仁爱初一英语下册Review of Units 词句精讲精练 8页

Review of Units 5-6‎ 词句精讲精练 词汇精讲 ‎1. talk talk意为“谈话”，当talk作此意讲时，不强调内容，一般指说的动作，其后常接介词to和with，表示“与……谈话”；接介词about时表示“谈论……”。例如：‎ Jimmy and Bill often talk about computer games. ‎ 吉米和比尔经常谈论电脑游戏。‎ Mary is talking with Mr. Green in English. ‎ 玛丽正在用英语和格林先生交谈。‎ ‎【拓展】‎ 辨析：speak、say和tell ‎（1）speak一词强调说话的能力、对象和方式。用作及物动词时后接表示语言的名词作宾语；用作不及物动词时，后接介词to，表示“与……讲话”，一般用于打电话用语中或较正式的情况下。例如：‎ They can speak Chinese. 他们会说中文。‎ May I speak to Mr. Black? 请问，我能和布莱克先生讲话吗？‎ ‎（2）say用作及物动词，强调说的内容。若指“对某人说”用say to sb.来表示。例如：‎ Can you say it in English? 你能用英语说它吗？‎ ‎（3）tell经常作及物动词，意为“讲述，告诉”，后常接双宾语，侧重把一件事情传达给别人。常用结构是tell sb. to do sth. 意为“告诉某人做某事”，其否定形式为tell sb. not to do sth.，意为“告诉某人不要做某事”，tell sb. about sth. 意为“告诉某人关于某事”。例如：‎ My mother tells me to get up early. 我妈妈告诉我早点起床。‎ ‎2. make make作使役动词，后接省略to的动词不定式，即：make sb. do sth. 意为“使/让某人做某事”，类似的动词还有let，have等。例如：‎ The boss made them work for long time. ‎ 老板让他们长时间工作。‎ They made us forget the past. 他们使我们忘记了过去。‎ ‎【拓展】‎ make作使役动词，意为“使……；让……”，常构成make + 宾语(sb./sth.) + 形容词/名词（作宾补），即make sb. / sth. + adj./n.。例如：‎ What he said makes us happy. 他所说的话使我们很高兴。‎ We made John our monitor. 我们选约翰当班长。‎ ‎3. a few few为形容词，意为“不多，很少”，只能与可数名词搭配，表示“几乎没有”，自身有否定含义。也常与不定冠词a组成词组a few，表示“有一点”，有肯定含义。例如：‎ He has few friends. 他几乎没朋友。‎ May I ask a few questions? 我可以问几个问题吗？‎ ‎【拓展】‎ 辨析：few/a few; little/a little ‎（1）few/a few只能用来修饰可数名词，few表示否定，意为“没有，几乎没有”；a few表示肯定，意为“有几个，有一些”。例如：‎ He has few friends here, so he feels lonely. ‎ 他这里没朋友，所以他感觉寂寞。‎ There are a few eggs in the basket. 篮子里有几个鸡蛋。 ‎ ‎（2）little/a little只能用来修饰不可数名词，little表示否定，意为“没有，几乎没有”；a little 表示肯定，意为“有一点，有一些”。例如：‎ There is little ink in my bottle. Can you give me a little ink? ‎ 我的瓶子里没有墨水了，你能给我点儿墨水吗？‎ ‎4. must ‎（1）must作情态动词， 表示“必须”。可用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句，用于否定句时，mustn’t的意为“一定不要，不能”，而不表示“不必”。例如：   ‎ Must I finish the work tonight?  我必须今晚完成这项工作吗?  ‎ You must study hard. 你必须努力学习。‎ We mustn’t leave her by herself． 我们一定不要把她单独留下。‎ ‎（2）对于must开头的一般疑问句，若作否定回答，可以用needn’t，不用 mustn’t。例如：  ‎ ‎—Must I clean all the rooms? 这些房间我都得清扫吗?‎ ‎  —No, you needn’t. 不必了。‎ ‎5. borrow borrow作动词，意为“借，借入，借用”。例如：‎ May I borrow your bike? 我可以借你的自行车吗？‎ You can borrow the book from the library. 你可以从图书馆借这本书。‎ ‎【拓展】‎ ‎ borrow和lend的辨析：‎ ‎(1) borrow是“借进”，即说话人向别人借东西供自己用，常用于borrow sth. from sb. / somewhere结构，意为“从某人/某地借来某物”。例如：‎ He borrowed a lot of money from the bank. 他从银行借了很多钱。‎ ‎(2) lend是“借出”，即说话人把自己的东西借给别人用，常用于lend sth. to sb. 或lend sb. sth.结构中，意为“借给某人某物”。例如：‎ I don’t like to lend my TV set to Tom. 我不想把电视机借给Tom。‎ ‎6. sleep ‎ sleep作动词，意为“睡觉”，强调持续的动作。sleep的过去式为slept。例如：‎ You should sleep eight hours a day. 一天你应该睡八小时。‎ ‎ I slept late this morning, so I was late for school. 今天早上睡过了头，所以我迟到了。‎ ‎【拓展】‎ ‎ (1) sleep还可以作名词，意为“睡眠”。例如：‎ ‎ How many hours’ sleep do you need? 你需要多少小时的睡眠？‎ ‎ fall into a deep sleep酣然入睡 ‎ ‎ go to sleep入睡，睡着 ‎ (2) sleeping作形容词，意为“睡着的；熟睡的”，通常作定语。例如：‎ ‎ There is a sleeping baby in the bed. 床上有一个睡着的婴儿。‎ ‎ (3) sleepy作形容词，意为“困倦的”，通常作定语和表语。例如：‎ ‎ I feel sleepy after a long walk. 经过长时间的散步后，我感觉很困倦。‎ ‎7. cost ‎ cost是动词，意为“花费”。它的主语一般是事物，其后接表示金钱的名词作宾语。例如：‎ ‎ The coat costs me 200 yuan. 那件外套花了我200元。‎ ‎【拓展】表示“花费”的spend、take、cost和pay的辨析：‎ 词语 主语 结构 spend 人(sb.)‎ sb. spends + 时间或金钱+ (in) doing sth. /on sth.‎ take it作形式主语 It takes sb. some time to do sth.(真正主语)‎ pay 人(sb.)‎ sb. pays + 金钱+ for sth.‎ cost sth.(物)‎ sth. costs sb. + 金钱 例如：‎ ‎ I spent 3 hours (in) doing /on my homework yesterday. 昨天我花了三个小时做作业。‎ ‎ It took me four hours to go to Wuhan by bus. 乘公共汽车去武汉花了我四个小时。‎ ‎ I paid six yuan for the pen. 我花了六元钱买这支笔。‎ ‎ My English book cost me five yuan. 我的英语书花了我五元钱。 8. miss ‎ miss为动词，意为“想念，思念”。例如：‎ ‎ I’ll miss you when you go to Canada. 你到了加拿大以后，我一定会想你。‎ ‎ 【拓展】‎ ‎(1) miss作动词还有“未击中，未抓住”的意思。例如：‎ ‎ I tried to hit the ball but I missed. 我努力地想击中球，但却未成功。‎ ‎(2) miss还可意为“未赶上，错过”，是动词。例如：‎ ‎ I missed the football match on TV last night. 我错过了昨天晚上电视中的足球赛。‎ ‎(3) miss与like; mind; finish; enjoy; practice; be busy; stop; can’t help; give up等词一样后接动词的-ing形式。例如：‎ ‎ I don’t want to miss seeing that film on television tonight.‎ 我不想错过今晚在电视上看那部影片的机会。‎ ‎9. both ‎ (1) 代词，意为“两者，双方，两人”。例如：‎ ‎ Both of the flowers are very beautiful. = The flowers are both very beautiful. ‎ 这两朵花都很漂亮。‎ ‎(2) 形容词，意为“两者的，双方的”。例如：‎ ‎ She wants both dictionaries. 这两本字典她都想要。‎ ‎ Both the answers are wrong. 这两个答案都是错的。‎ ‎(3) 副词，意为“两者，两者都是”，常用于行为动词之前，be动词、助动词、情态动词后。例如：‎ ‎ They can both dance. 他们俩都会跳舞。 (4) both…and意为“……和……都，既……又……”，用于连接两个并列成分，连接并列主语时，谓语动词应该用复数形式。例如：‎ ‎ Both you and your sister like it very much. 你和你姐姐都非常喜欢它。‎ ‎【拓展】‎ ‎ (1) 当both用于否定句时，表示“并非两者都……”。例如：‎ ‎ I don’t like both the sweaters. 这两件毛衣，我并不都喜欢。‎ ‎ (2) both…and…的否定形式为neither…nor…意为“既不……也不……”。例如：‎ ‎ He can speak neither French nor English. 他既不会法语也不会英语。‎ ‎10. once ‎（1）once用作副词，意为“一次”。两次是“twice”，三次是“three times”，四次是“four ‎ times”。 多余两次都可用times表示。例如： ‎ The old professor comes to see us once a week. 那个老教授一周来看我们一次。 ‎ ‎—How often does he come here? 他(每隔)多久来一次?‎ ‎—Three times a month. 每月三次。‎ ‎（2）once用作副词时，意为“曾经；一度；从前”。它是一个不确定的时间副词，其位置一般是在行为动词之前，系动词之后。例如： ‎ Once he lived in America, but now he lives in England.‎ 他曾经生活在美国，但现在他生活在英国。 ‎ ‎【注意】‎ once用作副词时，在句中的位置不同表示的意思也不同。例如：‎ I once went to Shanghai. 我曾经去过上海。 　　 ‎ I went to Shanghai once. 我去过上海一次。 ‎ ‎（3）once构成的一些短语的用法： ‎ ‎　 1）at once表示“立刻；马上”。 例如：‎ ‎　　 Finish the task at once. 请立刻完成任务。 ‎ ‎　 2）once again表示“再一次；又一次”，相当于once more。 　　 Read the passage once more. 把课文再读一遍。‎ 词汇精练 I. 英汉互译。‎ ‎1. 快点，加油 6. on the second floor ‎ ‎2. 步行 7. in front of ‎ ‎3. 去上学 8. model plane(s) ‎ ‎4. 多久一次 9. talk about ‎ ‎5. 平日，工作日 10. family photo ‎ II. 根据句意及首字母提示写出所缺单词。‎ ‎1. Look! There is a big b_______ over the river.‎ ‎2. — How far is it from your home to school?‎ ‎ — It’s about five hundred m_________.‎ ‎3. Go a______ Zhong Hua Road until you see a hospital. The bank is next to it.‎ ‎4. If you get up late, you’ll m_______ the early bus.‎ ‎5. You must be c_______ when you want to go across the bridge.‎ ‎6.—Which s_______ do you like best？‎ ‎—English. ‎ ‎7. There are a f______ students in the classroom, and I find Tom. ‎ ‎8. I often b_______ books from the library. ‎ ‎9. It is i_______ to fly kites in spring. ‎ ‎10. Xiao Hong is the best student in her class. She always works h_____. ‎ III. 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空。‎ ‎1. She seldom (watch) TV on weekdays. ‎ ‎2. He always (go) to bed before 10 p.m..‎ ‎3. The school life of American students (be) different from ours.‎ ‎4. I’m (look) for my pen everywhere, but can’t find it.‎ ‎5. My classmates are (friend) to me.‎ ‎6. My cousin is (play) with his pet dog.‎ ‎7. There (be) many flowers in the garden.‎ ‎8. I don’t (hear) from my friends for a long time.‎ ‎9. I can hear you (play) the piano. It’s beautiful. But it’s too loud.‎ ‎10. Many people (lose one’s life) in traffic accidents last year.‎ ‎【参考答案】‎ I. 根据汉语或首字母提示完成下列句子。‎ ‎1. come on 2. on foot 3. go to school 4. how often 5. on weekdays ‎6. 在第二层 7. 在……前面 8. 飞机模型 9. 谈论 10. 全家福 II. 用括号中所给单词适当形式填空（每空不限一词）。‎ ‎1. bridge 2. meters 3. along 4. miss 5. careful ‎6. subject 7. few 8.borrow 9.interesting 10. hard III. 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文通顺、正确、连贯(每个单词限用一次)。‎ ‎1. watches 2. goes 3. is 4. looking 5. friendly ‎6. playing 7. are/were 8. hear 9. playing 10. lost their lives 句式精讲 ‎1. What about yours?‎ ‎（1）“What about…= How about…”意为“……怎么样”，用来征求别人的意见，了解情况或提出建议。其后可以接名词或者是代词，接代词时要用宾格。例如：‎ What about the book? 那本书怎么样？‎ I like this car, what about you? 我喜欢这辆汽车，你呢？‎ ‎（2）What about后接动词时，一定要用动词的-ing形式，例如：‎ What about going shopping? 去购物怎么样？‎ What about drinking a cup of tea? 喝杯茶怎么样？‎ ‎2. What do you think of it?‎ ‎ (1) What do/does sb. think of…? 这是询问某人对某事（人）的看法常用的句型，意为“……认为……怎么样？”，答语往往是对某物（人）的评价。例如：‎ ‎—What do you think of the book written by him?‎ 你认为他写的那本书怎么样？‎ ‎—It is very good. 很好。‎ ‎(2) What do you think of…?可以和How do you like…?互换。例如：‎ ‎ What do you think of the film? = How do you like the film? ‎ 你认为这部电影怎么样？‎ ‎3. Oh, It’s time for class.‎ It’s time for后接名词或动词-ing形式，意为“该到做某事的时间了”； It’s time to+动词原形，也表示“该到做某事的时间了”。例如：‎ It is time to leave. = It is time for leaving. 该是离开的时候了。‎ It’s time for school. 该上学了。‎ ‎【注意】‎ It’s time to…中间也可以加上for sb.， 表示“该到某人做某事的时间了”。 例如：‎ It is time for us to go to bed. 该是我们睡觉的时候了。‎ ‎4. Why not go upstairs and have a look? “Why not + 动词原形 + 其他？”相当于“Why don’t you + 动词原形 + 其他？”并不表示疑 问，而是作建议、询问。例如：‎ ‎ — Why not play football with us? 为什么不和我们去踢足球呢？‎ ‎ — That sounds like a good idea. 这是个好主意。‎ ‎【拓展】‎ ‎(1) Why not?意为“为什么不”，询问被否定的原因。例如：‎ ‎ — You can’t go there alone. 你不能单独去那里。‎ ‎ — Why not? 为什么不呢？‎ ‎(2) why not用在口语中表示赞同，意为“当然，好啊”。例如：‎ ‎ — Let’s go to the movies. 我们看电影吧。‎ ‎ — Why not? 好啊！‎ ‎5. Now I’m helping my father clean the study.‎ ‎ help是及物动词，意为“帮助，帮忙”。help sb. do sth.意为“帮助某人做某事”。此句型也可以说成：help sb. to do sth.。例如：‎ He helps me to learn English.= He helps me learn English. 他帮助我学习英语。‎ ‎【拓展】‎ ‎ (1) help sb. with sth.在某事上帮助某人 例如：‎ My maths teacher helps me with my maths. 我的数学老师在数学上帮助我。‎ ‎ (2) help 也可以作名词，作名词时常用于下列短语：‎ with one’s help= with the help of 在……的帮助下 例如：‎ ‎ With Mary’s help, I made rapid progress in English learning. = ‎ With the help of Mary, I made rapid progress in English learning. ‎ 在Mary的帮助下，我在英语学习方面进步很快。‎ ‎6. It’s good to help children and old people cross the street.‎ ‎ It is/was + adj. + to do sth. 意为“做某事是……的”，to do sth.为句子的真正的主语，而it为形式主语，形式主语不能用别的词来代替，句中可在形容词后加for sb.，意为“对于某人来说，做某事是……的”。例如：‎ ‎ It’s important for us to learn a foreign language. 对我们来说，学习一门外语是相当重要的。‎ ‎ It’s necessary for us to eat more fruit and vegetables. 对我们来说，多吃蔬菜和水果是必要的。‎ ‎【拓展】‎ ‎ 这个句型中的for sb.有时也可以用of sb. 二者意义有区别：‎ ‎ (1) 在It’s + adj. + for sb. to do sth. 中，for sb.意为“对某人来说”，句中的形容词是用来说明to do sth.的，形式主语只能用it。例如：‎ ‎ It’s necessary for the students to do some housework. 对于学生们来说，做些家务是十分必要的。‎ ‎ (2) 在It’s + adj. + of sb. to do sth. 中of sb. 意为“某人……”，句中形容词可与逻辑主语sb. 构成系表结构，即形容词是用来说明或形容sb.（某人）的。例如：‎ ‎ It’s very kind of you to help us. 你能帮助我们真是太好了。‎ 句式精练 I. 按要求完成句子。‎ ‎1. Mary does her homework in the evening . （改为一般疑问句）‎ ‎ ________ Mary ________ her homework in the evening?‎ ‎2. The girls like art because it’s interesting.(对划线部分提问) ‎ ‎________ ________ the girls like art?‎ ‎3. Her friend has geography on Friday. (对划线部分提问)‎ ‎ _________ _________ her friend have geography?‎ ‎4. My favorite sport is football. (同义句改写)‎ I ________playing football _______.‎ ‎5. I can watch TV once a week. (对划线部分提问)‎ ‎ _______ ________ can you watch TV a week?‎ ‎6. There are some teachers in the teachers’ room.(改否定句)‎ ‎ There teachers in the teachers’ room.‎ ‎ 7. Put it on the shelf. (改为否定句)‎ ‎ it on the shelf.‎ ‎8. —What time is it? (改同义句)‎ ‎ —It’s 9:45. ‎ ‎ —What time is it?‎ ‎ —It’s a 10.‎ ‎ 9. Why don’t you go there by bus? (改同义句)‎ ‎ Why there by bus?‎ ‎ 10. Kangkang wants to rent a house with furniture. (就划线部分提问)‎ ‎ house does Kangkang want to rent?‎ II. 根据汉语提示，完成句子。‎ ‎1.我不喜欢历史，但我喜欢地理。‎ I __________ _________history, but I like _________.‎ ‎2. 你用这个房间做什么？‎ ‎___________ do you use that room __________?‎ ‎3. 桌上有许多书。‎ There are __________ ____________ _________ books ________ the desk.‎ ‎4.他正在长城上拍照片。‎ He’s _______ ________on the Great Wall.‎ ‎5.我们能互相帮助。‎ We can help_______ _______.‎ ‎6. 你的卧室在哪里？ 在二楼。‎ ‎ ___________ ___________ your bedroom? It’s ________ __________ ___________ floor.‎ ‎7. 书房在我的卧室隔壁。‎ ‎ The study is ___________ ____________ my bedroom.‎ ‎8. 让我们看一会儿电视。‎ ‎ Let’s watch TV ___________ ____________ ___________.‎ ‎9. 她能用英语和老师谈话。‎ She can _______ ______ her teacher in English.‎ ‎10. 我们想了解美国学生的校园生活。‎ We’d _______ _______ _______about the school life of American students.‎ III. 补全对话。 从方框中选择恰当的句子补全对话（有两个多余选项）。‎ A. The early bird catches the worm.‎ B. How does she usually go to work?‎ C. By bike.‎ D. How often does she go to work？‎ E. She has lunch in the factory.‎ F. What about you?‎ G. Come on!‎ A：Hi, Wang Li! What time do you usually get up on weekdays?‎ B：I always get up at about six o’clock.‎ A： 1 How do you usually go to school?‎ B： 2 But sometimes I go to school by bus.‎ A：By the way, where does your mother work?‎ B：She works in a factory. She makes shoes.‎ A： 3 ‎ B：She usually goes to work by subway.‎ A：Where does she have lunch?‎ B： 4 It takes her too much time to come back home for lunch.‎ A：Oh, it’s time for class. 5 ‎ B：Let’s go.‎ IV.从下面方框中选择适当的单词填入短文空格内（每词限用一次）。‎ three, eat, homework, work, at, they, bus, get, after, bed, shop Tom and his sister Amy are students. Tom takes a 1 to school every day, and Amy ‎ does too. Some of 2 friends walk to school. Tom and Amy 3 home at four o’clock in the afternoon. They do their 4 before dinner, and they play computer games 5 dinner. They usually go to 6 early in the evening. Tom and Amy have 7 meals(餐，饭) a day: breakfast, lunch and dinner. They have breakfast 8 home. On school days, they have lunch at school.‎ They usually 9 dinner at home. Their father comes home from 10 at six and their mother cooks dinner at seven.‎ ‎【参考答案】‎ I. 按要求完成句子。‎ ‎1. Does，do 2. Why do 3. When does 4. like, best 5. How often ‎6. aren’t any 7. Don’t put 8. quarter to 9. not go 10.What kind of II. 根据汉语提示，完成句子。‎ ‎1. don’t like，geography 2. What, for 3. a lot of, on 4. taking photos 5. each other ‎6. Where is, on the second 7. next to 8. for a while/ moment 9. talk to/talk with ‎10. like to know/learn III. 补全对话。‎ ‎1-5 ACBEG IV.从下面方框中选择适当的单词并用其正确形式填入短文空格内（每词限用一次）。‎ ‎1. bus 2. their 3. get 4. homework 5. after ‎6. bed 7. three 8. at 9. eat 10. work