上海市虹口区2020届高三一模考试英语试题 28页

虹口区2019学年第一学期期终学生学习能力诊断测试 高三英语试卷 Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.‎ Innovations that will change the classroom American schools are going high - tech. Many symbols we still associate with classrooms and learning, like chalkboards, pens, notebooks - even classrooms ___1___ --- are quickly becoming outdated.‎ As this week marks The Huffington Post’s 10th anniversary, we’ll take a look at some products that ___2___ (introduce) to classroom in the past decade and have the potential to change the educational landscape in the years ___3___ (come).‎ ‎1. Remote Learning Some schools are cutting down on snow days, thanks to technology. Rather than giving kids the day off ___4___ weather conditions are too dangerous for commuting, these schools are asking students to follow classroom lessons online.‎ Although kids ___5___ (hope) for a snow day may not particularly appreciate these advancements in digital learning, online lessons allow these kids to complete their coursework and still interact with peers. Some students with medical conditions ___6___ “go” to school via video conferencing or even with the help of robots enabled with video chat that they can control remotely.‎ ‎2. eBooks Discovery Education has been replacing traditional textbooks with original “techbooks” for six years. These “techbooks” can also be switched to Spanish or French, Kinney said, ___7___ allows some parents who don’t speak English to help their kids with their homework.‎ ‎3. Educational Games In-class gaming options have evolved to include more educational options. GlassLab creates educational games that are now being used in more than 6,000 classrooms across the country. Teachers get real-time updates on students’ progress as well as suggestions on ___8___ subjects they need to spend more time perfecting.‎ The Internet and other digital tools have some drawbacks. They’re often distracting, ___9___ most developments have exciting implications for the future. Over the last 10 years, technological innovations have made education more interactive, immediate and ___10___ (personalize), -- and have shown us the potential for more accessible and effective classrooms.‎ ‎【答案】1. themselves ‎ ‎2. have been introduced ‎ ‎3. to come 4. when / if ‎ ‎5. hoping 6. can ‎ ‎7. which 8. what ‎ ‎9. but 10. personalized ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了过去十年间一些改变课堂的创新。‎ ‎【1题详解】‎ 考查代词。句意：美国的学校正在向高科技发展，许多我们仍然与教室和学习联系在一起的符号，如黑板、笔、笔记本——甚至教室本身——正在迅速过时。根据句意可知此处指“它们自己”，用反身代词，故填themselves。‎ ‎【2题详解】‎ 考查时态语态。句意：我们来看看过去十年中引入课堂的一些产品，这些产品有可能在未来几年改变教育格局。根据时间状语“in the past decade”可知此处强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响，用现在完成时， that 在定语从句中指代先行词some products，与introduce之间是被动关系，所以用现在完成时的被动语态，some products是复数，谓语动词也用复数形式，故填have been introduced。‎ ‎【3题详解】‎ 考查be to do结构。句意同上。be to do表将来，表示“按计划或安排要做或发生的事”，故填to come。‎ ‎【4题详解】‎ 考查时间/条件状语从句。句意：由于技术的发展，一些学校在雪天减少了教学，如果/当天气状况对上下班来说太危险，这些学校不会给孩子放一天假，而是要求上学习课堂课程。根据句意可知本句可以用if引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”，也可以用when引导时间状语从句，表示“当……的时候”，故填when / if。‎ ‎【5题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管希望雪天到来的孩子可能并不特别欣赏数字化学习的这些进步，但在线课程允许这些孩子完成他们的课程，并且仍然与同龄人互动。kids与hope之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动，用现在分词做后置定语，故填hoping。‎ ‎【6题详解】‎ 考查情态动词。句意：一些有健康问题的学生可以通过视频甚至远程控制的视频聊天机器人来上学。空后是动词原形，此处需要填情态动词，根据句意可知此处表示“能、可以”，故填can。‎ ‎【7题详解】‎ 考查非限定性定语从句。句意：Kinney说，这些科技书籍也可以转换成西班牙语或法语，这使得一些不会说英语的家长可以帮助孩子做作业。此处为非限定性定语从句，关系词指代整个主句内容并在从句中做主语，故填which。‎ ‎【8题详解】‎ 考查宾语从句。句意：教师可以实时了解学生的进步情况，并对他们需要花更多时间完善哪些课程提出建议。此处为宾语从句，从句中的perfecting缺少宾语，故填what。‎ ‎【9题详解】‎ 考查连词。句意：它们往往会分散注意力，但大多数发展对未来都有令人兴奋的影响。根据句意可知前后是转折关系，故填but。‎ ‎【10题详解】‎ 考查形容词。句意：在过去的10年里，技术创新使教育更加互动、即时和个性化，并向我们展示了更方便和有效的教室的潜力。此处为“make+宾语+宾补”结构，此处用形容词与前面的more interactive和immediate并列做宾补，故填personalized。‎ Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.‎ How do Cigarettes Affect the Body?‎ Cigarettes aren’t good for us. But how exactly do cigarettes harm us? Let’s look at what happens as their ingredients make their way through our bodies, and how we benefit ___11___ when we finally give up smoking.‎ Inside the airways and lungs, smoke increases the ___12___ of infections as well as long - lasting diseases. It does this by damaging the tiny hair - like tissues which keep the airways clean. That’s one of the reasons smoking can lead to oxygen loss and ___13___ of breath.‎ Within about 10 seconds, the bloodstream carries a stimulant called nicotine to the brain, creating the ___14___ sensations which make smoking highly addictive. Nicotine and other chemicals from the cigarette, at the same time, cause tightness of blood tubes, restricting blood flow. These effects on blood tubes lead to ___15___ of blood tube walls, increasing the possibility of heart attacks and strokes.‎ Many of the chemicals inside cigarettes can activate dangerous ___16___ in the body’s DNA that make cancers form. In fact, about one of every three cancer deaths in the United States is caused by smoking. And it’s not just lung cancer. Smoking can cause cancer in multiple tissues and organs, as well as damaged eyesight and ___17___ bones. It makes it harder for women to get pregnant. And in men, it can cause long-term damages of body functions.‎ But for those who quit smoking, there’s a huge positive upside with almost ___18___ and long-lasting physical benefits. A day after ceasing, heart attack risk begins to decrease as blood pressure and heart rates ___19___. Lungs become healthier after about one month, with less coughing. After ten years, the chances of developing fatal lung cancer go down by 50%, probably because the body’s ability to repair DNA is once again restored.‎ There’s no point pretending this is all easy to achieve. Quitting can lead to anxiety and depression. But fortunately, such effects are usually ___20___. Advice ‎ and support groups and moderate intensity exercise also help smokers stay cigarette - free. That’s good news, since quitting puts you and your body on the path back to health.‎ ‎【答案】11. G 12. C ‎ ‎13. I 14. A ‎ ‎15. E 16. B ‎ ‎17. K 18. F ‎ ‎19. J 20. H ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了吸烟是如何影响我们的健康的。‎ ‎【11题详解】‎ 考查副词。句意：让我们看看当它们的成分进入我们身体时会发生什么，以及当我们最终戒烟时，我们是如何从身体上受益的。修饰动词benefit用副词，根据“when we finally give up smoking.”可知此处表示“在身体上”，故填G。‎ ‎【12题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：在呼吸道和肺部，烟雾增加了感染和长期疾病的可能性。做动词increases的宾语用名词，根据“of infections as well as long - lasting diseases.”可知此处表示“可能性”，故填C。‎ ‎【13题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：这就是吸烟导致缺氧和呼吸急促的原因之一。做动词短语lead to的宾语用名词，根据“oxygen loss”可知此处表示“呼吸急促”，shortness of breath表示“呼吸急促”，故填I。‎ ‎【14题详解】‎ 考查形容词。句意：在大约10秒钟内，血液中携带一种叫做尼古丁的兴奋剂进入大脑，产生令人愉悦的感觉，使吸烟非常上瘾。修饰名词sensations用形容词，根据“which make smoking highly addictive”可知此处表示“令人愉悦的”，故填A。‎ ‎【15题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：这些对血管的影响会导致血管壁增厚，增加心脏病发作和中风的可能性。做动词短语lead to的宾语用名词，根据“of blood tube walls, increasing the possibility of heart attacks and strokes.”可知此处表示“增厚”，故填E。‎ ‎【16题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：香烟中的许多化学物质会激活人体DNA的危险变化，从而导致癌症的形成。做动词activate的宾语用名词，根据“in the body’s DNA that make cancers form”可知此处表示“变化”，故填B。‎ ‎【17题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。句意：吸烟会导致多种组织和器官的癌症，以及视力受损和骨骼衰弱。分析句子结构并结合句意可知此处需要用非谓语动词做定语修饰名词bones，根据“damaged eyesight”可知此处表示“削弱的”，bones与weaken之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被动，用过去分词做定语，故填K。‎ ‎18题详解】‎ 考查形容词。句意：但对于那些戒烟的人来说，这是一个巨大的、积极的方面，几乎可以立竿见影地长期受益。修饰名词physical benefits用形容词，根据空后说的戒烟一天后血压和心率开始恢复正常可知此处表示“立即的”，故填F。‎ ‎【19题详解】‎ 考查动词。句意：戒烟一天后，随着血压和心率恢复正常，心脏病发作的风险开始降低。此处缺少动词做谓语，根据“heart attack risk begins to decrease”可知此处表示“恢复正常”，故填J。‎ ‎【20题详解】‎ 考查形容词。句意：但幸运的是，这种影响通常是暂时的。此处缺少形容词做表语，空前说戒烟会导致焦虑和抑郁，再根据“But fortunately”可知此处表示“暂时的”，故填H。‎ Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.‎ Amazon.com Inc. is checking out of China’s fiercely competitive domestic e-commerce market. The company told sellers on Thursday that it would no longer ___21___ its third - party online marketplace or provide seller services on its Chinese website, Amazon.cn. ____22____,domestic companies will no longer be able to sell products to Chinese consumers on its e-commerce platform.‎ The decision marks an end to a long ____23____ by America’s e-commerce giants in the Chinese market. The firms entered the Chinese market with great attention in the early 2000s, only to ____24____ in the face of competition from China’s faster - moving Internet giants.‎ Amazon has been in talks to ____25____ its e-commerce business for goods imported into China with a Chinese competitor, NetEase Inc.’s Kaola, in a stock - for - stock transaction（交易）, according to a person familiar with the matter. That would remove the Amazon name from ____26____ e-commerce in China. Neither company would confirm the progress or details of those ____27____, nor would they say if they are continuing.‎ In a written statement, Amazon said it remained ____28____ to China through its global stores, Kindle businesses and web services. Amazon China’s president would leave to take on another role within the company, the company said. The China consumer - business team will report ____29____ to the company’s global team.‎ When Amazon first entered China in 2004 with the ____30____ of Joyo.com, it was the largest online seller for books, music and video there. Most Chinese consumers were using cash - on - delivery as their to form of ____31____. Today, Amazon China chiefly caters to customers looking for imported international goods such as cosmetics and milk powder and is a(n) ____32____ player in the booming Chinese e-commerce market.‎ Amazon China commanded just 6% of gross market volume in the niche（细分的）cross - border e-commerce market in the fourth quarter of 2018, versus NetEase Kaola’s 25% ____33____ and the 32% held by Alibaba Group Holding Ltd.’s Tmall International Chinese consumers are becoming more fascinated with ____34____ brands. In 2011, 85% of Chinese consumers said they would always buy a foreign brand over a domestic one. By 2016, 60% of respondents said they preferred domestic over foreign brands. Shaun Rein, China Market research’s founder, said American e-commerce giants ____35____ obstacles in China because they didn’t offered the products or user experience that consumers were looking for.‎ ‎21. A. assist B. expand C. operate D. tailor ‎22. A. As a result B. By contrast C. For example D. In addition ‎23. A. criticism B. negotiation C. struggle D. resolution ‎24. A. interact B. withdraw C. split D. survive ‎25 A. associate B. combine C. exchange D. supply ‎26. A. time - consuming B. long - suffering C. ever - lasting D. consumer - facing ‎27. A. talks B. businesses C. competitions D. instructions ‎28. A. related B. accustomed C. exposed D. committed ‎29. A. automatically B. directly C. regularly D. secretly ‎30. A. breakdown B. improvement C. purchase D. participation ‎31. A. refund B. payment C. sponsorship D. trade ‎32. A. complicated B. critical C. original D. insignificant ‎33. A. share B. budget C. volume D. maximum ‎34. A. foreign B. luxurious C. domestic D. fashionable ‎35. A. dealt with B. forgot about C. got through D. came across ‎【答案】21. C 22. A 23. C 24. B 25. B 26. D 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. C 31. B 32. D 33. A 34. C 35. D ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了美国电子商务巨头亚马逊在蓬勃发展的中国电子商务市场上吃瘪，决定退出竞争激烈的中国市场。‎ ‎【21题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：该公司周四告诉卖家，将不再运营其第三方在线市场，也不再在其中国网站Amazon.cn上提供卖家服务。A. assist援助；B. expand扩张；C. operate运营、操作；D. tailor订做。空前说亚马逊正在退出竞争激烈的中国市场，因此它告诉卖家将不再运营第三方在线市场，故C项正确。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 考查介词短语辨析。句意：因此，国内企业将无法再通过其电子商务平台向中国消费者销售产品。A. As a result因此；B. By contrast相比之下；C. For example例如；D. In addition此外。由于亚马逊宣布不再运营其第三方在线市场，也不再在其中国网站Amazon.cn上提供卖家服务，因此国内企业将无法再通过其电子商务平台向中国消费者销售产品，故A项正确。‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这一决定标志着美国电子商务巨头在中国市场长期斗争的结束。A. criticism批评；B. negotiation谈判；C. struggle斗争；D. resolution解决。亚马逊退出竞争激烈的中国市场自然是标志着它在中国市场长期斗争的结束，故C项正确。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些公司在21世纪初以极大的关注进入中国市场，但在面对中国行动迅猛的互联网巨头的竞争时却退出了（败下阵来）。A. interact相互作用；B. withdraw退出；C. split离开；D. survive幸存。上文说亚马逊正在退出竞争激烈的中国市场，因此此处指“退出”，故B项正确。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：据一位知情人士透露，亚马逊一直在与中国竞争对手网易旗下的考拉海购进行商谈，希望将其进口中国商品的电子商务业务与之合并，进行以股换股交易。‎ A. associate联系；B. combine联合、合并；C. exchange交换；D. supply供应。根据空后的“its e-commerce business for goods imported into China with a Chinese competitor, NetEase Inc.’s Kaola, in a stock - for - stock transaction”可知，亚马逊与竞争对手网易旗下的考拉海购进行商谈，希望将其进口中国商品的电子商务业务与之合并，进行以股换股交易，故B项正确。‎ ‎【26题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这将使亚马逊这个名字从中国面向消费者的电子商务中消失。A. time – consuming耗费时间的；B. long – suffering坚忍的；C. ever – lasting永恒的；D. consumer – facing面向消费者的。根据常识可知，像亚马逊和考拉海购这样的电子商务平台都是面向消费者的，故D项正确。‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：两家公司都不愿证实谈判的进展或细节，也不愿透露谈判是否继续。A. talks谈话、谈判；B. businesses生意；C. competitions竞争；D. instructions指令。根据上文中的“Amazon has been in talks to”可知此处指“谈判”，故A项正确。‎ ‎【28题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：亚马逊在一份书面声明中表示，将继续通过其全球商店、电子书业务和网络服务致力于中国市场。A. related相关；B. accustomed习惯于；C. exposed 接触、暴露于；D. committed致力于。根据空后的“to China through its global stores, Kindle businesses and web services.”可知，虽然决定不再运营第三方在线市场，但亚马逊将继续通过其全球商店、电子书业务和网络服务致力于中国市场，故D项正确。‎ ‎【29题详解】‎ 考查副词词义辨析。句意：中国消费者业务团队将直接向公司的全球团队汇报。A. automatically自动地；B. directly直接地；C. regularly定期地；D. secretly秘密地。空前说亚马逊表示，中国总裁将离职，因此中国消费者业务团队将不用通过总裁而直接向公司汇报工作，故B项正确。‎ ‎【30题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：2004年，亚马逊首次进入中国，收购了卓越网，成为中国最大的在线图书、音乐和视频销售商。A. breakdown分解；B. improvement改善；C. purchase购买、收购；D. participation参与。根据空后的“of Joyo.com, it was the largest online seller for books, music and video there.”可知，通过收购卓越网，亚马逊在当时成为了中国最大的在线图书、音乐和视频销售商，故C项正确。‎ ‎【31题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：大多数中国消费者使用货到付款的支付方式。A. refund退款；B. payment支付、付款；C. sponsorship赞助；D. trade交易。根据空前的“using cash - on - delivery”可知此处指“货到付款的支付方式”，故B项正确。‎ ‎【32题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如今，“亚马逊中国”主要面向的是那些希望购买化妆品和奶粉等进口国际商品的客户，在蓬勃发展的中国电子商务市场上扮演的角色无足轻重。A. complicated复杂的；B. critical批评的；C. original最初的；D. insignificant无关紧要的。根据空后的“player in the booming Chinese e-commerce ‎ market.”可知，中国的电子商务市场蓬勃发展，“亚马逊中国”的作用变得无足轻重了，故D项正确。‎ ‎【33题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：2018年第四季度，亚马逊中国在跨境电商市场的份额仅为6%，而网易考拉海购和阿里巴巴集团旗下天猫国际的份额分别为25%和32%。A. share份额；B. budget预算；C. volume音量；D. maximum最大量。根据空前的百分比可知此处指“份额”，故A项正确。‎ ‎【34题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：中国消费者对国产品牌越来越着迷。A. foreign外国的；B. luxurious奢华的；C. domestic国内的；D. fashionable时尚的。空后说2011年，85%的中国消费者表示，他们总是会购买外国品牌而不是国内品牌，到2016年，60%的受访者表示，他们更喜欢国内品牌，而不是国外品牌，这说明中国消费者越来越青睐国产品牌，故C项正确。‎ ‎【35题详解】‎ 考查动词短语辨析。句意：中国市场研究公司创始人肖恩雷表示，美国电子商务巨头在中国遇到障碍，是因为他们没有提供消费者所期待的产品或用户体验。A. dealt with处理；B. forgot about忘记；C. got through熬过；D. came across遇到。上文说亚马逊正在退出竞争激烈的中国市场，这说明它在中国市场吃瘪，遇到了障碍，故D项正确。‎ ‎【点睛】本篇第14空难度较大，抓住空后介绍的消费者态度的转变是关键，根据空后的“In 2011, 85% of Chinese consumers said they would always buy a foreign brand over a domestic one. By 2016, 60% of respondents said they preferred domestic over foreign brands.”可知，2011年，85%的中国消费者表示，他们总是会购买外国品牌而不是国内品牌，到2016年，60%的受访者表示，他们更喜欢国内品牌，而不是国外品牌，这一数据变化表明中国消费者越来越青睐国产品牌，故C项（domestic）正确。‎ Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. English passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.‎ ‎(A)‎ People worry that developments in Artificial Intelligence, or A.I., will bring ‎ about a point in history when A. I. overtakes human intelligence, leading to an unimaginable revolution in human affairs. Or they wonder whether instead of our controlling artificial intelligence, it will control us.‎ The situation may not arise for hundreds of years to come, but this doesn’t mean we have nothing to worry about. On the contrary, The A. I. products that now exist are improving faster than most people realize and promise to fundamentally transform our world, not always for the better. They are only tools, not a competing form of intelligence. But they will reshape what work means and how wealth is created.‎ Unlike the Industrial Revolution and the Computer Revolution, the A. I. revolution is not taking certain jobs and replacing them with other jobs. Instead, it is believed to cause a wide - scale elimination of jobs -- mostly lower - paying jobs, but some higher - paying ones, too.‎ This transformation will result in enormous profits for the companies that develop A.I., as well as for the companies that adopt it. We are thus facing two developments that do not sit easily together; enormous wealth concentrated in relatively few hands and enormous numbers of people out of work. What is to be done?‎ Part of the answer will involve educating or retraining people in tasks A.I. tools aren’t good at. Artificial intelligence is poorly suited for jobs involving creativity, planning and “cross - field” thinking. But these skills are typically required by high - paying jobs that may be hard to retrain displaced workers to do. More promising are lower - paying jobs involving the “people skills” that A.I. lacks: social workers, barmen, doormen -- professions requiring human interaction. But how many barmen does a society really need?‎ The solution to the problem of mass unemployment will involve “service jobs of love.” These are jobs that A. I. cannot do, that society needs and that give people a sense of purpose. Examples include accompanying an older person to visit a doctor, helping at an orphanage and serving as a sponsor at charity organization. The volunteer service jobs of today, in other words, may turn into the real jobs of the future.‎ Other volunteer jobs may be higher - paying and professional, such as compassionate medial service providers. In all cases, people will be able to choose ‎ to work fewer hours than they do now.‎ ‎36. In what aspect is the A. I. revolution different from the Industrial or the Computer revolution?‎ A. The A.I. revolution will finally become one beyond human’s control.‎ B. A. I. is believed to lead to a point in history when it takes over human intelligence.‎ C. Higher - paying jobs will take the place of lower-paying ones in the A.I. revolution.‎ D. It may bring about mass unemployment to matter how much employees are paid.‎ ‎37. The underlined word “promising” in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to _______.‎ A. promotional B. demanding C. guaranteed D. potential ‎38. What does the author suggest in the face of the A.I. revolution?‎ A. It is sensible to encourage people to take volunteer jobs.‎ B. People should be instructed to do less demanding jobs.‎ C. The problem of job loss can be solved by creating lower-paying jobs.‎ D. Jobs requiring knowledge in different fields are suitable for displaced workers.‎ ‎39. Which of the following may serve as the best title of the passage?‎ A. The A.I. Revolution Creates New Job Opportunities.‎ B. Challenges the A. I. Revolution Brings to Job Market.‎ C. A Double - edged Sword: the A.I. Revolution.‎ D. Interrelationship between A.I. and Unemployment.‎ ‎【答案】36. D 37. D 38. A 39. B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人工智能革命给就业市场带来的挑战以及应对办法。‎ ‎36题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Instead, it is believed to cause a wide - scale elimination of jobs -- mostly lower - paying jobs, but some higher - paying ones, too.”可知，与工业革命和计算机革命不同的是，人工智能革命被认为会导致大规模的失业——大部分是低收入的工作，但也有一些高收入的工作，故D项正确。‎ ‎【37题详解】‎ 词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“Part of the answer will involve educating or retraining people in tasks A.I. tools aren’t good at. Artificial intelligence is poorly suited for jobs involving creativity, planning and “cross - field” thinking. But these skills are typically required by high - paying jobs that may be hard to retrain displaced workers to do.”可知，部分答案将涉及到在人工智能工具不擅长的任务中对人们进行教育或再培训，人工智能不适合从事创造性、计划性和“跨领域”思维的工作。但这些技能通常是高薪工作所需要的，而这些工作可能很难再培训失业工人，因此此处是说更有可能的是薪水较低的工作，包括A.I.缺乏的“人际交往技能”：社会工作者、酒吧招待、门卫——需要人际交往的职业，由此可知画线词词义为“可能的”，故D项正确。‎ ‎【38题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“The solution to the problem of mass unemployment will involve “service jobs of love.””可知，解决大规模失业问题的办法将涉及“爱的服务性工作”，再结合本段最后一句“The volunteer service jobs of today, in other words, may turn into the real jobs of the future.”可知，换言之，今天的志愿服务工作可能会变成未来真正的工作，由此可知，面对人工智能革命，作者认为鼓励人们从事志愿工作是明智的，故A项正确。‎ ‎【39题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第四段中的“We are thus facing two developments that do not sit easily together; enormous wealth concentrated in relatively few hands and enormous numbers of people out of work. What is to be done?”可知，本文主要介绍了人工智能革命给就业市场带来的挑战以及应对办法，故B项正确。‎ ‎【点睛】本篇第2题词义猜测题难度较大，抓住画线词上下文两种工作的对比关系是关键，根据画线词前的“Part of the answer will involve educating or retraining people in tasks A.I. tools aren’t good at. Artificial intelligence is poorly suited for jobs involving creativity, planning and “cross - field” thinking. But these skills are typically required by high - paying jobs that may be hard to retrain displaced workers to ‎ do.”可知，部分答案将涉及到在人工智能工具不擅长的任务中对人们进行教育或再培训，人工智能不适合从事创造性、计划性和“跨领域”思维的工作，但这些技能通常是高薪工作所需要的，而这些工作可能很难再培训失业工人，因此此处是说与这些很难再培训失业工人的高薪工作相比，更有可能的是薪水较低的工作，包括A.I.缺乏的“人际交往技能”：社会工作者、酒吧招待、门卫——需要人际交往的职业，由此可知画线词词义为“可能的”。‎ ‎(B)‎ Advanced Rechargeable Digital Hearing Aid Technology Only $229!‎ The new Advanced HearClear HCR3 rechargeable hearing and combines advanced technology with a low price to provide you with outstanding value.‎ ‎5 star Reviews!☆☆☆☆☆‎ Outstanding Product! “This product is outstanding. Dad loves it, my mom loves it, and I am grateful! Don’t believe that you have to spend a lot of money to get a quality hearing aid” -- Gilmore B.‎ HCR3 Features!‎ New Advanced Third Generation American Technology Easy ON / OFF Button Automatic Noise Reduction and Feedback Cancellation ‎100% Money Back Guarantee Even Better In Pairs!‎ Your brain is designed to use both ears working together. In fact, studies show that you may be able to hear up to 3 times better in noisy situations when using two hearing aids. Buy a pair for the best results and maximum savings!‎ Simple. Affordable. Rechargeable Digital Hearing Aid - For Only $229!‎ The new HearClear HCR3 Rechargeable Digital Hearing Aids features advanced third generation digital technology at an unbelievably affordable Pride! The HCR3 is packed with the same key technologies that all high end digital hearing aids share while leaving out the extra bells and whistles that increase cost and require expensive adjustments. This helps you hear better, while saving you lot of money.‎ Your new HearClear HCR3 hearing aids work at a fraction of the cost of name - brand hearing aids, and you won’t have to keep changing the batteries! You will love the comfortable and lightweight Open - fit design. The HCR3 is pre-programmed for most moderate to significant hearing losses, so you won’t need professional appointments to make costly adjustments. It is shipped directly to you and will help ‎ you hear better right out of the box!‎ You can spend thousands for an expensive hearing aid, or you can spend just $249 for hearing aid that is great for most hearing losses (only $229 each when you buy a pair). We are so sure you will love your hearing aids that we offer a 100% Money Back Guarantee - Risk Free if you are not satisfied for any reason.‎ ‎40. How much will you pay if you want to buy a pair of HCR3 hearing aids?‎ A. $229. B. $249‎ C. $458 D. $498‎ ‎41 Which of the following features can be added to the section “HCR3 Features”?‎ ‎① Built - in programs for different listening situations.‎ ‎② Easy access to changing batteries.‎ ‎③ Digital sound processing chip.‎ ‎④ Simple adjustments without professional help.‎ A. ①③ B. ①③④‎ C. ②③④ D. ①②③‎ ‎42. One reason why buying a pair of hearing aids is recommended is that _________.‎ A. the HCR3 guarantees 100% refund if bought in pairs B. it will save consumers up to $20 for a pair of hearing aids C. humans are pre - programmed to better hear with two ears D. people can hear triple better in various situation with two hearing aids ‎【答案】40. C 41. B 42. C ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇应用文，介绍了HCR3助听器的相关信息。‎ ‎【40题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“(only $229 each when you buy a pair).”可知，成对购买的话每个229美元，因此如果你想买一对HCR3助听器，你要付458（229×2）美元，故C项正确。‎ ‎【41题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“The HCR3 is packed with the same key technologies ‎ that all high end digital hearing aids share”可知，HCR3配备了所有高端数字助听器共享的关键技术，再根据倒数第二段中的“you won’t have to keep changing the batteries! ”及“The HCR3 is pre-programmed for most moderate to significant hearing losses, so you won’t need professional appointments to make costly adjustments.”可知，你不必一直更换电池，而且HCR3是为大多数中度至重度听力损失预先编程的，因此您不需要专业的预约来进行昂贵的调整，因此这款助听器的特征包括有适合不同的听力情况的内置程序、数字声音处理芯片以及无需专业帮助的简单调整，而不包括易于更换电池，故B项正确。‎ ‎【42题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据Even Better In Pairs!部分的一段中的“Your brain is designed to use both ears working together. In fact, studies show that you may be able to hear up to 3 times better in noisy situations when using two hearing aids.”可知，你的大脑被设计成两只耳朵一起工作。事实上，研究表明，两只耳朵一起使用助听器时，在嘈杂的环境中，你的听力可能会提高三倍，由此可知，人类用两只耳朵听得效果更好是作者推荐买一对助听器的原因之一，故C项正确。‎ ‎(C)‎ For several decades, there has been an extensive and organized campaign intended to generate distrust in science, funded by regulated industries and libertarian think tanks（自由主义智囊团）whose interests and beliefs are threatened by the findings of modern science. In response, scientists have tended to stress the success of science. After all, scientists have been right about most things, from the structure of the universe to the relativity of time and space.‎ Quoting successes isn’t wrong, but for many people it’s not persuasive. What is typically declared to be the scientific method -- develop a supposition, then design an experiment to test it -- isn’t what scientists actually do. Science is active so that new methods get invented and old ones get abandoned. The scientific method doesn’t always work. False theories can produce true results, so even if an experiment works, it doesn’t prove that the theory it was designed to test it true.‎ If there is no identifiable scientific method then what is the guarantee for trust in science?‎ The answer is the methods by which those claims are evaluated. A scientific claim is never accepted as true until it has gone through a long process of examination by fellow scientists. Until this point, scientific feedback is typically fairly friendly. But the next step is different: once the paper is ready, it is presented to a scientific journal, where things get a whole lot tougher. Editors deliberately send scientific papers to people who are not friends or colleagues of the authors, and the job of the reviewer is to find errors or other inadequacies. We call this process “peer review” because the reviewers are scientific peers but they act in the role of a superior who has both the right and the obligation to find fault. It is only after the reviewers and the editor are satisfied that any problems have been fixed that the paper is accepted for publication and enters the body of “science.”‎ Does this process ever go wrong? Of course. Scientists are human. But if we look carefully at historical cases where science went wrong, typically there was no agreement reached by all. Some people argue that we should not trust science because scientists are “always changing their minds.” While examples of truly settled science being overturned are far fewer than is sometimes claimed, they do exist. But the beauty of this scientific process is that it explains what might otherwise appear paradoxical（矛盾的）: that science produces both novelty（新颖性）and stability. New observations, ideas, interpretations introduce novelty: trans-formative questioning leads to collective decisions and the stability of scientific knowledge. Scientists do change their minds in the face of new evidence, but this is a strength of science, not a weakness.‎ ‎43. Distrust in science has been found because _________.‎ A. scientists’ citing successes isn’t persuasive for many people to some extent B. most scientists have tended to lay too much emphasis on the success of science C. a wide - ranging and organized campaign has been founded in some industries and think tanks D. someone’s benefits and beliefs are endangered by the findings of modern science ‎44. Which of the following statements will the author agree with about a scientific method?‎ A. A scientific method doesn’t necessarily take effect because science is changing.‎ B. A scientific method is not right because it isn’t what scientists actually do.‎ C. A successful experiment can guarantee the truthfulness of a claim by a scientific method.‎ D. True theories can produce false results because the scientific method doesn’t work.‎ ‎45. What purpose does “peer review” in evaluating a scientific claim mainly serve?‎ A. The scientific claim can be completely accepted by the reviewers in the same field.‎ B. The scientific peers can draw right conclusions by finding its faults or other inadequacies.‎ C. The scientific claim can be published and recognized as true in science.‎ D. The scientific paper can be successfully submitted to a scientific journal.‎ ‎46. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that _________.‎ A. Not all the claims about the falsehood of well-established science lead to its being overturned B. It is inevitable that science sometimes goes wrong because it appears paradoxical C. The beauty of science lies in the paradox of being both novel and stable D. Science is not trustful because scientists always change their minds.‎ ‎【答案】43. D 44. A 45. C 46. A ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人们对科学的两种观点，即：相信科学和不信任科学。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“For several decades, there has been an extensive and organized campaign intended to generate distrust in science, funded by regulated industries and libertarian think tanks whose interests and beliefs are threatened by the findings of modern science.”可知，几十年来，有一个广泛的、有组织的运动，目的是产生对科学的不信任，由受管制的行业和自由主义智囊团资助，他们的利益和信仰受到现代科学发现的威胁，由此可知，人们发现对科学的不信任是因为某些人的利益和信仰受到现代科学发现的威胁，故D项正确。‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Science is active so that new methods get invented and old ones get abandoned. The scientific method doesn’t always work.”可知，科学是活跃的，新方法被发明，旧方法被抛弃，所以科学的方法并不总是有效的，由此可知，作者可能会同意“科学方法不一定有效，因为科学正在发生变化”这一说法，故A项正确。‎ ‎【45题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“We call this process peer review because the reviewers are scientific peers but they act in the role of a superior who has both the right and the obligation to find fault. It is only after the reviewers and the editor are satisfied that any problems have been fixed that the paper is accepted for publication and enters the body of science.”可知，我们称这个过程为同行评审，因为评审人员是科学上的同行，但是他们扮演着上级的角色，有权利也有义务找出错误，只有在审稿人和编辑满意之后，任何问题都得到了解决，论文才会被接受发表并进入科学领域，由此可知，在评估一项科学声明时，同行评审的主要目的是这一科学论断可以在科学领域上发表并被认为是正确的，故C项正确。‎ ‎【46题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“While examples of truly settled science being overturned are far fewer than is sometimes claimed, they do exist.”可知，虽然真正解决的科学被推翻的例子比有时声称的要少得多，但它们确实存在，由此可知，并非所有关于公认科学的谬误的说法都会导致它被推翻，故A项正确。‎ Section C Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.‎ Is Multitasking Always Good?‎ Not only do smart-phones provide unrestricted access to information, they provide perfect opportunities to multitask. Any activity can be accompanied by music, selfies or social media updates. Of course, some people pick poor times to tweet or text, and lawmakers have steeped in. ___47___ In Honolulu, it’s illegal to text or even look at your phone while crossing the street, and in the Netherlands they’ve banned texting while biking.‎ ‎___48___ You need to self-regulate. Understanding how the brain multitasks and why we find multitasking so appealing will help you realize the danger or pulling out your phone.‎ Multitasking feels like doing two things at the same time, so it seems the danger lies in asking one mental process to do two unrelated things -- for texting drivers, watching the screen and the road.‎ Twenty states have instituted bans on driving using a hand - held phone while still allowing hands - free calls. Yet hands - free or hand - held makes no difference. ___49___ The real problem is the switch of attention between the conversation and road, and that affects performance.‎ Please sense this, and when on the phone they drive slower and increase their following distance, but they are far too confident that these measures reduce risks. This overconfidence extends to other activities. A 2015 survey showed that a majority of students who use social media, text or watch TV while studying think that they can still comprehend the material they’re studying.‎ People multitask merely because they see no harm in it; they see benefits. ____50____ Most people will still choose to multitask. But they should, at the very least , be fully aware of how that choice affects them and the potential consequences for themselves and others. They need to pay attention to how much -- or how little -- they are paying attention.‎ A. But legislation（法律）won’t ban all situations in which multitasking is unwise.‎ B. They multitask for efficiency, to fight boredom or to keep up with social media.‎ C. Forty - eight states have banned texting while driving.‎ D. However, texting while biking seems so undemanding as to be harmless.‎ E. They damage driving equivalently as far as external dangers go.‎ F. Instead of multitasking, they take more rest breaks and get a social media fix during a break.‎ ‎【答案】47. C 48. A 49. E 50. B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了开车时一心多用的危害是很大的。‎ ‎【47题详解】‎ 空后说在檀香山，过马路时发短信甚至看手机都是违法的，在荷兰，他们禁止骑车时发短信，因此此处应该会提到禁止在驾车或骑车时使用手机的情况，故C项（48个州禁止开车时发短信）符合语境。‎ ‎【48题详解】‎ 空后说你需要自我调节，了解大脑一心多用的方式以及为什么我们发现一心多用如此吸引人，这将有助于你意识到危险或拿出手机，因此此处是说要想避免一心多用，不能只靠法律的约束，故A项（但立法不会禁止所有不明智的一心多用的情况）符合语境。‎ ‎【49题详解】‎ 空前说20个州已经禁止使用手持电话驾驶，同时仍然允许使用免提电话，不过，免提或手持也没什么区别，因此此处是说免提电话也会对驾驶造成危害，故E项（它们对驾驶造成的危害是相当大的）符合语境。‎ ‎【50题详解】‎ 空前说人们一心多用是因为他们认为这样做没有害处，他们只看到了好处，此处应该会提到一心多用给他们带来了哪些好处，故B项（他们一心多用是为了提高效率，对抗无聊，或是跟上社交媒体的步伐）符合语境。‎ ‎【点睛】在六选四的解题过程中，空处与上下文之间的举例证明或解释说明的关系往往是重要线索，例如本篇第4题，根据空前的“People multitask merely because they see no harm in it; they see benefits.”可知，人们一心多用只是因为他们认为这样做没有害处，他们只是看到了好处，此处应该会举例说明一心多用给他们带来了哪些好处，故B项（他们一心多用是为了提高效率，对抗无聊，或是跟上社交媒体的步伐）符合语境。‎ Ⅳ. Summary Writing ‎51.Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.‎ The Zeigarnik Effect Have you ever found yourself thinking about a partially finished project for school or work when you were trying to focus on other things? Or perhaps you wondered what would happen next in your favorite TV show or film series. If you have, you’ve ‎ experienced the Zeigarnik effect. You tend to remember unfinished tasks better than finished tasks. Knowledge of the Zeigarnik effect can be put into use in everyday life.‎ The effect is especially well suited for helping overcome procrastination or delaying an action to a later time. We often put off big tasks that seem overwhelming. However, the Zeigarnik effect suggests that the key to overcoming procrastination is to just get started. The first step could be something small and seemingly insignificant. In fact, it’s probably best if it’s something fairly easy.‎ The Zeigarnik effect can be useful for students who are studying for an exam. The effect tells us that breaking up study periods can actually improve recall. So instead of cramming for an exam all in one sitting, breaks should be scheduled in which the student focuses on something else. This will cause intrusive（侵入的）thoughts, enabling students to rehearse and consolidate the information that must be remembered, leading to better recall when they take the exam.‎ The Zeigarnik effect also points to reasons why people may experience mental health problems. If an individual leaves important tasks incomplete, the intrusive thoughts that result can lead to stress, anxiety, difficulty sleeping, and emotional distress. Conversely, completing a task can give an individual a sense of accomplishment and lead to a feeling of closure that can improve psychological well - being.‎ The Zeigarnik effect can actually be used to positively impact your work productivity.‎ ‎【答案】The Zeigarnik effect, the tendency to remember incomplete tasks better than complete ones, is useful in daily life. Firstly, it can keep people from putting off things when they start with a small step. Besides, it encourages breaks in students’ study, thus improving recall in exams. Thirdly, it promotes mental health by providing the motivation needed to finish tasks.‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本篇书面表达是概要写作，要求概括蔡加尼克效应在日常生活中很有用。首先，它可以让人们在开始做一件小事的时候不拖延；此外，它还鼓励学生在学习时休息，从而提高考试时的记忆力；最后，它能够通过提供完成任务所需的动机来促进心理健康，注意词数要求和使用自己的语言。‎ ‎【详解】1、写之前，需要认真仔细地读几遍原文材料，让理解更深刻。‎ ‎2、遵循原文的逻辑顺序，对重要部分的主题、标题、细节进行概括，全面清晰地表明原文信息。‎ ‎3、给摘要起一个好标题，比如：可以采用文中的主题句。‎ ‎4、尽量使用自己的话完成，不要引用原文的句子，篇幅控制在原文的三分之一或四分之一长。‎ Ⅴ. Translation Directions: Translation the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.‎ ‎52. 导游让游客相信不少欧洲小镇确实值得看一看。(convince)‎ ‎53. 如果你不清楚如何进行生活垃圾分类，不妨登录相关网站进行查询。(sort)‎ ‎54. 这部新上映的电影刻画的是生活中最微不足道的小事会如何影响我们的人生轨迹。(feature)‎ ‎55. 正因为大量健身步道的投入使用，越来越多的上海市民开始了定期户外锻炼，“每天一万步”一成为都市新风尚。(It)‎ ‎【答案】52. The tour guide convinced the tourists that many / quite a few European towns / towns in Europe were really / definitely / indeed / well worth seeing / visiting / a visit. ‎ ‎53. If you don’t know how to sort the household wastes / trash / rubbish, you’d better/ might as well consult / refer to / make inquiries / inquire about them on a relevant website. (If you don’t know: you’d better / might as well) ‎ ‎54. The / This newly - released movie features how the tiniest incidents in our life can have an impact / effect on what our life will be like / the course of our life. ‎ ‎55. It is because a large number of fitness / jogging / hiking trails have been put into use that more and more Shanghai citizens get / become engaged in / take (up) / do / take part in regular outdoor exercise / regular exercise outdoors and 10,000 steps a day has become a new urban trend / fashion.‎ ‎【解析】‎ 本题考查翻译句子，注意使用括号内的提示词进行翻译。‎ ‎【52题详解】‎ 考查固定句式和固定短语。convince sb that表示…“使某人相信……”，be worth doing/n表示“值得”，语境表明事情发生在过去，应该用一般过去时，故翻译为：The tour guide convinced the tourists that many / quite a few European towns / towns in Europe were really / definitely / indeed / well worth seeing / visiting / a visit.‎ ‎【53题详解】‎ 考查条件状语从句和宾语从句。根据句意可知本句用if引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”，同时又包含一个宾语从句，用疑问词+to do做动词know的宾语，表示“如何……”，might as well…表示“不妨”，故翻译为：If you don’t know how to sort the household wastes / trash / rubbish, you’d better/ might as well consult / refer to / make inquiries / inquire about them on a relevant website. (If you don’t know: you’d better / might as well)‎ ‎【54题详解】‎ 考查宾语从句。根据句意可知，本句用how引导宾语从句，在句中做方式状语，陈述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，The / This newly - released movie features how the tiniest incidents in our life can have an impact / effect on what our life will be like / the course of our life.‎ ‎【55题详解】‎ 考查强调句型。根据提示词可知本句使用强调句型，其基本结构为：it is+被强调部分+that+其余部分，本剧强调的是原因状语，陈述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，故翻译为：It is because a large number of fitness / jogging / hiking trails have been put into use that more and more Shanghai citizens get / become engaged in / take (up) / do / take part in regular outdoor exercise / regular exercise outdoors and 10,000 steps a day has become a new urban trend / fashion.‎ Ⅵ. Guided Writing ‎56.Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.‎ 手机给现代人的生活带来了很多便利，甚至改变了人们的日常生活方式。人们常常会在手机上下载一些常用的应用程序(app)。你平时使用较多的是哪一类应用程序呢？请你向同学们推荐一款应用程序，并阐述理由。‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【答案】As we all know, mobile phones have brought a lot of convenience to modern people's life, even changed people's daily lifestyle. People often download some common apps on mobile phones, such as some extremely game and small video apps.‎ But I think, apps should not be used merely for the sake of entertainment, for our students, they should be a kind of learning tool, As for me, I regularly use an app called sinology hall, where I can not only enjoy the appreciation of classic poetry, but also learn a lot from ancient sages’ moving deeds. I think it is an app which not only broadens my horizons, but also cultivates my patriotism.‎ In view of the reasons above, I strongly recommend this app to all of you.‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本篇书面表达是提纲类作文，要求推荐一款应用程序。‎ ‎【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，本文要求推荐一款应用程序：手机给现代人的生活带来了很多便利，甚至改变了人们的日常生活方式。人们常常会在手机上下载一些常用的应用程序(app)。你平时使用较多的是哪一类应用程序呢？请你向同学们推荐一款应用程序，并阐述理由，时态应为一般现在时。‎ 第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如； entertainment（娱乐），convenience（便利）， classic poetry（古诗词），appreciation（鉴赏）， sinology（国学），recommend (推荐)，download（下载）及patriotism（家国情怀）等。‎ 第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。‎ 第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持卷面的整洁美观。‎ ‎【点睛】范文语言地道，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级词汇和句式，高级词汇有for the sake of（为了），learn from（从……身上学习），broaden one’s horizons (开阔视野)，as for（至于）以及recommend sth to sb（向某人推荐某物），而且还使用了非限定性定语从句“As we all know, mobile phones have brought a lot of convenience to modern people's life, even changed people's daily lifestyle.”及“As for me, I regularly use an app called sinology hall, where I can not only enjoy the appreciation of classic poetry, but also learn a lot from ancient sages’ moving deeds.”，定语从句“I think it is an app which not only broadens my horizons, but also cultivates my patriotism.”，宾语从句“But I think, apps should not be used merely for the sake of entertainment, for our students, they should be a kind of learning tool,”，全文没有语法错误，上下句转换自然流畅。‎ ‎ ‎