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UNIT 5 THE VALUE OF MONEY
Section C Discovering Useful Structures
核心词汇
词汇一
intention
n.
打算;计划;意图;目的
◆要点必记
(
1
)
have no intention of doing sth.
不打算做某事
have a firm intention
有坚定的意志
with the intention of...
有
……
的目的
/
意图
(
2
)
intend
vt.
计划;打算
intend to do/doing sth.
打算
/
想要做某事
intend sb. to do sth
打算让某人做某事
intend no harm
没有恶意
(
3
)
intended
adj.
(为
……
)打算的
be intended for
专为
……
准备
/
设计的
be intended to do sth.
打算做某事
题组练
·
领悟方法
◆误区警示
had intended to do sth.
(
= intended to have done sth.
)意为“本打算做某事”,表示过去未曾实现的愿望。有这种用法的词还有
plan
,
hope
,
think
,
expect
,
mean
等。
单句语法填空
(
1
)
I have no
(
intend
)
of changing my plan.
(
2
)
They intend
(
launch
)
a campaign to raise money.
(
3
)
The headmaster intended Jim
(
deliver
)
a speech in front of the whole school.
(
4
)
I
(
intend
)
to come
,
but was prevented by the bad weather.
单句写作
(
5
)
This program was set up
( 有
……
目的)
providing help for homeless people.
(
6
)
These books
(专为
……
准备)
specialists in linguistics.
(
7
)
Peter
(本来打算接受)
a job in business
,
but abandoned that plan later.
intention
to launch/launching
to
deliver
had Intended
with the intention of
are intended for
had intended to take/intended to have taken
词汇二
nowhere
adv.
无处;哪里都不
◆教材原句
In the film
The Million Pound Bank Note
,
Henry Adams is stuck in a foreign country without money and friends
,
and with
nowhere to stay.
在电影
《
百万英镑
》
中, 亨利
·
亚当斯被困在国外,没有钱,没有朋友,也没有地方可住。
◆要点必记
nowhere to live/stay
没地方住
nowhere else
别的地方都不
be nowhere to be seen/found
哪里也见不到
/
找不到
get/go nowhere
毫无进展
get sb. nowhere
使某人毫无进展
/
一无所获
nowhere near
离
……
差得远;远谈不上
◆学法点拨
nowhere
,
never
,
hardly
,
neither
,
nor
,
little
,
seldom
,
by no means
等表示否定意义的副词或词组以及
not only
,
not until
,
hardly
(
... when
),
no sooner
(
... than...
)等词(组)开头的句子中,要用部分倒装。
单句语法填空
(
1
)
There is nowhere for me
(
stay
)
.
(
2
)
Michael glanced anxiously down the street
,
but John was nowhere _____________
(
find
)
.
单句写作
(
3
)
It is lucky we booked a room
,
or we would have _______________
(没地方待)
now.
(
4
)
This animal is found in the Antarctic
,
and
(别的地方都没有)
.
to stay
to be found
nowhere to stay
nowhere else
(
5
)
She left home two years ago and is
(哪里也见不着)
.
(
6
)
(别处我没见过)
a better kindergarten.
(
7
)
We discussed it all morning but
(毫无结果)
.
(
8
)
Talking to him will
(使你一无所获)
.
(
9
)
To be honest
,
she is
(离
……
差得远)
as pretty as you are.
nowhere to be seen
Nowhere else have I seen
got nowhere
get you nowhere
nowhere near
词汇三
in case
以防;以防万一
◆教材原句
In case it happens to you on a trip abroad
,
what should you do?
万一你在国外旅行时遇到这种情况,你该怎么办?
◆要点必记
(
1
)
in case
以防;以防万一
in case of
假使
in case of fire
如遇起火
in case of emergency
在紧急情况下
in most cases
在多数情况下
(
2
)
in no case
决不(置于句首,句子用倒装)
in any case
无论如何,不管怎样
in this case
既然这样,假使这样的话
in that case
既然那样;假使那样的话
(
3
)
as is often the case
情况经常是这样 的(
as
引导非限制性定语从句)
It’s not the case.
事实并非如此。
◆学法点拨
case
,
point
,
situation
,
occasion
,
stage
等表抽象地点的名词作先行词,且关系词在从句中作状语时,常用
where
引导定语从句。
单句语法填空
(
1
)
In case
an emergency
,
break the glass and press the button.
(
2
)
Today
,
we’ll discuss a number of cases
beginners of English fail to use the language properly.
单句写作
(
3
)
I’ll be out for some time.
(万一)
anything important happens
,
call me up immediately.
(
4
)
—There’s no need to take any food
,
Mom
,
I’m so full.
—Come on
,
baby. Take some just
(以防万一)
.
(
5
)
(如遇起火),
all exits must be kept clear.
(
6
)
It may rain tomorrow
,
but we are going to attend the meeting
(无论如何)
.
(
7
)
You don’t like your job;_______________
(假使那样的话),
why don’t you leave?
(
8
)
There is no simple answer
,
(理科情况通常是这样的)
.
of
where
In case
in case
In case of fire
in any case
in that case
as is often the case in science
词汇四
extent
n.
程度;限度;大小;范围
◆教材原句
They would be able to help to some
extent.
在某种程度上他们会帮得上。
◆要点必记
to...extent
到
……
程度;在
……
程度上
to a certain extent
在一定程度上
to some extent
在某种程度上
the extent of damage
损失程度
单句语法填空
(
1
)
The pollution of the forest has seriously affected plant life and
,
a lesser extent
,
wildlife.
(
2
)
He has changed to such
extent that I no longer recognized him.
单句写作
(
3
)
(在一定程度上),
we are all responsible for this tragic situation.
to
an
To a certain extent
词汇五
pursue
vt.
(
1
)追求;致力于 (
2
)执行,贯彻 (
3
)追踪,追赶,追捕
◆教材原句
Lily decided that she would settle in New York and
pursue her dream of becoming
an actress.
莉莉决定在纽约定居,追求她当演员的梦想。
◆要点必记
pursue one’s dream
追求梦想
pursue a goal/aim
追求目标;贯彻宗旨
pursue the policy
贯彻政策
pursue a medical career
从事医学工作
pursue legal action
进行诉讼
pursue the/a car
追赶车辆
pursue a thief
追赶小偷
单句语法填空
(
1
)
She left the theatre
,
hotly
(
pursue
)
by the press.
单句写作
(
2
)
I wanted to be a biologist
,
but I didn’t
(追求自己的梦想)
.
(
3
)
We intend to
(贯彻此政策)
with determination.
(
4
)
Police
(追赶车辆)
at high speed
,
which was very dangerous.
pursued
pursue my dream
pursue the policy
pursued a car
词汇六
duty
n.
责任;义务;职责;值班
◆教材原句
Jim is not here right now. He said he would be on
duty at the library this afternoon .
吉姆现在不在这里。他说他今天下午在图书馆值班。
◆要点必记
on duty
值班,值勤
off duty
下班;不值勤
have a duty to do sth.
有做某事的责任
/
义务
a sense of duty
责任感
do one’s duty
尽职,尽责
out of duty
出于责任
It’s one’s duty to do sth.
做某事是某人的责任。
feel it one’s duty to do sth.
感觉做某事是某人的责任
单句语法填空
(
1
)
Only one doctor is
duty today—the other doctor is off.
(
2
)
What time do you go
duty? I would like you to give me a lift.
(
3
)
Local volunteers have a duty
(
serve
)
the community.
单句写作
(
4
)
(是我们的责任)
to defend our country.
(
5
)
(出于责任),
the development consultant blamed the factory leaders for the pollution they had caused.
(
6
)
We
(感觉是我们的职责)
to study English well.
on
off
to serve
It’s our duty
Out of duty
feel it our duty
重点句式
句式一
so...that...
如此
……
以致
……
◆教材原句
The competition was
so close that no one was sure who would win the Best Actor award.
竞争激烈,没有人知道谁会赢得最佳男演员奖。
◆要点必记
(
1
)
so... that ...
句式
so +
adj. /adv. + that...
so +
adj. + a/an+
可数名词单数
+ that...
so + many/few +
可数名词复数
+ that...
So +much /little
(少)
+
不可数名词
+ that...
(
2
)
such... that...
句式
such+a/an+
(
adj. +
)
可数名词单数
+ that...
such+
(
adj. +
)
可数名词复数
+ that...
such +
(
adj. +
)
不可数名词
+ that...
(
3
)
so that
(
1
)以便,为了(引导目的状语从句, 从句中常含有情态动词
may
,
might
,
can
,
could
等)
(
2
) 结果,所以(引导结果状语从句)
单句语法填空
(
1
)
His behaviour was
disappointing that he left a very bad impression on us.
(
2
)
They are such scientific methods
we can use them directly in our educational system.
(
3
)
Can you believe that in
a rich country there should be
many poor people?
单句写作
(
4
)
It was
(如此吵闹以至于)
we couldn’t hear ourselves speak.
(
5
)
It is
(这么好的天气)
that we can have lunch in the garden.
(
6
)
Cathy had quit her job when her son was born
(以便)
she could stay home and raise her family.
(
7
)
He is
(如此聪明的男孩)
that he leaves a deep impression on all the people present.
so
that
such
so
so noisy that
such fine weather
so that
so intelligent a boy/such an intelligent boy
句式二
It is+adj.+of sb. +to do...
◆教材原句
I think
it’s kind of Roderick and Oliver to give Henry the money.
我认为罗德里克
和奥利弗把钱给亨利,很善良。
◆要点必记
(
1
)“
It is+
形容词
+of sb. +
动词不定式
.
” 意为“某人做
……
是
……
的”,用于这种结构的形容词常常侧重说明人物的品质,如
kind
,
nice
,
foolish
,
silly
,
stupid
,
rude
,
cruel
,
wise
,
clever
,
brave
,
polite
等。
(
2
)“
It is+
形容词
+for sb. +
动词不定式
.
” 意为“对某人来说做
……
是
……
的”, 用于这种结构的形容词常常侧重于说明事物特征,如
easy
,
difficult
,
hard
,
important
,
necessary
,
quick
等。
单句语法填空
(
1
)
It is stupid
him to refuse the invitation.
(
2
)
The doctor thought
would be good for you to have a
holiday.
(
3
)
It’s impossible for him
(
escape
)
being punished this time
;
he made such a big mistake.
(
4
)
It’s necessary
you to consult your teacher about the learning method
.
单句写作
(
5
)
It’s clever
( 你算出这道数学题)
.
(
6
)
I think it is necessary for the young
( 掌握一门外语)
.
of
it
to escape
for
of you to work out the maths problem
to master a foreign language
单元语法
情态动词
要点一
can
与
could
的用法
◆用法概述
1.
情态动词本身具有情态意义,表达说话人的态度、情绪和语气等。情态动词不能单独作谓语,必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。
2.
情态动词主要有:
can
,
could
;
may
,
might
;
must
;
ought to
;
need
;
dare
;
shall
;
will
;
should
;
would
。
3.
有些情态动词有过去式,如:
can— could
,
may—might
,
will—would
,
dare— dared
,
have to—had to
等。
4.
情态动词的四个特点:
(
1
)情态动词不能在句中独立担当谓语。 (
2
)情态动词后接动词原形。
(
3
)情态动词在句中不受任何人称、数变 化的影响(
have to
除外)。(
4
)各个情态动词自身都有一定的词义。
◆用法归纳
1. can
与
could
的基本用法
(
1
)表示能力,常译为“能,会”。
could
是
can
的过去式,表示过去的能力。
(
2
)表示请求或许可,常译为“可以”。
could
比
can
的语气更加委婉。
(
3
)表示可能性,常用于疑问句;用于否 定句中,
can’t/couldn’t
意思是“不可能”; 用于肯定的陈述句中,表示理论上的可能性,意为“可能会”。
(
4
)表示惊讶、不相信等,常用于否定句 或疑问句中。
2. could have done
(
1
)表示对过去的推测
(
2
)表示“过去本来能做某事(而实际上 未做)”。
3. can’t/couldn’t have done
不可能做了某事(表示对过去的情况进行否定的推测)
4. can’t...too.../can’t...enough
再
……
也不过分
5. can
与
be able to
(
1
)
can
只有现在式和过去式,而
be able to
则有更多的形式。
I’m sorry I haven’t been able to answer your letter in time.
对不起,我没能及时给你回信。(
2
)
can
一般指自身具有的能力,而如 果要表达将来的能力,一般要用
be able to
。
(
3
)
be able to do sth.
的过去式
was/were able to do sth.
可表示在过去设法做成了某事,相当于
managed to do sth.
。
辨析填空(
can/can’t/could/couldn’t
)
(
1
)
I can speak English
,
but I
speak Japanese.
(
2
)[词汇复现]
She
play several instruments at the age of eight.
(
3
)
—Can/Could I use your studio? —Of course you
.
(
4
)
You
park over there.
(
5
)
—Could she be in the classroom? —No
,
she
.
(
6
)
It
be quite cold at night here.
(
7
)
What
he be doing at this time of night?
(
8
)
He
have finished so much work in so short a time.
(
9
)
He
have passed the exam
,
but he was too careless.
can’t
could
can
can
couldn’t
can
can
can’t/couldn’t
could
辨析填空(
can/be able to
)
(
10
)
Will you
come?
(
11
)
The young man
(
not
)
carry the big box.
(
12
)
This time I failed the exam
,
but I’ll
pass the exam next time.
(
13
)
The fire was very big
,
but most people
escape from it.
be able to
can’t
be able to
were able to
单句写作
(
14
)我本来可以借这笔钱给你的。你为什么不向我提出?
________________________________________________
(
15
)我认为他不可能出国了。我刚才还看见他了。
___________________________________________________
(
16
)开车的时候再小心也不过分。
_________________________________________________________________________
I could have lent you the money. Why didn’t you ask me?
I think that he couldn’t/can’t have gone abroad. I saw him just now.
You cannot be too careful while driving a car. = You can’t be careful enough while driving a car.
要点二
may
与
might
的用法
◆用法归纳
may
与
might
的用法
(
1
)表示请求或许可,常译成“可以”。
might
表示请求时语气更加委婉。
用于一般疑问句
;
肯定回答用
may/can ;
否定回答用
mustn’t/can’t May you succeed!
祝你成功!
(
4
)
may have done sth.
可能做了某事
might have done sth.
可能做了某事(对过去事情的推测)
/
本来可能做了某事(虚拟语气)
(
5
)
may/might as well do sth.
不妨做某事
may well do sth.
很可能做某事
辨析填空(
may/might
)
(
1
)
You
keep the book for two weeks.
(
2
)
I wonder if I
speak to your son.
(
3
)
our friendship last forever!
单句写作
(
4
) 昨晚汤姆不在家。他可能去看电影了。
_______________________________________________________________________________
(
5
) 你本来可以给他更多的帮助,尽管你很忙
.
_____________________________________________________________
(
6
)如果情况是那样,我们不妨一试。
__________________________________________________
(
7
)你很可能想知道他是怎样解决这个问题的。
_________________________________________________________________
may
might
May
Last night Tom wasn’t at home. He might have gone to the cinema.
You might/could have given him more help
,
though you were busy.
If that is the case
,
we may as well try.
You may well wonder how he solved the problem.
要点三
must
与
have to
的用法
◆用法归纳
1. must
的用法
(
1
)表示“必须”,否定形式
mustn’t
表示“不准,禁止”。
用于一般疑问句
;
肯定回答用
must
否定回答用
needn’t/don’t have to
(
2
)表示肯定推测,意为“一定,肯定”, 只能用于肯定句中。表推测时
must
的否定形式是
can’t/couldn’t
。
对现在情况的肯定推测:
must+
动词 原形
;
对过去情况的肯定推测:
must+have done
◆比较
must
与
have to
must
强调主观看法 只有一种形式 否定形式表示“禁止”
have to
强调客观需要 有多种时态形式 否定形式表示“不必”
英译汉
(
1
)
You must be home by 11 o’clock. _____________________________
(
2
)
You mustn’t smoke here. _______________________
(
3
)
—Must we finish the work today? _______________________________
—Yes
,
you must./No
,
you needn’t/don’t have to. ________________________________
(
4
)
You mustn’t tell others. _________________
(
5
)
You don’t have to tell others. _____________________
(
6
)
They must be anxious to learn about local customs.
______________________________________
你必须在
11
点之前回家。
你不准在这里吸烟。
我们今天必须完成这项工作吗?
是的,你们必须完成。
/
不,不必。
你不准告诉别人。
你不必告诉别人。
他们一定急于了解当地的风俗习惯。
(
7
)
He is in high spirits. He must have received an award.
__________________________________________
(
8
)
Why must you always interrupt me?
_________________________________
单句写作
(
9
)昨晚你一定睡得很晚,因为你的眼睛通红。
________________________________________________
(
10
)现在他一定在做他的作业。
__________________________________________
他神采飞扬,一定是获奖了。
你为什么非要总是打断我呢?
You must have gone to bed late last night
,
for your eyes are red.
He must be doing his homework now.
要点四
shall
与
should
的用法
◆用法归纳
1. shall
的用法
(
1
)用于第一、三人称的疑问句中,表示征求意见或请求指示。
(
2
)用于第二、三人称的陈述句中,表示 命令、警告、允诺或威胁等。
(
3
)用于第三人称的陈述句,在条约、规 定、法令等文件中表示义务或规定,意为“应该”“必须”。
2. should
的用法
(
1
)表示义务、劝告、建议、命令等,意为“应该”。
(
2
)表示有一定根据的推测,意为“可能, 应该会”。
(
3
)表示说话人的惊讶、愤怒、失望等特 殊情感,意为“竟然”。
◆学法点拨
should have done
表示“本该做某事(而 实际上未做)”
shouldn’t have done
表示“本不该做某 事(而实际上做了)”
英译汉
(
1
)
Shall she go now? ________________________________
(
2
)
He shall do it by himself.
(
3
)
You shall have the book when I finish reading it. ____________________________
(
4
)
You shall fail if you don’t work harder. ____________________________________
(
5
)
He shall be punished sooner or later. _____________________________________
(
6
)
No reader shall remove a book from the library without permission.
_______________________________________________
她现在可以走了吗?(请求指示)
他得自己做。(命令)
这本书我读完就给你。(允诺)
你如果不更加努力工作就会失败。
他迟早要受到惩罚的。(威胁)
未经许可, 读者不准把书带出图书馆。(规定)
(
7
)
It should be a nice day tomorrow.
___________________________________
(
8
)
It’s strange that he should believe the prediction.
_______________________________________
单句写作
(
9
)你本应该请求帮助的。
_______________________________________
(
10
)你本不该把这个消息告诉她。
_______________________________________________
明天应该是个好天气。(推测)
真奇怪,他竟会相信这则预言。(惊讶)
You should have asked for some help.
(劝告)
You shouldn’t have told her the news.
(批评)
要点五
ought to
的用法
◆用法归纳
(
1
)
ought to
是情态动词,没有人称、 数和时态的变化,后接动词原形,用法与
should
基本相同。
(
2
)否定形式:
ought not to do...= oughtn’t to do...
(
3
)一般疑问句:
Ought +
主语
+ to do...?
(
4
)
ought to have done sth.=should have done sth.
过去本应该做某事( 实际上没 有做)
oughtn’t to have done sth.= shouldn’t have done sth.
过去本不该做某事(实际上做了)
单句写作
(
1
)
To be a top student
,
we
(应该)
be strict with ourselves in everything we do.
(
2
)
Once lost in the forest
,
you
( 应该留在)
where you are
,
waiting for help.
(
3
)
—I’ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.
— You
(应该告诉)
her last week.
(
4
)
He looks so upset
;
I
(不应该告诉)
him the bad news so early.
ought to
ought to remain
ought to have told
ought not to have told
要点六
will
与
would
的用法
◆用法归纳
will
与
would
的用法
(
1
)表示请求、建议,用于第二人称的疑 问句中,
would
比
will
的语气更加委婉。
(
2
)表示意志、愿望或决心,意为“将、要”。
will
指现在,
would
指过去。
(
3
)表示一种习惯、倾向或固有性质等, 意为“惯于,总是”。
will
指现在,
would
指过去。
◆词语辨析
would
与
used to
(
1
)
would
强调过去某种特定情况下的 活动,与现在没有联系;
used to
强调过去的习惯性动作或状态, 如今已不存在,与现在形成对比。
(
2
)
would
只表示重复的活动,不表示状 态;
used to
既可表示过去重复的动作,也可表示过去持续的状态。
◆词语辨析
would
与
was/were going to
·would
是
will
的过去式,通常表示过去的意志,“要
……”
。
·was/were going to
(
1
)通常表示即将要做或发生的事,主观 愿望或判断很强烈,“打算
……”
;
(
2
)表示过去本来打算做而没做的事情。
英译汉
(
1
)
Will you hand me that book? _________________________
(
2
)[词汇复现]
Would you please tell me something about local
customs?
_____________________________
(
3
)
I will never do that again. _____________________
(
4
)[词汇复现]
She said she would
keep her word.
___________________________
(
5
)
Oil will float on water. _________________________
(
6
)[词汇复现]
She would spend one hour
dressing up before going out.
___________________________________________
她说她愿意履行她的诺言。
请你告诉我一些当地的风俗好吗?
我再也不会做那种事了。
请你把那本书递给我好吗?
她说她愿意履行她的诺言。
她总是打扮一个小时才出门。
辨析填空(
will/would
)
(
7
)
People
die without air or water.
(
8
)
When we were children
,
we
gather around Grandpa after supper
,
listening to his stories.
(
9
)
you mind my smoking here?
单句写作
(
10
)
He
(总是)
get up at eight when he was on the farm.
(
11
)
People
(以前)
think that the earth is flat.
(
12
)
The baby was born to a poor farmer’s family. Nobody knew he
will
would
Would
would
used to
would become
(成为)
the 21st president of United States of America 40 years later.
(
13
)
She said she
(看望)
me again the next day.
(
14
)
I promised that I
(要尽我所能)
.
(
15
)我本来打算给你打电话,但是我忘了。
_________________________________
would see/was going to see
would do my best
I was going to call you
,
but I forgot.
要点七
had better
最好
◆用法归纳
had better
最好
……
(后接动词原形)
had better not
最好不要
……
(
had better
的否定形式)
’d better
是
had better
的缩略形式
单句写作
(
1
)
(我们最好留在)
in the open when an earthquake happens.
(
2
)
You’d better
(不要搬动家具)
.
We had better stay
not move the furniture
要点八
need
需要
◆用法归纳
(
1
)
need
作为情态动词的特点:无时态、人称的变化,多用于否定句和疑问句。
need
需要,
needn’t
不必。
(
2
)
needn’t have done sth.
原本不必做某事
(
3
)
need
作为实义动词,可以有以下搭配:
need sth.
需要某物
need to do sth.
需要做某事
need doing
(
=need to be done
)需要被
……
( 主动形式表被动意义)
单句写作
(
1
)
My room is a mess
,
but I
(不必打扫)
it before I go out tonight.
(
2
)
Need I come? Yes
,
you
(必须)
./No
,
you
(不必)
.
(
3
)
As you worked late yesterday
,
you
(原本可以不必来)
this morning.
(
4
) 我的车需要洗了。
_____________________________________________
needn’t clean
must
needn’t
needn’t have come
My car needs washing./My car needs to be washed.
要点九
dare
敢
◆用法归纳
(
1
)
dare
作为情态动词,接不带
to
的不定式;多用于条件句、疑问句和否定句中; 意思是“敢,竟敢”。
(
2
)
dare
作为实义动词,有如下搭配:
dare to do sth.
敢于做某事
dare sb. to do sth.
激某人做某事
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