辽宁省葫芦岛锦化高中2020届高三高考英语课堂训练（1） 13页

‎2020年葫芦岛锦化高中高考英语课堂训练（1）‎ 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)‎ 第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。‎ A Looking for work?‎ Tutors Wanted: Math/Science/Humanities + Test Prep Job Overview:‎ JOB POSTED: 2 days ago WAGE: $27–30 per hour JOB TYPE: Part time SCHEDULE: Afternoons, evenings, weekdays, weekends Job Description:‎ We’re looking for tutors to join us before the next school year starts.‎ Our ideal candidate(候选人) will be able to assist middle and high school students with test preparation and academic work in math, science and/or the humanities(人文学科).‎ We’ll pay for your training before this fall and can also offer flexible summer tutoring opportunities (including the chance to teach group classes).‎ Once our fall semester starts on Aug 21, we’ll have even higher demand for tutoring sessions on Sundays from 12–8 pm as well as from 3–9 pm Monday–Thursday.‎ What we offer:‎ ‎● Flexible scheduling. Tutors work from 15 to 30+ hours per week depending on availability and student demand.‎ ‎● Free Sunday dinners during the academic year.‎ ‎● Fun staff gatherings.‎ ‎● Health insurance reimbursement(医疗保险报销) for staff working over 30 hours per week.‎ ‎● We are five minutes’ walking distance from the Menlo Park Caltrain station.‎ Applicants must:‎ ‎● Be able to show mastery(精通) of the subjects they tutor.‎ ‎● Be willing to tutor students through the full academic year.‎ Application instructions:‎ ‎● Email us your resume.‎ ‎● Tell us why you want to join Academic Trainers and describe your experience of tutoring students (if you have any).‎ ‎● Let us know your scheduling preferences and potential start date.‎ ‎● Tell us which of the subjects you are able to tutor—Mathematics, Sciences, Humanities, or Foreign Language.‎ ‎21. Which period of time needs the most tutors during the academic year?‎ A. Weekday mornings.‎ B. Sunday afternoons and evenings.‎ C. Friday afternoons and evenings.‎ D. Saturday and Sunday mornings.‎ ‎22. A tutor who works more than 30 hours per week can enjoy ______.‎ A. free job training every month B. free lunches and dinners during the academic year C. health insurance reimbursement D. accommodation near Menlo Park Caltrain station ‎23. According to the text, the ideal candidate ______.‎ A. is good at one or more academic subjects B. will work every evening throughout the academic year C. has the opportunity to become a full-time tutor D. must have previous tutoring experience B Remember Vitainwater’s “free of rolling screen for a year” challenge that dared people to be free from smart phones for a whole year will win $100,000? Well, Elana Mugdan, a New York woman, has been into it for eight months, and just four months away from claiming grand prize.‎ Vitaminwater made news headlines last December when it announced its unique challenge. Thousands of people applied to be chosen as the perfect candidate to spend a year without touching their smart phones, but in the end, the only person who got to try and survive for an entire year without a handheld smart phone was Elana Mugdan, a 29-year-old fiction writer from Queens, New York. Eight months into the challenge, she claims it has been a free and eye-opening experience that shows her just how dependent she becomes on her smart phone. Even though there are times when she misses her handheld smart phone, she plans to go on living without it even after the challenge ends, because she really doesn’t want to go back to days when she abused it, wasted time, stayed up all hours of the night on it, and was obsessed with social media.‎ But not having access to her smart phone really made certain situations a lot harder than she could have imagined them before. “Many people did me a favor. However, once, I almost got stranded(滞留) in the SeaTac airport because the phone number I’d written down was wrong, and I had no way of referring to the right one, no way of calling a cab, and no one in the state who could help me,” the young writer said.‎ Another time, her car’s “check engine” light turned on while she was driving in an unfamiliar area at night. She couldn’t use her phone’s GPS location feature, or even check what the light meant on Google or find a nearby car repair shop. Still, she learned to overcome these situations. And now she claims the last eight months of phone-free life have been one of the best adventures of her life and that she’ll keep it for another four months.‎ ‎24. What’s the challenge “free of rolling screen for a year”?‎ A. People free from smart phones can live a richer life.‎ B. People living a telephone-free life can be awarded every year.‎ C. People living without computers for a year will win grand prize.‎ D. People spending a year free from smart phones will get a reward.‎ ‎25. Which phrase can replace the underlined part “obsessed with” in paragraph 2?‎ A. satisfied with B. accustomed to C. addicted to D. popular with ‎26. What does Elana Mugdan mainly want to express in paragraph 3?‎ A. It’s fantastic to have someone to help her all the way.‎ B. It’s unimaginable to lose her phone number on the way.‎ C. It’s unnecessary to refer to information with a smart phone.‎ D. It’s difficult to get out of the trouble without a smart phone.‎ ‎27. What can we learn about Elana Mudgan?‎ A. She couldn’t live without a smart phone.‎ B. She finds no one can help her in the adventure.‎ C. She has not won the grand $ 100,000 prize yet.‎ D. She used to use her smart phone to write fiction.‎ C If you’re one of the millions of those who use escalators each year, you are probably deeply familiar with the vertical grooves(竖凹槽) that cover each stair. Few of us have stopped to consider why they exist, though. In fact, it’s one of the everyday things we take for granted.‎ But it is a little complicating when you think about it. Sure, the deep, grey lines make an escalator’s metal stairs more appealing to the eye. But regular stairs don’t have grooves like these; why do escalators need them? Is it because of the movement?‎ It turns out those grooves serve a more functional purpose. And, yes, it does have to do with the movement, as well as with general cleanliness! Anyone who has ridden an escalator knows that the steps everlastingly circulate from the top to the bottom. You’ve surely noticed the ridged yellow lip at the top of the escalator. But here’s what you may not have noticed: As an escalator’s steps flatten, this ridge—also called the comb plate—sweeps away any trash or litter that might have fallen on the stairs. Those grooves lock the step and comb plate together, which makes it harder for any dangerous materials to slide underneath the lip. This prevents foreign objects from getting stuck in that gap, potentially causing the escalator to stop, or worse, break down completely.‎ That’s not the only reason why the grooves were created, though. They are also a good place for water to pool together, protecting you from a bad fall on the slick surface.‎ So the next time you step on an escalator, take a moment to appreciate those metal grooves. They exist to make sure you get to your office meeting on time.‎ ‎28. What are the first two paragraphs trying to say?‎ A. Millions of people use escalators every year.‎ B. Few people think much about the grooves.‎ C. Escalators are complicated machines.‎ D. Grooves make the stairs look better.‎ ‎29. The ridge is mainly designed to____‎ A. clean off dangerous objects.‎ B. keep the stairs in movement.‎ C. flatten the steps.‎ D. lock the steps.‎ ‎30. What does the underlined word “slick” mean in Paragraph 4?‎ A. Smooth. B. Sticky.‎ C. Steep. D. Slippery.‎ ‎31. What’s the passage mainly about?‎ A. The importance of escalators.‎ B. The reasons for grooves on stairs.‎ C. The look of grooves in escalators.‎ D. The safe ways of riding escalators.‎ D Friendship is an important part of human life. Friends can share our joys and our hardships. We aren’t alone. Many different animals also make friends.‎ Recently, a British research team finished an eight-year study of Indo-Pacific dolphins off the coast of Western Australia. These dolphins can use different tools to search for food. The researchers found that these dolphins are more willing to hang out with partners that like the same tool. Other factors, like family closeness or sex, have no impact on this relationship.‎ ‎“It suggests that dolphins form social bonds(纽带) based on shared interests,” UK biologist Simon Allen told Science Daily. “Using different tools is time-consuming(耗时间的)” for dolphins to cooperate.‎ Apart from dolphins, elephants, horses and bats are also known to form friendships. Are friendships only limited to the same species?‎ Of course not, The Atlantic reported. In 2015, a goat Timur was originally left in the tiger Amur’s enclosure(围场) as a meal. But instead of eating Timur, Amur likes to play with it and gets jealous when others are close to his friend.‎ The Atlantic said it’s not unusual among captive(圈禁的) animals. That’s because in captivity, animals don’t need to spend much time and energy marking their territory(领地) or looking for mates the way they ‎ would in the wild. They are actually more likely to feel bored. “In this particular situation, the animal’s motivation to engage(参与) socially and playfully may be higher than eating.”‎ More interestingly, animals not only make friends but also try to keep lasting friendships.‎ Take bats for example. In 2011, scientists found bats prefer to hang out with a few certain friends, keeping loose ties to the rest of their group.‎ Humans aren’t so different. “We do not work, play and live together with the same friends all the time,” Swiss zoologist Gerald Kerth explained. “But nevertheless, we are able to maintain long-term relationships ... despite our often highly dynamic(动态的) social lives.”‎ ‎32. What did the recent British research find about dolphins?‎ A. They form friendships based on family closeness.‎ B. They are likely to make friends based on interests.‎ C. They are better at building friendships than other animals.‎ D. They form a group to hunt food together.‎ ‎33. What’s the main purpose of Paragraph 6?‎ A. To show how different species get along with each other.‎ B. To prove captive animals are friendlier than others.‎ C. To explain why captive animals can form friendships.‎ D. To compare the difference between a tiger and a goat’s friendship.‎ ‎34. What can we infer from Gerald Kerth’s words?‎ A. Animals like to hang out with different friends.‎ B. Animals might feel bored with friends of the same species.‎ C. Humans are better at keeping long-term bonds than animals.‎ D. Humans and animals make and maintain friendships in similar ways.‎ ‎35. What’s the text mainly about?‎ A. How to build strong ties with your friends.‎ B. How animals form and keep friendship.‎ C. The importance of friendship for animals.‎ D. The different ways humans and animals socialize.‎ 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ For many, holiday celebrations mean large meals shared with family and friends, but such feasts can generate huge amounts of food waste, harming the environment and overusing natural resources—unless mindful merrymakers take steps to control the amount. 36. .‎ Be mindful of what you already have Try keeping food in glass jars. Using this method, you can make all the food in your kitchen visible, easily remembered and consumed. 37. . Nothing gets lost in the back of a shelf.‎ ‎38. ‎ Stick to a planned holiday menu before heading to the grocery store. A clear idea of who will be gathered and exactly how much food to prepare will save a lot of tossing out later. Be mindful not just of how much to purchase, but the items themselves.‎ Use leftovers wisely It may be impossible to get everyone into the clean plate club. 39. . Freeze and repurpose leftovers by using them as basic ingredients for other recipes or send extras home with guests.‎ Keep track of the scraps(残羹)‎ Along with turkey bones, use holiday scraps such as vegetables, meat and fish bones to make soup. For pet-safe dishes, allow your dog to clean plates before putting them in the dishwasher.‎ Consider composting(堆肥)‎ ‎40. . These materials can be composted, which will keep them out of landfills, where they take ‎ up space and release methane, a potent greenhouse gas.‎ A. Shop smart B. Plan a menu C. That doesn’t mean leftover food has to go waste D. Some of your family or guests may not like the food E. Following are some tips on reducing food waste during holidays F. Organize your dry food on one row and use refrigerator drawers G. Food scraps and yard waste make up more than 28 percent of waste 第三部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）‎ 第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）‎ 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。‎ Even if they had to stop today, it would have been quite an accomplishment.‎ But Brad Ryan and his 89-year-old grandmother Joy Ryan, who have 41 29 national parks so far, have no intention of 42 . The first one they saw was the Great Smoky Mountains National Park in 2015. Since then, he and Joy Ryan have seen many 43 .‎ ‎“I remembered a(n) 44 conversation with my Grandma Joy when we’re 45 my 2009 Appalachian Trail hike from Georgia to Maine and she expressed 46 that she had never seen the mountains and 47 the great outdoors throughout her life, so I 48 her to join me on my weekend 49 from campus to the Smokies,” Brad said. At the time, Brad was a fourth-year veterinary student at the College of Veterinary Medicine, but needed a 50 to deal with academic stress, especially after news of a second-year vet student’s insanity(精神错乱) was made 51 .‎ There have been a lot of 52 along the way. A highlight for Brad was “watching my grandmother 53 her inner child as she 54 down a sand dune(沙丘) at a park at age 87.” Another highlight was being 55 in an hour-long traffic jam in Yellowstone’s Lamar Valley, and watching the 56 over the Grand Canyon at dawn. “She still 57 to take a speed boat to Boca Chita Key and climbed the spiral staircase(旋梯) of a 65-foot lighthouse on the island,” Brad 58 .‎ ‎“At her age, she’s very 59 that at every moment, she’s probably seeing something for the first and last time. That has dramatically 60 the way I live my life as well,” he continued.‎ ‎41. A. founded B. recorded C. visited D. protected ‎42. A. delaying B. stopping C. wondering D. experiencing ‎43. A. attractions B. achievements C. failures D. risks ‎44. A. punctual B. ambiguous C. tense D. previous ‎45. A. imaging B. discussing C. missing D. abandoning ‎46. A. prejudice B. suffering C. regret D. expectation ‎47. A. explored B. painted C. heard D. preferred ‎48. A. served B. invited C. commanded D. forced ‎49. A. escape B. attempt C. crash D. search ‎50. A. test B. party C. break D. show ‎51. A. possible B. public C. similar D. skeptical ‎52. A. benefits B. promises C. mistakes D. laughs ‎53. A. burst into B. turn down C. dig out D. bring up ‎54. A. fell B. cut C. rolled D. looked ‎55. A. trapped B. absorbed C. lost D. conducted ‎56. A. play B. sunrise C. sunset D. match ‎57. A. managed B. promised C. refused D. failed ‎58. A. regretted B. added C. demanded D. argued ‎59. A. ashamed B. aware C. confident D. thankful ‎60. A. chose B. needed C. observed D. changed 第II卷 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）‎ 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ The number of chinstrap penguins in some colonies in western Antarctica 61. (fall) by as much as 77 percent since they were last surveyed in the 1970s, say scientists studying the impact of climate change on the remote region. The chinstrap penguin, 62. (name) after the narrow black band under its head, inhabits the islands and shores of Antarctic oceans and feeds on krill(磷虾). It is the dramatic declines 63. catch the attention worldwide.‎ A study, published by the United Nations meteorological agency, states that heat-trapping greenhouse gases—carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide—have reached an unprecedented level in the atmosphere, 64. contributes to global warming. Researchers discovered that between 1979 and 1990, Antarctica shed 65. average of 40 billion tons of ice mass annually. Climate changes are turning into a severe situation, 66. (impact) marine and land ecosystems.‎ China, as a big country, plays an important role in environmental protection. It aims not only to get rid of the environmental challenges domestically but also to help other parts of the world achieve 67. (they) climate goals. Investment in China on renewable energy accounts 68. 45% of total global investment. Since 2014, China has invested 69. (heavy) in the wind and solar PV projects in the regions along the Belt and Road. Faced with this situation, every country should raise the 70. (aware) of environmental protection.‎ 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）‎ 第一节 短文改错（共10小题：每小题1分，满分10分）‎ 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。‎ When stick in traffic, I noticed the woman in the car next to me crying. Alone in her car, she was kept wiping her tears and struggled to caught her breath. Honest speaking, I didn’t mean to stare, and I could hardly look away. As she pulled her car ahead of me, I could still see her crying for quite a few minute. When it was my turn to drive up besides her, I managed to get her attention by waving a little toy pig in car and smiled at her. She gave me the smile, too. At that moment, traffic cleared up and we drive off.‎ 第二节 书面表达（满分25分）‎ 假定你是李华，你的美国外教邀请你去他家吃饭。请你给你的美国网友Alice写一封电子邮件，内容包括：‎ ‎1.询问美国餐桌礼仪；‎ ‎2.表示感谢。‎ 注意：1.词数 100 左右；‎ ‎ 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ ‎______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎ ‎ 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)‎ 第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)‎ A ‎【答案】21-23 BCA ‎【解析】本文为应用文。本文对招聘家教的工作性质、要求、条件及申请方式进行了详细的介绍。‎ ‎21. 细节理解题。根据“Job description”中的“Once our fall semester starts on Aug 21, we’ll have even higher demand for tutoring sessions on Sundays from 12–8 pm as well as from 3–9 pm Monday–Thursday” 一旦8月21日秋季学期开始，我们的家教课程将有更高的要求，周日下午12-8点，以及周一至周四下午3-9点。可知最需要家教的时间是在周日下午和晚上，故选 B。‎ ‎22. 细节理解题。根据“What we offer”部分中包含的信息“Health insurance reimbursement(医疗保险报销) for staff working over 30 hours per week.”可知，每周工作时间超过30小时的员工报销医疗保险。故选 C。‎ ‎23. 推理判断题。根据“Applicants must”部分中的“Be able to show mastery of the subjects they tutor” 能精通所辅导科目。分析选项可知A项（擅长一门或多门学科）是理想人选的特质，故选 A。‎ B ‎【答案】24-27 DCDC ‎【解析】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个名叫Elana Mugdan的纽约人参加特殊挑战的故事。她如果在一年之内不用智能手机就可以获得10万美元的大奖。她现在已经挺过了八个月，再坚持四个月就可以把大奖收入囊中。‎ ‎24. 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“Remember Vitainwater’s ‘free of rolling screen for a year’ challenge that dared people to be free from smart phones for a whole year will win $100,000?”可知，这个挑战是指人们如果在一年之内不用智能手机就可以获得10万美元的大奖。故选D。‎ ‎25. 词义猜测题。上文提到Elana Mugdan在参加比赛之前常常滥用手机，浪费时间，整夜不睡，故推知Elana Mugdan曾对社交媒体着迷。obsessed with意为“沉迷于”。故选C。‎ ‎26. 推理判断题。在第三段中，Elana Mugdan因为写错了电话号码，又没有智能手机跟外界取得联系，所以滞留在SeaTac机场。由此可知，她主要是想表达没有手机让她很难解决困难。故选D。‎ ‎27. 推理判断题。根据第一段第二句“Well, Elana Mugdan, a New York woman, has been into it for eight months, and just four months away from claiming grand prize.”一个纽约女人,Elana Mugdan已经坚持了8个月，还有四个月的时间就可以获得大奖。”和最后一段最后一句“And now she claims the last eight months of phone-free life have been one of the best adventures of her life and that she’ll keep it for another four months.”现在她说，过去8个月的无手机生活是她一生中最棒的冒险之一，她将继续坚持4个月。”可知，Elana Mugdan已经坚持了八个月不用手机，再坚持四个月就可以把大奖收入囊中，所以到目前为止她还没得到这个大奖。故选C。‎ C ‎【答案】28-31 BADB ‎【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了自动扶梯上设计竖凹槽的原因。‎ ‎28. 推理判断题。根据前两段内容，特别是根据第一段中的“Few of us have stopped to consider why they exist, though. In fact, it’s one of the everyday things we take for granted.”可知，然而，我们很少有人停下来思考它们（自动扶梯上的竖凹槽）为什么会存在，事实上，它是我们日常生活中习以为常的东西之一。由此可知，前两段是想说很少有人会去多想自动扶梯上的竖凹槽，故B项正确。‎ ‎29. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“As an escalator’s steps flatten, this ridge—also called the comb plate—sweeps away any trash or litter that might have fallen on the stairs. Those grooves lock the step and comb plate together, which makes it harder for any dangerous materials to slide underneath the lip.”可知，当自动扶梯的台阶变平时，这个脊，也被称为“梳状板”，用来清扫掉在电梯上的垃圾，这些凹槽将台阶和梳状板固定在一起，这使得任何危险的东西都更难滑到电梯边缘下面。由此可知，脊是为了清除掉在电梯上的危险物品而设计的，故A项正确。‎ ‎30. 词义猜测题。根据划线词前的“They are also a good place for water to pool together, protecting you from a bad fall”可知，撒了水的表面是湿滑的，这些竖凹槽的作用就是把水存在里面，这样你就不会滑倒了，由此可知划线词词义为“光滑的”，故D项正确。‎ ‎31. 主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第二段中的“why do escalators need them?”电梯上为什么需要它们（竖凹槽）呢？再根据倒数第二段中的“That’s not the only reason why the grooves were created, though.”然而，这并不是设计竖凹槽的唯一原因。由此可知，本文主要介绍了自动扶梯上设计竖凹槽的原因，故B项正确。‎ D ‎【答案】32-35 BCDB ‎【解析】本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了动物如何交朋友。‎ ‎32. 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The researchers found that these dolphins are more willing to hang out with partners that like the same tool” 研究人员发现，这些海豚更愿意和喜欢相同工具的伙伴一起玩。以及第三段“It suggests that dolphins form social bonds(纽带) based on shared interests,”这表明海豚在兴趣相同的基础上形成了社会关系。由此可推断出海豚交朋友很可能是以兴趣为基础的。故选 B 。‎ ‎33. 推理判断题。文章的第五段讲的是一项有趣的发现，老虎和山羊在围场的时候，老虎没有吃掉山羊，反而一起玩耍了起来，形成了友谊。第六段讲《大西洋月刊》说这在圈养动物中并不罕见。因为被囚禁的动物不需要花太多的时间和精力争夺领地也不会像在野外那样花太多的时间寻找伴侣。他们实际上更容易感到无聊。“在这种特殊情况下，动物的更愿意参与到社交中，比起吃更愿意玩。”由此可知，第六段是对第五段的圈养动物中的友谊这种现象背后原因的解释，尤其是“That’s because....”。由此可推断出第六段是解释为什么圈养动物可以建立友谊。故选C。‎ ‎34. 推理判断题。根据前文内容以及最后一段可知人类与动物也没有那么多不同。瑞士动物学家杰拉尔德·克思解释说：“我们不总是和同一个朋友一起工作、玩耍和生活。” Gerald Kerth 说：“尽管如此，我们还是能够保持长期的关系……尽管我们的社交生活十分活跃。”可知，从Gerald Kerth的话中可推断出，动物与人一样都喜欢交朋友，且都愿意维持长期的友谊。故选D。‎ ‎35. 主旨大意题。文章第一段最后一句“Many different animals also make friends.”许多不同的动物也交朋友。接着下文主要介绍了动物如何交朋友，以及动物交朋友背后的原因。通读本文可知，文章主要介绍了动物如何交朋友，故B项正确。‎ 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）‎ ‎【答案】36-40 EFACG ‎【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了减少节日期间食物浪费的几点建议。‎ ‎36. 空前说对许多人来说，节日庆祝意味着与家人和朋友共享大餐，但这样的盛宴可能会造成大量的食物浪费；下文又介绍了减少食物浪费的建议。此处需要一个承上启下的过渡句，既要对应上文提到的食物浪费话题，又要引出下文介绍的几点建议，故E项（以下是一些减少节日期间食物浪费的建议）符合语境。‎ ‎37. 空前说试着把食物放在玻璃罐里，使用这种方法，你可以使厨房里的所有食物都能看得见，容易记住和食用。此处承接上文，讲的还是关于如何摆放食物的话题，故F项（把你的干粮放在一排，还要使用冰箱的抽屉）符合语境。‎ ‎38. 根据本段内容，特别是根据第一句可知，在去杂货店之前，坚持按照计划的假日菜单（买东西），因此本段主要讲的是要聪明地购物，故A项（聪明地购物）符合语境。‎ ‎39. 空后说把剩菜冷冻起来以后用作其他菜的基本原料，或者把多余的食物送回家，因此此处是说剩饭剩菜不一定非要浪费掉，还可以再利用，故C项（这并不意味着吃剩的食物要被浪费掉）符合语境。‎ ‎40. 空后说这些材料可以堆肥，这将使它们远离垃圾填埋场，因此此处应该会提到垃圾，空后的“These materials”指代的就是G项中的“Food scraps and yard waste”，故G项（食物残渣和院子里的垃圾占了垃圾总量的28%）符合语境。‎ 第三部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）‎ 第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）‎ ‎【答案】41-45 CBADB 46-50 CABAC 51-55 BDCCA 56-60 BABBD ‎【解析】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了Brad Ryan和他89岁的祖母Joy Ryan迄今已参观了29个国家公园，但是他们没有打算停下来，祖母在游玩中一直都很用心专注。祖母对待生活的态度影响到了Brad Ryan。‎ ‎41. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Brad Ryan和他89岁的祖母Joy Ryan迄今已参观了29个国家公园。但是，他们不打算停下来。 A. founded成立； B. recorded记录；C. visited参观；D. protected 保护。由空前的上下文可知，“today”之前Brad Ryan和他的祖母“参观”了很多国家公园，选择visit合乎语境。故选C。‎ ‎42. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Brad Ryan和他89岁的祖母Joy Ryan迄今已参观了29个国家公园。但是，他们不打算停下来。 A. delaying拖延；B. stopping停止；C. wondering想知道；D. experiencing经历。由上文的“Even if they had to stop today”并结合空格所在句子可知，他们没有停下来的想法，stop是同词复现。故选B。‎ ‎43. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：从那时起，他和Joy Ryan参观了许多景点。A. attractions景点；B. achievements成就；C. failures失败；D. risks风险。国家公园是旅游景点，选择attractions合乎语境。故选A。‎ ‎44. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我想起以前与我的祖母的对话，2009年我们谈论我从乔治亚州到缅因州的阿巴拉契亚的徒步旅行。A. punctual准时的；B. ambiguous含混不清的；C. tense紧张的；D. previous以前的。现在Brad和祖母已经参观游览了很多国家公园，由remembered一词可知，此处是表示Brad在回忆过去他和祖母的对话，即对话是发生在以前的。故选D。‎ ‎45. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想起以前与我的祖母的对话，2009年我们谈论我从乔治亚州到缅因州的阿巴拉契亚的徒步旅行。A. imaging想像；B. discussing谈论；C. missing错过，想念；D. abandoning放弃。根据“conversation with my Grandma”可知，在对话中，他们谈论了Brad的徒步旅行计划，选择discussing合乎语境。故选B。‎ ‎46. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她对自己一生从未见过山峰也没有参加过户外探索活动而感到遗憾。A. prejudice偏见；B. suffering痛苦；C. regret遗憾，后悔；D. expectation期望。空后提到祖母从未看见过山，因此此处是在表达她的遗憾，选择regret合乎语境。故选C。‎ ‎47. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她对自己一生从未见过山峰也没有参加过户外探索活动而感到遗憾。A. explored探索；B. painted描绘；C. heard听见；D. preferred更喜欢。“explore the great outdoors（探索户外的景色）”与“see the mountains（看见山峰）”是并列关系，它们在never之后，表示“祖母未曾到过外面游览参观”，这是在解释regret这个词的内容。故选A。‎ ‎48. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“周末里我离开校园到大烟山去旅行，因此我邀请她和我一起去”，Brad说。A. served服务；B. invited邀请；C. commanded指挥；D. forced强迫。祖母表达了未曾到过外面游览参观的遗憾，因此Brad Ryan“邀请”她加入自己的周末旅行计划中。故选B。‎ ‎49. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“在周末我离开校园到大烟山去旅行，因此我邀请她和我一起去”，Brad说。A. escape逃脱；B. attempt尝试；C. crash撞车， 碰撞；D. search搜索。由下一题的分析可知，Brad Ryan周末要逃避学习来休息一下。escape from：逃离，逃脱，这个短语合乎语境，表示作者的学习压力很大。故选A。‎ ‎50. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当时Brad是兽医学院的四年级学生，但他需要休息一下以应对学习压力，尤其是在二年级兽医专业的学生精神错乱的消息被公开之后。A. test测试；B. party派对；C. break间歇，休息；D. show显示。由空后的“处理学业压力”可知，Brad Ryan休要休息一下。故选C。‎ ‎51. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当时Brad是兽医学院的四年级学生，但他需要休息一下以应对学习压力，尤其是在二年级兽医专业的学生精神错乱的消息被公开之后。A. possible可能的；B. public公开的；C. similar类似的；D. skeptical怀疑的。听说有一名兽医专业的学生精神错乱的消息，促使Brad在周末需要放松一下。make sth public：公布（某事）。故选B。‎ ‎52. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一路上有很多笑声。 A. benefits好处；B. promises诺言；C. mistakes错误；D. laughs笑，笑声。由后文Brad讲述的祖母的游玩经历可知，旅行过程是愉快的，充满笑声。故选D。‎ ‎53. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：令Brad感到激动的一件事是看着祖母在87岁时在公园里滑下沙丘时表现出的孩子一般的样子。A. burst into突然进入某种状态或发生某种情况；B. turn down拒绝；C. dig out挖出，找出；D. bring up培养。dig out one’s inner child挖掘自己内心的童心。该句子表示祖母像孩子一样尽情地玩乐。故选C。‎ ‎54. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：令Brad感到激动的一件事是看着祖母在87岁时在公园里滑下沙丘时表现出的孩子一般的样子。A. fell跌倒；B. cut切；C. rolled滚动；D. looked看。此处表示祖母像小孩儿一样滑下山丘。roll down a sand dune：滑下沙丘，选择rolled合乎语境。故选C。‎ ‎55. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：另一件激动人心的事情是他们被困在黄石国家公园长达一个小时的交通拥堵中时，黎明时分看到了大峡谷上空的日出。A. trapped围困；B. absorbed吸收；C. lost丢失；D. conducted施行。由空格后面的“traffic jam”可知，他们因为交通拥堵“受困”在公园中。故选A。‎ ‎56. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：另一件激动人心的事情是他们被困在黄石国家公园长达一个小时的交通拥堵中时，他们在黎明时分看到了大峡谷上空的日出。A. play玩；B. sunrise日出；C. sunset日落；D. match比赛。由“at dawn”可知，此时是太阳升起的时候，选择sunrise合乎语境。故选B。‎ ‎57. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“她仍然设法乘快艇去了Boca Chita Key，并爬上了岛上65英尺高的灯塔的螺旋梯”，Brad补充说。A. managed管理，设法；B. promised答应；C. refused拒绝；D. failed失败。虽然祖母年事已高，但她仍然“设法”乘船，这与前面的“child”相呼应，以体现祖母对户外游览的喜爱。manage to do sth：设法做成某事。故选A。‎ ‎58. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“她仍然设法乘快艇去了Boca Chita Key，并爬上了岛上65英尺高的灯塔的螺旋梯”，Brad补充说。A. regretted遗憾；B. added添加，继续说；C. demanded要求；D. argued争论。此处是Brad在讲述祖母的又一次经历。故选B。‎ ‎59. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在她这样的年龄，她每时每刻都很清楚，她可能是第一次也是最后一次看到某些东西了。A. ashamed羞愧的；B. aware意识到的；C. confident 有信心的；D. thankful感激的。因为祖母年纪很大了，有一些东西她可能是第一次看到并且是最后一次看了，这一点她能清楚地意识到，因此在游玩中她一直都尽力去尝试。选择aware合乎语境。故选B。‎ ‎60. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这也极大地改变了我的生活方式。”他继续说。A. chose选择；B. needed需要；C. observed观测；D. changed 改变。祖母对待生活的态度影响和改变了作者，改变了作者的生活方式。选择change合乎语境。故选D。‎ 第II卷 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎61. has fallen ‎62. named ‎63. that ‎64. which ‎65. an ‎66. impacting ‎67. their ‎68. for ‎69. heavily ‎70. awareness ‎【解析】这是一篇说明文。研究气候变化对偏远地区影响的科学家表示，自上世纪70年代最近一次调查以来，南极洲西部一些殖民地的帽带企鹅数量减少了77%。气候变化日益严重，影响着海洋和陆地生态系统。面对这种情况，每个国家都应该提高环境保护意识。‎ ‎61. 考查现在完成时态和主谓一致。句意：研究气候变化对偏远地区影响的科学家表示，自上世纪70年代最近一次调查以来，南极洲西部一些殖民地的帽带企鹅数量减少了77%。此处“since”表示自从……以来，引导时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时态，且主语是“The number of”表示……的数量作主语，后面的谓语动词用单数形式，故填has fallen。‎ ‎62. 考查过去分词。句意：帽带企鹅，以其头部下方狭窄的黑色带命名，栖息在南极海洋的岛屿和海岸，以磷虾为食。此处“penguin”和“name”之间是一种被动关系，是过去分词作后置定语。故填named。‎ ‎63. 考查强调句型。句意：正是突然的骤降引起了全世界的注意。此处是强调句型，it is+强调部分+that……，故填that。‎ ‎64. 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：一项由联合国气象机构发布的研究表明，温室气体——二氧化碳、甲烷和一氧化二氮——在大气中已经达到了前所未有的水平，这导致了全球变暖。前面整个句子作先行词，在从句中作主语，故用which引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。‎ ‎65. 考查不定冠词。句意：研究人员发现，从1979年到1990年，南极洲每年平均断裂脱落400亿吨冰。固定用法：an average of“平均是……”。其中average是以元音因素开头的词，故填an。‎ ‎66. 考查现在分词作伴随状语。句意：气候变化日益严重，影响着海洋和陆地生态系统。此处“Climate changes”和“impact”之间是一种主动关系，用现在分词作伴随状语，故填impacting。‎ ‎67. 考查形容词性物主代词。句意：它的目的不仅是战胜国内的环境挑战，而且要帮助世界其他地区达成他们的气候目标。此处“climate goals”是名词，由形容词性物主代词修饰，故填their。‎ ‎68. 考查固定词组。句意：中国可再生能源投资占全球总投资的45%。固定词组：account for“占……比例”。故填for。‎ ‎69. 考查副词。句意：2014年以来，中国在“一带一路”沿线地区大力投资风能和太阳能光伏项目。此处invested是动词，由副词修饰。故填heavily。‎ ‎70. 考查名词。句意：面对这种情况，每个国家都应该提高环境保护意识。固定搭配the +名词+ of。故填awareness。‎ 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）‎ 第一节 短文改错（共10小题：每小题1分，满分10分）‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎1. stick→stuck ‎2.把kept前的was去掉 ‎3. caught→catch ‎4. Honest→Honestly ‎5.and→but/yet；‎ ‎6. minute→minutes ‎7. besides→beside ‎8.在in和car之间加my ‎9. the→a ‎10. drive→drove ‎【解析】这是一篇记叙文。交通堵塞时，作者看到旁边车里的一位女士在车里哭泣。作者示意车里的一只玩具小猪引起她的注意，并对她笑了笑。就在那一刻，交通畅通了，车开走了。‎ ‎1.考查过去分词作时间状语。句意：堵车的时候，我注意到坐在我旁边车里的女人在哭。固定词组：be stuck in“困住，陷入”。此处句子主语“I”和“stick”之间是被动关系，是过去分词作时间状语。故把stick改成stuck。‎ ‎2.考查一般过去时态。句意：她独自坐在车里，不停地擦眼泪，费力地喘着气。此处句子主语“she”和“keep”之间是主动关系，故把kept前的was去掉。‎ ‎3.考查固定搭配。句意：她独自坐在车里，不停地擦眼泪，努力地喘着气。固定搭配：struggle to do sth.尽力做某事，努力做某事。此处是动词不定式作宾语。故把caught改成catch。‎ ‎4.考查独立主格。句意：说实话，我并不想盯着看，但我无法把目光移开。Honestly speaking“诚实地说”。此处是现在分词的独立主格结构。故把Honest改成Honestly。‎ ‎5.考查并列连词。句意：说实话，我并不想盯着看，但我无法把目光移开。前后是一种转折关系，故把and改成but/yet。‎ ‎6.考查名词复数。句意：当她把车开到我前面时，我还能看到她哭了好几分钟。此处a few“几个”，修饰可数名词复数。故把minute改成minutes。‎ ‎7.考查介词。句意：轮到我开车到她身边时，我摇了摇车里的一只玩具小猪想引起她的注意，并对她笑了笑。此处指“在她旁边”，所以用介词beside“在……旁边”。故把besides改成beside。‎ ‎8.考查形容词性物主代词。句意：轮到我开车到她身边时，我摇了摇车里的一只玩具小猪想引起她的注意，并对她笑了笑。此处指在“我的”汽车里。故在in和car之间加my。‎ ‎9.考查不定冠词。句意：她也对我笑了笑。此处指“给了我一个微笑”，且单词smile以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a表示“一”。故把the改成a。‎ ‎10.考查一般过去时态。句意：就在那一刻，交通畅通了，我们开车走了。根据“At that moment”可知句子用一般过去时态，故把drive改成drove。‎ 第二节 书面表达（满分25分）‎ ‎【范文】‎ Dear Alice,‎ How is everything going? My foreign teacher has invited me to have dinner with his family. Although I have been to America twice, I know little about the table manners. I would appreciate it if you can tell me something about them.‎ Firstly, I’d like to know when I should arrive for the dinner. Besides, I also wonder whether I should bring some gifts. Finally, if possible, please tell me what I should pay attention to when having dinner. I hope you can give me assistance in these problems and thank you so much in advance.‎ Looking forward to your reply.‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua ‎【解析】本篇书面表达是一封书信。假定你是李华，你的美国外教邀请你去他家吃饭。请你给你的美国网友Alice写一封电子邮件询问美国餐桌礼仪并表示感谢。‎ 这是一篇提纲类作文，我们需要用正确的英语把给出的要点表达出来。动笔前，一定要认真分析要点，不能遗漏要点：1.询问美国餐桌礼仪；2.表示感谢。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。‎ 根据写作要点我们可以初步确定文章可能使用到的词汇和短语及句子有：invite me to have dinner；know little about table manners；I’d like to know when I should arrive for the dinner；I also wonder whether I should bring some gifts；Please tell me what I should pay attention to when having dinner；I hope you can give me assistance in these problems and thank you so much in advance。可以使用的衔接词：1.表文章结构顺序：First of all，Firstly/First，Secondly/Second… And then，Finally，In the end，At last，Above all。2.表并列补充关系：What is more，Besides，Moreover，Furthermore，In addition，as well as，not only…but (also)。通过词汇铺垫，我们就很容易地行文了，文章写完之后要检查文中是否存在拼写或语法错误。‎ 范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了多个主从复合句：Although I have been to America twice, I know little about the table manners. 这句话运用了although引导的让步状语从句；I would appreciate it if you can tell me something about them. 这句话运用了if 引导的宾语从句，it是形式宾语；Firstly, I’d like to know when I should arrive for the dinner. 这句话运用了when 引导的宾语从句；Besides, I also wonder whether I should bring some gifts. 这句话运用了whether 引导的宾语从句；Finally, if possible, please tell me what I should pay attention to when having dinner. 这句话运用了what 引导的宾语从句；I hope you can give me assistance in these problems and thank you so much in advance. 这句话运用了 that引导的宾语从句，that在hope之后已经省略。另外使用了一些固定词组，如：pay attention to，in advance，look forward to。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。‎