专题12+直击高考考点之状语从句-备战2019年高考英语二轮复习语法点对点之直击高考考点 17页

专题 12 直击高考考点之状语从句 知识清单 序 号 知识要点 1 as 引导从句时侧重主从句动作同时或几乎同时进行，从句的动作可以是持续性的，也 可以是短暂的。意为”当……时，一边……一边，随着”。 Sometimes I watch TV as I am having breakfast． They sang as they danced at the party. As the day went on, the weather got worse. 注意：with 也有“随着”的意思，但它是介词，其后不能跟句子。 2 when 的用法（1）当(2)就在那时（3）在…情况下，既然(4)本该…而却 when 常用于以下句型中： ①…was/were doing…when…（正在做…这时） ②…was/were about to do…when…（正要做…这时） ③…was/were on the point of doing…when…(刚要做…这时) ④…had just done…when….(刚一…就) ⑤Hardly/Scarcely had…done…when…(刚一…就) 3 while 的用法(1)当，在…时候(主从句试题)(2)趁着(3)而(4)虽然（句首） 4 as 的用法(1)当，一边…一边(2)随着（3）因为，由于（4）像，按照（4）as…as (5)虽然 （倒装结构）（6）定语从句中用法（见定语从句） 5 as 作“像’”按照、像”平衡句子结构用法：He sings well, as do many of his colleagues. 6 It’s/ has been +段时间+since…did (动词为短暂性，句子是顺译及延续性时，句子是倒译) 7 It was +时间点+when…（当……的时候时间是） It was 5 am when we arrived at the village. It was/will be+时间段+before…(过了…才) It was/will be two weeks before we met/meet again. It is /has been +时间段+since…（自从…以来有…） 8 引导时间状语从句的名词性短语等：the day/week/year; the first time /last time/next time/every time/by the time…； immediately/directly/instantly+从句;the moment/the instant/the minute+从句？ hardly/scarcely/barely… when…; no sooner… than… hardly/scarcely…when, no sooner…than 这一结构的时态搭配：hardly/scarcely 与 no sooner 引导的句子谓语动词应用过去完成时，而 when 与 than 引导的句子谓语动词应 用一般过去时。如果 hardly, scarcely, no sooner 置于句首，句子必须用倒装结构。 9 not…until 还有强调式和倒装式： 强调句：It is not until he returns home that she will go to bed. 倒装句：Not until he returns home will she go to bed. 注：till 一般不放在句首，也不用在以上强调句和倒装句中。 10 时间、条件、让步状语从句中的主将从现（时态），从句中可用一般现在时或现在完 成时； 11 引导地点状语从句：where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere 12 注意区分 where 引导的地点状语从句和定语从句. 如引导的是定语从句，则前面一定 有地点名词作为先行词。 13 because/ since/ as/ for 的区别： because 表直接的原因或理由，着重点在从句； since 表示人们已知的事实，不需强调的原因，常放在句首； as 表示十分明显的原因，说明因果关系，着重点在主句，语气较弱，常译成由于。 for 作并列连词, 常用来补充说明原因或用来表示推断的依据, 前面常带逗号, 且位于 句中。 As you didn’t turn up at yesterday’s get-together, we missed you very much． It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet． 除了状语从句外，一些介词短语同样可以表示原因，如 because of, thanks to, owing to, due to, on account of, as a result of 等。 表原因的连词还有：now that；in that；seeing that；given (that)；considering (that) 14 so/such…that…和 so/such…as 的区别（见语法复习之定语从句）. It is such an advanced theory that few people understand it.(结果状语从句) →It is such an advanced theory as few people understand．(定语从句) 15 so + adj./adv. + that so + adj. + a/an + 单数名词+ that so + many much few little +n. + that such + a/an + adj. + 单数名词+ that such + adj. + 复数名词或不可数名词+ that 16 the same….as 与 the same…that 区别（见定语从句） the same place where….（先行词 place 在从句中充当地点状语） 17 so that 引导目的状语从句和结果状语从句的区别 so that 引导目的状语从句时，从句的谓语部分常有 can, could, may, might, will, would； 引导结果状语从句时，从句的谓语部分一般没有这类词。 They started early so that they might arrive in time. He made a wrong decision, so that half of his property was lost. 18 条件状语从句常见连词：if, unless, as/so long as(只要) , on condition that（条件是） , in case(万一) , for fear that (唯恐), providing/provided that（倘若……，在……条件下）, suppose /supposing that（假如，如果有……）, the+比较级……， the+比较级……。 19 关注 before, after 用法：介词用法 before/after doing(being done);连词用法 before/after+ 句子 20 as if/ though 引导的方式状语从句陈述及虚拟；as if/though +doing /done /to do /adj. / pp.等结构； 从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反；有时也可用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事 实或实现的可能性较大。 He looks as if/as though he had been hit by lightning.(与事实相反，用虚拟语气) It looks as if/ as though the weather may pick up very soon. (可能性较大，用陈述语气） 21 no matter +疑问词，（如：no matter what, no matter when, no matter where,…）用来引 导让步状语从句。 疑问词+ever (如：whatever, whoever, whichever,…)既可引导状语从句，也可引导名词性 从句，它们之间可转换。 22 引导让步状语从句的连词有： 1.though, although, while, even if, even though although，while 常位于句首, though 既可用于正常语序，也可用于倒装结构 2. as 引导让步状语从句，从句部分用倒装语序。 句型为：形容词副词名词（不带冠词）动词（原形）+ as +主语+ 其他 表示让步还可用介词短语 despite 或 in spite of 或 for all. For all his efforts, he failed. 23 句型：As…., so is / do / does…… A is to B as/what C is to D. 24 A 与 B 的比较句型：A ….twice larger than B./A…twice as large as B./A…twice the size of B./A…twice what 从句 状语从句 直击考点 ◆时间状语从句的考查要点 1.before 引导的从句中不用否定式谓语。常用如下句型： It will be long before...(得过好久才……) It will not be long before...(过不了多久就……) It was long before... (过了好久才……) It was not long before... (过了不久就……) 2.since 后面所用动词不同，该动词所表示动作持续时间的计算方法也不同。 since＋瞬间动词过去式(从该动作发生时算起) since＋持续性动词过去式(从动作结束时算起) It is two years since he joined the army. 他参军两年了。 It is two years since he smoked. 他戒烟两年了。 3.as，when，while 用法一览表。 类别 作用 例句 as as 表示“当……的时候”，往往和 when/ while 通用，但它着重强调主句与从句 的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生。 She came up as I was cooking.(同时) The runners started as the gun went off.(几乎同时) when (at or during the time that )既可以表示在 某一点的时候，又可表示在某一段时间 内，主句与从句的动作或事情可以同时 发生也可以先后发生。 It was raining when we arrived.(指时间 点) When we were at school，we went to the library every day.(在一段时间内) while while 意思是“当……的时候”或“在某一 段时间里”。主句中的动作或事情在从句 中的动作或事情的进展过程中发生，从 句中的动词一般要用延续性动词。在 when 表示 a period of time 时，两者可以 互换。 Please don’t talk so loud while others are working. He fell asleep while/when reading. Strike while the iron is hot. (用 as 或 when 不可，这里的 while 意思是“趁……”) 4.引导时间状语从句的连接词除上述外还有： (1)till，not...until...，until Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped. He waited for his father until/till it was twelve o’clock. (2)hardly/scarcely...when，no sooner...than 表示“刚……就” We had hardly got/Hardly had we got into the country when it began to rain. No sooner had he arrived/He had no sooner arrived than she started complaining. (3)directly，immediately，the moment，the minute，the instant，as soon as，意为“一…… 就” He made for the door directly he heard the knock. The moment he saw his mother，he burst into tears. (4)each time，every time Each time he came to my city，he would call on me. 题组训练 1 用适当的连词填空 1.If a lot of people say a film is not good，I won’t bother to see it，or I’ll wait it comes out on DVD. 2.They rushed in we were discussing problems. 3.One Friday，we were packing to leave for a weekend away my daughter heard cries for help. 4.It was April 29,2001 Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony. 5.As is reported，it is 100 years Qinghua University was founded. 6.He had no sooner finished his speech the students started cheering. 【答案】1.until/till 2.while 3.when 4.when 5.since 6.than ◆让步状语从句的考查要点 1.although 与 though 可以引导让步状语从句，不能与 but 连用，但可以与 yet 连用。 Although/Though they are poor，(yet)they are warmhearted. 2.even if 或 even though 引导让步状语从句，表示“即使”、“纵然”，用来使人注意下文所 强调内容的性质。 I’ll get there even if/though I have to sell my house to get enough money to go by air. 3.no matter 后接上 who，what，where，how 等疑问词引导让步状语从句，也可以在这 类疑问词后面加上 ever 构成 whoever，whatever，wherever，however 等。但在引导名词性从 句时只能用 whever 类词。 Don’t trust him，no matter what/whatever he says. I will eat whatever you give me. No matter how hard the work is，you’d better try to do it well. 4.as 也可以引导让步状语从句，需将从句中的表语、状语以及谓语中的实义动词提前至 从句句首，引起倒装；作表语的单数可数名词前如有冠词，冠词需省去。though 引导的从句 也可以倒装，但 although 引导的不可以。 Child as(though) he is，he knows a lot. Much as I like it，I won’t buy. Try as he would，he couldn’t lift the heavy box. 5.while 也可以引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”，比 though/although 语气弱。while 引导 的让步状语从句一般要位于句首。 题组训练 2 用适当的连词填空 1.It was a nice meal， a little expensive. 2. volleyball is her main focus，she’s also great at basketball. 3.Frank insisted that he was not asleep I had great difficulty in waking him up. 4. regular exercise is very important，it’s never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime. 5. all of them are strong candidates，only one will be chosen for the post. 6.We’ll make a trip the weather is bad. 【答案】1.though 2.While/Though/Although 3.although/though 4. Though/Although 5.even if/though ◆原因状语从句：because，for，as，since，now that 1.表示不知道的原因时用 because，即说话人认为听话人不知道，因此 because 从句是全句 最重要的部分，通常它被置于主句之后。 You want to know why I’m leaving？I’m leaving because I’m fed up with the boss. for 虽然表示不知道的原因，但其语气较 because 要弱得多，是可说可不说的话，它只能置 于主句之后，这时，for 是并列连词。如果不是因果关系，而是对前面主句的内容加以解释 或推断时，只能用 for。 It’s morning now，for the birds are singing.(很显然，鸟叫不可能是“现在已是早上”的原 因)。 2.表示已经知道的原因时用 as 或 since，即某种原因在说话人看来已经很明显，或已为 听话人所熟悉，因此它是句中不很重要的部分。since 要比 as 正式一些，它们通常被置于语 句之前，但有时却相反。 Seeing all of the children already seated，he said，“Since everyone is here，let’s start.” 3.下列情况下只能使用 because： ①在回答 why 的问句时； ②在用于强调句型时； ③被 not 所否定时。 ◆地点状语从句：where，wherever 等 Make a mark wherever you have any questions. We will go where the Party directs us. ◆目的状语从句：that，so that，in order that 注意：目的状语从句中的谓语动词常与情态动词连用，否则可能是结果状语从句，不可置 于句首。 He got up early so that he could catch the early train. ◆结果状语从句：that，so that，so...that...，such...that... 注意：so＋形容词/副词＋that 从句；such＋名词＋that 从句。 She is so good that we all like her. He is such a good teacher that we all respect him. ◆方式状语从句：as，as if/though I’ll do as I am told to. It looks as if it is going to rain. ◆条件状语从句：if，unless，so/as long as，in case，once，on condition that 等 You can use my bike as long as you return it on time. ◆注意状语从句中从句的省略现象 1.连词＋过去分词 Don’t speak until spoken to. Unless repaired，the washing machine is no use. 2.连词＋现在分词 Look out while crossing the street. 3.连词＋形容词/其他 常见的有 if necessary，if possible，when necessary，if any 等。 If necessary，I will go there. 题组训练 3 用适当的连词填空 1.The police officers in our city work hard the rest of us can live a safe life. 2.She worked hard everything would be ready in time. 3.He had his camera ready he saw something that would make a good picture. 4.Jack wasn’t saying anything，but the teacher smiled at him he had done something very clever. 5. there is a will，there is a way. 【答案】1. in order that/so that 2.so that 3.in case 4.as if/as though 5.Where 高考考点过关训练 一．用适当的从属连词填空 1.[2017 北京,22]—Peter, please send us postcards we’ll know where you have visited. —No problem. 【答案】so 2.[2016 丙卷(全国Ⅲ),41]In much of Asia, especially the so-called "rice bowl" cultures of China, Japan, Korea, Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks. 【答案】and 【解析】分析句子结构及语境可知,Vietnam 与空前的"China, Japan, Korea"之间是并列关系, 故填并列连词 and。 3.[2015 北京,25]He is a shy man, he is not afraid of anything or anyone. 【答案】but 【解析】句意:他是一个害羞的人,但他不惧怕任何人和事。空处前后两个分句之间为转折关 系,故用连词 but。 4.[2014 北京,21]Some animals carry seeds from one place to another, plants can spread to new places. 【答案】so 【解析】句意:一些动物将种子从一个地方带到另外一个地方,因此植物可以传播到新的地方。 根据句意可知,此处表示结果,应用 so(因此)。 5.[2014 天津,1]Give me a chance, I’ll give you a wonderful surprise. 【答案】and 【解析】句意:给我一个机会, 我会给你一个惊喜。 从句子的意思来看,前后两句为顺承关系, 故填 and。 6.[2013 北京,22]Don’t turn off the computer before closing all programs, you could have problems. 【答案】or 【解析】句意:在你关闭所有的程序之前不要关掉电脑,否则可能会出现问题。此处用 or 表示 "否则"。 7.[2013 新课标全国Ⅰ,32]There’s no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery another man, also intelligent, fails. 【答案】while 8.[2013 四川,4]Read this story, you will realize that not everything can be bought with money. 【答案】and 【解析】句意:读读这个故事,然后你就会明白并不是所有东西都能用钱买到。根据句意可知 此处表示顺承关系,故用 and。 9.[2018 江西赣州十四县(市)期中联考,70]I’m a successful businessman now and I think about the troubles in life, I think about that little girl and the remarkable lesson about life that she taught me. 【答案】whenever/when 【解析】考查时间状语从句。此处表示"每当我想到生活中的麻烦",故用 whenever。也可用 when,表示"当……时"。 10.[2016 湖南衡阳五校联考 ] long as he works hard, I don’t mind when he finishes the experiment. 【答案】As/So 【解析】句意:只要他努力工作,我不介意他什么时候完成实验。as/so long as"只要"。 11.[2018 甘肃天水三中 ]The lady at the desk felt so sorry for me she offered to change the flight at no extra cost. 【答案】that 【解析】考查结果状语从句。so... that...在此引导结果状语从句,意为"如此……以至于……"。 12. [2018 广西钦州 ]I was going into shock, and they called 911 and waited with me, one holding my hand and speaking gently to me that they would stay help came. 【答案】until 【解析】考查时间状语从句。此处表示"他们要等到援助到来"。 13.[2018 河南南阳一中 ]We know that tasks your group is given, a few rules need to be followed. 【答案】Whatever 【解析】考查让步状语从句。不管交给你们小组什么任务,一些规则都需要遵守。 14.[2018 黑龙江大庆四校 ]It wasn’t long I learned how to develop respectful relationships with my bosses and what tone of voice to use with kids. 【答案】before 15.[2018 湖南益阳、湘潭调研 ]However, it is reported that eating bad food for a long term not only makes us put on weight but can lead to other health problems such as diabetes, and that it can also affect our mental state result in depression. 【答案】and 【解析】考查并列连词。"影响精神状况"与"导致抑郁"是顺承关系。 16.[2018 山东滨州期中 ]It is meant to highlight the importance of reading anytime and anyplace, and it’s especially helpful children often lose some of the academic ground during the summer holidays. 【答案】when 【解析】考查时间状语从句。此处用 when 表示"当……时"。 17.[2018 安徽江淮十校第二次联考 ]War for the Planet of the Apes may not be the action and monster film that you had in mind, it’s the kind of film that will make you want to sit in silence in the theater for a few minutes after it ends, taking in what you’ve just witnessed. 【答案】but 【解析】考查并列句。句意:《猩球崛起 3》或许并非你印象中的怪兽动作片,而是这样一部 电影:在电影结束后它能让你在影院静坐片刻,消化刚刚所看到的一切。此处为 not...but...结 构,表示"不是……,而是……"。 18.[2018 河南豫南豫北名校精英联赛,47]In the state of Iowa, you live more than a mile away from school you can get a school permit. 【答案】if 【解析】句意:在艾奥瓦州,如果你住在离学校一英里以外的地方,你可以拿到学校的许可证。 故填 if,引导条件状语从句。 19.[2017 黑龙江大庆实验中学检测,69]Jogging is good exercise it doesn’t pollute the air. 【答案】and 【解析】慢跑是一种很好的运动,并且它不污染空气。Jogging is good exercise 和 it doesn’t pollute the air 之间是并列关系,所以用 and。 20.[2017 四川五校高三联考,61]Once upon a time there was a girl who, though of humble origin, was so beautiful she was famous throughout the region. 【答案】that 【解析】考查结果状语从句。so...that...引导结果状语从句,表示"如此……以至于",故填 that。 21.[2017 江西宜春四校高三联考 ] We know this is a small contribution compared to all the resources and talents already working on these issues. we want to do what we can, working alongside many others. 【答案】But 22.[2016 浙江宁波十校联考 ]White-collar workers in China are willing to postpone their retirement age blue-collar workers prefer to retire early. 【答案】while 【解析】句意:在中国,白领愿意推迟退休年龄而蓝领则更希望早退休。并列连词 while 在此 表示对比。 23.[2016 湖南十三校一联 ]Linda was quite sure that she was going to miss her train she was not very far from the station. 【答案】though/although 【解析】句意:虽然琳达离火车站不是非常远,但是她非常确定她会错过她的火车。 though/although"虽然"。 二．单句改错 1.[2018 山西 45 校高三第一次联考]But she used to be easy to get angry, especially that she was with family members only. 【答案】that→when 【解析】句意:但是她过去常常动不动就生气了,尤其是只跟家里人在一起时。此处引导时间 状语从句,应用 when。 2.[2018 安徽合肥第一次英语联考]Half a month passed quickly after I knew it, and I learned how to deal with different people. 【答案】after→before 【解析】此处表示,我还没意识到,半个月很快就过去了。意为"在……以前",要用 before。 3.[2018 甘肃天水三中第二次段考]The passenger was trying to get her name, so she wanted to post on Facebook about what had happened as a sort of appreciation. 【答案】so→because 【解析】考查原因状语从句。乘客很想知道她的名字,因为她想把这件好事发到 Facebook 上。 because 表示原因。 4.[2018 华大新高考联盟教学质量测评]I would appreciate it whether you could understand and cooperate. 【答案】whether→if 5.[2018 辽宁六校协作体期中联考]As students, we usually sit too long in the classroom, and as a result our eyes and brains get tired. But it is a good idea to play ball games, go swimming, do some running, or even go for a picnic. 【答案】But→So 【解析】考查并列连词。眼睛和大脑很累,所以应该去锻炼身体。so 表示结果,而 but 表示转 折。 6.[2018 黑龙江齐齐哈尔地区八校期中联考]My eyes were filled with tears as she wiped down the table but guided my dad to the seat. 【答案】but→and 【解析】考查并列连词。她擦好了桌子并把我父亲带到座位上。此处表示顺承而不表示转折。 7.[2018 湖北荆州第一次质量检测]Because I was very tired, with his encouragement, I finished my first mini-Marathon. 【答案】Because→Though/Although/While 【解析】考查让步状语从句。根据句意"虽然我很累,但是在他的鼓励下,我还是完成了自己的 第一次迷你马拉松比赛"可知应该用 Though, Although 或 While。 8.[2018 河南豫南豫北名校精英联赛]It’s very challenging although there are seven cases for grammar. 【答案】although→because/as/since 【解析】句意:这是非常有挑战性的,因为有七个语法案例。根据句意可知此处是原因状语从 句,故把 although 改为 because/as/since。 9.[2018"超级全能生"26 省联考]While she pulled over to refuel, she found that she’d left her handbag home. 【答案】While→When 【解析】此处应用 when 引导时间状语从句,意为"当……的时候";如果用 while,从句谓语要用 be doing,表示动作的延续性。 10.[2018 吉林百校联盟联考]Though computers are very convenient, but handwriting still plays an important role in the modern world. 【答案】去掉 but 【解析】考查连词。though 不和 but 连用,故将 but 去掉。 11.[2018 湖南怀化期中联考]It is not the result of giving a man a single fish and the result of teaching a man to fish. 【答案】and→but 12.[2018 河南郑州外国语学校第六次调研]It’s true that the job market is much harder these days. Therefore, there are certainly some ways to make a living on our own. 【答案】Therefore→However 【解析】根据句意,此处应为转折关系,故将 Therefore 改为 However。 13.[2018 广西防城港高中毕业班 1 月模拟]The other kid reached out or felt his stomach, joking, "See how big your stomach is, but you are still eating much!" 【答案】or→and 【解析】考查并列连词。前后动作为顺承关系,并非选择关系,故把 or 改为 and。 14.[2017 湖南长郡中学高三模拟]No matter how you do, being sincere was the most important. 【答案】how→what 【解析】这里应该用 no matter what 引导让步状语从句,what 在从句中作宾语。 三．语法填空 "Everything happens for the best," my mother said 1 I faced disappointment. " 2 you can carry on, one day something good will happen." After graduating from college, I decided to try for a job in a radio station 3 work my way up to a sports announcer. I went to Chicago, knocked on the door of every station, 4 got turned down every time. In one studio, a kind lady advised me to go to the countryside and find a small station, 5 big stations couldn’t risk hiring an inexperienced person. I returned to my hometown, 6 was turned down even when I applied for a job in a sports department of a store. It wasn’t long 7 I decided to try my luck again in another city. In Davenport, Iowa, the program director of a company got me beside a microphone and asked me to broadcast an imaginary game. 8 I began to work in the company, I’ve always thought of my mother’s words: "Keep on trying 9 some day you succeed. Something wouldn’t have happened if not for that previous failure." 10 job I later have done, I always think about what my mother once taught me, which acts as my guideline in life. 本文讲述了作者坚持不懈,最后找到工作的事。 4. 【答案】but 【解析】语境表示转折含义,用 but 表示"可是"。可是我每次都被拒绝了。 5【答案】.because/as/for 【解析】语境表示因果关系,对某一现象做出解释。因为大的广播 电台都不会冒风险去雇用一个没有经验的人。 6. 【答案】but 【解析】语境表示转折含义:我回到家乡,但是就连申请在体育器材商店工作 也被拒绝了。 7. 【答案】before 【解析】这里用句式"it is/was not long before+状语从句"表示"没过多久 就……"。 8. 【答案】Since 【解析】主句使用了现在完成时,而这个状语从句使用了一般过去时,因此 这里用 since 引导时间状语从句。自从我在这家公司开始工作之后。 9. 【答案】until/till 【解析】句意:坚持不懈,直到你成功的那一天。这里用 until/till 引导时 间状语从句表示"直到"。 10. 【答案】Whatever 【解析】根据句意可知,本空需要连词引导状语从句并修饰宾语 job, 表示"不管是什么工作",用 whatever。