【英语】湖南省湘潭市第一中学2020届高三11月月考试题（解析版） 24页

湖南省湘潭市第一中学2020届高三11月月考英语试题 第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）‎ 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）‎ 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ A The picture of George Washington is on the one-dollar bill. He served as American’s first president from 1789 to 1797. President Washington has been called the "Father of his country."‎ The third president of the United States, Thomas Jefferson, is on the two-dollar bill. He was the main writer of the Declaration of independence in 1776. Jefferson was one of the most influential of the nation’s Founding Fathers. He was also a plant expert, architect, musician and inventor.‎ Another of American’s greatest presidents, Abraham Lincoln, is on the five-dollar bill. He served as the sixteenth president from 1861 until 1865. He successfully led the country through the Civil War, saved the Union and ended slavery.‎ The picture of Alexander Hamilton appears on the ten-dollar bill. Hamilton was never president. But he was the first Secretary of the Treasury and one of the Founding Fathers. He was also an economist and political philosopher.‎ Andrew Jackson was the seventh president, serving from 1829 to 1837. He supported popular democracy and individual liberty. His picture is on the twenty-dollar bill.‎ Another president is on the fifty-dollar bill. Ulysses S. Grant served from 1869 to 1877. Before serving as president, Grant was military commander of Union forces during the Civil War. Under his command, the Union Army defeated Confederate forces.‎ So who do you think is on the one hundred-dollar bill? It is Benjamin Franklin. Franklin was never elected president, but was one of the Founding Fathers. He was also a leading writer and printer, political thinker, politician, postmaster, scientist, inventor, civil activist, and diplomat.‎ These American statesmen are on the front of the bills. The backs of the notes show images from nation’s history or famous places. They are in order, the Great Seal of the United States, the signing of Declaration of Independence and the Lincoln Memorial. The others are the Treasury ‎ Building, the White House, the Capitol Building and independence Hall.‎ ‎1. The design of the bills shows that Americans values their people’s__________ .‎ A. talents in many ways B. success in their careers C. inventions in new fields D. contributions to the country ‎2. For hundreds of years, those historic men on the bills fought for the nation’s ____________.‎ A. economy and power B. independence and democracy C. wealth and success D. faith and glory ‎3. Which of the following might be the best title for the text?‎ A. Men on the Money B. the Design of US Bills C. History on the Money D. the Story of US Bills ‎【答案】1. D 2. B 3. A ‎【分析】‎ 本文是说明文。文章描述各种面值的美元纸币上伟大人物，以及他们对国家所做出的贡献。‎ ‎【1题详解】‎ 推理判断题。文章在描述每一种面值的纸币上的人物时，都着重描写他们对国家的作用与影响，George Washington是第一任总统，Thomas Jefferson独立宣言的主要起草者，Abraham Lincoln结束内战，废除奴隶制，Alexander Hamilton第一个财政部长和开国元勋之一，Andrew Jackson支持大众民主和个人自由，Benjamin Franklin开国元勋之一，从而可判断美国人民看重的是伟人对这个国家做出的贡献。故选D。‎ ‎【2题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第一段中的President Washington has been called the "Father of his country."第二段中的Jefferson was one of the most influential of the nation’s Founding Fathers.及下文对美元上其他人物的介绍可知，文章中提到的这些历史上著名的人物，无论是独立战争，美国内战，还是独立宣言的起草与签署都反映出他们为争取国家的独立与民主所做出的努力与牺牲。故选B。‎ ‎【3题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。根据第一段中的The picture of George Washington is on the one-dollar bill.第二段中的The third president of the United States, Thomas Jefferson, is on the two-dollar bill.‎ 及下文各段的段首句可知，本文主要描述了各种面值的美元纸币上伟大人物，以及他们对国家所做出的贡献。由此可知，A项Men on the Money（美元上伟大人物）适合做本文最佳标题。故选A。‎ ‎【点睛】阅读是理解的前提和手段；理解是分析、加工和处理信息，是阅读的目的和结果。因此，做阅读理解题时，考生可以先看题目，然后再看文段，这样带着问题去阅读就更有目的性。从近几年高考英语题型来看，阅读理解主要有以下几种题型：主旨大意题，细节理解题，词义猜测题，推理判断题，观点态度题等。考生在阅读的过程中必须具备下列技能，才能获取和处理信息：略读，查读，预测下文，理解大意，分清文章中的事实和观点，猜测词义，推理判断，了解重点细节，理解文章结构，理解图表信息，理解指代关系，理解逻辑关系，理解作者意图，评价阅读内容。如第3小题，判断最佳标题。根据第一段中的The picture of George Washington is on the one-dollar bill.第二段中的The third president of the United States, Thomas Jefferson, is on the two-dollar bill.及下文各段的段首句可知，本文主要描述了各种面值的美元纸币上伟大人物，以及他们对国家所做出的贡献。由此可知，A项Men on the Money（美元上伟大人物）适合做本文最佳标题。故选A。‎ B At the age of seven, while his friends were spending pocket money on things like candy and toys, Jose Adolfo was busy saving money for more essential purchases. To try to get his peers to do the same, the youngster from Arequipa, Peru came up with the innovative idea of an eco-bank, which allows kids of all ages to gain economic independence— while also helping the environment.‎ Established in 2012, the Bartselana Student Bank is the world’s first bank for kids. To open an account, kids have to bring in at least 5 kilograms of solid waste (paper or plastic) and establish a savings goal. Once accepted, all bank “partners” are required to deposit(存储) at least one additional kilogram of recyclables on a monthly basis and meet other requirements, such as attending financial education and environmental management workshops.‎ The waste collected is sold to local recycling companies, who, thanks to Jose, pay a higher-than-market rate for everything brought in by Bartselana Student Bank members. The funds received are placed in the individual’s account until his/her savings goal is reached. The account holder can then withdraw his/her money, or choose to leave it and continue to grow for a bigger target.‎ ‎“At the beginning, my teachers thought I was crazy,” Jose recalls. “They did not understand that we are not the future of the country but its present. Luckily. I had the support of the school principal.”‎ By 2013, the bank had over 200 members who brought in one ton of recyclable waste. Today, the eco-bank, which now has the support of several local institutions, has ten educational centers. They are designed to teach the over 3,000 members both finance and environmental management. On December 6, 2018, in response to the growing demand, Bartselana Student Bank began accepting applications from kids all across Peru.‎ As the teenager says, “Together we can change the world. We just need an opportunity.”‎ ‎4. What is the purpose of the eco-bank?‎ A. To involve kids in the management of the local recycling companies.‎ B. To help kids get pocket money to spend on things like candy and toys.‎ C. To show kids how important it is to learn environmental management.‎ D. To get kids to help the environment and be economically independent.‎ ‎5. What duty does an eco-bank member have to perform?‎ A. Attending financial education workshops. B. Bringing in 5 kilos of waste.‎ C. Saving one kilo of solid waste weekly. D. Establishing a savings goal.‎ ‎6. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 4 mean?‎ A. Kids are more responsible when growing up.‎ B. The future of the country relies mainly on kids.‎ C. Kids can contribute to the society though young.‎ D. The present is a vital period for kid development.‎ ‎7. Which of the following words can best describe Jose?‎ A. Generous. B. Crazy. C. Flexible. D. Influential.‎ ‎【答案】4. D 5. A 6. C 7. D ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。巴塞拉纳学生银行成立于2012年，是世界上第一家儿童银行。为了开户，孩子们必须携带至少5公斤的固体废物(纸或塑料)，并设定一个储蓄目标。回收的垃圾被卖给当地的回收公司，多亏了Jose，这些公司为巴塞拉纳学生银行成员带来的所有东西支付高于市场的价格。‎ ‎【4题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“the youngster from Arequipa, Peru came up with the innovative idea of an eco-bank, which allows kids of all ages to gain economic independence— while also helping the environment.”可知这位来自秘鲁阿雷基帕的年轻人提出了一个创新的想法，即建立一个生态银行，让所有年龄段的孩子都能获得经济独立，同时也有助于保护环境,eco-bank的目的是让孩子们帮助环境和变得经济独立。故选D。‎ ‎【5题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Once accepted, all bank “partners” are required to deposit(存储) at least one additional kilogram of recyclables on a monthly basis and meet other requirements, such as attending financial education and environmental management workshops.”可知所有银行的“合作伙伴”必须每月至少额外存放一公斤可回收物品，并满足其它要求，例如参加金融教育和环境管理研讨会。所以生态银行成员必须履行参加金融教育研讨会的职责。故选A。‎ ‎【6题详解】‎ 词句猜测题。根据第四段后文“By 2013, the bank had over 200 members who brought in one ton of recyclable waste. Today, the eco-bank, which now has the support of several local institutions, has ten educational centers.”可知到2013年，世界银行已有200多名成员，他们带来了一吨可回收垃圾。如今，生态银行已经得到了几个当地机构的支持，拥有十个教育中心。即可知生态银行是给社会带来了贡献的，即划线部分的意思是作为生态银行成员的孩子们虽然年轻，但是可以为社会做贡献。故选C。‎ ‎【7题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第三段和倒数第二段“The waste collected is sold to local recycling companies, who, thanks to Jose, pay a higher-than-market rate for everything brought in by Bartselana Student Bank members. By 2013, the bank had over 200 members who brought in one ton of recyclable waste. Today, the eco-bank, which now has the support of several local institutions, has ten educational centers”可知，因为Jose的原因，生态银行成员带来的东西被支付的价格高于市场的价格，而使得银行成员有了增加，并得到了当地机构和教育中心的支持，可判断出Jose是有影响力的。故选D。‎ ‎【点睛】用细节定位法：细节理解题属直接 解答性问题，是阅读理解题中最简单的一种，多数属中低难度的送分题。但由于高考所占的比例很大，应特别引起注意。事实和细节题的命题特点是：把某词语、某个句子或某具体事实用不同于原文的另一方式或句型表达，即同义改写。解答这类题的窍门是：A)注意掌握英语的多种表达法；B)正确分析词语在句中的作用；C)熟练运用英语的句型转换；D)读懂题干所提出的问题，并准确地找到文中涉及该问题的句子。本题第2小题，生态银行成员必须履行的义务是什么。第二段最后一句“Once accepted, all bank “partners” are required to deposit(存储) at least one additional kilogram of recyclables on a monthly basis and meet other requirements, such as attending financial education and environmental management workshops.”可知所有银行的“合作伙伴”必须每月至少额外存放一公斤可回收物品，并满足其它要求，例如参加金融教育和环境管理研讨会。所以生态银行成员必须履行参加金融教育研讨会的职责。故选A。‎ C Every year migratory(迁徙的) bats travel from Mexico to Bracken Cave, where they spend the summer consuming insects that would otherwise hungrily eat common food crops. But the bats have been showing up far earlier than they did two decades ago.‎ In a study, scientists at Rothamsted Research, an agricultural laboratory in England, used radar data from 160 U.S. weather stations to analyze activity in the Texas bat colony from 1995 through 2017. They discovered the creatures were leaving their winter quarters in Mexico earlier and reproducing sooner. They were also astonished to find increasing numbers of bats overwintering(过冬) at Bracken Cave instead of heading back to their cold weather quarters in Mexico. Overwintering is a sign that warmer temperatures change the bats’ annual rhythms, Rothamsted biologist Phillip Stepanian says.‎ A separate study of migratory bats in Indiana, published last year, found that temperature variations affected arrival and departure times—likewise hinting at the potential influence of climate change. Joy O’Keefe, a biology professor at Indiana State University and co-author of that study, says early arrival at their summer habitats(栖息地) could expose these bats to cold snaps(寒流), and they could freeze to death.‎ Joy O’Keefe and her colleagues also found that changing bat migration times can also clash with rainfall patterns. Many insects that bats eat breed in seasonal lakes and puddles. If the bats arrive too early to benefit from summer rainfall and the resulting abundance of insects, they may struggle to feed their pups(幼崽) or skip reproduction altogether, O’Keefe says. She fears this shift could cause Midwestern bats to decrease toward extinction, which would be bad news for humans.‎ ‎ “Declines in bat populations could have severe effects for crop success,” she says, adding that bats also “control significant disease vectors, such as mosquitoes.”‎ However, scientists are not certain that climate change alone is causing the Bracken Cave bat colony to migrate earlier. They have found a direct link between seasonal temperatures and bird migration, but bats are also influenced by factors such as changes in wind speed and direction. And there are other complications. “Bats are mysterious little animals that move mostly at night and are difficult to observe and track,” Stepanian says. “We have this conceptual picture of what might be happening, but really tying it to the cause is the next step.”‎ ‎8. Scientists at Rothamsted Research found that _________.‎ A. bats prefer colder weather B. bats delay their reproduction C. warming affects bat migration D. radar can be used to observe bats ‎9. Joy O’Keefe discovered that _________.‎ A. bats are used to living in rainfall seasons B. bats’ earlier migration might harm farming C. insects’ reproduction helps to spread disease D. insects shortage makes bats reproduce earlier ‎10. What does the last paragraph want to tell us?‎ A. Wind speed and direction affect bats.‎ B. It is difficult to observe and track bats.‎ C. Climate change makes bats migrate earlier.‎ D. Further research on the cause is necessary.‎ ‎11. What is the best title for the passage?‎ A Bats’ habitats B. Endangered bats C. Bats’ schedule D. Bats, our good friends ‎【答案】8. C 9. B 10. D 11. C ‎【解析】‎ 本文是说明文。文章先提出蝙蝠迁徙提前的这种现象，然后分析了这种现象可能导致的后果，最后分析了可能导致蝙蝠迁徙提前的原因。‎ ‎【8题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句话Overwintering is a sign that warmer temperatures change the bats’ annual rhythms, Rothamsted biologist Phillip Stepanian says.（罗斯泰德的生物学家菲利普·斯捷潘尼安说，越冬是气温升高改变蝙蝠年度节律的一个标志）可知，蝙蝠越冬的方式是一个迹象，这表明了气温上升改变了它们每年的迁徙规律。故选C。‎ ‎【9题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第四段中的If the bats arrive too early to benefit from summer rainfall and the resulting abundance of insects, they may struggle to feed their pups(幼崽) or skip reproduction altogether, O’Keefe says. She fears this shift could cause Midwestern bats to decrease toward extinction, which would be bad news for humans. “Declines in bat populations could have severe effects for crop success,” she says（奥基夫说，如果蝙蝠来得太早，无法从夏季降雨和由此产生的大量昆虫中获益，它们可能难以喂养幼崽，或者完全跳过繁殖。她担心这种转变可能会导致中西部蝙蝠走向灭绝，这对人类来说是个坏消息。“蝙蝠数量的减少可能对作物的成功产生严重影响，”她说）可知，蝙蝠过早地迁徙会因为缺少食物，导致喂养幼仔的困难，或者跳过繁殖期，这将导致蝙蝠数量减少，害虫增加，从而对农作物产生影响。由此可知，乔伊·奥基夫发现，蝙蝠过早的迁徙可能会危害农业。故选B。‎ ‎【10题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的However, scientists are not certain that climate change alone is causing the Bracken Cave bat colony to migrate earlier.（然而，科学家们还不能确定仅仅是气候变化就导致了蕨类洞穴蝙蝠群落更早的迁徙）及“Bats are mysterious little animals that move mostly at night and are difficult to observe and track,” Stepanian says. “We have this conceptual picture of what might be happening, but really tying it to the cause is the next step.”（斯捷潘尼安说：“蝙蝠是神秘的小动物，大多在夜间活动，很难观察和追踪。”。“我们对可能发生的事情有一个概念性的描述，但真正将其与原因联系起来还需要进一步的研究。”）可推知，对蝙蝠迁徙提前的原因还需要进一步的研究。故选D。‎ ‎【11题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。作者通过第一段中的But the bats have been showing up far earlier than they did two decades ago.（但是蝙蝠出现的时间比20年前要早得多）提出蝙蝠迁徙提前的这种现象，然后分析了这种现象可能导致的后果，最后分析了可能导致蝙蝠迁徙提前的原因。由此可知，本文主要围绕蝙蝠的迁徙时间变化展开介绍分析。由此可知，C项Bats’ schedule ‎（蝙蝠迁移时间表）适合做本文最佳标题。故选C．‎ D The new social robots, including Jibo, Cozmo, Kuri and Meccano M.A.X., bear some resemblance to assistants like Apple’s Siri, but these robots come with something more. They are designed to win us over not with their smarts but with their personality. They are sold as companions that do more than talk to us. Time magazine hailed (称赞) the robots that “could fundamentally reshape how we interact with machines.” But is reshaping how we interact with machines a good thing, especially for children?‎ Some researchers in favor of the robots don’t see a problem with this. People have relationships with many kinds of things. Some say robots are just another thing with which we can have relationships. To support their argument, roboticists sometimes point to how children deal with toy dolls. Children animate (赋予…生命) dolls and turn them into imaginary friends. Jibo, in a sense, will be one more imaginary friend, and arguably a more intelligent and fun one.‎ Getting attached to dolls and sociable machines is different, though. Today’s robots tell children that they have emotions, friendships, even dreams to share. In reality, the whole goal of the robots is emotional trickery. For instance, Cozmo the robot needs to be fed, repaired and played with. Boris Sofman, the chief executive of Anki, the company behind Cozmo, says that the idea is to create “a deeper and deeper emotional connection And if you neglect him, you feel the pain of that.” What is the point of this, exactly? What does it mean to feel the pain of neglecting something that feels no pain at being neglected, or to feel anger at being neglected by something that doesn’t even know it is neglecting you?‎ This should not be our only concern. It is troubling that these robots try to empathize with children. Empathy allows us to put ourselves in the place of others, to know what they are feeling. Robots, however, have no emotions to share, and they cannot put themselves in our place. No matter what robotic creatures “say” or squeak, they don’t understand our emotional lives. They present themselves as empathy machines, but they are missing the essential equipment. They have not been born, they don’t know pain, or death, or fear. Robot thinking may be thinking, but robot feeling is never feeling, and robot love is never love.‎ What is also troubling is that children take robots’ behavior to indicate feelings. When the robots interact with them, children take this as evidence that the robots like them, and when robots ‎ don’t work when needed, children also take it personally. Their relationships with the robots affect their self-esteem (自尊). In one study, an 8-year-old boy concluded that the robot stopped talking to him because the robot liked his brothers better.‎ For so long, we dreamed of artificial intelligence offering us not only simple help but conversation and care. Now that our dream is becoming real, it is time to deal with the emotional downside of living with robots that “feel.”‎ ‎12. How are the new social robots different from Siri?‎ A. They are intended to teach children how to talk.‎ B. They are designed to attract people with their smarts.‎ C. Their main function is to evaluate children’s personality.‎ D. They have a new way to communicate with human beings.‎ ‎13. In Paragraph 3 Cozmo is used as an example to show that the social robots ______.‎ A. are deeply connected with human beings B. are unable to build a real relationship with children C. are so advanced that they can feel the pain of human beings D. are not good enough to carry out the instructions of children ‎14. The underlined phrase “essential equipment” in Paragraph 4 refers to ______.‎ A. emotion B. pain C. fear D. thinking ‎15. Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?‎ I: Introduction P: Point Sp: Sub-point (次要点) C: Conclusion A. B. ‎ C. D. ‎ ‎【答案】12. D 13. B 14. A 15. B ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇议论文。新的社交机器人与以往机器人不同，他们不仅比我们聪明还有他们的个性。时代周刊称它彻底改变了我们与机器互动的方式。但是对这种改变有的科学家赞同而有很多人也很担忧。‎ ‎【12题详解】‎ 推理判断题。由第一段中的第一句话可知，新的社交机器人与像苹果的Siri这样的助理有相同之处，但比它们有更多功能。再由第一段中的Time magazine hailed (称赞) the robots that “could fundamentally reshape how we interact with machines.可知，社交机器人彻底改变了我们与机器互动的方式，可以推知以一种新的方式与人们交流互动。故选D。‎ ‎【13题详解】‎ 推理判断题。Cozmo是第三段的举例，举例肯定是用来证明本段或者其前边的观点的。本段的中心是“Getting attached to dolls and sociable machines is different, though.（与洋娃娃相处与与社交机器相处是不同的”。再由第三段最后一句句意“你觉得忽略了机器人而难受，但是机器人并不会感觉被忽略，或者你感觉机器人冷落了你而难受但是机器人根本不知道它冷落了你，这些意味着什么呢？”可知，社交机器人并不能真的跟小朋友建立感情。故选B。‎ ‎【14题详解】‎ 猜测词义题。由划线单词后的“They have not been born, they don’t know pain, or death, or fear. Robot thinking may be thinking, but robot feeling is never feeling, and robot love is never love.”可知，社交机器人不知道疼，死亡或害怕。社交机器人的思维可能是在想，但是他们的感觉从来不是感觉，他们的爱也从来不是爱。这句话是证明划线单词所在句子的论点的，他们是会同情的机器，但是他们缺少感情，导致他们所谓的感情是假的。所以划线单词词意为情感。A. emotion情感；B. pain疼痛；C. fear害怕；D. thinking想。故选A。‎ ‎【15题详解】‎ 篇章结构题。分析文章内容，第一段提出观点：社交机器人改变了我们与机器互动的方式。第二段提出一些支持这一改变的专家的想法，第三段提出一些人对这一改变的担忧，并且第三段后半部分以及第四段、第五段分别是这些人的三点担忧。最后一段总结这一趋势面临的现状。所以文章提出观点后，分为支持和反对两个观点，反对方面又列出了三点担忧，最后一段总结。故选B。‎ ‎【点睛】猜测词义题在高考中有三种考查形式：生词猜测词义或熟词生义、猜测一句话的意思、指代关系猜词（代词或者名词）。从近三年考查形势看，三种考查方式同等重要。本文中考查的是生词猜测词义。这种题型的解法主要是在生词后找到其释义句。例如本文中划线单词后一句话是对划线单词所在句子的解释。根据“they are missing”与其前后“don’t understand”及“never”这些否定词之间的呼应，可知，划线单词与“emotional lives”、“feeling”、“love”等之间是并列解释关系。由这些词可以推知划线单词意思为情感，故选A。‎ 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10 分）‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ A series of surveys have shown most students fail to use proven methods of learning effectively, instead wasting their time on ineffective methods.‎ ‎____16____, the potential pitfalls, and the ways that they can use them more effectively.‎ Strategy 1 : Rereading Learning new vocabulary? ___17___ Unfortunately, psychologists believe that it is too passive, meaning that most of the information fails to leave an impression.‎ Strategy 2 : ____18____‎ Like rereading, this study technique is nearly ubiquitous (无所不在的). The idea makes sense: the process of underlining key words and phrases should help you to engage more with the information, and it makes it easier to identify the most important passages later on. But although it can bemore effective than passive rereading, underlining and highlighting often fails to work, with most students mindlessly marking up almost every paragraph without much discernment.‎ Strategy 3 : Note-taking ‎____19____, and you will find students carefully copying the most important facts into their notebooks. Like underlining and highlighting, the problems come when you fail to be judicious about the material you are including.‎ Strategy 4 : Outlining Many teachers encourage their students to take a ‘bird’s eye’ view of the course they are studying, presenting an overview of the key points to be learned in a structured, logical manner. ____20____. But they may also encourage the student to do it for themselves.‎ A. Underlining and highlighting B. Visit any lecture theatre or library C. Underlining key words and taking notes D. The best strategy is to read more effectively E. Sometimes these outlines are created by the instructor themselves F. The most common strategy is to read the words and their meanings until they stick G. Fortunately, a new paper has examined misconceptions, with a list of the four most popular study strategies ‎【答案】16. G 17. F 18. A 19. B 20. E ‎【分析】‎ 本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了重读、做标记、做笔记、列提纲这四种流行的学习方法中存在的潜在陷阱，并提出了指导意见。‎ ‎【16题详解】‎ 根据下文中的the ways that they can use them more effectively可知,下文将介绍高效读书的技巧。G项“幸运的是，一篇新的论文研究了误解，列出了四种最流行的学习策略”引出下文，符合语境。故选G。‎ ‎【17题详解】‎ 根据本段小标题中的Rereading以及空格前的new vocabulary可知，本段主要介绍学习新词汇的相关内容。F项“最常见的策略是阅读单词和其含义，直到它们被记住”承接上文，符合本段主题。故选F。‎ ‎【18题详解】‎ 空格处为本段小标题。根据下文But although it can be more effective than passive rereading, underlining and highlighting often fails to work,with most much discernment.可知，尽管画线标注和突出显示比被动重读更有效，但往往不起作用。A项“画线标准和突出显示”符合本段主题，引出下文。故选A。‎ ‎【19题详解】‎ 根据下文中的you will find students carefully copying the most important facts into their ‎ notebooks可知，你会发现学生们在认真地做笔记。B项“参观任何演一个演讲厅或图书馆”能够引出下文，符合语境。故选B。‎ ‎【20题详解】‎ 根据本段小标题中的Outlining可知，本段主要介绍列提纲的方法。E项“有时这些提纲是由讲师自己创建的”符合语境。故选E。‎ ‎【点睛】七选五题型主要考查上下文的理解与推断，虽然文章整体难度一般低于阅读理解，但是却给很多同学造成了很大的心理障碍。七个选项中选五个，比四个选项中选一个，感觉干扰性更大，很大同学在做这个题目时，总有一种眼花缭乱、心烦气躁的感觉，致使往往正确率不高。在这里提醒同学们，首先要克服心理障碍，同时要注意方式方法。其次，注意设空前后的句子，因为这些句子之间是顺承和联系的，所有一定要联系和理解上下文的语境。例如第5小题，根据本段小标题中的“Outlining”可知，本段主要介绍列提纲的方法。E项“有时这些提纲是由讲师自己创建的”符合语境。故选E。‎ 第二部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）‎ 第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）‎ 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填人空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ I listen with interest how people discuss with each other. Mostly they ___21___. They get caught in negative(消极的）stuff, talk about it _____22_____,and try to make others agree with them in their misery. And they pay no attention to the most _____23_____ thing.‎ Happiness is a feeling. We should _____24_____ how to create such a feeling. Can you learn how to be _____25_____ on purpose?‎ We are so used to our negative mindset that we don’t even _____26_____ it anymore. And so our mind, used to negativity, looks at the world through the eyes of ____27____ Even if an event occurs as happy and positive, we cannot find the emotion of pure ____28____, because we always think of negative things.‎ This____29____ happened to me. It was in my twenties that I first _____30_____ my own negative self-talk. Once, in a bus, looking at the sunny sky, I noticed the ____31____ and found myself thinking that rain was coming, and the ______32______ day should turn grey and miserable soon.‎ Many people around me was ______33______ the same, and we saw nothing ‎ ‎______34______in it. We simply did not know how to be happy.‎ This was the moment when my _____35_____ to positive thinking started. I cannot ____36____ bad stuff from happening, but I have built tools in my mind to _____37_____ these events.‎ Happiness is a string of short moments, and in each of those moments we have the ____38____ to choose our own response to them. We can learn to think on purpose. And with purposeful ____39____we learn to create wanted emotions, which will help us find _____40_____ in our life, and even happiness.‎ ‎21. A. explain B. complain C. laugh D. question ‎22. A. constantly B. gently C. friendly D. politely ‎23. A. impossible B. difficult C. important D. surprising ‎24. A. take down B. wonder at C. make up D. concentrate on ‎25. A. unusual B. lucky C. happy D. interested ‎26. A. understand B. recognize C. mention D. remember ‎27. A. selflessness B. freedom C. confidence D. misery ‎28. A. pleasure B. sadness C. pain D. regret ‎29. A. certainly B. fortunately C. hardly D. finally ‎30. A. doubted B. proved C. noticed D. changed ‎31. A. birds B. stars C. rainbows D. clouds ‎32. A. snowy B. beautiful C. terrible D. foggy ‎33. A. expecting B. behaving C. looking D. explaining ‎34. A. similar B. exciting C. comfortable D. strange ‎35. A. career B. education C. visit D. journey ‎36. A. prevent B. protect C. spare D. free ‎37. A. look at B. search for C. go through D. see through ‎38. A. secret B. power C. need D. reason ‎39. A. management B. practice C. discussion D. thinking ‎40. A. balance B. hurt C. excuse D. cheating ‎【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C 24. D 25. C 26. B 27. D 28. A 29. A 30. C 31. D 32. B 33. B 34. D 35. D 36. A 37. C 38.‎ ‎ B 39. D 40. A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是议论文。人们常以消极的思维模式思考、看待问题，但要想幸福快乐，我们无需阻止不如意的事情发生，只需改变思维方式，换个角度或视角，或许就会找到幸福。‎ ‎【21题详解】‎ 考查动词辨析。句意：他们大多抱怨。A. explain解释；B. complain抱怨；C. laugh大笑；D. question 质问。根据空格后一句中的They get caught in negative(消极的）stuff可知，他们陷入消极的事情中不能自拔，由此可推知，空格处指他们经常抱怨。故选B。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 考查副词辨析。句意：他们陷入消极的事情中，经常地谈论它，并试图让别人同意他们的痛苦。A. constantly经常地；B. gently温柔地；C. friendly友好的；D. politely礼貌地。空格前的it指代negative stuff，根据空格后的try to make others agree with them in their misery可知，此处指一直谈论消极的事情。故选A。‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ 考查形容词辨析。句意：他们对最重要事情漠不关心。A. impossible不可能的；B. difficult困难的；C. important重要的；D. surprising 令人惊讶的。根据语境可知，此处指消极的人忽视了对他们自己最重要的事情。故选C。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们应该集中精力创造这样一种感觉。A. take down取下；B. wonder at对感到惊奇；C. make up组成；D. concentrate on集中精力于。根据第一段最后一句中的pay no attention to并结合语境可知，此处指“我们”应该把注意力集中在如何获得幸福快乐上。故选D。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 考查形容词辨析。句意：你能有目的性地学习如何获得幸福呢？A. unusual不同寻常的；B. lucky幸运的；C. happy幸福的；D. interested感兴趣的。根据上文Happiness is a feeling. We should _____24_____ how to create such a feeling.可知，此处指有目的地学习如何获得幸福。故选C。‎ ‎【26题详解】‎ 考查动词辨析。句意：我们已经习惯了我们的消极心态，以至于我们甚至不再意识到它。A. understand理解；B. recognize认出；C. mention提到；D. remember 记住。根据语境可知.此处指我们太习惯于消极的心态，以至于我们甚至根本没有意识到这种消极的心态。故选B。‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ 考查名词辨析。句意：因此，我们的思想，习惯于消极，通过不幸的视角看世界。A. selflessness无私；B. freedom自由；C. confidence信心；D. misery 不幸。根据空格前的used to negativity可知，我们经常从不幸的视角看问题。故选D。‎ ‎【28题详解】‎ 考查名词辨析。句意：即使一件事情以快乐和积极的方式发生，我们也找不到纯粹快乐的情绪，因为我们总是想到消极的事情。A. pleasure乐趣；B. sadness悲伤；C. pain疼痛；D. regret后悔。根据该句中的an event occurs as happy and positive和because we always think of negative things可知，此处指我们也找不到纯粹快乐的情绪。故选A。‎ ‎【29题详解】‎ 考查副词辨析。句意：这确实在我身上发生过。A. certainly确定地；B. fortunately幸运地；C. hardly几乎不；D. finally最后地。根据下文描述可知，此处指这确实发生在我身上。故选A。‎ ‎【30题详解】‎ 考查动词辨析。句意：在我二十多岁的时候，我第一次注意到自己消极的思维模式。A. doubted怀疑； B. proved证明； C. noticed注意到；D. changed 改变。根据语境可知，此处指“我”在二十几岁的时候注意到了自己的消极思维模式。故选C。‎ ‎【31题详解】‎ 考查名词辨析。句意：有一次，在一辆公共汽车上，看着晴朗的天空，我注意到云彩，发现自己在想要下雨了，美好的日子很快就会变得灰暗而悲惨。A. bird 小鸟；B. stars星星；C. rainbows彩虹；D. clouds云彩。根据空格后的rain was coming和语境可知，作者在晴朗的天空中注意到了云。故选D。‎ ‎【32题详解】‎ 考查形容词辨析。句意：有一次，在一辆公共汽车上，看着晴朗的天空，我注意到云彩，发现自己在想要下雨了，美好的一天很快就会变得灰暗而悲惨。A. snowy下雪的；B. beautiful漂亮的；C. terrible糟糕的；D. foggy多雾的。根据该句中的sunny skies和turn grey and miserable可知，此处指美好的一天。故选B。‎ ‎【33题详解】‎ 考查动词辨析。句意：周围很多人与我的表现相同，我们没有看到任何奇怪的地方。A. expecting期望；B. behaving表现；C. looking看；D. explaining 解释。根据语境可知，周围很多人与我的表现相同。故选B。‎ ‎【34题详解】‎ 考查形容词辨析。句意：周围很多人与我的表现相同，我们没有看到任何奇怪的地方。A. similar相似的；B. exciting激动的；C. comfortable舒适的；D. strange奇怪的。根据语境和空格后一句We simply did not know how to be happy.可知，作者和周围的人们思维一样，而且并不觉得奇怪。故选D。‎ ‎【35题详解】‎ 考查名词辨析。句意：这一刻我积极思考之旅开始了。A. career事业；B. education 教育；C. visit拜访；D. journey过程，旅行。根据语境和下文描述可知，作者意识到了问题的症结所在，从这时起开启了用积极的思维模式思考问题。故选D。‎ ‎【36题详解】‎ 考查动词辨析。句意：我无法阻止糟糕的事情发生，但我已经在脑海中想到了一些方法来仔细琢磨这些事情。A. prevent 阻止；B. protect 保护；C. spare抽出；D. free 使自由。根据常识判断出，作者无法阻止消极事情的发生。prevent from…是固定用法，意为“阻止……发生”。故选A。‎ ‎【37题详解】‎ 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我无法阻止糟糕的事情发生，但我已经在脑海中想到了一些方法来仔细琢磨这些事情。A. look at看着；B. search for 寻找；C. go through仔细琢磨；D. see through看透。作者想到了一些方法来仔细琢磨这些事情。故选C。‎ ‎【38题详解】‎ 考查名词辨析。句意：幸福是一串串短暂的瞬间，在每一个瞬间，我们都有能力选择自己对它们的反应。A. secret秘密；B. power力量； C. need需要； D. reason 理由。根据to choose our own response to them可知，此处表示幸福是一系列短暂的瞬间，每个瞬间我们都有能力选择我们想要如何应对它们。故选B。‎ ‎【39题详解】‎ 考查名词辨析。句意：有了目的性的思考，我们学会了创造想要的情绪，这将帮助我们在生活中找到平衡，甚至幸福。A. management 经营；B. practice 练习；C. discussion讨论；‎ ‎ D. thinking 思考。根据空格前一句We can learn to think on purpose. 可知，此处应用purposeful thinking与之相呼应。故选D。‎ ‎【40题详解】‎ 考查名词辨析。句意：有了目的性的思考，我们学会了创造想要的情绪，这将帮助我们在生活中找到平衡，甚至幸福。A. balance平衡；B. hurt伤害；C. excuse 借口；D. cheating欺骗。分析句子结构可知，此处是which引导的 非限制性定语从句表示结果，指将会帮助我们在生活中找到平衡，甚至是幸福。balance意为“平衡”，符 合语境，故选A。‎ ‎【点睛】完形填空的解题技巧之一就是要根据上下文来学会“推理”出最佳选项。同学们要遵循“上下求索”的原则来查找信息。例如，第1小题要求判断出他们大多数在做什么。根据空格后一句中的They get caught in negative(消极的）stuff可知，他们陷入消极的事情中不能自拔，由此可推知，空格处指他们经常抱怨。A. explain解释；B. complain抱怨；C. laugh大笑；D. question 质问。故选B。‎ 第二部分 英语知识运用 第二节（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分）‎ 阅读下列材料,在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Scientists found that air pollution may be responsible ____41____ a significant reduction in intelligence. The research ____42____ (conduct) for the World Health Organization (WHO) in China showed that air pollution was responsible for big: falls in test _____43_____ (score) for languages and arithmetic. The study is called “The impact of exposure to air pollution on cognitive (认知的）performance ”. It _____44_____ ( publish ) in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences journal. The study took place over four years. Researchers analyzed speaking and arithmetic tests taken by 20 000 people of all ages. They said, Polluted air may prevent cognitive ability as people become older.”‎ The study is a warning to the rest of the world, especially to ____45____ in cities. Over 91 percent of the world population live in areas with _____46_____ (poison) air and air pollution is the fourth ____47____ (high) cause of global deaths. Researchers discovered that _____48_____ longer people were exposed to polluted air, the greater their intelligence went down. They said air pollution caused a year’s worth of lost education. For those _____49_____ were over 60 years old, this could be several years. A researcher warned, “There is no shortcut _____50_____ (solve) this issue. Governments really need to take effective measures to reduce air pollution.”‎ ‎【答案】41. for 42. conducted 43. scores 44. was published 45. those 46. poisonous 47. highest 48. the 49. who 50. to solve ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇说明文。科学研究表明空气污染可能会导致人的智力下降，并且随着年龄的增长，其可能会阻碍认知能力。研究者们呼吁政府采取有效措施减少空气污染。‎ ‎【41题详解】‎ 考查介词。句意：科学家们发现，空气污染可能是智力大幅下降的原因。固定短语be responsible for“对……负责，是……的原因”。故填for。‎ ‎【42题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。句意：世界卫生组织(WHO)在中国进行的研究表明，空气污染是语言和算术考试分数大幅下降的原因。分析句子结构可知，showed是本句的谓语，此处应用非谓语动词作定语，修饰名词The research，主语The research和动词conduct之间是被动关系，所以此处应用conduct的过去分词形式表被动。故填conducted。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：世界卫生组织(WHO)在中国进行的研究表明，空气污染是语言和算术考试分数大幅下降的原因。score“分数，成绩”，是可数名词，此处表示语言和算术的测试分数，应用复数形式。故填scores。‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ 考查时态和语态。句意：这项研究发表在《美国国家科学院院刊》上。句子的主语It指代前一句中的The study，The study和publish之间是被动关系，且publish这一动作发生在过去，所以应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was published。‎ ‎【45题详解】‎ 考查代词。句意：这项研究是对世界其它地区，尤其是对城市居民的一个警告。此处应用those指代那些在城市居住的人。故填those。‎ ‎【46题详解】‎ 考查形容词。句意：超过91%的世界人口生活在有毒的空气的地区，空气污染是导致全球死亡的第四大原因。根据空格后的名词air可知，此处应用形容词修饰名词air，表示“有毒的空气”。故填poisonous。‎ ‎【47题详解】‎ 考查形容词最高级。句意：超过91%‎ 的世界人口生活在有毒的空气的地区，空气污染是导致全球死亡的第四大原因。根据空格前的the和序数闻fourth可知，此处表示空气污染是全球第四大死因，应用high的最髙级。故填highest。‎ ‎【48题详解】‎ 考查冠词。句意：研究人员发现，人们接触污染空气的时间越长，他们的智力下降得越厉害。固定结构the+比较级 the+比较级“越……就越……”，因此，比较级longer前应加定冠词the。故填the。‎ ‎【49题详解】‎ 考查定语从句。句意：对于那些超过60岁的人来说，这可能需要几年的时间。空格前的those是代词，意为“那些人”，空格处引导定语从句，在从句做主语，修饰先行词those指人，引导词应用who。先行词为those时，关系代词不能用that。故填who。‎ ‎【50题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。句意：在这个问题上没有捷径可走。固定句型：There is no shortcut to do sth.“没有干某事的捷径”，此处用动词不定式。故填to solve。‎ 第三部分 写作（共两节；满分35分）‎ 第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）‎ ‎51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号∧，并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用(＼)划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。‎ Dear Nancy,‎ It has been a month since you begin to teach us oral English. Thank you very much for your excellent teach. In order to practice your English, we are going to have a English Singing Contest next Friday. It is going to be hold in our classroom and will last two hours. The students are going to sing some English song. You are welcome to attend the contest and one of the judges. You are a music lover, that is an advantage. You can give us useful advice on English pronunciation, but we also expect you to sing a song then.‎ If you can come, please let me to know.‎ Thanks a lot.‎ Yours,‎ Danie ‎【答案】1. begin→began ‎2. teach→teaching ‎3. your→our ‎4.a→an ‎5.hold →held ‎6. song→songs ‎7.在and后加be ‎8. that→which ‎9. but→and ‎10. 删除to ‎【分析】‎ 本文是一封邀请信。作者在信中对Nancy老师表示了感谢，同时介绍了下周五要举办的英语歌唱比赛，并邀请Nancy参加。‎ ‎【详解】第一处：考查时态。句意：自从你开始教我们英语口语已经一个月了。固定句式：It has been + 一段时间 + since sb. did sth.“自某人做某事已有……时间”，从句使用一般过去时。故begin改为began。‎ 第二处：考查动名词。句意：非常感谢您出色的教学。excellent是形容词，用来修饰名词，teaching“教学”。故teach改为teaching。‎ 第三处：考查代词。句意：为了练习我们的英语，下周五我们要举行英语歌唱比赛。分析句子结构可知，句子的主语为we，故此处应表示练习“我们的”英语。故your改为our。‎ 第四处：考查冠词。句意：为了练习我们的英语，下周五我们要举行英语歌唱比赛。此处泛指“一次英语歌唱比赛”，English是发音以元音音素开头的单词，应使用不定冠词an。故a改为an。‎ 第五处：考查动词不定式的被动语态。句意：它将在我们的教室举行，持续两个小时。根据语境可知，主语It和hold之间为被动关系，此处表示被动，应用动词不定式的被动语态。故hold改为held。‎ 第六处：考查名词。句意：学生们将要唱一些英语歌曲。song为可数名词，其前有some 修饰，应用其复数形式。故song改为songs。‎ 第七处：考查系动词。句意：欢迎你参加比赛并担任评委。分析句子结构可知，and连接两个并列的成分，and后的成分与attend the contest并列，此处缺少谓语，谓语动词应使用原形；又由句意“我们希望你成为我们的评委”可知，此处缺少系动词，应加上be动词。故在and后加be。‎ 第八处：考查定语从句。句意：你是个音乐爱好者，这是一个优势。分析句子结构可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，指代逗号之前的整句话，应用which引导。故that改为which。‎ 第九处：考查并列连词。句意：你可以在英语发音方面给我们一些有用的建议，我们也希望你到时能唱首歌。根据语境可知，该处前后两句为顺承关系，故but改为and。‎ 第十处：考查固定结构。句意：如果你能来，请告诉我一声。固定结构：let sb. do sth.“让某人做某事”。故删除to。‎ 第二节 书面表达（25分）‎ ‎52.假如你是李华,你的美国朋友David上个月在杭州旅游期间品尝了西湖龙井茶,对中国茶文化表现出了非常浓厚的兴趣。回国后他发来邮件,希望你介绍中国茶文化, 请你写一份邮件,内容主要包括:‎ ‎1.中国茶文化历史悠久、茶叶种类丰富;‎ ‎2.茶在中国人生活中的重要性;‎ ‎3.希望世界上有更多的人品尝中国茶,了解中国文化。‎ 注意:1.词数100左右;‎ ‎2.可适当发挥想象,增加细节,以使行文连贯。‎ ‎__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【答案】Dear David,‎ I am very glad to learn that you are very fond of Chinese tea. I am pleased to introduce something about Chinese tea culture to you.‎ Chinese tea has a very long history, and it has been very popular since ancient times. As an important part of our country’s cultural heritage, Chinese tea has various kinds and flavors, such as green tea, black tea and white tea, of which Pu’er and Longjing are the most famous, and there are many tea houses in which people get together to get relaxed.‎ I hope more and more friends all over the world like Chinese tea and learn about Chinese culture.‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua ‎【分析】‎ 本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求写一封信。‎ ‎【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，本篇为一封信件；假如你是李华，你的美国朋友David上个月在杭州旅游期间品尝了西湖龙井茶，对中国茶文化表现出了非常浓厚的兴趣。回国后他发来邮件，希望你介绍中国茶文化，请你写一份邮件，内容主要包括：1.中国茶文化历史悠久、茶叶种类丰富；2.茶在中国人生活中的重要性；‎ ‎3.希望世界上有更多的人品尝中国茶，了解中国文化。人称使用第三人称。时态应为一般现在时。‎ 第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如：be fond of（喜欢），Chinese tea culture（中国茶文化），have a very long history（历史悠久），various kinds and flavors（茶叶种类丰富）等。‎ 第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。‎ 第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。‎ ‎【点睛】范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如宾语从句I am very glad to learn that you are very fond of Chinese tea.介词加关系代词引导的定语从句As an important part of our country’s cultural heritage, Chinese tea has various kinds and flavors, such as green tea, black tea and white tea, of which Pu’er and Longjing are the most famous, and there are many tea houses in which people get together to get relaxed.另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。‎