上海市闵行区2020届高三一模考试英语试题 29页

闵行区2019学年第一学期高三年级质量调研考试 英语试卷 考生注意：‎ ‎1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。‎ ‎2.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分.‎ ‎3.答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名。‎ I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it. read the Jour possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.‎ ‎1. A. At an art exhibit. B. In a bakery.‎ C. In a painting studio. D. In a clothing store.‎ ‎2. A. Visit her sister's house. B. Give the man a ride.‎ C. Go to the train station. D. Check the time.‎ ‎3. A. She should get pork and chicken. B. She is quite mixed up.‎ C. She should get chicken and vegetables. D. She shouldn't eat any meat.‎ ‎4. A. The man didn't fail by much. B. The man completely failed the exam.‎ C. The man had a really high grade. D. The man's grade was low but passing.‎ ‎5. A. It cost more than he thought it would. B. He would like to sell it.‎ C. It isn't a very good one. D. He got it for a low price.‎ ‎6. A. He is surprised that Matthew changed his mind.‎ B. He wished he had asked Matthew before.‎ C. Matthew wanted to leave in the morning.‎ D. Matthew planned the party himself.‎ ‎7. A. She'll work part-time at the banquet.‎ B. She'll try to find a blanket for her guest.‎ C. She's still looking for a guest speaker.‎ D. She lives too far away to come to the dinner.‎ ‎8. A. The teacher described what the students should do.‎ B. The teacher would punish the students being late.‎ C. The teacher required an outline.‎ D. The teacher was late for the first class.‎ ‎9. A. Be understanding toward the woman.‎ B. Lower the woman's final grade.‎ C. Work hard to get an extension.‎ D. Expect the woman to finish her paper first.‎ ‎10. A. She should have gone to Jane's presentation.‎ B. Jane didn't appear nervous at all during her presentation.‎ C. Jane needs to take more lessons in public speaking.‎ D. She didn't understand Jane's presentation at all.‎ Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will he asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will he read twice, hut the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.‎ Questions 11 through 13 are based oil the following passage.‎ ‎11. A. Animals yawn for a number of reasons.‎ B. Yawning results only from fatigue or boredom.‎ C. Human yawns are the same as those of other animals.‎ D. Only social animals yawn.‎ ‎12. A. When they are swimming. B. When they are quarreling.‎ C. When they are socializing. D. When they are eating.‎ ‎13. A. To exercise the jaw muscles. B. To eliminate boredom.‎ C. To get greater strength for attacking. D. To gain more oxygen.‎ Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.‎ ‎14. A. Restart the speech as it has been planned.‎ B. Ignore the mistakes.‎ C. Make a wise apology.‎ D. Stop for a moment and get the place right.‎ ‎15. A. To illustrate good way to deliver a speech.‎ B. To emphasize the importance of repetition.‎ C. To indicate listeners' attention on the message itself.‎ D. To warn people of the obvious mistakes in the speech.‎ ‎16. A. How to Be a Perfect Speaker. B. How to Make a Perfect Speech.‎ C. Don't Expect a Perfect Speech. D. Don't Forgive Mistakes in a Speech.‎ Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.‎ ‎17. A. It was in the wrong size. B. It was dirty inside.‎ C. It shrank a lot. D. It was the wrong color.‎ ‎18. A. Change the sweater for a different one.‎ B. Offer the man a free gift as compensation.‎ C. Return the man's money.‎ D. Talk about the matter with the manager.‎ ‎19. A. Because the store is closing soon.‎ B. Because the return period had passed.‎ C. Because the man didn't have a receipt.‎ D. Because the sweater was broken.‎ ‎20. A. The man is able to exchange the sweater.‎ B. The man left the store without the sweater.‎ C. The woman gave the man a refund.‎ D. The woman promised to raise the service quality.‎ II. Grammar and vocabulary Section A Directions: After trading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word: for the other blanks, use one word that ‎ best Jits each blank.‎ Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach's Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e-book as she waits for her salad. What is she reading? None of your business! Lunch is Bechtel's "me" time. And ___1___ more Americans, she's not alone.‎ A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half (53%) have breakfast alone and nearly half (46%) have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime ___2___ we eating together, 74%, according to statistics from the report.‎ ‎"I prefer to go out and be out. Alone, but together, you know?” Bechtel said, ___3___ (look) up from her book. Bechtel, who works in downtown West Palm Beach, has lunch with coworkers sometimes, but like many of us, too often ___4___ (work) through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on ___5___ shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. "Today, I just wanted some time to myself,” she said.‎ Just two seats over, Andrew Mazoleny, a local videographer, is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he's on a first-name basis ___6___ he wants to have a little interaction. “I reflect on ___7___ my day's gone and think about the rest of the week," he said. "It's a chance for self-reflection. You return to work ___8___ (refresh) and with a plan.''‎ That freedom ___9___ (choose) is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one, but those days are over. Now, we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. "It doesn't feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology," said Laurie Demeritt, ___10___ company provided the statistics for the report.‎ ‎【答案】1. like ‎ ‎2. are 3. looking ‎ ‎4. works 5. the ‎ ‎6. if/when 7. how ‎ ‎8. refreshed ‎ ‎9. to choose ‎ ‎10. whose ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了统计数据显示近一半的美国人喜欢独自就餐并分析了原因。‎ ‎【1题详解】‎ 考查介词。句意：像更多的美国人一样，她并不是个例。分析句子结构可知此处需要填介词，根据“she's not alone”可知此处表示“像……一样”，故填like。‎ ‎【2题详解】‎ 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：据报告统计，只有在晚餐时间，我们才一起吃饭。此处用的是部分倒装，主语是we，谓语动词用复数，文章的基础时态为一般现在时，eating表明此处用的是现在进行时，故填are。‎ ‎【3题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。句意：“我更喜欢一个人出去走走，你知道吗？” 贝切特从书中抬起头来说。Bechtel与look之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动，用现在分词做伴随状语，故填looking。‎ ‎【4题详解】‎ 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：贝切特在西棕榈滩市中心工作，有时会和同事共进午餐，但和我们许多人一样，她经常在办公桌前工作到午餐结束。文章的基础时态为一般现在时，主语为Bechtel，谓语动词用第三人称单数，故填works。‎ ‎【5题详解】‎ 考查定冠词。句意：午餐时间的休息可以让她避免被老板拍她的肩膀。tap sb on the+身体部位（如头、肩膀等），表示“拍某人某处”，故填the。‎ ‎【6题详解】‎ 考查状语从句。句意：他喜欢安静地坐着看手机，或者在想要互动的时候（如果想要互动的话）直接和酒吧老板聊天。根据句意可知本句既可用when引导时间状语从句，表示“当……的时候”，也可用if引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”，故填if/when。‎ ‎【7题详解】‎ 考查宾语从句。句意：我反思这一天是如何度过的，并思考这一周剩下的时间。此处为宾语从句，从句中不缺主宾表，缺少方式状语，故填how。‎ ‎【8题详解】‎ 考查形容词。句意：这是一个自我反省 机会，让你带着计划精神饱满地回到工作之中。分析句子结构并结合句意可知此处用形容词做状语，强调主语的状态，修饰人用ed结尾的形容词，故填refreshed。‎ ‎【9题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。句意：选择的自由是更多人喜欢独自吃饭的原因之一。freedom to do表示“做……的自由”，用不定式做后置定语，故填to choose.‎ ‎【10题详解】‎ 考查非限定性定语从句。句意：现在，我们有了智能手机来陪伴我们。“它不像以前那样感到孤独，”劳里·德梅瑞特说，他的公司为这份报告提供了统计数据。此处为非限定性定语从句，company与先行词Laurie Demeritt之间是所属关系，所以用关系代词whose在从句中做定语，故填whose。‎ Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.‎ Time: is there ever enough of it? In today's modern world, most of us are ___11___with so-called time-saving devices and technological advancements and work less both at the office and at home. But why do we still feel busier?‎ A study by Derek Thompson on the “myth" of being busy suggests that while ___12___brought us convenience, it also brought us new headaches. Consider the idea of FOMO (fear of missing out). Knowing exactly what we're missing out makes us feel guilty or anxious about the ___13___ of our time and our ability to use it effectively.‎ While being informed is important, it can lead to anxiety about keeping up with the times. If you find yourself unable to stop scrolling through Twitter, turn off the phone and take a mental break. Practice JOMO (joy of missing out), a(n) ___14___on life that's a direct contradiction to FOMO. Get rid of feelings of guilt and “shoulds" and replace them with mindfulness and living in the moment.‎ Another thing technology has ___15___ us is the blurring (难以区分)between work and downtime. While constant connection has made the workday much more flexible, it's ‎ also harder to turn off at the end of the day. Always being "on" is a(n) ___16___state of mind. Consider putting a hard stop on media and electronic devices an hour or two before bed.‎ Of course, if you want to move up the corporate ladder and get a bigger paycheck, working long hours has long been a ___17___ strategy. But if you don't have passion for your job or care about what you do, you might just be working yourself into more ___18___.‎ People working the same hours feel completely different levels of time pressure depending on their passion. If most of the hours are spent doing something you don't feel ___19___about, it's no wonder you start to feel out of control and anxious about your time. Taking back control of your time can ease this mental stress. Therefore, your time management goal shouldn't be to figure out how to do more, but ____20____to figure out how to want less.‎ ‎【答案】11. J 12. A ‎ ‎13. E 14. H ‎ ‎15. G 16. K ‎ ‎17. I 18. B ‎ ‎19. F 20. C ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了在如今的现代世界里，我们应该练习“错过的快乐”来管理时间。‎ ‎【11题详解】‎ 考查固定短语。句意：在当今的现代世界里，我们大多数人都有所谓的省时设备和技术进步，在办公室和家里的工作更少。但为什么我们还觉得更忙呢？根据“with so-called time-saving devices and technological advancements”可知此处表示“享有”，be blessed with是固定短语，表示“享有”，故填J。‎ ‎【12题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：现代化给我们带来便利的同时，也给我们带来了新的令人头痛的问题。做主语用名词，根据“time-saving devices and technological advancements”可知此处表示“现代化”，故填A。‎ ‎【13题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：确切地知道我们错过了什么会让我们对时间的限制和我们有效利用时间的能力感到内疚或焦虑。做feel guilty or anxious about的宾语用名词，根据“our ability to use it effectively”可知此处表示“限制”，故填E。‎ ‎【14题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：练习“错过的快乐”，一种与“错过的恐惧”完全相反的观点。做JOMO的同位语用名词，无论是“错过的快乐”还是“错过的恐惧”，都是一种观点，因此此处表示“观点”，故填H。‎ ‎【15题详解】‎ 考查动词。句意：科技带给我们的另一件事是工作和停工之间的模糊。此处缺少动词做谓语，根据“While constant connection has made the workday much more flexible, it's also harder to turn off at the end of the day.”可知此处表示“赋予”，故填G。‎ ‎【16题详解】‎ 考查形容词。句意：总是“开机”是一种令人精疲力竭的精神状态。修饰名词state of mind，根据“Always being "on"”可知此处表示“精疲力竭的”，故填K。‎ ‎【17题详解】‎ 考查形容词。句意：当然，如果你想升职，获得更高的薪水，长时间工作一直是一种有利的策略。修饰名词strategy用形容词，根据“if you want to move up the corporate ladder and get a bigger paycheck,”可知此处表示“有利的”，favored是过去分词转化而来的形容词，表示“有利的”，故填I。‎ ‎【18题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：但如果你对自己的工作没有激情，也不在乎自己做了什么，你可能只是让自己陷入更多的痛苦之中。做介词into的宾语用名词，根据“But if you don't have passion for your job or care about what you do”可知此处表示“痛苦”，故填B。‎ ‎【19题详解】‎ 考查形容词。句意：如果大部分时间花在做一些你没有热情的事情上，难怪你开始感到失控和焦虑。做feel的表语用形容词，根据上文中的“passion”可知此处表示“充满热情的”，故填F。‎ ‎【20题详解】‎ 考查副词。句意：因此，你的时间管理目标不应该是找出如何做得更多，反而是找出如何想要的更少。根据“to figure out how to want less”可知此处表示“反而”，故填C。‎ III. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are Jour words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best Jits the context.‎ The expression, "everybody's doing it," is very much at the center of the concept of peer pressure. It is a social influence applied on an individual in order to get that person to act or believe in a(n) ___21___ way as a larger group. This influence can be negative or positive, and can exist in both large and small groups.‎ People are social creatures by nature, and so it is hardly ___22___that some part of their self-respect comes from the approval of others. This instinct explains why the approval of peers, and the fear of ___23___, is such a powerful force in many people's lives. This instinct drives people to dress one way at home and another way at work, or to answer a simple “fine" when a stranger asks "how are you?" even if it is not necessarily true. There is a(n) ___24___aspect to this: it helps society to function efficiently, and encourages a general level of self-discipline that ___25___day-to-day interaction between people.‎ For certain individuals, seeking social acceptance is so important that it becomes a(n) ___26___: in order to satisfy the desire, they may go so far as to ___27___their sense of right and wrong. Teens and young adults may feel forced to use drugs, or join gangs that ___28___criminal behavior. Mature adults may sometimes feel ___29___ to cover up illegal activity at the company where they work, or end up in debt because they are unable to hold back the desire to buy a house or car that they can't afford in an effort to ___30___ the peers.‎ However, peer pressure is not always negative. A student whose friends are good at ___31___may be urged to work harder and get good grades. Players on a sports team may feel driven to play harder in order to help the team win. This type of ___32___can also get a friend off drugs, or to help an adult take up a good habit or drop a bad one.‎ Although peer pressure is sometimes quite obvious, it can also be so ___33___that a person may not even notice that it is affecting his or her behavior. For this reason, when making important decisions, simply going with a(n) ___34___is risky. Instead, people should seriously consider why they feel drawn to taking a particular action, and whether the real ___35___ is simply that everyone else is doing the same thing.‎ ‎21. A. traditional B. similar C. peculiar D. opposite ‎22. A. understandable B. believable C. acceptable D. surprising ‎23. A. disapproval B. failure C. absence D. independence ‎24. A. uncertain B. practical C. impossible D. vague ‎25. A. promotes B. prevents C. simplifies D. increases ‎26 A. challenge B. inspiration C. promise D. addiction ‎27. A. recognize B. abandon C. decrease D. define ‎28. A. avoid B. encourage C. decline D. punish ‎29. A. pressured B. respected C. delighted D. regretted ‎30. A. catch sight of B. stay away from C. make fun of D. keep up with ‎31. A. competitions B. interaction C. academics D. adaptation ‎32. A. knowledge B. interest C. assistance D. influence ‎33. A. abstract B. ridiculous C. subtle D. reasonable ‎34. A. consciousness B. motivation C. instinct D. encouragement ‎35. A. motivation B. danger C. support D. achievement ‎【答案】21. B 22. D 23. A 24. B 25. C 26. D 27. B 28. B 29. A 30. D 31. C 32. D 33. C 34. C 35. A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了同龄人压力的利与弊以及应对同龄人压力的正确方法。‎ ‎【21题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它是对个人施加的一种社会影响，目的是让个人以类似于一个更大群体的方式行动或相信某一观点。A. traditional传统的；B. similar相似的；C. peculiar独特的；D. opposite相反的。空前说“每个人都在这么做”这句话是同龄人压力概念的核心，它的目的是让个人以类似于一个更大群体的方式行动或相信某一观点，故B项正确。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：人天生就是社会性的动物，所以他们的自尊有一部分来自别人的认可也就不足为奇了。A. understandable可以理解的；B. believable可信的； C. acceptable可接受的；D. surprising令人惊讶的。空前说人天生就是社会性动物，所以人类的自尊有一部分来自别人的认可并不奇怪，故D项正确。‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种本能解释了为什么同龄人的赞同和对不赞同的恐惧在许多人的生活中是如此强大的力量。A. disapproval不赞同；B. failure失败；C. absence缺席；D. independence独立。根据空前的“the approval of peers”可知此处指“对不赞同的恐惧”，故A项正确。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这有一个实际的方面：它有助于社会有效运转，并鼓励人们普遍自律，简化人们之间的日常互动。A. uncertain不确定的；B. practical实际的；C. impossible不可能的；D. vague模糊的。空后说它有助于社会有效运转，并鼓励人们普遍自律，简化人们之间的日常互动，这是这种本能的一个实际的方面，故B项正确。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. promotes提升；B. prevents防止；C.‎ ‎ simplifies简化；D. increases增加。面对陌生人问的“你好吗？”，简单地回答一个“好”字可以简化人们之间的日常互动，故C项正确。‎ ‎【26题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：对某些人来说，寻求社会认同是如此重要，以至于成为一种瘾。A. challenge挑战；B. inspiration灵感；C. promise承诺；D. addiction上瘾、沉溺。空后说为了满足这种欲望，他们可能会放弃自己的是非观，青少年和年轻人可能被迫使用毒品或加入鼓励犯罪行为的帮派，这说明对这些人来说，寻求社会认同已经成为了一种瘾，故D项正确。‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ 考查动词词义变辨析。句意：他们可能会放弃自己的是非观。A. recognize承认；B. abandon放弃；C. decrease减少；D. define定义。根据空后说的青少年和年轻人可能被迫使用毒品，或加入鼓励犯罪行为的帮派可知，他们可能会放弃自己的是非观，做出错误的决定，故B项正确。‎ ‎【28题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。 句意：少年和年轻人可能被迫使用毒品，或加入鼓励犯罪行为的帮派。A. avoid避免；B. encourage鼓励；C. decline 拒绝；D. punish惩罚。根据常识可知，帮派通常都会鼓励犯罪行为，故B项正确。‎ ‎【29题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：成熟的成年人有时可能会感到压力，不得不掩盖自己所在公司的非法活动，或最终负债，因为他们无法抑制买房或买车以便赶上同龄人的欲望，而这些欲望是他们无法负担的。A. pressured有压力的；B. respected受尊重的；C. delighted高兴的；D. regretted后悔的。根据空后的“to cover up illegal activity at the company where they work”可知，他们不得不掩盖自己所在公司的非法活动是因为他们感到压力，故A项正确。‎ ‎【30题详解】‎ 考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A. catch sight of看见；B. stay away from远离；C. make fun of取笑；D. keep up with赶上。他们想买房或买车是为了赶上其他同龄人，故D项正确。‎ ‎【31题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个学生的朋友学习很好，他可能会被敦促更努力学习，取得好成绩。A. competitions竞赛；B. interaction互动；C. academics学术知识、学习；D.‎ ‎ adaptation适应。根据空后的“get good grades”可知此处指“学习”，故C项正确。‎ ‎【32题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种影响也可以让朋友戒毒，帮助成年人养成好习惯或者戒掉坏习惯。A. knowledge知识；B. interest兴趣；C. assistance援助；D. influence影响。上文说一个学生的朋友学习很好，他可能会被敦促更努力学习，取得好成绩，这属于积极的影响，故D项正确。‎ ‎【33题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然同龄人的压力有时是相当明显的，但它也可能是如此微妙，以至于一个人甚至可能没有注意到它正在影响他或她的行为。A. abstract抽象的；B. ridiculous荒谬的；C. subtle微妙的；D. reasonable合理的。空后说一个人甚至可能没有注意到同龄人的压力正在影响他或她的行为，这说明同龄人的压力有时是很微妙的，故C项正确。‎ ‎【34题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，在做重要决定时，凭直觉行事是有风险的。A. consciousness意识；B. motivation动机；C. instinct直觉、本能；D. encouragement鼓励。空后说相反，人们应该认真考虑自己为什么会被某个特定的行为所吸引，真正的动机是否仅仅是其他人都在做同样的事情，因此我们不能仅凭直觉行事，故C项正确。‎ ‎【35题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：相反，人们应该认真考虑自己为什么会被某个特定的行为所吸引，真正的动机是否仅仅是其他人都在做同样的事情。A. motivation动机；B. danger危险； C. support支持；D. achievement成就。根据空前的“Instead, people should seriously consider why they feel drawn to taking a particular action”可知，人们应该认真考虑自己为什么会被某个特定的行为所吸引，自己跟着做的动机是否仅仅是因为别人都这么做，故A项正确。‎ ‎【点睛】本篇第6空难度较大，抓住空后的举例是关键，根据空后的“in order to satisfy the desire, they may go so far as to ___7___their sense of right and wrong. Teens and young adults may feel forced to use drugs, or join gangs that ___8___criminal behavior. ”可知，为了满足这种欲望，他们可能会放弃自己的是非观，青少年和年轻人可能被迫使用毒品或加入鼓励犯罪行为的帮派，这些不良行为说明对这些人来说，寻求社会认同已经成为了一种瘾，故D项（addiction）正确。‎ Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.‎ ‎（A）‎ ‎“You can use me as a last resort(选择), and if nobody else volunteers, then I will do it.” This was an actual reply from a parent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids’ lacrosse(长曲棍球) club.‎ I guess that there’s probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren’t even on … At this point the unwilling parent speaks up, “Alright. Yes, I’ll do it.”‎ I’m secretly relieved because I know there’s real power in sharing volunteer responsibilities among many. The unwilling parent organizes the meal schedule, sends out emails, and collects money for end-of-season gifts. Somewhere along the way, the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team. The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season. Handing out sliced oranges to bloodthirsty kids can be as exciting as watching your own kid score a goal.‎ Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close. That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more: Connecting to the community(社区) as you freely give your time, money, skills, or services provides a real joy. Volunteering just feels so good.‎ In that sense, I’m pretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than I’d freely like to admit. However, if others benefit in the process, and I get some reward too, does it really matter where my motivation lies?‎ ‎36. What can we infer about the parent from her reply in paragraph l？‎ A. She knows little about the club.‎ B. She isn’t good at sports.‎ C. She just doesn’t want to volunteer.‎ D. She’s unable to meet her schedule.‎ ‎37. What does the underlined phrase “tug at the heartstrings” in paragraph 2 mean?‎ A. Encourage teamwork.‎ B. Appeal to feelings.‎ C. Promote good deeds.‎ D. Provide advice.‎ ‎38. What can we learn about the parent from paragraph 3?‎ A. She gets interested in lacrosse.‎ B. She is proud of her kids.‎ C. She’ll work for another season.‎ D. She becomes a good helper.‎ ‎39. Why does the author like doing volunteer work?‎ A. It gives her a sense of duty.‎ B. It makes her very happy.‎ C. It enables her to work hard.‎ D. It brings her material rewards.‎ ‎【答案】36. C 37. B 38. D 39. B ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文中讲述了作者成功说服了一个家长参加志愿者团队，并且这位家长后来成为这个团队中有力的帮手，同时作者在参与志愿者活动过程中也获得了很多快乐。‎ ‎【36题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的You can use me as a last resort(选择), and if nobody else volunteers, then I will do it.可知，这位家长说如果其他人都不愿意做志愿者的工作，她会做这份工作，作者可以把她当作最后的备选，也就是她不愿意做志愿者的工作。故选C。‎ ‎【37题详解】‎ 词义猜测题。根据划线前句she may just need a little persuading.和下面的一句话I ‎ mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren’t even on 可知，作者为了劝服这位家长，举了两个例子。故可知，划线句此处应是“煽情”之意。故选B。‎ ‎【38题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第三段中这位家长作出的贡献及the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team.可知，她最终成为了志愿者队伍中的重要的一员，也即是说，她成了一个好帮手。故选D。‎ ‎【39题详解】‎ 细节理解题。题干问作者为什么喜欢做志愿者工作。根据第四段最后两句Connecting to the community(社区) as you freely give your time, money, skills, or services provides a real joy. Volunteering just feels so good.可知，为社区做贡献可以带来真正的快乐，参加志愿者活动活动能让人感觉快乐。故选B。‎ ‎(B)‎ History Fair Competition Understanding history is vital to understanding ourselves as a people and as a nation. History is much more than the study of dusty old objects and events long past. Thornton Middle School History Fair Competition makes understanding history exciting, engaging, and fun!‎ This Year’s Theme All participants must address how communication or transportation technology has promoted the quality of life for Americans throughout history. To many people, technology means computers, hand-held devices, or vehicles that travel to distant planets. However, technology is also the application of scientific knowledge to solve a problem, touching lives in countless ways.‎ Individuals or groups may enter one of the follow ing categories:‎ ‎• Performance ‎• Documentary (纪实作品)‎ ‎• Essay Writing Category Requirements Performance: A dramatic presentation of the topic no more than 10 minutes long.‎ ‎ If special clothes are used, they should truly represent a given period.‎ Doc umentary: A visual presentation (such as a video slide show, or computer project) no more than 10 minutes long. A desktop computer, screen, projector, and loudspeakers will be available. Students must provide their presentations on CDs before Friday, March 23.‎ Essay Writing : An academic paper of 2,000 to 2,500 w ords. No illustrations ( 图解)are allowed. Please do not include covers. A list of references must be included.‎ Important Dates February 5 Submit a first draft of your essay, performance script ( 剧本), or documentary highlights.‎ February 19 A committee of teachers will evaluate materials and give opinions. Students then have an opportunity to improve their products.‎ March 9 Submit a final draft of your essay.‎ March 15 Performance and documentary committee preview March 24 Thornton Middle School History Fair Competition ‎7:00 A.M. — 9:00 A.M. Participants signing in at the gym ‎10:00 A.M. — 6:00 P.M. Competition and judges’ review ‎7:00 P.M. Awards ceremony and picnic ‎40. What is the theme of this year ’s competition?‎ A. Technology advances science.‎ B. Science interacts w ith technology.‎ C. Science has made the study of history easy.‎ D. Technology has improved the life of Americans.‎ ‎41. What w ould a participant have to do with an essay of 1,500 words to meet the category requirement?‎ A. Include more information in the essay. B. Remove the references.‎ C. Provide a cover for the essay. D. Explain the details w ith illustrations.‎ ‎42. What will the committee of teachers do on February 19?‎ A. Preview performances and documentaries.‎ B. Make comments on the materials.‎ C. Improve the participant’s first draft.‎ D. Collect a second proposal from the participant.‎ ‎【答案】40. D 41. A 42. B ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一个竞赛须知。详细地介绍了竞赛的意义、参赛作品的主题、各项要求以及活动安排。‎ ‎【40题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据This Year’s Theme部分All participants must address how communication or transportation technology has promoted the quality of life for Americans throughout history. "可知，今年的主题涉及科技对美国人生活的改善。故选D。‎ ‎【41题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据Category Requirements部分Essay Writing : An academic paper of 2,000 to 2,500 words. 可知，字数必须在2000到2500之间，因此1500字不够，必须添加更多的信息。故选A。‎ ‎【42题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据Important Dates部分February 19 A committee of teachers will evaluate materials and give opinions. 可知，2月19日，评委老师会对提交的材料给出意见，作出评论。故选B。‎ ‎(C)‎ When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals. They suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived. The large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction. Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.‎ That the seas are being overfished has been known for years. What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that ‎ biomass over time. According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then.‎ Dr. Worm acknowledges that the figures are conservative. One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved. Today's vessels (船)can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. In the early days, too, longlines (多钩长线) would have been more filled with fish. Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks (带饵钩)would have been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past. Furthermore, in the early days of longline fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked. That is no longer a problem, because there are fewer sharks around now。‎ Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account. They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists, that of the “shifting baseline". The idea is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield （产量）that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels。. Most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do business.‎ ‎43. The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that____.‎ A. large animals were easily hurt in the changing environment B. small species survived as large animals disappeared C. large sea animals may face the same threat today D. slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones ‎44. By saying these figures are conservative , Dr. Worm means that____ .‎ A. fishing technology has improved rapidly B. the catch-sizes are actually smaller than recorded C. the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss D. the data collected so far are out of date ‎45 Dr. Myers and other researchers hold that____ .‎ A. people should look for a baseline that can't work for a longer time B. fisheries should keep the yield below 50% of the biomass C. the ocean biomass should restore its original level D. people should adjust the fishing baseline to changing situation ‎46. The writer seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries’____ .‎ A. biomass level B. management efficiency C. catch-size limits D. technological application ‎【答案】43. C 44. C 45. D 46. A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了大型海洋动物也面临着像史前大型动物一样灭绝的危险，人们应该根据情况的变化调整捕鱼基线以保持海洋渔业的最大生物量。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction. Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.”可知，这种生长缓慢的大型动物很容易被猎杀，很快就灭绝了，现在海洋里也可能发生类似的事情，由此可知，提到史前动物的灭绝就是为了表明大型海洋动物如今可能也面临同样的威胁，故C项正确。‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ 词句猜测题。根据画线句后的“One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved. Today's vessels (船)can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch ‎ sizes.”可知，其中一个原因是捕鱼技术有所改进，今天的船只可以通过卫星和声纳找到猎物，而50年前还没有，这意味着在海洋中被捕获的生物比例更高，所以现在和过去的真实差异可能比捕获量变化所记录的更大，由此可知，沃姆博士说这些数据是保守的的意思是其实海洋生物量损失会更大，故C项正确。‎ ‎【45题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account. They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists, that of the “shifting baseline". The idea is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield （产量）that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels. Most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do business.”可知，迈尔斯博士和沃姆博士认为，他们的工作给出了一个正确的基准，未来的管理工作必须考虑到这个基准，他们相信这些数据支持了海洋生物学家当前的一个想法，即“改变基线”。这个想法是，人们未能察觉到海洋中发生的巨大变化，因为他们回顾过去的时间相对较短，这一点很重要，因为理论表明，当一个目标物种的生物量达到其原始水平的50%时，可以从渔业中获取的最大可持续产量，大多数渔业都远低于这个水平，这是一种不好的经商方式，由此可知，他们认为人们应该根据情况的变化调整捕鱼基线，故D项正确。‎ ‎【46题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据文章内容，特别是最后一段中的“That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield （产量）that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels. Most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do business.”可知，这一点很重要，因为理论表明，当一个目标物种的生物量达到其原始水平的50%时，可以从渔业中获取的最大可持续产量，大多数渔业都远低于这个水平，这是一种不好的经商方式，由此可知，作者主要关心的是渔业的最大生物量水平，故A项正确。‎ ‎【点睛】本篇第2题词句猜测题难度较大，抓住画线句后解释的原因是关键，根据画线句后的“One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved. Today's vessels (船)can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ‎ ago. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes.”可知，其中一个原因是捕鱼技术有所改进，今天的船只可以通过卫星和声纳找到猎物，而50年前还没有，这意味着在海洋中被捕获的生物比例更高，所以现在和过去的真实差异可能比捕获量变化所记录的更大，由此可知，沃姆博士说这些数据是保守的的意思是其实海洋生物量损失实际上会比统计的数据更大。‎ Section C Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the question: “Should I jump?” This is what motivation or the lack of it can do. Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of same coin. ___47___ Like the child on the diving board, you will stay undecided.‎ ‎___48___ More than that, how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal? First, you need to evaluate yourself, your values, your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements, your desires, etc. Only then should you set your goals.‎ You also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation. This is quite important, because it is directly related to your commitment. There are times when your heart is not in your work. ___49___ So, slow down and think what you really want to do at that moment. Clarity(清晰) of thoughts can help you move forward.‎ Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives, keeping in mind your beliefs, values and strengths. Remember that goals are flexible. ___50___ They also need to be measurable. You must keep these points in mind while setting your goals.‎ Your personal circumstances are equally important. For example, you may want to be a pilot but can’t become one because your eyesight is not good enough. ___51___You should reassess your goals, and motivate yourself to set a fresh goal.‎ You will surely need to overcome some difficulties, some planned, but most unplanned. You cannot overcome them without ample motivation. Make sure that you plan for these difficulties at the time of setting your goals.‎ A. This can affect your work.‎ B. So how should you motivate yourself?‎ C. However, this should not discourage you.‎ D. So why should we try to set specific goals?‎ E. They can change according to circumstances.‎ F. Motivation is what you need most to do a good job.‎ G. Without motivation, you can neither set a goal nor reach it.‎ ‎【答案】47. G 48. B 49. A 50. E 51. C ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了动机和目标的关系以及如何激发动机并设定切实可行的目标。‎ ‎【47题详解】‎ 上文说“动机和目标设定是同一枚硬币的两面”，下文说“就像孩子在跳水台，你会犹豫不决。”，该空承上启下，G选项“没有动力，你就既不能设定目标，也无法实现它”切题，故选G。‎ ‎【48题详解】‎ 上一段阐述了动机和设定目标的关系，强调了动机的重要性，本队进一步讲如何激励自己并保持动力来实现目标。B选项“那么你应该如何激励自己呢？”承上启下，故选B。‎ ‎【49题详解】‎ 上文说“有时候你的心不在工作上”，下文说“所以，减慢速度，想一想那时候，你到底想干什么”。该空承上启下，A选项“这会影响你的工作”切题，故选A。‎ ‎【50题详解】‎ 上文说“记得，目标是灵活的”。该空承接上文，E选项“它们会根据环境的改变而改变”切题，故选E。‎ ‎【51题详解】‎ 上文说“你可能想当一名飞行员，但是不能成为一名飞行员，因为你的视力不够好。”下文说“你应该重新评估你的目标，并且设定一个新的目标”。该空承上启下，C选项“然而，这不应该使你气馁。”切题，故选C。‎ IV. Summary Writing ‎52.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。‎ Parents everywhere praise their kids. Jenn Berman, author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids, says, “We’ve gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more strict.” By giving kids a lot of ‎ praise, parents think they’re building their children’s confidence, when, in fact, it may be just the opposite. Too much praise can backfire and, when given in a way that’s insincere, make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parents’ praise has put them.‎ Still, don’t go too far in the other direction. Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much. Kids will feel like they’re not good enough or that you don’t care and, as a result, may see no point in trying hard for their accomplishments.‎ So what is the right amount of praise? Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity. If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome, you can give it as often as your child does something that deserves a verbal reward. “We should especially recognize our children’s efforts to push themselves and work hard to achieve a goal,” says Donahue, author of Parenting Without Fear: Letting Go of Worry and Focusing on What Really Matters. “One thing to remember is that it’s the process not the end product that matters.”‎ Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team. But if he’s out there every day and playing hard, you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses. Praising the effort and not the outcome can also mean recognizing your child when she has worked hard to clean the yard, cook dinner, or finish a book report. But whatever it is, praise should be given on a case-by-case basis and be proportionate(相称的) to the amount of effort your child has put into it.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【答案】Parents tend to go to extremes when it comes to praising their kids. (要点一) Yet, both too much and too little praise can be equally damaging. (要点二) When giving praise, parents should be sincere and concentrate on the process instead of the result. (要点三) Similarly, they ought to give praise for how much effort their kids have ‎ invested in the work they’re involved in. (要点四)‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本次浙江高考书面表达采用了概要写作题型。概要写作是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁，考查的是学生在实现自由的思维表达之前，对他人的信息在理解的基础上进行概括表达的能力。选材上，提供一篇350词以内的短文，题材不限，要求考生写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。‎ ‎【详解】完成一篇概要写作，需要经过三个步骤，‎ ‎1. 读懂原文，抓住段落主题句。在阅读过程中，需要准确把握文章的段落大意，学会剔除非重要信息，弄清楚不同体裁的文章的内部逻辑关系以及文章的篇章结构。‎ ‎2. 组织语言，转换表达。在找到主题句明确全文中心的基础上，组织好语言，注重语言表达的独立性和准确性以及高级性，不全盘照抄原文句子，尽量用自己的语言转换表达，同时要注意篇幅的比例安排，用较多的文字去表达重要的内容。‎ ‎3. 通读全文，逻辑连贯。要牢记各段落要点之间的逻辑关系和自然衔接，用恰当的关联词去连贯全文。‎ V. Translation Directions: Translate the fallowing sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.‎ ‎53. 他每次进城都给女儿带礼物。（without）‎ ‎54. 你能否得到这工作应该与你的年龄无关。（difference）‎ ‎55. 老师让我代表学校致辞，欢迎在座的贵宾们。（arrange）‎ ‎56. 这家公司正是因为不重视产品更新换代，忽视售后服务，才逐步被市场淘汰的。（It was because）‎ ‎【答案】53. He doesn't go to town without buying her daughter a gift. ‎ ‎54. Your age shouldn't make any difference to whether you get the job or not. ‎ ‎55. The teacher arranged for me to deliver a speech on behalf of our school （in order） to welcome the distinguished guests present. ‎ ‎56. It was because the company didn't pay attention to product upgrading and ignored after-sales service that it was gradually eliminated in the market.‎ ‎【解析】‎ 本题考查翻译句子，注意使用括号内的提示词进行翻译。‎ ‎【53题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词和双重否定。根据句意可知本句使用“否动词not….+without…”形式的双重否定以增强语气，without后接动名词做宾语，陈述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，故翻译为：He doesn't go to town without buying her daughter a gift.‎ ‎【54题详解】‎ 考查固定短语和宾语从句。make difference to表示“对……有影响”，根据句意可知本句使用宾语从句，用whether or not表示“是否”，故翻译为：Your age shouldn't make any difference to whether you get the job or not.‎ ‎55题详解】‎ 考查固定短语和不定式（短语）。arrange for sb o do表示“安排某人做某事”，根据句意可知本句既可用不定式短语in order to也可直接用不定式做目的状语，语境表明事情发生在过去，用一般过去时，故翻译为：The teacher arranged for me to deliver a speech on behalf of our school （in order） to welcome the distinguished guests present.‎ ‎【56题详解】‎ 考查强调句型。pay attention to表示“重视”，根据句意和提示词可知本句使用强调句型，其基本结构为：it is/was+被强调部分+that+其余部分，本句强调的是原因状语，语境表明事情发生在过去，用一般过去时，故翻译为：It was because the company didn't pay attention to product upgrading and ignored after-sales service that it was gradually eliminated in the market.‎ VI. Guided Writing ‎57.Directions: an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.‎ 假设你是明启中学的李华，你校外籍教师Chris将在文化周期间做一个有关西方艺术的讲座，现就讲座内容征求你校学生的意见。请给Chris写一封电子邮件，邮件必须包含以下内容 ‎• 你喜欢的讲座话题（从音乐、美术、舞蹈、戏剧中任选其一）：‎ ‎• 选择该话题的原因及关于该话题你感兴趣的内容；‎ ‎• 希望从中有何收获。‎ ‎_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【答案】Dear Chris,‎ I’m Lihua, a student from Class one, Grade three. I am very glad to hear that you will give us a lecture on the western art in the cultural week that will be held next week, and I do hope the lecture is about western drama, as I am very interested in western literature and art, and drama is the perfect combination of the two. As is known to all, a lot of famous literary classics are represented in a drama, such as the giant Shakespeare's "Hamlet", "Othello", "King Lear" and "Macbeth", all of which are excellent drama works. Although I have some knowledge of drama, I still want to have a deep understanding of it. In view of this reason, I hope you can give me a detailed explanation of the history of drama, including its origin, development and evolution. ‎ I am looking forward to your excellent lecture ‎ yours truly,‎ Lihua ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本篇书面表达是应用文，要求写一封书信。‎ ‎【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，本文要求写一封电子邮件：假设你是明启中学的李华，你校外籍教师Chris将在文化周期间做一个有关西方艺术的讲座，现就讲座内容征求你校学生的意见。请给Chris写一封电子邮件，邮件必须包含以下内容：• 你喜欢的讲座话题（从音乐、美术、舞蹈、戏剧中任选其一）：• 选择该话题的原因及关于该话题你感兴趣的内容；• 希望从中有何收获。时态应为一般现在时。‎ 第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如； culture（文化），drama（戏剧），combination（结合），represent（体现），giant（文豪），detailed（详细的），literary classics （文学经典），origin（起源），development（发展）及evolution（演变）等。‎ 第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。‎ 第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持卷面的整洁美观。‎ ‎【点睛】范文语言地道，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级词汇和句式，高级词汇有give sb a lecture（给某人做演讲），be interested in（对……感兴趣），have some knowledge of (对……有一些了解)，such as（例如），look forward to（期待），in view of（鉴于）以及have a deep understanding of（对……深入理解），而且还使用了非限定性定语从句“As is known to all, a lot of famous literary classics are represented in a drama, such as the giant Shakespeare's "Hamlet", "Othello", "King Lear" and "Macbeth", all of which are excellent drama works.”，宾语从句“I am very glad to hear that you will give us a lecture on the western art in the cultural week that will be held next week”及“I hope you can give me a detailed explanation of the history of drama, including its origin, development and evolution”，让步状语从句“Although I have some knowledge of drama, I still want to have a deep understanding of it.”，全文没有语法错误，上下句转换自然流畅。‎ ‎ ‎