上海市浦东新区2020届高三英语一模试卷 20页

浦东新区 2019 学年度第一学期期末教学质量检测 高三英语试卷 2019.12‎ 考生注意：‎ 1. 考试时间 120 分钟，试卷满分 140 分。‎ 2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。‎ 3. 答题前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名。‎ I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and a question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.‎ ‎1.A. At a bank. B. At a post office. C. At a travel agency. D. At an airport.‎ ‎2.A. Waiter. B. Salesman. C. Mechanic. D. Accountant.‎ ‎3. A. June 3rd. B. June 13th. C. July 13th. D. July 30th.‎ 4. A. Business management. B. British literature.‎ C. Popular science. D. Classical music.‎ 5. A. Carry a lot of cash on her.‎ B. Cancel the trip to the U.S.‎ C. Search for information online.‎ D. Try various payment methods.‎ 6. A. He will give priority to the lecture.‎ B. He will deliver a lecture to the graduates.‎ C. He will attend the graduation ceremony.‎ D. He will prepare presents for the graduates.‎ 7. A. Jack has paid off all the debts through hard work.‎ B. Jack and Sam have won the first place in the contest.‎ C. They relaxed themselves the whole summer holiday.‎ D. The robot contest was held in the innovation laboratory.‎ 2. A. Peter hardly notices the changes in his class.‎ B. Peter has greatly changed his personality.‎ C. The man was surprised to learn Peter’s success.‎ D. Peter has received training in delivering speeches.‎ 3. A. The woman forgot to prepare the gifts.‎ B. The gifts were purchased at the airport.‎ C. The man is very pleased with the picture.‎ D. The special gifts appeal to the man greatly.‎ 4. A. He didn’t take any pictures at the ceremony.‎ B. He forgot to take his cell phone to the ceremony.‎ C. He couldn’t record every detail because he ran away.‎ D. He took only a few photos because of the limited storage.‎ Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and a longer conversation, and you will be asked some questions on the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.‎ Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.‎ 5. A. By donating money to help those in poverty-stricken areas.‎ B. By reducing the price of the food that has gone bad.‎ C. By giving away tons of food to developing nations every year.‎ D. By launching a store selling food once thrown into the trash bin.‎ 6. A. The general public. B. The low-income people.‎ C. The charity staff. D. The retailers.‎ ‎13. A. $1 trillion. B. $700,000. C. $30,000. D. $50,000.‎ Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.‎ 14. A. Snow or ice sculptures. B. Parades on roads.‎ C. Chalk drawings on pavements. D. Sand paintings.‎ 15. A. He prefers to do his art work alone.‎ B. He mostly creates his works in cities.‎ C. He usually spends a short while creating.‎ D. He has attracted many people in fashion industry.‎ 16. A. Why art is not easy to forget.‎ B. The history of temporary art.‎ C. A “temporary” artist and his works.‎ D. How to make impressive temporary art.‎ Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.‎ 17. A. How English food is made.‎ B. Why Indian foods are often tasteless.‎ C. Why foods in some countries are spicy.‎ D. How spicy food was introduced into England.‎ 18. A. The food in cold regions is usually tasty.‎ B. The climate has little effect on the local food.‎ C. India and England have quite similar climates.‎ D. Spicy food causes people to sweat, cooling them off.‎ 19. A. They cover the bad smells of food.‎ B. They give the food a unique flavor.‎ C. They slow down the growth of bacteria.‎ D. They come in handy where there is no refrigerator.‎ 20. A. The mention of garlic and onion makes the woman hungry.‎ B. The plants and bacteria can live in harmony to some extent.‎ C. The unique flavor of the plants has contributed to their survival.‎ D. It takes longer time for those plants like onions and garlic to grow.‎ I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.‎ A New Hero is Here to Save the Day It’s thought that when a hero like Batman is blessed with great power, he or she must endure loneliness and suffering as a result. The Flash(闪电侠), however, makes a fun, lightning-quick and optimistic superhero. After the wild success of TV series Arrow, a TV network launched The Flash, (21) (show) the image of this Superhero, who was only a supporting character in Arrow.‎ Like Spiderman, who gained the ability to make webs and climb walls after he ‎(22) (bite) by a spider, Barry Allen in The Flash was shocked into superhero-status by accident. A strike from a lightning put Allen into a nine-month unconscious state, and when he emerged, he found himself (23) (equip) with super speed.‎ Naturally, Allen slips on a colorful suit and becomes the Flash, a hero (24) ________extreme speed to fight super-powered bad guys. But the Flash also has other purposes, namely finding out the truth behind his mother’s death and his father’s unjust imprisonment.‎ In line with superhero series standards, The Flash features action and eye-popping special effects. There’s nothing terribly innovative here, but (25) we do get is a unique superhero with a more unusual personality. (26) Allen has gone through unpleasant childhood experience, in this show he grows into a superhero (27)‎ ‎ powers include optimism. He’s got a group of scientists that not only save his life, but also provide him with emotional support and the tools necessary (28) (fight) crime.‎ A big surprise for me was that The Flash cast Prison Break star Wentworth Miller as a bad character, who uses a gun that (29) turn anything into ice. US shows began their entrance into the Chinese market with Friends, but Prison Break pushed interest in US TV series to a new height largely thanks to Miller’s wonderful acting. Now Miller’s back to act in The Flash.‎ ‎(30) is a nice surprise that this new show serves as a platform for Prison Break fans to revisit their old favorite, although this time around he’s an antagonist(反派角色).‎ Section B Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.‎ A. accustomed B. advances C. command D. common E. drain F. minimize G. precisely H. reduced I. renew J. sustainably K. victims Criticism of the Fast Fashion In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her. Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater was 31 over the years from fashion shows to departments stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl probably found her clothes.‎ This top-down concept of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or in conflict with the mad world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline’s three-year accusation of “fast fashion”. In the last decade or so, 32 in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and predict demand more ‎ 33 . Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted stock, more frequent release, and more profit. These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable—meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that—and to 34 their wardrobe( 衣 橱 ) every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have controlled fashion cycles, shaking an industry long 35 to a seasonal pace.‎ The 36 of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a $5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-plus stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage overseas labor, order in volumes that 37 natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.‎ Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont, who since 2008 has made all of her own clothes—and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example can’t be imitated.‎ Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to 38 their impact on labor and the environment—including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line—Cline believes lasting change can only be made by customers. She exhibits the idealism 39 to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity( 虚 荣 心 ) is a constant; people will ‎ only start shopping more 40 when they can’t afford not to.‎ I. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.‎ The networked computer is an amazing device. It is the first media machine that serves as the mode of production (you can make stuff), means of distribution (you can upload stuff to the network), site of 41 (you can download stuff and interact with it), and place of praise and criticism (you can comment on the stuff you have downloaded or uploaded). 42 , the computer is the 21st century’s culture machine.‎ But for all the reasons there are to 43 the computer, we must also act with caution. This is because the networked computer has started a secret war between downloading and uploading—between passive consumption and active 44 —whose outcome will shape our collective future in ways we can only begin to imagine.‎ All animals download, but only a few upload anything besides faces and their own bodies. Humans are 45 in their capacity to not only make tools but then turn around and use them to create superfluous( 过 剩 的 ) material goods (paintings, sculpture and architecture) and superfluous experiences (music, literature, religion and philosophy). 46 , it is precisely these superfluous things that define human culture and ultimately what it is to be human. Downloading and consuming culture requires great skills, but 47 to move beyond downloading is to rob oneself of a defining ingredient of humanity.‎ Despite the possibilities of our new culture machines, most people are still 48 download mode, brought about by television watching. Even after the 49 of widespread social media, a pyramid of production remains, with a small number of people uploading material, a slightly larger group commenting on or modifying that content, and a huge percentage remaining satisfied to just 50 .‎ The networked computer offers the first chance in 50 years to 51 the flow caused by TV viewing, to encourage thoughtful downloading and, even more importantly, meaningful uploading. The computer offers the opportunity to bring about a complete 52 from the culture of television and a shift from a consumption model to a production model. This is a historic opportunity. Fifty years of television dominance has given birth to an unhealthy culture. The 53 is now in our collective grasp. It involves controlling our intake, or downloading, and 54 our levels of activity—uploading.‎ Of course people will still download. Nobody uploads more than a tiny percentage of the culture they consume. But using the networked computer as a download-only device, or even a download-mainly device, is a 55 opportunity that history affords us. Therefore, the goal must be to establish a balance between consumption and production.‎ 41. A. celebration B. conversations C. reception D. ceremonies 42. A. Without doubt B. In return C. In particular D. By contrast 43. A. liberate B. celebrate C. concern D. reject 44. A. request B. support C. defense D. creation 45. A. unique B. familiar C. efficient D. loyal 46. A. In addition B. In fact C. For instance D. By the way 47. A. striving B. comparing C. failing D. attempting ‎48. A. optimistic about B. unfamiliar with C. stuck in D. ashamed of ‎49. A. transformation B. emergence C. encounter D. maintenance ‎50. A. consume B. neglect C. combine D. innovate ‎51. A. enhance B. quicken C. reverse D. extend ‎52. A. outcome B. exposure C. break D. evolution ‎53. A. puzzle B. cure C. regret D. favor ‎54. A. analysing B. maintaining C. featuring D. increasing ‎55. A. wasted B. treasured C. multiplied D. revised Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.‎ ‎（A）‎ Dame Zaha Hadid, the Iraqi-born British architect whose tall structures left a mark on skylines and imaginations around the world and in the process reshaped architecture for the modern age.‎ She was not an average designer. She liberated architectural geometry( 几何), giving it a whole new expressive identity. Geometry became, in her hands, a vehicle for unprecedented and eye-popping new spaces. Her buildings elevated uncertainty to an art, conveyed in the odd ways.‎ Her work implying mobility, speed, freedom and uncertainty spoke to a worldview widely shared by a younger generation. “I am not European, I don’t do conventional work and I am a woman,’’ Strikingly Ms. Hadid never allowed herself on her work to be categorized by her background or her gender. And she was one of a kind, a path breaker. In 2004, she became the first woman to win the Pritzker Prize, architecture’s Nobel.‎ Zaha Hadid was born in Baghdad on October 31, 1950. Then in 1972, she arrived at the architectural association in London, a center for experimental design. Her teachers included Elia Zenghelis and Rem Koolhaas. “They aroused my ambition,” she would recall, “and taught me to trust even my strangest instincts.” By the 1980s she had established her own practice in London. And she began to draw attention with an unrealized plan in 1982—1983 for the Peak Club.‎ Her partner, Patrick Schumacher, played an instrumental and collaborative role in her career. Mr. Schumacher coined the term parametric(参数的) design to include the computer-based approach that helped the firm’s most weird concepts become reality. Ms. Hadid called what resulted in an organic language of architecture, based on these new tools, which allow us to combine highly complex forms into a fluid(流线的) and complete whole.‎ Her sources were nature, history or whatever she sought useful. When her Rosenthal Center, a relatively modest project, opened in 2003, Herbert Muschamp, the architecture critic declared it “the most important American building to be completed since the end of the cold war”.‎ ‎“She was bigger than life, a force of nature,” as Amale Andraos, the dean of Columbia University’s architecture school, put it, “she was a pioneer.”‎ She was. For women, for what cities can desire to build and for the art of architecture.‎ 56. What features the structures designed by Zaha Hadid?‎ A. Free architectural geometry. B. Conventional design.‎ C. Odd imagination. D. Colorful patterns.‎ 56. According to Paragraphs 3 and 4, which of the following statement is TRUE?‎ A. Zaha Hadid taught herself to trust instincts.‎ B. The plan for the Peak Club hasn’t been carried out.‎ C. The architect’s gender influenced her work dramatically.‎ D. Zaha Hadid was the first architect to win the Pritzker Prize.‎ 57. How did the computer-based approach make a difference to Zaha Hadid’s work?‎ A. It contributes to realizing the strange ideas.‎ B. It simplifies the complex structure as a whole.‎ C. It provides new tools to translate the language.‎ D. It serves as an instrument to interpret the concepts.‎ 58. The purpose of the passage is to .‎ A. present Zaha Hadid’s life experience B. praise Zaha Hadid’s inspiration and diligence C. compare Zaha Hadid’s works in different times D. show Zaha Hadid’s great contributions to architecture ‎2020 SAN FRANCISCO WRITERS CONFERENCE ‎17th Celebration of Craft, Commerce & Community February 13-16, 2020 at the Hyatt Regency San Francisco Speakers: *Walter Mosley*Jonathan Maberry *Brooke Warner Plus authors, editors, publishers & literary agents from New York, L.A. & S.F. Bay Area Visit www.SFWriters.org to get event/contest/scholarship details, access online registration for the free SFWC Newsletter.‎ Considerable Early Discounts and Special Room Rates!‎ ‎(B)‎ ‎2019 SAN FRANCISCO WRITING FOR CHANGE A one-day conference for all writers who want to change the world through their writing.‎ September 14th at the Unitarian Center Details and registration:‎ www.SFWritingforChange.org SFWC/San Francisco Writers Foundation is a nonprofit organization Behind the Scenes of a Writing Conference When you attend a writing conference, you see a facade that took months or longer to make up. Plenty is going on behind the scenes. Let’s take a look behind the curtain.‎ The day starts long before attendees walk through the door. Registration is set up, signs posted and tables arranged. Logistics ( 后 勤 ) all fall on the conference organizers. For example, the annual conference I direct in San Francisco (see the poster above) is a simple one-day conference that takes more than eight months to put together and around 15 staff and volunteers to manage. Larger multi-day conferences have even more going on behind the scenes.‎ Overseeing it all is the conference director, a conductor who typically works with committee directors to make sure everything runs smoothly. Over the course of the conference, staffers make sure everything stays on track. It’s not unusual for staff to walk miles in a day and go without meals.‎ Conference staff and volunteers are always behind the curtains making sure your experience is perfect. The next time you attend a well-run writing conference, take a moment to thank staff and volunteers for their devotion. They deserve all the praise they can get because without them, there would be no conference.‎ 56. The underlined word facade refers to .‎ A. the effort behind the scenes B. the scenes visible to the public C. the literary masterpiece on display D. the material distributed at the meeting 57. What’s the latest time to start to arrange for the one-day conference in San Francisco?‎ A. July, 2019. B. March, 209. C. September, 2019 . D. January, 2019.‎ 57. According to the writer, the attendees of the 2020 San Francisco Writers Conference should praise the .‎ A. three speakers B. authors and editors C. staff and volunteers D. corporate sponsors ‎(C)‎ Each year, backed up by a growing anti-consumerist movement, people are using the holiday season to call on us all to shop less.‎ Driven by concerns about resource exhaustion, over recent years environmentalists have increasingly turned their sights on our “consumer culture”. Groups such as The Story of Stuff and Buy Nothing New Day are growing as a movement that increasingly blames all our ills on our desire to shop.‎ We clearly have a growing resource problem. The produces we make, buy, and use are often linked to the destruction of our waterways, biodiversity, climate and the land on which millions of people live. But to blame these issues on Christmas shoppers is misguided, and puts us in the old trap of blaming individuals for what is a systematic problem.‎ While we complain about environmental destruction over Christmas, environmentalists often forget what the holiday season actually means for many people. For most, Christmas isn’t an add-on to an already heavy shopping year. In fact, it is likely the only time of year many have the opportunity to spend on friends and family, or even just to buy the necessities needed for modern life.‎ This is particularly, true for Boxing Day, often the target of the strongest derision(嘲弄) by anti-consumerists. While we may laugh at the queues in front of the shops, for many, those sales provide the one chance to buy items they’ve needed all year. As Leigh Phillips argues, “this is one of the few times of the year that people can even hope to afford such ‘luxuries’, the Christmas presents their kids are asking for, or just an appliance that works.”‎ Indeed, the richest 7% of people are responsible for 50% of greenhouse gas emissions. This becomes particularly harmful when you take into account that those shopping on Boxing Day are only a small part of our consumption “problem” anyway. Why are environmentalists attacking these individuals, while ignoring such people as Russian billionaire Roman Abramovich, who has his own￡1.5bn yacht with a missile defence system?‎ Anyway, anti-consumerism has become a movement of wealthy people talking down to the working class about their life choices, while ignoring the real cause of our environmental problems. It is no wonder one is changing their behaviours—or that environmental destruction ‎ continues without any reduction in intensity.‎ 56. It is indicated in the 1st paragraph that during the holiday season, many consumers .‎ A. ignore resource problems B. are fascinated with presents C. are encouraged to spend less D. show great interest in the movement.‎ 57. It can be inferred from Paragraphs 2 and 3 that the environmentalist movement .‎ A. has targeted the wrong persons B. has achieved its intended purposes C. has taken environment-friendly measures D. has benefited both consumers and producers 58. The example of Roman Abramovich is used to show environmentalists’ .‎ A. madness about life choices B. discontent with rich lifestyle C. ignorance about the real cause D. disrespect for holiday shoppers 59. It can be concluded from the text that telling people not to shop at Christmas is .‎ A. anything less than a responsibility B. nothing more than a bias C. indicative of environmental awareness D. unacceptable to ordinary people Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.‎ A. Regrettably, that point has not yet come.‎ B. Elephant numbers started falling.‎ C. The existence of even a small legal market increases the opportunities for illegal trade.‎ D. They point out that they have devoted huge resources to the elephant.‎ E. In the long run technology can help make trade coexist with conservation.‎ F. One animal, as so often in the past, will attract much of the attention: the African elephant.‎ The Ban on Trading Ivory(象牙) is Unfair but Necessary As in some countries elephant population have recovered, there are competing proposals about how absolute the ban on elephant trading should be. Countries seeking a modest relaxation have a strong case to make. But it is not strong enough. The ban must stay.‎ Understandably, countries that have done a good job protecting their elephants feel this is unfair. 67. And the real burden of all this is borne by poor local people who are in competition with wildlife for resources, and sometimes in conflict with it—elephants can be destructive. People and governments, so the argument goes, need to have an economic stake(利害关系) in the elephants’ survival. The ivory trade would give them one.‎ To understand why these reasonable-sounding proposals should be rejected, consider what has happened to elephant numbers since some legal trade was authorised, when Botswana, Namibia and South Africa were allowed in 2007 to sell a fixed amount of ivory to Japan. 68.‎ ‎ A survey conducted in 2014-15 estimated that elephant numbers had fallen by 30% across 18 countries since 2007.‎ ‎69. In better-resourced national parks, drones are used to make it easier for park keepers to spot illegal hunters. DNA testing of ivory can identify where they came from, and thus whether they are legal. As prices of the technologies fall and countries get richer, both technologies are likely to spread.‎ The objection to trade in products of endangered species is not moral. When the world is confident that it will boost elephant numbers rather than wipe them out, the ivory trade should be encouraged. 70. And until it does, the best hope for the elephant—and even more endangered species, such as rhinos(犀牛)—lies not in easing the ban on trading their products, but in enforcing it better.‎ I. Summary Writing Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.‎ 71. How Supermarkets Are Changing Britain The British love their supermarkets. And there are more and more of them every year. But is this a good thing?‎ Not necessarily. For a start, many small shops can’t compete on price with superstores such as Tesco. And they don’t have as many products either. As a result, 36% of the UK’s small shops shut down between 1990 and 1996 while the number of supermarkets increased from 457 to 1,102. Supermarkets have even had a negative effect on the British pub. Beer and wine is much cheaper ‎ in a supermarket than in a pub. There are now over 55,000 supermarkets in the UK, but less than 55,000 pubs. A decade ago there were more than 61,000. These days, pubs are closing at the rate of 39 a week!‎ Supermarkets are also bad for animal welfare. The UK has high standards in this field, but some supermarkets get their meat from abroad. And in many cases, this meat is produced under conditions that would be illegal in the UK. But once they’ve got the meat, supermarkets put a British flag on the product as the meat is packed there. Dishonest? Not exactly, but it isn’t entirely true either!‎ Supermarkets have a poor environmental record too. Many of them don’t store food products themselves as storage space is expensive, so they get food producers to do it for them. This means that supermarket lorries have to make more trips to collect supplies. In turn, this increases the amount of petrol used, which leads to more pollution. Supermarkets also use a lot of plastic packaging, which isn’t good for the environment either.‎ So, what can be done to help the “little guys”? Not much really. Supermarkets have a lot of power. Many political parties receive donations from supermarkets. And supermarkets often use their money to influence decisions. For example, just before the year 2000, one supermarket gave the government £12 million to help build the Millennium Dome in London. Later, plans to tax supermarket car parks were dropped.‎ I. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.‎ 71. 何不喝杯咖啡提一下神？（Why）‎ 72. 随着每年元旦的临近，人们常常会反思这一年的得与失。（reflect）‎ 73. 几个月前举行的展览如同一扇窗，从这里，世界能看到这个国家古老的文明从哪里来， 向何处去。（which）‎ 74. 登山运动的吸引力不仅在于运动员之间的激烈竞争，还体现在运动员与自然环境的抗争中。（Not only...）‎ II. Guided Writing Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given ‎ below in Chinese.‎ 71. 文华中学的读书节即将展开，学校将给每个班级配发图书（按下图显示的比例），放置在班级中，总量为 20 本。现在学校向学生们征求意见，假设你是该学校的学生李华， 请你给学校写封邮件，描述提供的图书类型并谈谈你的意见与建议。（学科辅导类： test-prep books）‎ 参考答案和听力文字 ‎1-10 BCCAD CBCBA ‎ ‎11-20 DAABB CCDCC ‎21. showing 22. was bitten/had been bitten 23. equipped 24. with ‎25. what 26. Even though/if 27. whose 28. to fight ‎29. can 30. It ‎31-40 HBGIA KEFDJ ‎41-55 CABDA BCCBA CCBDA ‎56-59 ABAD ‎60-62 BDC ‎63-66 CACB ‎67-70 DBEA ‎71.All the development of supermarket in Britain is not helpful. Firstly, they have many products and have the advantage over price leading to some British pubs and many small shops shutdown. Secondly, for their meat produced, they hurt animal welfare. Thirdly, as the price of storage space is high, many food products are stored by others resulting in damaging environment.‎ 72. 何不喝杯咖啡提一下神？（Why） ‎ Why not have a cup of coffee to refresh yourself?‎ 73. 随着每年元旦的临近，人们常常会反思这一年的得与失。（reflect）‎ As each New Year’ s Day approaches/comes near/draws near, people would often reflect on their gains and losses in the year.‎ 74. 几个月前举行的展览如同一扇窗，从这里，世界能看到这个国家古老的文明从哪里来， 向何处去。（which）‎ The exhibition held several months ago was like a window, through which the world could see ‎ where the ancient civilization of this country came from and where it was heading.‎ 72. 登山运动的吸引力不仅在于运动员之间的激烈竞争，还体现在运动员与自然环境的抗争中。（Not only...）‎ Not only does the appeal/attraction of mountain climbing lie in the fierce competition between athletes, but it is also reflected in the athletes’ fight against the natural environment. (the fight between the athletes and the natural environment)‎ 听力文字 I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and a question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.‎ 1. W: Next person, please. How can I help you?‎ M: I just need to send this parcel to Japan the fastest way possible. Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place? (B)‎ 2. W: How much should I pay?‎ M: Well, I have painted the scratch on the front left door and adjusted the brakes so it would make 30 dollars for you.‎ Q: What’s probably the man’s job? (C)‎ 3. M: Have you heard the good news that the deadline of our book review has been extended to July 13th?‎ W: Wonderful. I was worried that I couldn’t hand in my assignment before June 3rd. Q: When must the book review be handed in? (C)‎ 4. W: Jerry, have you decided what optional courses you will take this semester?‎ M: Classical music, British literature and popular science are my favorites, but considering my future career, business management is my choice.‎ Q: What optional course will the man choose? (A)‎ 1. W: I am going to the U.S. for travelling soon. I am wondering how much cash I should bring along.‎ M: It is totally unnecessary to bring too much money with you. Besides, credit cards and online payment are quite common.‎ Q: What does the man suggest the woman do? (D)‎ 2. W: I don’t think Professor Wang is available to attend our graduation ceremony on Friday afternoon.‎ M: Actually he is. Yesterday he told me he will be present, for the lecture has been called off. Q: What will Professor Wang do on Friday afternoon? (C)‎ 3. W: Congratulations, Jack! You’ve got the first prize in the robot contest!‎ M: Oh, our hard work has paid off! Sam and I spent the whole summer vacation in the innovation laboratory.‎ Q: What can be learned from the conversation? (B)‎ 4. W: Do you know Peter has won the school’s speech contest?‎ M: Wait… Are you talking about the Peter who is always too quiet to be noticed in class? Q: What does the man mean? (C)‎ 5. W: So, I’ve got everybody gifts, coffee cups with the picture of the Sydney Opera House. M: Did you forget about us until you were at the airport?‎ Q: What does the man imply? (B)‎ 6. W: Did you take any pictures of the award ceremony yesterday? M: If only my cell phone hadn’t run out of battery.‎ Q: What does the man imply? (A)‎ Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and a longer conversation, and you will be asked some questions on the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.‎ Denmark is once again distinguishing itself in the race against food waste—this time with WeFood, a store selling items once thrown into the trash bin.‎ Those items might include anything near its expiration date — the date by which the food ‎ should be eaten. Those items can be eaten perfectly, but are considered unfit for sale by the retailers and manufacturers who donate them.‎ WeFood is not the first store in Europe to sell this kind of food, but unlike so-called “social supermarkets”— stores which specially serve almost low-income people—WeFood’s offerings are very intentionally aimed at the general public.‎ The goods in WeFood are priced 30 to 50 percent lower than those in regular stores. WeFood has already been a huge success. People have lined up before the store’s opening every morning since its launch.‎ But is this food safe to eat? Well, the “sell by” date you see on many products actually refers to its freshness —not whether or not it’s going to do you any harm. In many cases food that’s beyond this date won’t be as fresh as it once was, but is still perfectly eatable. Of course you should still be careful to avoid eating food that’s gone bad.‎ Denmark throws away about 700,000 tons of food every year, according to estimates. In fact, food waste is a major problem for the whole world. The cost of global food waste is about $1 trillion dollars a year. All of the store’s profits will go to charity work in developing nations.‎ Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.‎ 1. How does Denmark take the lead in the race against food waste? (D)‎ 2. What are the target consumers of WeFood? (A)‎ 3. How much is the food wasted in the world annually? (A)‎ When we think of art, we normally picture something which can exist for centuries. But there has always been a type of art which doesn’t last. This is often referred to as temporary art. Sculptures which are made of snow or ice, paintings in coloured sand, chalk drawings done on public pavements: it’s not that these don’t have artistic value, but they are designed to disappear.‎ Jorge Rodriguez-Gerada is a modern ‘temporary’ artist, and one who gets a lot of attention for his work. He uses groups of volunteers to help him, and his pieces take a long time to plan and create. But they are mostly talked about because the final results are so impressive. For the past few years, Jorge has been creating giant faces in empty spaces mostly in cities. To people on the ground, it looks like a garden is being created, and it is hard to see any kind of design in it. In fact, GPS mapping is used to set out the design. Then an army of workers use this master plan to create the image which the artist has planned.‎ In 2014, the artist created an astonishing face on the National Mall in Washington, D.C. It covered an area of 25,000 square metres, and it was created because the mall was getting new gardens, and the land wasn’t going to be used for a while. The portrait was of a young man of mixed race, and was called Of the Many, One. The artist says that it showed one of the millions of faces that represent the American people. After a while, the sand and soil of the portrait were mixed together, and new lawns were planted in its place. The portrait has disappeared, but it will not easily be forgotten.‎ Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.‎ 4. Which does not belong to temporary art? (B)‎ 1. What do we know about Jorge Rodriguez-Gerada? (B)‎ 2. What is the passage mainly about? (C)‎ M: Have you ever wondered why foods in some countries, like Indian and Thai, are so spicy and others, like English, are so tasteless?‎ W: Um…let’s see. India and Thailand are very hot countries, while England is cold and damp. Perhaps the answer has something to do with the climate associated with each local food?‎ M: Yeah it sure does.‎ W: But why would we want to eat spicy food when it’s hot outside? Does it cool you off because it makes you sweat more?‎ M: Well, that’s an interesting theory. Here are a couple of better ones.‎ One explanation that supports this theory is that spices hide the bad smell of food, and in a country with a hot climate and without refrigeration, that can come in handy.‎ W: Yes. What’s the second theory?‎ M: Well, the second explanation has to do with bacteria; some scientists suggest that the spices in hot food help protect humans from certain kinds of bacteria found in food. In fact, the hotter the country, the more likely it is that its food will use the kind of spices that slow down the growth of bacteria.‎ W: You mean some ingredients can decrease the speed at which bacteria grow?‎ M: That’s right. For example, onion and garlic alone can kill or block up to twenty-nine different kinds food-borne bacteria. In fact, most spices block bacteria to some extent. And if you think about it, this makes sense. As plants evolved, they had to learn to fight off bacteria in order to survive. That’s how they got their distinctive flavor in the first place.‎ W: All this talk is making me hungry. Let’s go and get something to eat.‎ Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.‎ 3. What has aroused the two speakers’ interest? (C)‎ 4. What is the interesting theory given by the woman? (D)‎ 5. Why do spices benefit people’s health in hot countries? (C)‎ 6. What can we learn about the plants from the conversation? (C)‎ The British love their The British love their supermarkets. And there are more and more of them every year. But is this a good thing?‎ Not necessarily. For a start, many small shops can’t compete on price with superstores such as Tesco. And they don’t have as many products either. As a result, 36% of the UK’s small shops shut down between 1990 and 1996 while the number of supermarkets increased from 457 to 1,102. Supermarkets have even had a negative effect on the British pub. Beer and wine is much cheaper in a supermarket than in a pub. There are now over 55,000 supermarkets in the UK, but less than 55,000 pubs. A decade ago there were more than 61,000. These days, pubs are closing at the rate ‎ of 39 a week!‎ Supermarkets are also bad for animal welfare. The UK has high standards in this field, but some supermarkets get their meat from abroad. And in many cases, this meat is produced under conditions that would be illegal in the UK. But once they’ve got the meat, supermarkets put a British flag on the product as the meat is packed there. Dishonest? Not exactly, but it isn’t entirely true either!‎ Supermarkets have a poor environmental record too. Many of them don’t store food products themselves as storage space is expensive, so they get food producers to do it for them. This means that supermarket lorries have to make more trips to collect supplies. In turn, this increases the amount of petrol used, which leads to more pollution. Supermarkets also use a lot of plastic packaging, which isn’t good for the environment either.‎ So, what can be done to help the “little guys”? Not much really. Supermarkets have a lot of power. Many political parties receive donations from supermarkets. And supermarkets often use their money to influence decisions. For example, just before the year 2000, one supermarket gave the government £12 million to help build the Millennium Dome in London. Later, plans to tax supermarket car parks were dropped.‎ ‎. And there are more and more of them every year. But is this a good thing?‎ Not necessarily. For a start, many small shops can’t compete on price with superstores such as Tesco. And they don’t have as many products either. As a result, 36% of the UK’s small shops shut down between 1990 and 1996 while the number of supermarkets increased from 457 to 1,102. Supermarkets have even had a negative effect on the British pub. Beer and wine is much cheaper in a supermarket than in a pub. There are now over 55,000 supermarkets in the UK, but less than 55,000 pubs. A decade ago there were more than 61,000. These days, pubs are closing at the rate of 39 a week!‎ Supermarkets are also bad for animal welfare. The UK has high standards in this field, but some supermarkets get their meat from abroad. And in many cases, this meat is produced under conditions that would be illegal in the UK. But once they’ve got the meat, supermarkets put a British flag on the product as the meat is packed there. Dishonest? Not exactly, but it isn’t entirely true either!‎ Supermarkets have a poor environmental record too. Many of them don’t store food products themselves as storage space is expensive, so they get food producers to do it for them. This means that supermarket lorries have to make more trips to collect supplies. In turn, this increases the amount of petrol used, which leads to more pollution. Supermarkets also use a lot of plastic packaging, which isn’t good for the environment either.‎ So, what can be done to help the “little guys”? Not much really. Supermarkets have a lot of power. Many political parties receive donations from supermarkets. And supermarkets often use their money to influence decisions. For example, just before the year 2000, one supermarket gave the government £12 million to help build the Millennium Dome in London. Later, plans to tax supermarket car parks were dropped.‎