专题24+非谓语动词（五）-2019年高考英语语法词汇与情景交际钻石考点提分秘籍 8页

‎ ‎ 考点八 非谓语动词的时态 ‎ 非谓语动词和动词一样，也有时态和语态的变化，见下表（以do为例）：‎ 主动 被动 不 定 式 一般式 to do to be done 进行式 to be doing 完成式 to have done to have been done 动名词 现在分词 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 过去分词 done ‎1．非谓语动词的时态：非谓语动词的动作与句子谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在其后，非谓语动用一般式；非谓语动词的动作发生在句子谓语动词动作之前，非谓语动词用完成式。‎ ‎1. Many Chinese brands, __________their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges from the modern market. （2017江苏） A. having developed B. being developed C. developed D. developing ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎ ‎2. ______ for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule. (2015天津)‎ ‎ A. To work B. Worked C. To be working D. Having worked ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎【解析】这里是分词作时间状语，逻辑主语Steve与work之间是主动关系，且分词的动作发生在句子谓语动词动作之前，故用现在分词的完成式。‎ ‎3. ________ the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age. （2014福建）‎ A. Spending B. Spent C. Having spent D. To spend ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】这里是分词作原因状语，逻辑主语Linda与spend之间是主动关系，且分词的动作发生在句子谓语动词动作之前，故用现在分词的完成式。‎ ‎4. _________ to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film. (2013重庆)‎ A. Having been asked B. To ask C. Having asked D. To be asked ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎5. I got to the office earlier that day, _________ the 7:30 train from Paddington. (2013全国II) A. caught B. to have caught C. to catch D. having caught ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎【解析】非谓语动词做原因状语，应用分词；逻辑主语I与catch是主动关系，应用现在分词，又因分词的动作发生在句子谓语动词动作之前，应用完成式。‎ 考点九 非谓语动词的语态 ‎1．一般情况下，不定式和动名词的逻辑主语是其动作的发出者时，用主动式；是承受者时，用被动式；分词与其逻辑主语构成主动关系时，用现在分词，构成被动关系时用过去分词。‎ ‎1. Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time _______ with his students. （2017北京）‎ A. to spend B. spend C. spending D. spent ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎【解析】这里是非谓语动词作定语，表示被动和完成，故用过去分词。‎ ‎2. The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without ______.（ 2014北京）‎ A. recognizing B. being recognized ‎ C. having recognized D. having been recognized ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】这里是动名词作介词without的宾语。逻辑主语he与recognize 之间是被动关系，故用动词的被动式；这里指一般情况，故用一般式。‎ ‎3. There are still many problems ______ before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon. （ 2014北京）‎ A. solving B. solved C. being solved D. to be solved ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎【解析】表示将来的动作，应用被动式；逻辑主语problems与solve是被动关系，故用不定式的被动式。‎ ‎4. The airport _______ next year will help promote tourism in this area. (2013四川) A. being completed B. to be completed C. completed D. having been completed ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】表示将来的动作，应用被动式；逻辑主语the airport与complete是被动关系，故用不定式的被动式。‎ ‎5. Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and to ruins, the city took on a new look. (2013江苏)‎ A. reducing B. reduced C. being reduced D. having reduced ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎6. China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from ______in the South China Sea. (2012福建)‎ A. attacking B. having attacked C. being attacked D. having been attacked ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】这里是动名词作介词from的宾语。逻辑主语boats与attack之间是被动关系，故用动名 词的被动式。‎ ‎7. It’s important for the figures ______ regularly. (2011北京)‎ ‎ A. to be updated B. to have been updated C. to updated D. to have updated ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎【解析】由regularly可知，不定式应用一般式；the figures与update 是被动关系，故用不定式的被动式。‎ ‎8. There were many talented actors out there just waiting ______. (2010 江西)‎ ‎ A. to discover B. to be discovered C. discovered D. being discovered ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】wait后应接不定式。逻辑主语actors与discover是被动关系，应用不定式的被动式。‎ ‎2．need, require, want等动词以物作主语，表示“需要”时，后跟动名词的主动式表示被动，如用不定式，‎ 则要用被动式；be worth后跟动名词，用主动式表示被动。‎ ‎1. We’ve had a good start, but next, more work needs _____to achieve the final success. (2012湖南)‎ A. being done B. do C. to be done D. to do ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】need表示“需要”，后接动名词的主动式和不定式的被动式。‎ ‎2. As a result of the serious flood, two thirds of the buildings in the area __________.（2008 陕西）‎ A. need repairing B. needs to repair C. needs repairing D. need to repair ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3．不定式作定语、宾补或在形容词后作状语，与其逻辑主语之间构成动宾关系时，不定式用主动表示被动。‎ ‎1. I have a lot of readings _____ before the end of this term. (2010山东)‎ A. completing B. to complete C. completed D. being completed ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】表示将来的动作，用不定式作定语；不定式与所修饰的名词之间是动宾关系，应用主动式。‎ ‎2. In many people’s opinion, that company, though relatively small, is pleasant ______. (2010四川)‎ A. to deal with B. dealing with C. to be dealt with D. dealt with ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】作宾语的形容词后用不定式作状语语；不定式与所修饰的名词之间是动宾关系，应用主动式。‎ ‎3. If there is a lot of work __________, I’m happy to just keep on until it is finished.（2009上海）‎ A. to do B. to be doing C. done D. doing ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎【解析】不定式作定语，与所修饰的名词之间是动宾关系，应用主动式表示被动。‎ 考点十 独立主格结构 ‎ 独立主格结构是由“名词/代词+形容词/副词/介词短语/非谓语动词分词”构成的一种结构，在句中作状语。独立主格结构主要考查的是名词/代词后非谓语动词的形式。表示将来的动作，用不定式；表示主动或正在进行的动作，用现在分词；表示被动或完成的动作，用过去分词。‎ ‎1. Much time _____ sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems. (2015江苏)‎ A. being spent B. having spent C. spent D. spending ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】这里是独立主格结构作状语；much time与spend之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。‎ ‎2. The lecture ________, a lively question-and-answer session followed. (2014江苏)‎ A. being given B. having given C. to be given D. having been given ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3. The party will be held in the garden, weather . (2012全国I)‎ A. permitting B. to permit C. permitted D. permit ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎【解析】weather permitting是独立主格结构，作条件状语。‎ ‎4. Bats are surprisingly long-lived creatures, some ______ a life span of around 20 years. (2011浙江)‎ ‎ A. having B. had C. have D. to have ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎【解析】这是一个独立主格结构，表示补充说明，应用分词；some与have之间是主动关系，故用现在分词。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 巩固练习：‎ ‎1. It is difficult to imagine his __________ the decision without any permission. ‎ ‎ A. accept B. accepting C. to accept D. accepted ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】imagine后要跟动名词作宾语。这里his accepting是动名词的复合结构，作imagine的宾语。‎ ‎2. __________ in the queen for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car. ‎ ‎ A. Waiting B. To wait C. Having waited D. To have waited ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3. The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang, who was reported __________ the world record in the 110-meter hurdle race. ‎ A. breaking B. having broken C. to have broken D. to break ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】be reported后跟不定式，且不定式动作发生在句子谓语动词was reported这一动作之前，故用不定式的完成式。‎ ‎4. Dina, ______ for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency. ‎ ‎ A. struggling B. struggled C. having struggled D. to struggle ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】非谓语动词作非限制性定语。非谓语动词的动作发生在谓语动词took之前，应用完成式。‎ ‎5. __________ to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead. ‎ A. Fail B. Failed C. To fail D. Having failed 答案：D。解析：作原因状语，应用分词；逻辑主语we与fail是主动关系，且分词的动作发生在句子谓语动词动作之前，故用现在分词的完成式。‎ ‎6. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons __________ for the day. ‎ A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finished ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】逗号后面是一个独立主格结构， their lessons与finish是被动关系，故用过去分词。‎ ‎7. I still remember ______ to the Famen Temple and what I saw there. ‎ ‎ A. to take B. to be taken C. taking D. being taken ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎8. __________ many times, he finally understood it. (2009四川)‎ A. Told B. Telling C. Having told D. Having been told ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】这里是分词作状语，分词的动作tell发生在句子谓语动词的动作之前，应用完成式；逻辑主语he与tell之间是被动关系，故用现在分词完成式的被动式。‎ ‎9. Today's homework was easy ___________so I finished it quickly and went out to play.‎ A. to be done B. done C. doing D. to do ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎【解析】在作表语的形容词后面要用不定式作状语，且用主动式表示被动意义。‎ ‎10. The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle __________. ‎ ‎ A. to be heard B. to have heard C. hearing D. being heard ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎【解析】不定式作目的状语。逻辑主语I和hear是被动关系，故用不定式的被动式。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎