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新教材高中英语UNIT5THEVALU课件 人教版必修第三册

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UNIT 5 THE VALUE OF MONEY Section C Discovering Useful Structures 核心词汇 词汇一 intention n. 打算;计划;意图;目的 ◆要点必记 ( 1 ) have no intention of doing sth. 不打算做某事 have a firm intention 有坚定的意志 with the intention of... 有 …… 的目的 / 意图 ( 2 ) intend vt. 计划;打算 intend to do/doing sth. 打算 / 想要做某事 intend sb. to do sth 打算让某人做某事 intend no harm 没有恶意 ( 3 ) intended adj. (为 …… )打算的 be intended for 专为 …… 准备 / 设计的 be intended to do sth. 打算做某事 题组练 · 领悟方法 ◆误区警示   had intended to do sth. ( = intended to have done sth. )意为“本打算做某事”,表示过去未曾实现的愿望。有这种用法的词还有 plan , hope , think , expect , mean 等。 单句语法填空 ( 1 ) I have no       ( intend ) of changing my plan. ( 2 ) They intend       ( launch ) a campaign to raise money. ( 3 ) The headmaster intended Jim        ( deliver ) a speech in front of the whole school. ( 4 ) I        ( intend ) to come , but was prevented by the bad weather. 单句写作 ( 5 ) This program was set up                 ( 有 …… 目的) providing help for homeless people. ( 6 ) These books             (专为 …… 准备) specialists in linguistics. ( 7 ) Peter                          (本来打算接受) a job in business , but abandoned that plan later. intention to launch/launching to deliver had Intended with the intention of are intended for had intended to take/intended to have taken 词汇二   nowhere adv. 无处;哪里都不 ◆教材原句 In the film The Million Pound Bank Note , Henry Adams is stuck in a foreign country without money and friends , and with nowhere to stay. 在电影 《 百万英镑 》 中, 亨利 · 亚当斯被困在国外,没有钱,没有朋友,也没有地方可住。 ◆要点必记 nowhere to live/stay 没地方住 nowhere else 别的地方都不 be nowhere to be seen/found 哪里也见不到 / 找不到 get/go nowhere 毫无进展 get sb. nowhere 使某人毫无进展 / 一无所获 nowhere near 离 …… 差得远;远谈不上 ◆学法点拨 nowhere , never , hardly , neither , nor , little , seldom , by no means 等表示否定意义的副词或词组以及 not only , not until , hardly ( ... when ), no sooner ( ... than... )等词(组)开头的句子中,要用部分倒装。 单句语法填空 ( 1 ) There is nowhere for me     ( stay ) . ( 2 ) Michael glanced anxiously down the street , but John was nowhere _____________      ( find ) . 单句写作 ( 3 ) It is lucky we booked a room , or we would have _______________                   (没地方待) now. ( 4 ) This animal is found in the Antarctic , and         (别的地方都没有) . to stay to be found nowhere to stay nowhere else ( 5 ) She left home two years ago and is             (哪里也见不着) . ( 6 )               (别处我没见过) a better kindergarten. ( 7 ) We discussed it all morning but         (毫无结果) . ( 8 ) Talking to him will          (使你一无所获) . ( 9 ) To be honest , she is         (离 …… 差得远) as pretty as you are. nowhere to be seen Nowhere else have I seen got nowhere get you nowhere nowhere near 词汇三   in case 以防;以防万一 ◆教材原句 In case it happens to you on a trip abroad , what should you do? 万一你在国外旅行时遇到这种情况,你该怎么办? ◆要点必记 ( 1 ) in case 以防;以防万一 in case of 假使  in case of fire 如遇起火 in case of emergency 在紧急情况下 in most cases 在多数情况下 ( 2 ) in no case 决不(置于句首,句子用倒装) in any case 无论如何,不管怎样 in this case 既然这样,假使这样的话 in that case 既然那样;假使那样的话 ( 3 ) as is often the case 情况经常是这样 的( as 引导非限制性定语从句) It’s not the case. 事实并非如此。 ◆学法点拨 case , point , situation , occasion , stage 等表抽象地点的名词作先行词,且关系词在从句中作状语时,常用 where 引导定语从句。 单句语法填空 ( 1 ) In case    an emergency , break the glass and press the button. ( 2 ) Today , we’ll discuss a number of cases      beginners of English fail to use the language properly. 单句写作 ( 3 ) I’ll be out for some time.      (万一) anything important happens , call me up immediately. ( 4 ) —There’s no need to take any food , Mom , I’m so full. —Come on , baby. Take some just       (以防万一) . ( 5 )          (如遇起火), all exits must be kept clear. ( 6 ) It may rain tomorrow , but we are going to attend the meeting           (无论如何) . ( 7 ) You don’t like your job;_______________ (假使那样的话), why don’t you leave? ( 8 ) There is no simple answer ,                (理科情况通常是这样的) . of where In case in case In case of fire in any case in that case as is often the case in science 词汇四   extent n. 程度;限度;大小;范围 ◆教材原句 They would be able to help to some extent. 在某种程度上他们会帮得上。 ◆要点必记 to...extent 到 …… 程度;在 …… 程度上 to a certain extent 在一定程度上 to some extent 在某种程度上 the extent of damage 损失程度 单句语法填空 ( 1 ) The pollution of the forest has seriously affected plant life and ,   a lesser extent , wildlife. ( 2 ) He has changed to such    extent that I no longer recognized him. 单句写作 ( 3 )           (在一定程度上), we are all responsible for this tragic situation. to an To a certain extent 词汇五   pursue vt. ( 1 )追求;致力于 ( 2 )执行,贯彻 ( 3 )追踪,追赶,追捕 ◆教材原句 Lily decided that she would settle in New York and pursue her dream of becoming an actress. 莉莉决定在纽约定居,追求她当演员的梦想。 ◆要点必记 pursue one’s dream 追求梦想 pursue a goal/aim 追求目标;贯彻宗旨 pursue the policy 贯彻政策 pursue a medical career 从事医学工作 pursue legal action 进行诉讼 pursue the/a car 追赶车辆 pursue a thief 追赶小偷 单句语法填空 ( 1 ) She left the theatre , hotly      ( pursue ) by the press. 单句写作 ( 2 ) I wanted to be a biologist , but I didn’t          (追求自己的梦想) . ( 3 ) We intend to          (贯彻此政策) with determination. ( 4 ) Police         (追赶车辆) at high speed , which was very dangerous. pursued pursue my dream pursue the policy pursued a car 词汇六   duty n. 责任;义务;职责;值班 ◆教材原句 Jim is not here right now. He said he would be on duty at the library this afternoon . 吉姆现在不在这里。他说他今天下午在图书馆值班。 ◆要点必记 on duty 值班,值勤 off duty 下班;不值勤 have a duty to do sth. 有做某事的责任 / 义务 a sense of duty 责任感 do one’s duty 尽职,尽责 out of duty 出于责任 It’s one’s duty to do sth. 做某事是某人的责任。 feel it one’s duty to do sth. 感觉做某事是某人的责任 单句语法填空 ( 1 ) Only one doctor is    duty today—the other doctor is off. ( 2 ) What time do you go    duty? I would like you to give me a lift. ( 3 ) Local volunteers have a duty      ( serve ) the community. 单句写作 ( 4 )        (是我们的责任) to defend our country. ( 5 )        (出于责任), the development consultant blamed the factory leaders for the pollution they had caused. ( 6 ) We         (感觉是我们的职责) to study English well. on off to serve It’s our duty Out of duty feel it our duty 重点句式 句式一   so...that... 如此 …… 以致 …… ◆教材原句 The competition was so close that no one was sure who would win the Best Actor award. 竞争激烈,没有人知道谁会赢得最佳男演员奖。 ◆要点必记 ( 1 ) so... that ... 句式 so + adj. /adv. + that... so + adj. + a/an+ 可数名词单数 + that... so + many/few + 可数名词复数 + that... So +much /little (少) + 不可数名词 + that... ( 2 ) such... that... 句式 such+a/an+ ( adj. + ) 可数名词单数 + that... such+ ( adj. + ) 可数名词复数 + that... such + ( adj. + ) 不可数名词 + that... ( 3 ) so that ( 1 )以便,为了(引导目的状语从句, 从句中常含有情态动词 may , might , can , could 等) ( 2 ) 结果,所以(引导结果状语从句) 单句语法填空 ( 1 ) His behaviour was    disappointing that he left a very bad impression on us. ( 2 ) They are such scientific methods    we can use them directly in our educational system. ( 3 ) Can you believe that in     a rich country there should be    many poor people? 单句写作 ( 4 ) It was         (如此吵闹以至于) we couldn’t hear ourselves speak. ( 5 ) It is           (这么好的天气) that we can have lunch in the garden. ( 6 ) Cathy had quit her job when her son was born      (以便) she could stay home and raise her family. ( 7 ) He is                      (如此聪明的男孩) that he leaves a deep impression on all the people present. so that such so so noisy that such fine weather so that so intelligent a boy/such an intelligent boy 句式二   It is+adj.+of sb. +to do... ◆教材原句 I think it’s kind of Roderick and Oliver to give Henry the money. 我认为罗德里克 和奥利弗把钱给亨利,很善良。 ◆要点必记 ( 1 )“ It is+ 形容词 +of sb. + 动词不定式 . ” 意为“某人做 …… 是 …… 的”,用于这种结构的形容词常常侧重说明人物的品质,如 kind , nice , foolish , silly , stupid , rude , cruel , wise , clever , brave , polite 等。 ( 2 )“ It is+ 形容词 +for sb. + 动词不定式 . ” 意为“对某人来说做 …… 是 …… 的”, 用于这种结构的形容词常常侧重于说明事物特征,如 easy , difficult , hard , important , necessary , quick 等。 单句语法填空 ( 1 ) It is stupid      him to refuse the invitation. ( 2 ) The doctor thought      would be good for you to have a holiday. ( 3 ) It’s impossible for him       ( escape ) being punished this time ; he made such a big mistake. ( 4 ) It’s necessary      you to consult your teacher about the learning method . 单句写作 ( 5 ) It’s clever                    ( 你算出这道数学题) . ( 6 ) I think it is necessary for the young                  ( 掌握一门外语) . of it to escape for of you to work out the maths problem to master a foreign language 单元语法 情态动词 要点一   can 与 could 的用法 ◆用法概述 1. 情态动词本身具有情态意义,表达说话人的态度、情绪和语气等。情态动词不能单独作谓语,必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。 2. 情态动词主要有: can , could ; may , might ; must ; ought to ; need ; dare ; shall ; will ; should ; would 。 3. 有些情态动词有过去式,如: can— could , may—might , will—would , dare— dared , have to—had to 等。 4. 情态动词的四个特点: ( 1 )情态动词不能在句中独立担当谓语。 ( 2 )情态动词后接动词原形。 ( 3 )情态动词在句中不受任何人称、数变 化的影响( have to 除外)。( 4 )各个情态动词自身都有一定的词义。 ◆用法归纳 1. can 与 could 的基本用法 ( 1 )表示能力,常译为“能,会”。 could 是 can 的过去式,表示过去的能力。 ( 2 )表示请求或许可,常译为“可以”。 could 比 can 的语气更加委婉。 ( 3 )表示可能性,常用于疑问句;用于否 定句中, can’t/couldn’t 意思是“不可能”; 用于肯定的陈述句中,表示理论上的可能性,意为“可能会”。 ( 4 )表示惊讶、不相信等,常用于否定句 或疑问句中。 2. could have done ( 1 )表示对过去的推测 ( 2 )表示“过去本来能做某事(而实际上 未做)”。 3. can’t/couldn’t have done 不可能做了某事(表示对过去的情况进行否定的推测) 4. can’t...too.../can’t...enough 再 …… 也不过分 5. can 与 be able to ( 1 ) can 只有现在式和过去式,而 be able to 则有更多的形式。 I’m sorry I haven’t been able to answer your letter in time. 对不起,我没能及时给你回信。( 2 ) can 一般指自身具有的能力,而如 果要表达将来的能力,一般要用 be able to 。 ( 3 ) be able to do sth. 的过去式 was/were able to do sth. 可表示在过去设法做成了某事,相当于 managed to do sth. 。 辨析填空( can/can’t/could/couldn’t ) ( 1 ) I can speak English , but I      speak Japanese. ( 2 )[词汇复现] She      play several instruments at the age of eight. ( 3 ) —Can/Could I use your studio? —Of course you      . ( 4 ) You      park over there. ( 5 ) —Could she be in the classroom? —No , she      . ( 6 ) It      be quite cold at night here. ( 7 ) What       he be doing at this time of night? ( 8 ) He       have finished so much work in so short a time. ( 9 ) He      have passed the exam , but he was too careless. can’t could can can couldn’t can can can’t/couldn’t could 辨析填空( can/be able to ) ( 10 ) Will you       come? ( 11 ) The young man      ( not ) carry the big box. ( 12 ) This time I failed the exam , but I’ll       pass the exam next time. ( 13 ) The fire was very big , but most people         escape from it. be able to can’t be able to were able to 单句写作 ( 14 )我本来可以借这笔钱给你的。你为什么不向我提出?   ________________________________________________                             ( 15 )我认为他不可能出国了。我刚才还看见他了。 ___________________________________________________                              ( 16 )开车的时候再小心也不过分。 _________________________________________________________________________                              I could have lent you the money. Why didn’t you ask me? I think that he couldn’t/can’t have gone abroad. I saw him just now. You cannot be too careful while driving a car. = You can’t be careful enough while driving a car. 要点二   may 与 might 的用法 ◆用法归纳 may 与 might 的用法 ( 1 )表示请求或许可,常译成“可以”。 might 表示请求时语气更加委婉。 用于一般疑问句 ; 肯定回答用 may/can ; 否定回答用 mustn’t/can’t May you succeed! 祝你成功! ( 4 ) may have done sth. 可能做了某事 might have done sth. 可能做了某事(对过去事情的推测) / 本来可能做了某事(虚拟语气) ( 5 ) may/might as well do sth. 不妨做某事 may well do sth. 很可能做某事 辨析填空( may/might ) ( 1 ) You       keep the book for two weeks. ( 2 ) I wonder if I       speak to your son. ( 3 )      our friendship last forever! 单句写作 ( 4 ) 昨晚汤姆不在家。他可能去看电影了。 _______________________________________________________________________________                                ( 5 ) 你本来可以给他更多的帮助,尽管你很忙 .   _____________________________________________________________                             ( 6 )如果情况是那样,我们不妨一试。 __________________________________________________                             ( 7 )你很可能想知道他是怎样解决这个问题的。 _________________________________________________________________                            may might May Last night Tom wasn’t at home. He might have gone to the cinema. You might/could have given him more help , though you were busy. If that is the case , we may as well try. You may well wonder how he solved the problem. 要点三   must 与 have to 的用法 ◆用法归纳 1. must 的用法 ( 1 )表示“必须”,否定形式 mustn’t 表示“不准,禁止”。 用于一般疑问句 ; 肯定回答用 must 否定回答用 needn’t/don’t have to ( 2 )表示肯定推测,意为“一定,肯定”, 只能用于肯定句中。表推测时 must 的否定形式是 can’t/couldn’t 。 对现在情况的肯定推测: must+ 动词 原形 ; 对过去情况的肯定推测: must+have done ◆比较 must 与 have to must 强调主观看法 只有一种形式 否定形式表示“禁止” have to 强调客观需要 有多种时态形式 否定形式表示“不必” 英译汉 ( 1 ) You must be home by 11 o’clock. _____________________________         ( 2 ) You mustn’t smoke here. _______________________          ( 3 ) —Must we finish the work today? _______________________________ —Yes , you must./No , you needn’t/don’t have to. ________________________________                            ( 4 ) You mustn’t tell others. _________________          ( 5 ) You don’t have to tell others. _____________________         ( 6 ) They must be anxious to learn about local customs. ______________________________________                     你必须在 11 点之前回家。 你不准在这里吸烟。 我们今天必须完成这项工作吗? 是的,你们必须完成。 / 不,不必。 你不准告诉别人。 你不必告诉别人。 他们一定急于了解当地的风俗习惯。 ( 7 ) He is in high spirits. He must have received an award. __________________________________________                           ( 8 ) Why must you always interrupt me? _________________________________          单句写作 ( 9 )昨晚你一定睡得很晚,因为你的眼睛通红。 ________________________________________________                             ( 10 )现在他一定在做他的作业。 __________________________________________                            他神采飞扬,一定是获奖了。 你为什么非要总是打断我呢? You must have gone to bed late last night , for your eyes are red. He must be doing his homework now. 要点四   shall 与 should 的用法 ◆用法归纳 1. shall 的用法 ( 1 )用于第一、三人称的疑问句中,表示征求意见或请求指示。 ( 2 )用于第二、三人称的陈述句中,表示 命令、警告、允诺或威胁等。 ( 3 )用于第三人称的陈述句,在条约、规 定、法令等文件中表示义务或规定,意为“应该”“必须”。 2. should 的用法 ( 1 )表示义务、劝告、建议、命令等,意为“应该”。 ( 2 )表示有一定根据的推测,意为“可能, 应该会”。 ( 3 )表示说话人的惊讶、愤怒、失望等特 殊情感,意为“竟然”。 ◆学法点拨 should have done 表示“本该做某事(而  实际上未做)” shouldn’t have done 表示“本不该做某  事(而实际上做了)” 英译汉 ( 1 ) Shall she go now? ________________________________          ( 2 ) He shall do it by himself.           ( 3 ) You shall have the book when I finish reading it. ____________________________          ( 4 ) You shall fail if you don’t work harder. ____________________________________          ( 5 ) He shall be punished sooner or later. _____________________________________          ( 6 ) No reader shall remove a book from the library without permission.                      _______________________________________________ 她现在可以走了吗?(请求指示) 他得自己做。(命令) 这本书我读完就给你。(允诺) 你如果不更加努力工作就会失败。 他迟早要受到惩罚的。(威胁) 未经许可, 读者不准把书带出图书馆。(规定) ( 7 ) It should be a nice day tomorrow.     ___________________________________       ( 8 ) It’s strange that he should believe the prediction.   _______________________________________         单句写作 ( 9 )你本应该请求帮助的。   _______________________________________             ( 10 )你本不该把这个消息告诉她。              _______________________________________________ 明天应该是个好天气。(推测) 真奇怪,他竟会相信这则预言。(惊讶) You should have asked for some help. (劝告) You shouldn’t have told her the news. (批评) 要点五   ought to 的用法 ◆用法归纳 ( 1 ) ought to 是情态动词,没有人称、 数和时态的变化,后接动词原形,用法与 should 基本相同。 ( 2 )否定形式: ought not to do...= oughtn’t to do... ( 3 )一般疑问句: Ought + 主语 + to do...? ( 4 ) ought to have done sth.=should have done sth. 过去本应该做某事( 实际上没 有做) oughtn’t to have done sth.= shouldn’t have done sth. 过去本不该做某事(实际上做了) 单句写作 ( 1 ) To be a top student , we      (应该) be strict with ourselves in everything we do. ( 2 ) Once lost in the forest , you          ( 应该留在) where you are , waiting for help. ( 3 ) —I’ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow. — You            (应该告诉) her last week. ( 4 ) He looks so upset ; I             (不应该告诉) him the bad news so early. ought to ought to remain ought to have told ought not to have told 要点六   will 与 would 的用法 ◆用法归纳 will 与 would 的用法 ( 1 )表示请求、建议,用于第二人称的疑 问句中, would 比 will 的语气更加委婉。 ( 2 )表示意志、愿望或决心,意为“将、要”。 will 指现在, would 指过去。 ( 3 )表示一种习惯、倾向或固有性质等, 意为“惯于,总是”。 will 指现在, would 指过去。 ◆词语辨析 would 与 used to ( 1 ) would 强调过去某种特定情况下的 活动,与现在没有联系; used to 强调过去的习惯性动作或状态, 如今已不存在,与现在形成对比。 ( 2 ) would 只表示重复的活动,不表示状 态; used to 既可表示过去重复的动作,也可表示过去持续的状态。 ◆词语辨析 would 与 was/were going to ·would 是 will 的过去式,通常表示过去的意志,“要 ……” 。 ·was/were going to ( 1 )通常表示即将要做或发生的事,主观 愿望或判断很强烈,“打算 ……” ; ( 2 )表示过去本来打算做而没做的事情。 英译汉 ( 1 ) Will you hand me that book? _________________________         ( 2 )[词汇复现] Would you please tell me something about local customs? _____________________________                             ( 3 ) I will never do that again. _____________________          ( 4 )[词汇复现] She said she would keep her word. ___________________________          ( 5 ) Oil will float on water. _________________________          ( 6 )[词汇复现] She would spend one hour dressing up before going out. ___________________________________________                 她说她愿意履行她的诺言。 请你告诉我一些当地的风俗好吗? 我再也不会做那种事了。 请你把那本书递给我好吗? 她说她愿意履行她的诺言。 她总是打扮一个小时才出门。 辨析填空( will/would ) ( 7 ) People     die without air or water. ( 8 ) When we were children , we      gather around Grandpa after supper , listening to his stories. ( 9 )      you mind my smoking here? 单句写作 ( 10 ) He     (总是) get up at eight when he was on the farm. ( 11 ) People       (以前) think that the earth is flat. ( 12 ) The baby was born to a poor farmer’s family. Nobody knew he       will would Would would used to would become   (成为) the 21st president of United States of America 40 years later. ( 13 ) She said she           (看望) me again the next day. ( 14 ) I promised that I          (要尽我所能) . ( 15 )我本来打算给你打电话,但是我忘了。 _________________________________     would see/was going to see would do my best I was going to call you , but I forgot. 要点七   had better 最好 ◆用法归纳 had better 最好 …… (后接动词原形) had better not 最好不要 …… ( had better 的否定形式) ’d better 是 had better 的缩略形式 单句写作 ( 1 )           (我们最好留在) in the open when an earthquake happens. ( 2 ) You’d better             (不要搬动家具) . We had better stay not move the furniture 要点八   need 需要 ◆用法归纳 ( 1 ) need 作为情态动词的特点:无时态、人称的变化,多用于否定句和疑问句。 need 需要, needn’t 不必。 ( 2 ) needn’t have done sth. 原本不必做某事 ( 3 ) need 作为实义动词,可以有以下搭配: need sth. 需要某物 need to do sth. 需要做某事 need doing ( =need to be done )需要被 …… ( 主动形式表被动意义) 单句写作 ( 1 ) My room is a mess , but I        (不必打扫) it before I go out tonight. ( 2 ) Need I come? Yes , you     (必须) ./No , you      (不必) . ( 3 ) As you worked late yesterday , you          (原本可以不必来) this morning. ( 4 ) 我的车需要洗了。 _____________________________________________             needn’t clean must needn’t needn’t have come My car needs washing./My car needs to be washed. 要点九   dare 敢 ◆用法归纳 ( 1 ) dare 作为情态动词,接不带 to 的不定式;多用于条件句、疑问句和否定句中; 意思是“敢,竟敢”。 ( 2 ) dare 作为实义动词,有如下搭配: dare to do sth. 敢于做某事 dare sb. to do sth. 激某人做某事