters,” said Steller. “You have no idea what people are going to do with the kindness that you give them.”可知凯蒂·斯泰勒通过在去明尼苏达州工作的路上下了高速公路后给陌生人免费理 发传递善行。且选项 A 中的 cut 与 free haircut 两个关键词都与故事情节紧密相关，故选 A。 C Why is poverty so difficult to overcome? Why are poorer people less likely to invest in their own learning and ability development, but more likely to be addicted to television and video games? In the past, a poor person was normally considered to have bad character or have no ambition. Banerjee corrects such views and explains the economics behind the poor. Poor people tend to live with more worries in their lives, he said, so they need tools such as televisions, cell phones, junk food and video games to relieve worries more than others. But investment in learning often takes a long time to get rewards, while the poor are often impatient due to economic reasons, and their life in the meantime is getting more worrisome and boring. That goes for health. Banerjee and his wife find that the poor spend the same amount of money and time, or even more on health and medical care than the middle class group, but they tend to get bad effects. The reason is that the poor often lack the essential medical and healthy knowledge and they tend to get medical treatment when the disease has worsened to a certain stage. Besides, they tend to trust the doctors who “give strong medicine”because they believe such doctors are the “good” ones. But in fact,“strong medicine”always leads to resistance to drugs and overtreatment. This kind of attitude, which emphasizes treatment rather than early prevention, has brought many poor people more economic stress and physical damage, and even has affected the education of their next generation. According to the study, children in poorer physical condition tend to spend less time in school and have lower incomes after graduation, so poverty gets “inherited”. When it comes to finance, Banerjee's research has found that the poor often need to borrow little and short-term loans while paying extremely high interest rates. It is also because the poor tend to take higher financial risks ----they often have unstable incomes and are unable to get working capital from banks, so they rely more on these high-interest loans. And these small loans put a brake on their savings against risks. How could the poor step into the middle class? Maybe starting a business is a way out. But for the extremely poor, it's impossible to get the capital they need to start a business. In most cases, a more practical option is getting a job in government agencies because comparatively speaking, government jobs are very stable, which give the poor the opportunities to be hired for the long term, to increase the range of their thinking and thus enabling families to move from poverty to the middle class. Banerjee's research provides a new perspective for governments to understand poverty, so that policies can be tailored to decrease poverty and ultimately eliminate(消除) it. 38. How do the poor deal with the issue of health? A. They spend less money in preventing disease. B. They focus more on the diseases than early prevention. C. They usually think it essential to resist strong medicine. D. They are willing to get free medical treatment from the government. 39. From the underlined sentence, we can learn that_______. A. poverty is produced by the poor B. poverty is passed down by their parents C. poverty has some bad effects on the poor D. poverty causes people to bear more economic stress 40. Banerjee considers it difficult to overcome poverty because________. A. the poor have bad character or have no ambition B. the poor prefer to invest in business rather than work C. the government hasn’t taken proper and effective measure D. the poor were troubled by their lives, health and finance 41. What can we learn from the passage? A. The poor have attached importance to education. B. The government can’t provide the jobs for the poor. C. All the poor need to start a business for their survival. D. Banerjee's research is helpful for the government to rid of poverty. 【答案】38. B 39. B 40. D 41. D 【解析】 本文是议论文。为什么贫穷很难克服？班纳吉从对穷人们在生活、健康和财务方面的研究三 方面分析为政府提供了一个新的视角。 【38 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段. This kind of attitude, which emphasizes treatment rather than early prevention, has brought many poor people more economic stress and physical damage,得知穷人们对 待健康的方式是关注疾病而不是早期预防。故选 B。 【39 题详解】 句意猜测题。根据前句 and even has affected the education of their next generation. According to the study, children in poorer physical condition tend to spend less time in school and have lower incomes after graduation, 得知贫穷父母会影响下一代的教育，穷人家的孩子体质更差，在学校 学习少。贫穷是可以遗传的。故选 B。 【40 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段 Poor people tend to live with more worries in their lives, 第三段 That goes for health. Banerjee and his wife find that the poor spend the same amount of money and time,第 四段 When it comes to finance, Banerjee's research has found that the poor often need to borrow little 得知班纳吉认为克服贫穷很难，因为穷人们在生活、健康和财务方面被困扰。故选 D。 【41 题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段 Banerjee's research provides a new perspective for governments to understand poverty, so that policies can be tailored to decrease poverty and ultimately eliminate(消除) it. 得知班纳吉的研究为政府提供了一个新的视角。可以推断出班纳吉的研究有助于政府来解 决贫困。故选 D。 D AI can identify rare genetic disorders People with genetic syndromes (基因遗传综合症) sometimes have revealing facial features, but using them to make a quick and cheap diagnosis can be tricky when there are hundreds of possible conditions they may have. A new neural(神经的) network that analyses photographs of faces can help doctors narrow down the possibilities. Gurovich at biotechnology firm FDNA in Boston and his team built a neural network to look at the gestalt (形态)– or overall impression of faces and return a list of the 10 genetic syndromes a person is most likely to have. They trained the neural network, called DeepGestalt, on 17,000 images correctly labeled to correspond to more than 200 genetic syndromes. The team then asked the AI to identify potential genetic disorders from a further 502 photographs of people with such conditions. It included the correct answer among its list of 10 responses 91 per cent of the time. Gurovich and his team also tested the AI’s ability to distinguish between different genetic mutations (突变) that can lead to the same syndrome. They used images of people with Noonan syndrome, which can result from mutations in one of five genes. DeepGestalt accurately identified the genetic source of the physical appearance 64 per cent of the time. “It’s clearly not perfect,” says Gurovich. “But it’s still much better than humans are at trying to do this.” As the system makes its assessments, the facial regions that were most helpful in the determination are highlighted and made available for doctors to view. This helps them to understand the relationships between genetic make-up and physical appearance. The fact that the diagnosis is based on a simple photograph raises questions of privacy. If faces can reveal details about genetics, then employers and insurance providers could, in principle, secretly use such techniques to discriminate against people with a high probability of having certain disorders. However, Gurovich says the tool will only be available to doctors. Christoffer Nellaker at the University of Oxford says this technique could bring significant benefits for those with genetic syndromes. “This is not fundamentally different information than we’re sharing walking down the street, or we’re happy to share with Facebook or Google,” he says. “But questioning the data in this way means you can obtain information about health or disease status. “The real value here is that for some of these extreme rare diseases, the process of diagnosis can be many, many years. This kind of technology can help narrow down the search space and then be confirmed through checking genetic markers,” he says. For some diseases, this kind of technology will cut down the time to diagnose thoroughly. For others, it could perhaps add a means of finding other people with the disease and, in turn, help find new treatments or cures. 42. What is the purpose of Gurovich’s neural network? A. To test the AI’s ability. B. To analyze photographs of faces. C. To help doctors reduce the range of the diagnosis. D. To research the overall impression of patients’ faces. 43. What disadvantage does Deep Gestalt bring? A. It will probably involve in the people’s privacy. B. It cannot provide information about health or disease. C. The diagnosis based on a simple photograph is not accurate. D. It could perhaps add a means of finding other people with the disease. 44. What can we learn from the passage? A. The result of the assessments for this system is perfect. B. Deep Gestalt can correctly label 200 genetic syndromes. C. It seems doubtful to use AI to distinguish genetic mutations. D. This kind of technology can speed up the diagnostic process. 45. What is the author’s attitude to this technique? A. Supportive. B. Puzzled. C. Doubtful. D. Negative. 【答案】42. C 43. A 44. D 45. A 【解析】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了古罗维奇研究的新的神经网通过分析面部图片帮助医生缩小诊断 范围。实现人工智能看脸识疾病。 【42 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段 A new neural(神经的) network that analyses photographs of faces can help doctors narrow down the possibilities.得知古罗维奇研究的新的神经网通过分析面部图片帮 助医生缩小诊断范围。故选 C。 【43 题详解】 细 节 理 解 题 。 根 据 第 七 段 The fact that the diagnosis is based on a simple photograph raises questions of privacy. If faces can reveal details about genetics, then employers and insurance providers could, in principle, secretly use such techniques to discriminate against people with a high probability of having certain disorders.得知面部图像识别的诊断会引起隐私问题。可以判断出深 度学习算法带来的弊端是它会泄露人们的隐私。故选 A。 【44 题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段 the process of diagnosis can be many, many years. This kind of technology can help narrow down the search space and then be confirmed through checking genetic markers,” he says.得知原来诊断过程可能需要很多年完成，现在这种科技可以加速诊断进程。 故选 D。 【45 题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段 For some diseases, this kind of technology will cut down the time to diagnose thoroughly. For others, it could perhaps add a means of finding other people with the disease and, in turn, help find new treatments or cures. 得知对于某些疾病，这种技术可以缩短诊断时间， 对于其他人来说，这可能会增加一种发现其他人也有这种疾病，反过来帮助找到新的治疗方 法，可以判断出作者的态度是支持。故选 A。 第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有 两项为多余选项。 The World Water Day has been celebrated annually on 22 March since1992. Each year has a different theme, looking at things like the role of clean water in the world of work, ways to stop wasting water, finding ways to supply water to underprivileged groups and so on. ___46___But it is also vital for sanitation(卫生). It is estimated that more than 700 children under the age of seven die every day from illnesses linked to unsafe water and poor sanitation. The right to water and sanitation was recognized as a human right. ___47___ These include rural communities, people who have been displaced due to war and local conflicts and areas where climate change is making water more and more scarcer. Apart from the obvious health issues, a lack of accessible clean water means that people – often women and children – spend hours every day walking to and from distant water supplies. This means they don’t have time to dedicate to work, studies and other domestic duties. ___48___And people who are not able to walk to get their own water are particularly vulnerable. There are many charities working on creating sustainable supplies of clean water for different communities around the world. ___49___But the fundamental problem of increasing demand for a limited resource can only be addressed by more efficient use of water, especially in industry and agriculture. Waste-water recycling, capturing rainwater, more efficient irrigation techniques and reforestation are all examples of how water can be used more efficiently. ___50___We should support charities, raise awareness, take part in the World Water Day events that are happening all around the world and, of course, be careful with how we use water in our own lives. Visit the UN World Water Day website to find out about an event near us. Follow world water day on social media and help spread the word about this incredibly important issue. A. Clean drinking water is fundamental. B. As individuals, what can we do to help the issue? C. The search for water becomes their main occupation. D. This important work needs to continue and to expand. E. Every living cell in the body needs water to keep functioning. F. In normal conditions, the human body can only survive three or four days without water. G. However, there are still at least 2.1 billion people around the world living without safe water. 【答案】46. A 47. G 48. C 49. D 50. B 【解析】 本文是说明文。自 1992 年 3 月 22 日起，每年都庆祝世界水日。 【46 题详解】 根据空前 But it is also vital for sanitation(卫生).得知但是水在卫生方面也是至关重要的，说明前 面在说水在什么方面是重要的。选项 A：干净的饮用水是基础的切题。故选 A。 【47 题详解】 根据空后 These include rural communities, people who have been displaced due to war and local conflicts and areas where climate change is making water more and more scarcer.包括偏远地区，由 于战争和当地冲突，气候变化导致水奇缺。这里在说世界上仍然有 21 亿人没有干净的水。故 选 G。 【48 题详解】 根据空前 This means they don’t have time to dedicate to work, studies and other domestic duties. 得 知缺水地区的人们没有时间工作学习，搜寻水是他们的主要工作。故选 C。 【49 题详解】 根 据 空 前 There are many charities working on creating sustainable supplies of clean water for different communities around the world. 有许多慈善机构致力于为世界不同社区创造清洁水的可 持续供应。世界有很多地方需要干净的水，得知这种工作需要持续和扩大范围。故选 D。 【50 题详解】 根据空后 We should support charities, raise awareness, take part in the World Water Day events 得知 我们需要慈善，提升意识，参加世界水日的活动。这是对“作为个人，我们要做些什么来帮 助解决这个缺水的问题呢？”提问的回答。故选 B。 第三部分书面表达（共两节，35 分） 第一节 （15 分） 51.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的美国朋友 Jim 对北京的历史文化感兴趣。你校暑假 期间将为交换生组织“Knowing Beijing”游览活动，请你写信邀请 Jim 来参加。内容包括： 1 时间安排； 2 活动内容； 3 邀请参加。 注意：1．词数不少于 50； 2．开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Jim， How is it going？ I'm writing to invite you to our activity-" Knowing Beijing "． We are going to organize the activity at school next Friday afternoon．We'll experience Chinese traditions，such as making dumplings，learning a dragon dance，drinking Chinese tea and so on． I hope we'll enjoy ourselves． I believe you can learn more about China and love Chinese traditional culture by having this kind of activity． I'm looking forward to your early reply． Yours， Xiao Hua 【解析】 【分析】 这 一篇应用文。 【详解】根据提示可知,本篇为一封信; 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的美国朋友 Jim 对 北京的历史文化感兴趣。你校暑假期间将为交换生组织“Knowing Beijing”游览活动，请你写信 邀请 Jim 来参加。内容包括：1 时间安排；2 活动内容；3 邀请参加。根据提示及关键词(组)进 行遣词造句,注意主谓一致和时态问题。 【点睛】本文内容完整,语言规范,语篇连贯,词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式, 如 In the morning, we will go to The Forbidden City which used to be the imperial palace for the Ming and Qing 24emperors to live.定语从句的运用，I believe you can learn more about China and love Chinese traditional culture by having this kind of activity．中使用了宾语从句。全文 中没有中国式英语的句式,显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外, 文章思路清晰、层次分明，上 下句转换自然,为文章增色添彩。 第二节（20 分） 52.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，用英语写一篇短文向校 刊“英语园地”投稿，记述你班上周组织主题为“平安校园”法制教育系列活动的全过程。 是 注意：词数不少于 60。 提示词：平安校园：Safe Campus 法律意识： legal awareness ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________ 【答案】Last week ,our school organized an activity with the theme “safe campus”which will make us aware that safety should always come first whatever we do. At the class meeting, our teacher stressed the importance of safety at school.After that,,our PE teacher gave us a lecture.Accidents can happen easily at school. We searched the internet for related information .Besides, to reaise more students’leagal awareness,we made a poster.The next day,we went to the campus to find our demonstration .Back home,I shared what I had learned with my parents . Through the experiene,I deeply realize the importance of safety at school. 【解析】 【分析】 本文属于图画作文，根据图画内容写一篇短文投稿。 【详解】假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，用英语写一篇短 文向校刊“英语园地”投稿，记述你班上周组织主题为“平安校园”法制教育系列活动的全过程。 分析四幅图可知，图画作文内容要点比较清晰，其中包括：老师宣布活动内容和意义，我参 加平安校园活动的过程，介绍活动感受。这样有利于学生写作时发挥与扩展。全文分成三部 分，开头段概括活动，中间段描述图画，结尾段总结收获和意义。文章用第一人称来写，使 用一般过去时。 【点睛】本文内容完整，语言表述通顺。使用了连接词，衔接词，使文章自然，流畅。文章 使用了定语从句 our school organized an activity with the theme “safe campus”which will make us aware that safety should always come first whatever we do.还使用了 Besides 等过渡词，使文章上 下文衔接流畅。