专题04+冠词（二）-2019年高考英语语法词汇与情景交际钻石考点提分秘籍 8页

‎ ‎ 冠词离不开名词，掌握冠词首先要弄清名词的性质，即可数还是不可数；其次要掌握冠词的基本用法，即什么情况下用不定冠词，什么情况下用定冠词，什么情况下不用冠词。另外还考查冠词在固定词组中的运用。‎ 考点二 定冠词 定冠词主要表示特指。‎ ‎1. 特指上文提到的或谈话双方都知道的人或事。‎ ‎1. Take your time — it’s just _____ short distance from here to _____ restaurant. (2011山东)‎ A.不填；the B. a; the C. the; a D.不填；a ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】a short distance指“很短一段距离”；restaurant是可数名词，在此表特指，应用定冠词。‎ ‎2. I looked under __________ bed and found __________ book I lost last week. （2010 北京）‎ ‎ A. the; a B. the; the C. /; the D. the; /‎ ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】此处的bed和book都是特指，故均用定冠词。‎ ‎3. __________ walk is expected to last all day, so bring __________ packed lunch. （2010 山东）‎ ‎ A. A; a B. The; / C. The; a D. A; /‎ ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎ 【解析】第一个空填the，表示双方都知道的这次步行；第二个空用不定冠词表示“一份”。‎ ‎4. First impressions are the most lasting. After all, you never get ______ second chance to make ______ first impression. (2010北京)‎ ‎ A. a; the B. the; the C. a; a D. the; a ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎ ‎5. I know you don’t like __________ music very much. But what do you think of ‎ __________ music in the film we saw yesterday?（2010 全国）‎ ‎ A. /; / B. the; the C. the; / D. /; the ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎ 【解析】music泛指“音乐”时，前面不用冠词；如果特指具体的“某段音乐”，则要用定冠词。‎ ‎2. 用于形容词最高级前或用于形容词比较级前表示两者中“更……的一个”；用于形容词或副词比较级前表示“越……越……”。‎ ‎1. As is known to all, ______ People’s Republic of China is ______ biggest developing country in ‎ the world. (2011陕西)‎ ‎ A. the; 不填 B. 不填; the C. the; the D. 不填; 不填 ‎ 【答案】C ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2. Of all __________ reasons for my decision to become a university professor, my father’s advice was __________ most important one. （2011 辽宁）‎ A. the; a B. /; a C. /; the D. the; the ‎【答案】A ‎ 【解析】第一个空填the，表特指；第二个空后面是形容词最高级，应填the。‎ ‎3. Of the two sisters, Betty is __________ one, and she is also the one who loves to be quiet. （2009 安徽）‎ A. a younger B. a youngest C. the younger D. the youngest ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎ 【解析】表示两者中的另一个，是特指，应用定冠词。‎ ‎3. 用于序数词前，表示顺序。‎ Marco Polo is said to have sailed on _______ Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in ______ thirteenth century. (2013陕西)‎ ‎ A. the; a B. a; 不填 C.不填; the D. the; the ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎【解析】表示“大海，大洋”的名词前要用定冠词；序数词要用定冠词。故两个空都用定冠词。‎ ‎4. 用于世界上独一无二的事物前。‎ ‎1. It was ______ cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across ____ night sky. (2013山东)‎ A. 不填；a B. a; the C. the; a D. the; 不填 ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎ 【解析】第一个空表示“一个寒冬的夜晚”，应用不定冠词；sky指“天空”，表示独一无二的事物，前面要用定冠词。‎ ‎2. There are over 58,000 rocky objects in ______ space, about 900 of which could fall down onto ______ earth. (2010 辽宁)‎ A. the; the B. 不填; the C. the; 不填 D. a; the ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎5. 用于普通名词构成的专有名词前。‎ ‎1. According to __________ World Health Organization, health care plans are needed in all big cities to prevent __________ spread of AIDS. （2014 全国）‎ A. the; / B. the; the C. a; a D. /; the ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎ 【解析】由普通名词构成的专有名词，一般加the；特指“艾滋病传播”，故用定冠词。‎ ‎2. We are said to be living in ____ Information Age, ____ time of new discoveries and great changes. (2012四川)‎ A. an; the B. 不填; the C. 不填; a D. the; a ‎ ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎【解析】information age是普通名词构成的专有名词，前应用定冠词；后面解释这是一个什么样的时代，应用不定冠词。‎ ‎6. 用于单数可数名词前，表示某一类人或物。‎ In many places in China, __________ bicycle is still __________ popular means of transportation. ‎ ‎（2009重庆）‎ ‎ A. a; the B. /; a C. the; a D. the; the ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】单数可数名词前加定冠词the，表示类别；means在此为单数名词，与不定冠词连用，指一种方式。‎ ‎7. 用于某些形容词或分词前，表示某一类人。‎ ‎ Life is like _____ ocean: Only _____ strong-willed can reach the other shore. （2014天津）‎ A. an; the B. the; a C. the; / D. /; a ‎【答案】A ‎ 【解析】第一个空表泛指，应用不定冠词，ocean以元音音素开头，不定冠词用an。形容词前用定冠词表 示一类人，the strong-willed表示“意志坚强的人”，故选A。‎ ‎8. 用于姓氏的复数前表示一家人或夫妇二人。‎ ‎— Could you tell me the way to __________ Johnsons, please?‎ ‎— Sorry, we don’t have __________ Johnson here in the village. （2007 全国）‎ A. the; the B. the; a C. /; the D. the; / ‎ ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】姓氏的复数前用定冠词表示“姓……的一家人，姓……的夫妇”；姓氏前用不定冠词表示“一位姓……的人”。‎ ‎9. 用于表示身体部位的部分名词前。‎ ‎ ______ apple fell from the tree and hit him on ______ head. (2008 浙江)‎ ‎ A. An; the B. The; the C. an; 不填 D. The; 不填 ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎ ‎10. 用于表示计量单位的名词前，表示“按/论……计算”。‎ ‎1. — It’s said John will be in a job paying over $60,000 ______ year. ‎ ‎ — Right, he will also get paid by ______ week. (2011江西)‎ ‎ A. the; the B. a; the C. the; a D. a; a ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】 第一个空用不定冠词，相当于every；by the week“按周计算”。‎ ‎2. As a rule, domestic servants doing odd jobs are paid __________. （2004 北京春）‎ A. by the hour B. by hour C. by an hour D. by hours ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】“by + the + 表示计量单位的名词”表示“以……计”。by the hour意为“按小时计”。‎ ‎11. 用于某些地理名词前。‎ Marco Polo is said to have sailed on _______ Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in ______ thirteenth century. (2013陕西)‎ ‎ A. the; a B. a; 不填 C.不填; the D. the; the ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎【解析】表示“大海，大洋”的名词前要用定冠词；表示“世纪，年代”的名词前也要用定冠词。故两个空都用定冠词。‎ ‎12. 用于一些固定搭配中。这一用法也是此类考题常考的方面，考生应加强记忆。‎ ‎1. Let’s go to __________ cinema — that’ll take your mind off the problem for __________ while. (2011全国)‎ A. the; the B. the; a C. a; the D. a; a ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】go to the cinema是固定搭配，意为“去看电影”；for a while是固定短语，意为“一会儿”。‎ ‎2. Jane’s grandmother had wanted to write ______ children’s book for many years, but one thing or another always got in ______ way. （2015浙江）‎ A. a; 不填 B. the; the C. 不填; the D. a; the ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎【解析】第一个空泛指“一本儿童书籍”，应用不定冠词；in the way是固定短语，意为“挡道”。‎ 常用定冠词的固定搭配有：‎ all the year round 一年到头 all the same 仍然 by the way 顺便说一下 by the hour 按小时 for the time being 暂时 in the dark 在暗处 in the morning 在早上 in the distance 在远处 in the end 最后 in the shade 在阴凉处，在暗处 in the meanwhile 同时 on the left/right 在左/右边 on the way 在路上 on the contrary 相反 on the whole 大体上，总的看来 on the air 广播 on the increase 增长 on the decrease 下降 on the sport 当场，立刻 on the one hand 一方面 on the other hand 另一方面 out of the question 不可能 the day before yesterday 前天 the other day 前几天 to tell the truth 说实话 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 巩固练习：‎ ‎1. Many language experts think that the best way to learn a language is to spend time in __________ country where __________ language is spoken.‎ ‎ A. a; the B. the; / C. the; a D. /; the ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2. Have you heard __________ news? The price of __________ petrol is going up again! ‎ ‎ A. the; the B. /; the C. the; / D. /; /‎ ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】news特指下文中“汽油涨价”这条消息，故其前要加the；petrol是物质名词，在此不表示特指，其前不加冠词。‎ ‎3. This area experienced __________ heaviest rainfall in __________ month of May. ‎ A. 不填; a B. a ; the C. the ; the D. the ; a ‎ ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】形容词最高级前要用定冠词；month后有of May修饰，表特指，故用定冠词。‎ ‎4. Each member of __________ Green Peace Club is required to gain __________ better understanding of their system.‎ ‎ A. the; the B. the; a C. /; a D. /; /‎ ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】Green Peace Club是由普通名词构成的专有名词，其前应加定冠词；have / gain / get a better understanding为固定表达。‎ ‎5. Many people think Vancouver is the most beautiful city in Canada, as it is surrounded by __________ mountains on the north and east and __________ Pacific Ocean on the west. ‎ A. the; / B. the; the C. /; the D. /; /‎ ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】句意为“许多人都认为温哥华是加拿大最美丽的城市，因为它的北面和东面都被大山包围，而西面濒临太平洋。”形容词最高级前加定冠词the；mountains为泛指，不加冠词；地理名称前一般加the，所以“太平洋”应说the Pacific Ocean。‎ ‎6. You’re going to __________ with __________ today, aren’t you?‎ ‎ A. the tea; the Smiths B. tea; the Smiths ‎ ‎ C. a tea; the Smith’s D. tea; the Smith’s ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎7. It is known that drivers who are tired and sleepy on __________ road are likely to have __________ accidents. ‎ ‎ A. a; the B. /; / C. the; the D. the; /‎ ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎【解析】road是具体名词，前面应用冠词；accidents是复数名词，表示类别，前面不用冠词。‎ ‎8. The parents were shocked by ______ news that their son needed ______ operation on his knee.‎ A. a; / B. the; / C. the; an D. a; an ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎【解析】 C news后有定语从句修饰，表示特指，应用定冠词；第二个空表示泛指，用不定冠词。‎ ‎9. In the United States, there is always __________ flow of people to areas of __________ country where more jobs can be found. ‎ ‎ A. a; the B. the; a C. the; the D. a; a ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎【解析】a flow of people表示人口的流动；country在此特指美国，故其前要加the。‎ ‎10. Students should be encouraged to use __________ Internet as __________ resource. ‎ ‎ A. /: a B. /: the C. the; the D. the; a ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎【解析】 Internet前加the，特指互联网；resource是可数名词，表示一种资源时，其前加a。‎ ‎ ‎