上海市静安区2020届高三二模考试英语试题 Word版含解析 30页

- 1 - 静安区 2019 学年第二学期教学质量检测 高三英语试卷 考生注意： 1. 考试时间 120 分钟，试卷满分 140 分。 2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。全卷共 12 页。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择 题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。 3. 答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名。 I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. At a bookstore. B. At a library. C. At an art gallery. D. At a travel agency. 2. A. The man is allowed to pay his registration fees until Friday. B. If the man pays on Friday, he will pay a late fee. C. The man will not be fined for not paying on time. D. The man is allowed to pay after Friday for good reasons. 3. A. She read it from cover to cover. B. She read it selectively. C. She read it chapter by chapter. D. She finished reading it overnight. 4. A. She felt very sorry. B. She felt a bit annoyed. C. She felt shocked. D. She felt very excited. 5. A. The furnished apartment was inexpensive. B. The man bought a furnished apartment. C. The furniture at the market is on sale every Sunday. D. The secondhand furniture he bought was very cheap. 6. A. He feels guilty. B. He feels shameful. C. He is shameless. D. He is sensitive to outside criticism. 7. A. He was in hospital for a long time. B. He was slightly injured in a traffic accident. - 2 - C. He was seriously injured in a mine explosion. D. He was severely fined for speeding. 8. A. Tony went skiing yesterday. B. Tony didn’t have much work to do. C. Tony doesn’t like watching sports. D. Tony likes watching sports better. 9. A. They need more people to help them. B. They need some financial support. C. She has to leave soon. D. The idea is impractical. 10. A. Jane was lucky enough not to be caught in the rain. B. Jane was caught in the rain because she walked home. C. Jane had to walk back home in spite of the heavy rain. D. It was raining hard when Jane came back on foot. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the longer conversation. The passages and the longer conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. Staying on gum trees all day long. B. Having a daily diet of gum leaves. C. Looking for food in an extensive area. D. Storing its leafy diet in a large tube. 12. A. Because it lives only in wet land. B. Because its body gets slightly wet. C. Because it sucks its mother’s milk. D. Because it rarely drinks water. 13. A. It leaves its mother half a year after birth. B. It has been carried on its mother’s back since its birth. C. It is tended in its mother’s pouch (育儿袋) and then carried on her back. D. It stays in its mother’s pouch for a year after birth. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. Sell it at a local shop. B. Refuse the marriage gift. C. Just keep it for later use. D. Exchange it for something useful. 15. A. Because he hopes to have as many as three children. - 3 - B. Because he has to make a fortune for his wife’s family. C. Because he has no other gifts to exchange at marriage. D. Because it is a necessary part at a marriage ceremony. 16. A. What the importance of bride service is. B. How marriage customs vary in different cultures. C. What a wedding ceremony is like in the USA. D. How we express good wishes to new couples. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. French food was the healthiest food in the world. B. French food was supposed to be the best in the world. C. French food was no better than British food. D. French food was delicious. 18. A. By car. B. By coach. C. By train. D. By ship. 19. A. Uncooked bacon (培根) and eggs. B. Fish and chips. C. A big French breakfast. D. Delicious English breakfast. 20. A. The man’s parents are both teachers. B. The man is from Britain. C. The man has been to France many times. D. The man likes French food very much. II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The Shop Where It’s OK to Be Different When Angela Makey knew her autistic (患自闭症的) son Adam wanted to open a comic shop, she laughed out loud. She knew he’d been keen on comics since childhood. But how would he deal with customers and suppliers and all the other jobs ___1___ are necessary for running a business? At that time, Adam was looking for a job. He had a degree in philosophy and had learned to live independently, but there didn’t seem to be any suitable jobs for - 4 - him. The family ___2___ (hope) he and his younger brother Guy, also with autism, could find work that matched their strengths: reliability, punctuality and attention to detail. But there were no available opportunities. So the “laughable” comic shop idea began to grow on Angela. Eventually, she used her savings to buy a shop in Cambridgeshire, and seven years ago Niche Comics ___3___ (bear). Like many autistic people, Adam loves comics for their world of rich detail and visual expression. He developed an interest in Marvel comic heroes on TV ___4___ he was seven years old. “They are a reminder ___5___ it’s OK not to be like everyone else,” Adam said. He’s now 30, and comics and their heroes are still part of his life. In the comic shop, the brothers share their encyclopedic (渊博的) knowledge of comics with customers. The brothers act as guides in this universe, ___6___ (introduce) customers to new comics. The shop attracts many autistic customers. And being autistic ___7___ turns out to be a big help for the brothers to deal with customers. They are good at ___8___ (spot) the customers’ needs and feelings. “Maybe it’s the tone of the voice, the motion of a hand — small details that most people won’t pick up on — that I might have insight (深刻理解) into,” says Guy. Of course, the majority of customers who come to the shop are not autistic. Now the brothers get a steady stream of customers who are, both male and female, ___9___ young children to retired people. Once the shop had established itself, the brothers also began reaching out to people with autism beyond the shop. Seven years on, Angela is glad she took the risk of helping her sons ____10____ (create) their dream shop. “This shop has a soul,” the mother says proudly. 【答案】1. that 2. had hoped 3. was born 4. when 5. that 6. introducing - 5 - 7. themselves 8. spotting 9. from 10. (to) create 【解析】 本文是记叙文。讲述了安吉拉帮助患自闭症的儿子开商店，鼓励展现自身的不同，商店顾客 们获得好评的故事。 【1 题详解】 考查定语从句。先行词是 jobs，且被 all 修饰，在定语从句中做主语，指物用 that，故填 that。 【2 题详解】 考查动词时态。家里希望他和弟弟能够找到匹配他实力的工作，希望发生在 could 之前，用 过去完成时，故填 had hoped。 【3 题详解】 考查时态以及短语。句意：七年前，Niche Comics 出生了，用 be born 表示出生，seven years ago 用一般过去时，故填 was born。 【4 题详解】 考查状语从句。当他七岁的时候，是时间状语从句，表示当时候，从句的动词为非延续性动 词，用 when 引导，故填 when。 【5 题详解】 考查名词性从句。它们提醒我们，不要像其他人一样，解释名词 reminder 内容，只起连接作 用，用 that。故填 that。 【6 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。兄弟们充当导游，同时介绍新漫画，分析句型得知，act 是谓语动词，介绍 和充当之间没有连词，前后主语一致，表示主动用现在分词。故填 introducing。 【7 题详解】 考查反身代词。本身是自闭症结果帮助这对兄弟来和很多自闭症顾客打交道，反身代词他们 自己，故填 themselves。 【8 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。介词后用动名词，be good at doing，故填 spotting。 【9 题详解】 考查介词。顾客群很稳定，有男有女，从小孩到退休老人。介词 from…to 表示从…到，故填 - 6 - from。 【10 题详解】 考查动词不定式和固定短语。安吉拉很高兴帮助儿子创造了他们梦想的商店。帮助某人做某 事 help somebody (to) do something，故填 (to) create。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. New E-Commerce Law Takes Effect China’s new e-commerce law, which was passed last August, took effect on January 1. The law comes amid the rapid development of China into the world’s largest e-commerce market. The law aims to regulate the market and create a sound ___11___ environment. It covers the requirement for registration and licensing of e-commerce operators, taxation, electronic payment, etc. It also ___12___ other important aspects of e-commerce, including false advertising, consumer protection, data protection, intellectual property and cybersecurity. The new law will apply to three types of operators. These include e-commerce ___13___ operators like Taobao, third-party merchants who sell goods and services on e-commerce platforms, and online vendors (供应商) who do business via other network ___14___, such as social media sites. It means that merchants who sell goods through non-traditional e-commerce platforms, such as WeChat, will fall under the new law. These sellers will now need to finish their business registration and pay ___15___ taxes. The law will make all e-commerce platform operators ___16___ responsible with the merchants for selling any fake or knock-off goods on their websites. Before the law took effect, individual merchants were solely responsible when caught selling liable (负有偿付责任的) goods. - 7 - The implementation of the law may bring ___17___ on online retail (零售) companies and merchants selling goods through social media sites. Many private shopping agents (known as daigou) are considering whether to continue the service under the new policy since it will increase the management cost and lead to a rise in the product price. But the new law does not aim to ___18___ small to medium sized online retailer. Instead, it helps lay the legal foundation for the growth of the e-commerce business industry, ___19___ order in the market and further promotes its growth. Besides, the law will help clean up China’s reputation as a _____20_____ source of fake or knock-off goods. In the long term, consumers will benefit from it. 【答案】11. K 12. G 13. J 14. E 15. B 16. D 17. C 18. A 19. F 20. I 【解析】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国去年新出台的电子商务法开始生效。 【11 题详解】 考查名词。句意：该法旨在规范市场，创造良好的消费环境。根据空前的“The law aims to regulate the market and create”可知，此处指“创造良好的消费环境”，此处用名词作 定语，consumption environment 表示“消费环境”，故填 K。 【12 题详解】 考查动词。句意：它还涉及电子商务的其他重要方面，包括虚假广告、消费者保护、数据保 护、知识产权和网络安全。此处缺少动词作谓语，根据“other important aspects of e-commerce, including false advertising, consumer protection, data protection, intellectual property and cybersecurity.”可知，此处表示“涉及、涵盖”，故填 G。 【13 题详解】 考查名词。句意：这些经营者包括淘宝等电商平台运营商、在电商平台上销售商品和服务的 第三方商家，以及通过社交媒体网站等其他网络渠道开展业务的在线供应商。根据 “operators like Taobao”及“e-commerce platforms”可知，此处指“电商平台运营商”， e-commerce platform 表示“电商平台”，故填 J。 - 8 - 【14 题详解】 考查名词。句意同上，作介词 via 的宾语用名词，根据“such as social media sites.”可 知，此处指“渠道”，故填 E。 【15 题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这些卖家现在需要完成商业登记并缴纳相关税款。修饰名词 taxes，用形 容词，根据“finish their business registration and pay”可知，这些商家需要完成商 业登记并缴纳相关税款，此处表示“相关的”，故填 B。 【16 题详解】 考查副词。句意：该法将要求所有电子商务平台运营商与商家共同为在其网站上销售的假冒 伪劣商品担责。修饰 responsible with，用副词，根据“all e-commerce platform operators” 可知，此处表示“共同地”，故填 D。 【17 题详解】 考查名词。句意：该法的实施可能会给在线零售公司和通过社交媒体网站销售商品的商家带 来压力。作动词 bring 的宾语，用名词，空后一句说很多代购正在考虑是否在新政策下继续 提供服务，因为这将增加管理成本，并导致产品价格上涨，这说明该法的实施给他们带来了 压力，故填 C。 【18 题详解】 考查动词。句意：但新法律的目的并不是禁止中小型在线零售商（销售商品）。空前的 to 是 不定式符号，此处需要填动词原形，根据“small to medium sized online retailer.”可 知，此处表示“禁止”，故填 A。 【19 题详解】 考查动词。句意：相反，它为电子商务行业的发展奠定了法律基础，维护了市场秩序，促进 了电子商务行业的发展。此处与“helps”和“promotes”并列用动词作谓语，而且用第三人 称单数形式，根据“order in the market”可知此处表示“维持”，故填 F。 【20 题详解】 考查形容词。句意：此外，这项法律将有助于改变中国是假冒伪劣商品主要来源地这一形象。 修饰名词 source 用形容词，根据“source of fake or knock-off goods”可知，此处表示 “主要的”，故填 I。 III. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases - 9 - marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. How Saving Wildlife Benefits Humans It’s no secret that we’ve lost an overwhelming number of species within that last four decades. These species have all but ___21___ due to overpopulation, deforestation, consumer culture, climate change, animal exploitation, and other harming sources — all brought about by mankind. One of the first great rules of terrestrial (陆地的) biology is “no species is forever.” ___22___, this rapid loss of species today is estimated to be between1,000and 10,000 times higher than the natural extinction rate. As increasingly accepted theories have argued, we are now in the midst of the sixth great ___23___. The Earth consists of plants, animals, water, land, the atmosphere, and humans. Biodiversity (生物多样性) ___24___ the health of the planet and has a great impact on all our lives. Reduced biodiversity means a future where food supplies are vulnerable (易受攻击的) to pests and disease, and fresh water is in short supply. If biodiversity ___25___ impacts our lives in such big ways, then our conservation (环保) efforts don’t just benefit the environment, they benefit us, too. One convincing benefit that comes from wildlife conservation efforts is that it ensures food ___26___. Wildlife conservation promotes agricultural biodiversity, which plays an important role in building a secure and healthy food system. When agricultural biodiversity is ___27___ and land is cleared for agriculture, extensive habitat loss takes place, as well as undocumented loss of species and massive soil erosion (侵蚀). Another benefit that comes from wildlife conservation is that these ___28___ protect human health. Conservation International reportsthat “more than 50 percent of modern medicines and more than 90 percent of traditional medicines come from wild plants and animals.” ___29___, a world that promotes healthy ecosystems and biodiversity provides crucial buffers (缓冲) between disease and humans. A number of studies have ___30___ reduced diversity among mammal (哺乳动物 ) species and - 10 - overall decreases in biodiversity to an increase in the transmission ( 传 播 ) of animal-born diseases to humans. Perhaps the most convincing benefit that comes from wildlife conservation is that it provides us with ___31___ whether it be economically or socially. Increasing biodiversity and healthy ecosystems improve agricultural productivity, thereby allowing farms to become more ___32___. Healthy ecosystems that are home to unique species ___33___ tourists from around the world, which helps the local economy and invites in a new fusion of investment. Our unsustainable, unconscious, self-interested relationship with the environment has led us into an extremely destructible world. If we do not take action and ___34___ changing our ways, we are at risk of losing more vital and ___35___ ecosystems and biodiversity, or at least until the sixth great extinction claims one final species: our own. 21. A. changed B. existed C. disappeared D. evolved 22. A. Furthermore B. However C. Therefore D. Otherwise 23. A. extinction B. destruction C. evolution D. immigration 24. A. threatens B. localizes C. strengthens D. endangers 25. A. infrequently B. potentially C. regionally D. directly 26. A. management B. inspection C. development D. security 27. A. identified B. cultivated C. exploited D. valued 28. A. initiatives B. consequences C. intentions D. contributions 29. A. In addition B. After all C. In particular D. By contrast 30. A. adapted B. turned C. adjusted D. linked 31. A. protections B. opportunities C. services D. nutrients - 11 - 32. A. standard B. welcome C. scarce D. profitable 33. A. discourage B. attract C. forbid D. protect 34. A. feel like B. keep on C. set about D. argue for 35. A. irreplaceable B. unpredictable C. unlimited D. imbalanced 【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A 24. C 25. D 26. D 27. C 28. C 29. A 30. D 31. B 32. D 33. B 34. C 35. A 【解析】 这是一篇议论文。因为各种人类活动，很多动植物濒临灭绝。人们应该采取措施保护生物多 样性和生态系统，这样也能让人类自己受益：可以确保食物安全、保护人类健康、更是给人 类自己机会。 【21 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于人类带来的人口过剩，森林砍伐，消费文化，气候变化，动 物开发和其他危害源，这些物种几乎都消失了。A. changed 改变；B. existed 存在；C. disappeared 消失；D. evolved 涉及。前文 we’ve lost an overwhelming number of species 说明该空意为“消失”，故选 C。 【22 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，据估计，今天物种的快速流失比自然灭绝率高 1,000 至 10,000 倍。A. Furthermore 此外；B. However 然而；C. Therefore 因此；D. Otherwise 否则。空 白前后是转折关系，意为“然而”。故选 B。 【23 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：越来越被接受的理论认为，我们现在正处于第六大灭绝中。A. extinction 灭绝；B. destruction 毁灭；C. evolution 进化；D. immigration 移民。前文 this rapid loss of species today is estimated to be between1,000and 10,000 times higher than the natural extinction rate. 说明该空意为“灭绝”，故选 A。 【24 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。 句意：生物多样性加强了地球的健康，对我们的生活有很大的影响。A. threatens 威胁；B. localizes 使局部化；C. strengthens 加强增强；D. endangers 危及。 根据语境，应该是生物多样性使地球的健康状况增强（strengthen），故选 C。 - 12 - 【25 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：如果生物多样性以这样的方式直接影响我们的生活，那么，我们 的环保工作不仅仅有益于环境，也对我们有益。A. infrequently 稀少地；B. potentially 潜在地；C. regionally 地域性地；D. directly 直接地。前文 Reduced biodiversity means a future where food supplies are vulnerable (易受攻击的) to pests and disease, and fresh water is in short supply.体现的是生物多样性对我们生活的直接（directly）影响。 故选 D。 【26 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：野生动物保护工作带来的一个令人信服的好处是它能确保食品安 全。A. management 管理；B. inspection 检查；C. development 发展；D. security 安全。 下 文 Wildlife conservation promotes agricultural biodiversity, which plays an important role in building a secure and healthy food system.说明是食品安全（security）。 故选 D。 【27 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当生物多样性被开发、土地被开垦为农业用地，栖息地大量丧失， 无记录的物种流失和大规模水土流失也在发生。A. identified 辨别；B. cultivated 耕种； C. exploited 开采、开发；D. valued 重视。下文 land is cleared for agriculture, extensive habitat loss takes place 说明该空是说物种多样性被开发（exploit）利用。故选 C。 【28 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：野生动物保护的另一个好处是，这些意图能保护人类健康。A. initiatives 主动性；B. consequences 结果；C. intentions 意图、目的；D. contributions 贡献。该处应该是说人们保护野生动物的意图（intention）。故选 C。 【29 题详解】 考查介词短语短语辨析。句意：除此以外，一个促进健康的生态系统和生物多样性的世界， 在疾病和人类之间提供了至关重要的缓冲。A. In addition 除此以外；B. After all 毕竟； C. In particular 尤其；D. By contrast 对比。根据语境，上下文之间应该用除此以外（In addition）连接。故选 A。 【30 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：许多研究将哺乳动物物种多样性和生物多样性总体下降，与动物 性疾病向人类传播的增加联系起来。A. adapted 改编；B. turned 转动；C. adjusted 调节； - 13 - D. linked 联系在一起。link sth. to sth.意为“将……和……联系起来”，表示哺乳动物 物种多样性和生物多样性总体下降，与动物性疾病向人类传播的增加联系起来。故选 D。 【31 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：也许野生动物保护带来的最令人信服的好处是，无论是经济上还 是社会上，它都给我们提供了机会。A. protections 保护；B. opportunities 机会；C. services 服务；D. nutrients 营养。根据下文 Increasing biodiversity and healthy ecosystems improve agricultural productivity, thereby allowing farms to become more 12 可 知，保护野生动植物给人类提供了机会（opportunity）。故选 B。 【32 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：增加生物多样性和健康的生态系统能提高农业生产力，从而使 农场变得更盈利。A. standard 标准的；B. welcome 欢迎的；C. scarce 缺乏的；D. profitable 盈利的。前文 improve agricultural productivity 说明是盈利的（profitable）。故选 D。 【33 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：拥有独特物种的健康生态系统吸引来自世界各地的游客，有助于 地方经济发展，吸引新的投资。A. discourage 使气馁；B. attract 吸引；C. forbid 禁止； D. protect 保护。下文 which helps the local economy and invites in a new fusion of investment 说明吸引了（attract）游客。故选 B。 【34 题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：如果我们不立刻采取措施，开始改变我们的方式，我们面临失去 更重要的和不可替代的生态系统和生物多样性。A. feel like 想要；B. keep on 继续；C. set about 开始；D. argue for 为.辩护。前文 take action 说明这里是开始（set about）做事。 故选 C。 【35 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果我们不立刻采取措施，开始改变我们的方式，我们面临失 去更重要的和不可替代的生态系统和生物多样性。A. irreplaceable 不可取代的；B. unpredictable 不可预测的；C. unlimited 无限制的；D. imbalanced 不平衡的。结合上下文 以及根据常识可知，生态系统是不可取代的（irreplaceable）。故选 A。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked - 14 - A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Tea, the most typical of English drinks, is a relative latecomer to British shores. Although the custom of drinking tea dates back to the third millennium (一千年) BC in China, it was not until the mid-17th century that the drink first appeared in England. It was the Portuguese and Dutch traders who first imported tea to Europe, reaching the Continent by the way of Venice around 1560, with regular shipments by 1610. Curiously, it was the London coffee houses that were responsible for introducing tea to England. One of the first coffee house merchants to offer tea was Thomas Garway. He sold both liquid and dry tea to the public as early as 1657. Three years later he issued a broadsheet advertising tea at £6 to £10 per pound, touting ( 兜 售 ) its virtues at “making the body active and lusty (健壮的)”, and “preserving perfect health until extreme old age”. Tea gained popularity quickly in the coffee houses, and by 1700 over 500 coffee houses sold it. This distressed the pub owners, as tea cut their sales of beer, and it was bad news for the government, who depended upon a steady stream of revenue (税 收) from taxes on liquor sales. By 1750 tea had become the favoured drink of Britain’s lower classes. A 1676 act taxed tea and required coffee house operators to apply for a license. This was just the start of government attempts to control, or at least, to profit from the popularity of tea in Britain. By the mid-18th century the duty on tea had reached a ridiculous 119 percent. This heavy taxation had the effect of creating a whole new industry — tea smuggling ( 走 私 ). Ships from Holland and Scandinavia brought tea to the British coast, then stood offshore while smugglers met them and unloaded the precious cargo in small vessels. The smugglers, often local fishermen, secretly moved the tea inland through underground passages and hidden paths to special hiding places. One of the best hiding places was in the local church! Even smuggled tea was expensive, however, and therefore extremely profitable, so many smugglers began to adulterate (掺假) the tea with other substances, such as - 15 - willow and sloe leaves. Used tea leaves were also redried and added to fresh leaves. Finally, in 1784 William Pitt the Younger introduced the Commutation Act, which dropped the tax on tea from 119% to 12.5%, effectively ending smuggling. Adulteration remained a problem, though, until the Food and Drug Act of 1875 brought in severe punishment for the practice. 36. According to the passage, tea drinking _______. A. is the favorite pastime of the Dutch B. is an important British tradition C. was well-received by the Portuguese centuries ago D. could be found everywhere in the world in 1560 37. Who might be annoyed by the popularity of the tea? A. Coffee house owners. B. Wine sellers. C. Britain’s lower classes. D. Smugglers. 38. Which of the following statements about tea smuggling is TRUE? A. Churches provided convenience for smuggling. B. Fishermen and farmers contributed a lot to tea industry. C. Underground passages and boats were ideal hiding places for tea. D. The government encouraged tea smuggling for taxes on tea. 39. How was the order of the tea market finally restored in Britain? A. By passing an act related to a tax rise. B. By imposing mild punishment. C. By punishing those who sold fake tea. D. By mixing redried used leaves with fresh tea leaves. 【答案】36. B 37. B 38. A 39. C 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。讲述了茶在英国的发展历史。 【36 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句 Tea, the most typical of English drinks，可知茶， 最典型的英国饮料，可知，喝茶在英国也是很受欢迎的。选项 B 和文章的意义相符合。故选 B - 16 - 项。 【37 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段前两句：Tea gained popularity quickly in the coffee houses, and by 1700 over 500 coffee houses sold it. This distressed the pub owners, as tea cut their sales of beer, and it was bad news for the government, who depended upon a steady stream of revenue (税收) from taxes on liquor sales.可知。茶的流行使酒吧 老板很苦恼，因为茶的出售因为茶削减了他们的啤酒销量，这对政府来说是个坏消息，因为 政府依赖于来自酒类销售税收的稳定收入。选项 B 符合题意。故选 B 项。 【38 题详解】 细节理解题。结合文章第四段： This heavy taxation had the effect of creating a whole new industry — tea smuggling ( 走 私 ). Ships from Holland and Scandinavia brought tea to the British coast, then stood offshore while smugglers met them and unloaded the precious cargo in small vessels. The smugglers, often local fishermen, secretly moved the tea inland through underground passages and hidden paths to special hiding places. One of the best hiding places was in the local church!这种重税造成了一个 全新的产业——茶叶走私。 来自荷兰和斯堪的纳维亚的船只，把茶叶带到了英国海岸，然后 停靠在近海，走私者与他们会面，用小船卸下珍贵的货物。 走私者，通常是当地的渔民，通 过地下通道和隐蔽的小路，秘密地将茶叶运往内陆特殊的藏匿地点。最好的藏身之处就是当 地的教堂！可以知道，因为对茶叶的重税，促使茶叶走私的形成。当地渔民把走私的茶叶藏 在当地的教堂，所以教堂为走私茶叶提供了便利。所以 A 项符合题意。故选 A 项。 【39 题详解】 细节理解题。理解文章最后一段：最后，在 1784 年，小威廉·皮特引入了减税法案，将茶叶 税从 119% 降至 12.5% ，有效地终止了走私。 掺假一直是个问题，直到 1875 年的《食品和 药品法》对这种行为进行了严厉的惩罚。可以得知，正是因为对茶叶掺假问题的行为进行了 严厉的惩罚后，茶叶市场才恢复了正常的秩序。选项 C 和文章意义相符。故选 C 项。 (B) These are pages pasted on a college bulletin board. It lists part-time job vacancies on campus this semester. Bilingual Secretary Wanted Our International Exchange Department requires one part-time bilingual secretary - 17 - for our office. He / She must be native Mandarin with excellent English competence (better with Japanese). We ask for 8 hours a week (from Monday to Saturday), and working schedule is negotiable. However, English corners are arranged on Thursdays, and therefore we need you to be on site from 3pm to 5pm. Attractive salary and good benefits package, including chances to exchange to foreign countries, are offered to junior and senior year students with excellent secretarial skills, the ability to communicate, an outgoing personality and a strong sense of responsibility. Please hand in applications with photo, and email to uniiedgmail.com, or call 400-800-100 during office hours to get further information. International Exchange Department Advanced Math Teaching Assistants in Need The Mathematics Department is looking for two Advanced Math teaching assistants. The job is mainly to help freshmen students to deal with math assignments and projects, as well as prepare them for final exams in Week 16. We hope those applying for the position could meet the following requirements. First, it’s necessary for the applicants to be skilled at math. Second, he/she should have at least 2 As in math-related courses with GPA no less than 4.0. Third, the job asks for excellence in both professional skills and patience. For those who are interested in the position, please send your résumé to unimdgmail.com before September 15th. Part-time Job Recruitment Dr. Jessica Smith Mathematics Department Technology Support Department lacks several assistants to work at its help desk. Contents: A customer service job — answering questions, helping people solve their computer problems, providing basic teaching to new users, etc. Requirement: the Advanced Computer Test certificate; good interpersonal skills; enthusiasm. Work hours: from 6 a.m. to 2 a.m. early mornings (6 a.m.-9 - 18 - a.m.): 2 persons mornings (9 a.m.- 12 a.m.): 1 person afternoons (12 p.m.- 6 p.m.): (full) evenings (6 p.m. - 11 p.m.): (full) late nights: (11 p.m.-2 a.m.): 2 persons weekends: 3 persons If you are interested, please come to Luking Library 2F (East Side) Room 213 and fill the forms. An interview will be arranged afterwards. New position for the next semester will be released in December. Mr. Luke Johnson Technology Support Department www.examly.cn 40. If you get the position as a secretary, you ________. A. have to assist in English corner B. have a tight schedule during the week C. have the chance to be an exchange student in foreign universities anytime during university D. must be a native English speaker who can speak fluent Chinese 41. Why are there so many job vacancies in Technology Support Department? A. Because the interview is challenging. B. Because applicants have to fill in complicated forms. C. Because applicants have to work irregular hours. D. Because the Advanced Computer Test certificate is too difficult to obtain. 42. Which of the following statements is correct according to the advertisements? A. The advertisements can be found on the school website. B. Call for further information of math teaching assistants before September 15th. C. More job vacancies in the Mathematics Department will be available in December. D. The International Exchange Department needs a communicative and responsible secretary. - 19 - 【答案】40. A 41. C 42. D 【解析】 这是一篇应用文。文章贴出了几份校园内的兼职工作招聘广告。 【40 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一条广告中“However, English corners are arranged on Thursdays, and therefore we need you to be on site from 3pm to 5pm.”可知，作为兼职的双语秘 书，周四的英语角活动时必须在场。故选 A 项。 【41 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三条广告中的“Work hours”一栏可知，这一兼职工作要求的工作时段 细分了很多，所以有不少位置空缺，C 选项“因为申请者必须在不规则的时段工作”符合文意。 故选 C 项。 【42 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一条广告中“are offered to junior and senior year students with excellent secretarial skills, the ability to communicate, an outgoing personality and a strong sense of responsibility.”可知，国际交换部需要的秘书必须擅长人际交流， 也需要负责任。故选 D 项。 (C) China has long been tipped to be the next Silicon Valley, but now the finances and support are in place to make it happen. There is a growing consensus ( 共 识 ) that while Silicon Valley is not about to disappear anytime soon, its next biggest rival is already on the verge of bursting onto the international scene — not in the US, nor in the EU, but in Asia. More specifically, China. This is not just an observation based on the rise of companies like Alibaba, Baidu and Tencent. It is grounded in a more widespread move to fund start-ups in Asia to the point where more money is being invested there than in Europe. Just five years ago, Europe and Asia are neck and neck in terms of investment. In 2013, Europe made slightly more deals, 1550 compared to Asia’s 1071, but the total value of investment was $7bn. Just five years later, Asia is now four times the size of Europe with twice as many deals carried out. - 20 - Between 2013 to 2018, the number of deals in Asia increased nearly fivefold, and their value leapt to $81bn, compared to the $21bn raised in Europe. The Asian figure also shows that the continent is closing the gap on the US which saw $105bn worth of deals. One of the main reasons that makes the country so attractive is not just the huge growth in investment and high education standards, but also local and national governmental support benefiting tech companies. In fact, one of the conclusions of a recent Fortune tech conference was that China’s tech companies will soon be beating American companies on their home turf. One of the reasons is that investors believe US immigration policy is making it more difficult for the best talent around the world to find work there. Plus, Chinese companies are now able to start paying salaries that can keep pace with those on offer in Silicon Valley. Hence, when Ian Roger, Chief Digital Official at luxury group LVMH was asked where he thought the next Facebook or Google would come from, he suggested it would be a close call between Silicon Valley and China. The latter had the investment that is needed as well as a hard work culture of a six-day week. It also has a superb education system and a huge population. As Silicon Valley appears to be heating up a little too hard for some people, China would appear to be warming up at just the right pace. 43. What does the expression “on the verge of ” in paragraph 2 refer to? A. on the way of B. on the list of C. on the condition of D. on the point of 44. Which of the following is NOT a reason why China attracts foreign investment in tech companies? A. High education standards. B. Huge growth in investment. C. Support from the government. D. Higher salaries than those in Silicon Valley. 45. It can’t be inferred from the passage that ________. A. the US immigration policy is strict but talent-friendly - 21 - B. Ian Roger believes the next Google might come from China C. employees of Baidu might be accustomed to overwork D. Chinese tech companies can provide highly competitive salaries now. 46. What is the passage mainly about? A. The total value of investment in Asia is four times that in Europe. B. Finances, high education standards and support make it possible for China to become the next Silicon Valley. C. Asia attracts worldwide best talents to tech companies. D. American tech companies will soon be beaten by those in China. 【答案】43. D 44. D 45. A 46. B 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是资金、高教育水平和支持使中国成为下一个硅谷成为可能。 【43 题详解】 词义猜测题。根据第三段中 This is not just an observation based on the rise of companies like Alibaba, Baidu and Tencent. It is grounded in a more widespread move to fund start-ups in Asia to the point where more money is being invested there than in Europe.“这不仅仅是基于阿里巴巴、百度和腾讯等公司的崛起。它的基础是，为亚洲初创企 业提供资金的做法更为普遍，投资于亚洲的资金已经超过了欧洲。”由此可知，“它的第二 大竞争对手已经在国际舞台上崭露头角——不是在美国，也不是在欧盟，而是在亚洲。更具 体地说,中国。”所以划线词的意思是“正要……的时候”。故选 D。 【44 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第六段 One of the main reasons that makes the country so attractive is not just the huge growth in investment and high education standards, but also local and national governmental support benefiting tech companies.“中国如此具有吸引力 的主要原因之一，不仅是投资的巨大增长和高教育标准，还有地方和国家政府对科技公司的 支持。”由此可知，比硅谷更高的薪水并不是中国吸引外资投资科技公司的原因。故选 D。 【45 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第七段中 One of the reasons is that investors believe US immigration policy is making it more difficult for the best talent around the world to find work there.“原因之一是，投资者认为，美国的移民政策加大了全球最优秀人才在美国找到工作 - 22 - 的难度。”由此可知，不能从文章中推断出美国的移民政策是严格的，但对人才是友好的。 故选 A。 【46 题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段 China has long been tipped to be the next Silicon Valley, but now the finances and support are in place to make it happen.“长期以来，人们一 直认为中国将成为下一个硅谷，但现在，实现这一目标所需的资金和支持已经到位。”由此 可知，这篇文章讲述的是资金、高教育水平和支持使中国成为下一个硅谷成为可能。故选 B。 Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. What Your “Age” Says About You Imagine, for a moment, that you had no birth certificate and your age was simply based on the way you feel inside. How old would you say you are? Like your height or shoe size, the number of years that have passed since you first entered the world is an unchangeable fact. ____47____ Scientists are increasingly interested in this quality. They are finding that our “subjective age” may be essential for understanding the reasons why some people appear to be energetic as they grow old — while others fade. ____48____ It is now well accepted that people tend to mature as they get older, becoming less extroverted ( 外 向 的 ) and less open to new experiences. These personality changes are often considered more obvious in the people with older subjective ages. However, those who feel younger than they really are also become more reliable and less neurotic ( 神 经 质 的 ) as they gain the wisdom that comes with greater life experience. But it doesn’t come at the cost of the energy and vigor of youth. It’s not true that having a lower subjective age leaves us frozen in a state of permanent immaturity. Feeling younger than your years also seems to come with a lower risk of depression and greater mental wellbeing as we age. ____49____ Most people felt about eight - 23 - years younger than their actual chronological age (实际年龄). But some felt they had aged — and the consequences were serious. Feeling between 8 and 13 years older than your actual age resulted in an 18-25% greater risk of death over the study periods, and greater disease burden — even when you control for other demographic ( 人 口 学 的 ) factors such as education, race or marital status. ____50____ However old you really are, it’s worth questioning whether any of those limitations are coming from the within. A. It also means better physical health. B. One of the most interesting aspects of the research has explored how subjective age interacts with our personality. C. Some studies have explored the potential physical consequences of this difference. D. These findings can give us all a view of the way our own brains and bodies endure the passing of time. E. But everyday experience suggests that people often don’t experience ageing the same way. F. Many researchers are now trying to study how this knowledge might help us live longer. 【答案】47. E 48. B 49. A 50. D 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章引出了“主观年龄”这个概念，并讲述了主观年龄的认定对于人会造 成哪些影响。 【47 题详解】 空白前句指出人的实际年龄是无法改变的，E 选项“但是日常的经历显示，人们对衰老的感受 并不都是一样的”与前句形成转折，同时引起下文提出“主观年龄”的概念，承上启下，符 合文意。故选 E 项。 【48 题详解】 空白处位于段落开头，下句表示人们随着年龄增长会变得成熟，不再那么外向同时对新鲜事 物不再感兴趣，再下句更是直接总结主观年龄和个性之间的关系。B 选项“研究中最有意思的 部分之一就是探索主观年龄与我们的性格之间的关系”作为段首句，符合段落主题。故选 B - 24 - 项。 【49 题详解】 本段主题是主观年龄对于身心健康的影响。空白前句指出感觉自己比实际年龄年轻在精神方 面的好处，A 选项“这也意味着更良好的身体健康”承接上文，符合文意。故选 A 项。 【50 题详解】 最后一段总结全文，D 选项“这些发现能让我们看到我们的大脑和身体是怎么忍耐时间流逝 的”与文段中提到的各种 finding 呼应，也能较为准确地反映文章主题。故选 D 项。 IV. Summary Writing 51.Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. When Everything Gets Smart It still feels magical to light up your living room by saying “Alexa, turn on the lights.” Tech companies are adding internet connections to just about everything you can imagine. Cars, door locks, toasters, refrigerators, toothbrushes, motorcycle helmets. More and more technology powers are taking part in this trend — known by “the internet of things.” There is no denying that smart technology will lead to conveniences. You can use voice commands to turn on the lights, coffee maker and music. You can get reminders from your toothbrush to brush and tips on how best to do it. Thanks to the internet of things, you could live like the Beast in the Disney movie, with animated objects around taking care of your every need. That’s the appeal of smart homes for most people, and why they are supposed to be a $27 billion market by 2021. However, the facts are not always so rosy. The smart objects in your home can be a source of annoyance. Usually people have to download dozens of different apps to a smartphone to control everything, which means creating an account for each one of those apps. The fantasy of the smart home is that it will save us time and effort. But the trouble involved in getting various devices from different companies to work together means that many things may take longer to do. Worse still, there may be security risks. Smart home systems are part of a larger suite ( 套 ) devices, apps, websites and spaces that collect and analyze personal - 25 - data about users. To get the full benefits of smart home systems, users must share their locations, routines, tastes in music, shopping history and so forth. It might manage your digital life quite well. On the other hand, however, providing so much personal information benefits companies like Amazon. As they gain access to users’ personal information, they may capitalize on ( 获 利 ) it in the form of targeted advertisements. Perhaps that’s why Wired magazine says, “Amazon’s next big business is selling you.” Smartened everything comes with broader security concerns. Unsecured devices connected to the “internet of things” can be targets for hackers. Access to smart devices might provide hackers a well-spring of useful data, including information about when users are home — or not. Considering the disadvantages, why not slow down a bit as we head toward an uncertain future? 【答案】Connecting everything to the internet brings people conveniences. However, users can’t ignore the disadvantages. （要点 1）Firstly, the seemingly smart home is time-consuming and troublesome. （要点 2）Secondly, technology powers benefit from users’ personal data.（要点 3）Thirdly, smartened everything makes it easy for hackers to target users. （要点 4）Therefore, smart technology should be applied with caution. （要点 5） 【解析】 【分析】 本书面表达是一篇概要写作。 【详解】概要写作是将阅读与写作有机结合，要求考生既能读懂文章信息，又要依据要求规 范连贯地表达内容，总的来说，遵循以下步骤：确定主题句；寻找关键词；重构主题句；重 组支持句。本篇文章为总分总结构，第一、二段通过举例引出话题：智能家庭给人们带来了 方便。第三段讲述用户不能忽视它的缺点。其中之一是智能的家庭既耗时又麻烦。第四段讲 智能设备存在安全风险。第五段讲优化后的一切让黑客很容易锁定用户。最后总结，指出应 用智能技术要谨慎。书写时注意使用适当的连接词连接这些要点，使上下句之间具有连贯性。 概要写作的基础是理解语篇，而读懂语篇的基础是词汇，尤其是对关键词汇的掌握与运用。 在此基础上，综合运用语法与句法结构，按照行文逻辑组织语言，就可以写出很好的概要。 - 26 - V. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 你没必要凡事亲力亲为。(need n.) 53. SARS 之后, 少数人没有吸取教训，仍以食野味为乐。(enjoy) 54. 我从未意识到个人的命运与国家的命运如此地息息相关。(Never) 55. 为满足人们日益增长的消费需求，出现了一系列商品和服务，“懒人经济” 迅速发展， 其特性是省时省力便捷。(emerge) 【答案】52. There is no need for you to do everything by yourself/on your own. 53. After SARS, some people/a minority/small number of people didn’t learn from the lesson(s)/learn (draw) a lesson from it and still enjoyed eating wild animals. 54. Never (before) have I realized that personal fate is so closely related to/is so closely connected with/is so closely linked to (with) the fate of the nation/country. 55. Because/As/Since a series of goods/commodities and services have emerged to meet people’s increasing/growing consuming/consumption demands/needs, the “lazy economy” has grown/developed rapidly, which by nature/whose nature/and its nature is time-saving, labor-saving and convenient. A series of goods/commodities and services have emerged to meet people’s increasing/growing consuming/consumption demands/needs, so the “lazy economy” has grown/developed rapidly, which by nature/whose nature/and its nature is time-saving, labor-saving and convenient. 【解析】 【52 题详解】 考查 need 作名词的用法，“没有必要做某事”可使用句型“There is no need (for sb.) to do sth.”，“亲自”可译为“by oneself/on one’s own”，故该句可译为 There is no need for you to do everything by yourself/on your own. 【53 题详解】 考查 enjoy 后接动名词作宾语。“食野食为乐”可译为“enjoy eating wild animals”，“吸 取教训”可译为“learn from the lesson(s)/learn (draw) a lesson from it”，故该句 - 27 - 可译为：After SARS, some people/a minority/small number of people didn’t learn from the lesson(s)/learn (draw) a lesson from it and still enjoyed eating wild animals. 【54 题详解】 考查副词 never 置于句首时主句用倒装结构。分析句意，该句用现在完成时态，故“我从未 意识到…”可译为“Never (before) have I realized …”，“与……相关”可译为“be related to /be connected with/be linked to (with) ”，故该句可译为：Never (before) have I realized that personal fate is so closely related to/is so closely connected with/is so closely linked to (with) the fate of the nation/country. 【55 题详解】 考查 emerge 的用法。emerge 意为“出现”，该词为不及物动词，“出现了一系列商品和服务” 可译为“a series of goods/commodities and services have emerged”。该句中“其特性 是省时省力便捷”，可以用非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“lazy economy”，分析句意逻 辑可知，前后半句为因果关系，所以可以用 Because/As/Since 引出原因状语从句，故该句可 译为：Because/As/Since a series of goods/commodities and services have emerged to meet people’s increasing/growing consuming/consumption demands/needs, the “lazy economy” has grown/developed rapidly, which by nature/whose nature/and its nature is time-saving, labor-saving and convenient.或用 so 引导结果状语从句，故亦可译为： A series of goods/commodities and services have emerged to meet people’s increasing/growing consuming/consumption demands/needs, so the “lazy economy” has grown/developed rapidly, which by nature/whose nature/and its nature is time-saving, labor-saving and convenient. VI. Guided Writing 56.Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 我国教育改革越来越重视培养学生的创新能力，请你从中学生的角度，谈谈我们的教学中哪 些做法促进了学生创新能力的发展，提出改进的意见并说明理由。 ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ - 28 - ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ 【答案】China's education reform has paid more and more attention to the cultivation of students' innovative ability, which has become an important topic to promote students' innovative ability in teaching. First of all, break traditional teaching method. Change the traditional injection mode into heuristic, discussion and inquiry mode, in which case students are active explorers rather than passive receivers. Students cannot innovate unless they can think, analyze and process the information independently. Secondly, create an atmosphere of innovative education and provide a stage for innovation. As students, they are happy to learn in a loose and harmonious classroom, which can help their innovation. In addition, protect students’ curiosity. Curiosity is the driving force to observe nature and cultivate innovation ability. In teaching, only when teachers excite students’ curiosity, guide them to explore actively and ask questions boldly can the spark of their innovative spirit be lighted. Innovation is the soul of a nation's progress and the key to the all-round development of students. 【解析】 【分析】 本文为说明文。我国教育改革越来越重视培养学生的创新能力，请你从中学生的角度，谈谈 我们的教学中哪些做法促进了学生创新能力的发展，提出改进的意见并说明理由。 【详解】本文首先提出我国教育改革越来越重视学生创新能力的培养，在教学中要注重培养 学生的创新能力。接着从三个方面来说明如何在教学中培养和促进学生创新能力的发展，提 出自己的意见并说明理由。写作时叙述要有序，理由充分有依据。语言要丰富，句式尽量灵 活，如运用复合句、倒装等。 【点睛】本文要点完整，结构合理，语言有条理。文中的句式非常灵活，尤其是复合句。有 定语从句如 China's education reform has paid more and more attention to the cultivation of students' innovative ability，which has become an important topic to promote - 29 - students' innovative ability in teaching； Change the traditional injection mode into heuristic, discussion and inquiry mode, in which case students are active explorers rather than passive receivers；和 As students, they are happy to learn in a loose and harmonious classroom, which can help their innovation。状语从句如 Students cannot innovate unless they can think, analyze and process the information independently。 还有部分倒装，如 only when teachers excite students’ curiosity, guide them to explore actively and ask questions boldly can the spark of their innovative spirit be lighted。 以及祈使句如 create an atmosphere of innovative education and provide a stage for innovation 等。 - 30 -