- 53.50 KB
- 2021-10-11 发布
- 1、本文档由用户上传，淘文库整理发布，可阅读全部内容。
- 2、本文档内容版权归属内容提供方，所产生的收益全部归内容提供方所有。如果您对本文有版权争议，请立即联系网站客服。
- 3、本文档由用户上传，本站不保证质量和数量令人满意，可能有诸多瑕疵，付费之前，请仔细阅读内容确认后进行付费下载。
- 网站客服QQ：403074932
现在进行时
一、概念
现在进行时表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作．
结构：助动词 be ( am / is / are ) +现在分词.
二、 现在分词的构成：
1.大多数动词后可在动词后直接加-ing．
Eg: carry-carrying,catch-catching,drink-drinking, enjoy-enjoying hurry-hurrying ,do-doing , read-reading , think-thinking
2. 如果动词以-e结尾,则去掉-e,再加-ing,
如come-coming , have-having , make-making,ride-riding,write-writing,take-taking,use-using．
3. 如果动词只有一个元音字母,而其后跟有一个辅音字母时,将此辅音字母双写,再加-ing
如： hit-hitting,let-letting, put-putting,run-running,sit-sitting．
4. 如果动词有两个音节,且重音在第二个音节上,则末尾的辅音字母须双写,再加-ing,
如: for’get-forgetting,pre’fer-preferring,up’set-upsetting．试比较 ’benefit/benfiting, ’differ/differing,’profit/profiting,这些词的重音在第一个音节上,因此其末尾的辅音字母不双写．
5. 以 -ic 结尾的动词,应先把 -ic 变为 -ick,再加 -ing,eg: panic/panicking,picnic/picnicking,但 lie/lying ,die/dying,tie/tying是特殊变化要记住．
三、句型结构：
1.现在进行时的肯定形式、否定形式、疑问形式及其回答,所有变化都体现在助动词 be ( is / am / are ) 上．
1)现在进行时的肯定形式：主语+be(am/ is/are)+doing+其他成分
I am singing . They are writing .
2)现在进行时的否定形式:主语+be(am/ is/are)+not +doing+其他成分
I am not singing . They aren’t writing .
3）一般疑问句及回答：be(am/ is/are)+ 主语+doing+其他成分
Am I singing ? Yes ,you are . / No ,you aren’t .
Are they writing ? Yes ,they are . / No ,they aren’t .
4)特殊疑问句及回答:特殊疑问词+be(am/ is/are)+主语+doing+其他成分
What are you doing ? We are playing (要求就提问内容具体回答).
2. 缩写形式如下:
I am---I’m You are---You’re He is---He’s She is---She’s
It is---It’s We are---We’re They are---They’re
3.说明: 不是所有动词都能用现在进行时态的,如：
see、like、want、know 等动词往往都不用进行时态．
四．用法：
1.表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情．往往与 now,at the moment,just 等副词连用,以示强调．
We are waiting for you. What are you doing? Some one’s knocking at the door．
2.正在进行着的动作可视为未完成的动作：
He’s talking to his friends in the classroom.
可用 still 一词强调动作的持续性
He’s still talking to his friends in the classroom.
3. 表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行．
Mr. Black is writing another article.
Don’t take that book away. Your father’s using it.
She is learning piano under Mr. Black.
4.现在进行时可用来表示不会长期发生的动作或情况,或被认为在短期内正在进行的动作或存在的情况：
What’s your brother doing these days? He’s studying English at Oxford University.
5.现在进行时也可以用来表示当前的动向：
People are becoming more and more beautiful these days.
6. 表示渐变的动词有：become,turn,get,grow,run,go,begin等．
The leaves are turning brown.
It’s getting colder and colder.
7.与always,constantly,forever 等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有说话人的主观色彩．
You are always changing your mind.
8. 现在进行时(以及 be going to）可以表示为将来安排好的活动和事件 We’re spending next winter in China. 用arrive,come,go,leave 等动词的现在进行时描写行 程安排,也通常有“将到达”和“将离去”的意思： He’s arriving tomorrow morning.
9.当现在进行时表示某事发生的次数过多时,则有时含有抱怨,讨厌,赞扬等的意思：
He is always singing at night,and we can’t fall asleep late at night.
练习
一.用现在进行时完成下列句子:
1. ______you__________(fly) a kite? Yes,_______.
2. ______you___________(sit) in the boat?
3. ______he_____________(talk) with me?
4. We_______________(play) football now.
5. What_________you__________(do)?
6. I_____________(sing) an English song.
7. What________he____________(mend)?
8. He______________(mend) a car.
9. These boys _________ (play) tennis on the playground.
10. My mother______________ (cook) in the kitchen.
11. We can’t help you,because we ____________ (have )classes.
12. ________ the boy ___________ (write) his homework?
13. Look! These butterflies _________ (fly) in the sky.
14. Listen! The girl ___________ (sing) in the next room.
15. The naughty boy __________ (swim) in the river.
二.选择
1. Look. Lucy is_____ a new bike today.
A. jumping B. running C. riding D takeing
2. The children _____ football.
A. is playing B. are playing C. play the D. play a
3. They ______TV in the evening. They do their homework.
A. are watching B. can’t watching C. don’t watch D. don’t watching
4. Listen! She____ in the classroom.
A. is singing B. sing C .to sing D. is sing
5. ______are you eating? I’m eating ______ meat.
A. What,some B. Which,any C. Where,not D. What,a
6. Is she ____ something?
A. eat B. eating C. eatting D. eats
7.My dictionary ___,I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
A. has lost,don’t find B. is missing,don’t find C. has lost,haven’t found D. is missing,haven’t found.
8..Having a computer for personal use is no easy task because technology _______ so rapidly.
A. is changing B. has changed C. will have changed D. will change
9. The building_______ ,I can’t stand the noise.
A. was being built B. is built C. is being built D. builds
10. I can’t catch up with the fashion,because the clothes style_______ all the time.
A. has changed B. is changed C. is changing D. changed
11. It’s six in the afternoon. The Greens_______ lunch together.
A. has B. are having C. have had D. had had
12. Don’t make any noise while the students_______ to the class.
A. are listening B. listened C. have listened D. had listened
13. Jack and Ketty_______ in the lake. Let’s join them,shall we?
A. swim B. have swum C. swam D. are swimming
14. Look! The children_______ basketball on the playground.
A. plays B. played C. is playing D. are playing
15. The kite_______ high in the sky now. It looks like a big bird.
A. has flown B. is flying C. was flying D. flew
一般过去时的用法及结构
1． 一般过去时的基本用法
一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，也可表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last week, last night, in 2003, two days ago等。
【举例】 I got up at 6:30 yesterday. 我昨天6:30起床。
My father was very busy last week. 我父亲上周很忙。
2． 一般过去时的基本结构
⑴ 肯定句“主语＋动词过去式＋其他”或者“主语＋was／were＋其他”。
【举例】 I played tennis last weekend. 我上周末打网球了。
My school trip was great. 我的学校郊游棒极了。
⑵ 否定句“主语＋didn’t＋动词原形＋其他”或“主语＋wasn’t／weren’t＋其他”。
【举例】 The girl didn’t play computer games yesterday afternoon.
这个女孩昨天下午没玩电子游戏。
Old Henry wasn’t happy last Friday. 上星期五老亨利不高兴。
⑶ 一般疑问句“Did＋主语＋动词原形＋其他？”
肯定回答为“Yes，主语＋did”，
否定回答为“No，主语＋didn’t”或者“Was／Were＋主语＋其他？”
肯定回答为“Yes，主语＋was／were”，
否定回答为“No，主语＋wasn’t／weren’t”。
【举例】— Did you go to the beach? 你们去海滩了吗？
— Yes, we did.／No, we didn’t. 是的，我们去了。／不，我们没有。
— Was your weekend OK? 你的周末过得还行吧？
— Yes, it was.／No, it wasn’t. 是的，还行。／不，不行。
⑷ 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋一般疑问句（顺序）？
【举例】— What did Li Lei do last weekend? 李雷上周末干什么了？
— He visited his grandparents. 他去看了他的祖父母。
— Where were you yesterday? 你昨天在哪儿？
— I was at home. 我在家里。
为了便于记忆行为动词（实义动词）的一般过去时用法及结构，我们可用以下歌诀来帮助记忆：动词一般过去时，表示过去发生事。
谓语动词过去式，过去时间作标志。 否定形式很简单，主语之后didn’t添。
谓语动词要还原。疑问构成有规则，主语前面加did。
过去式的构成
be动词和实义动词过去式的构成： ⑴ 系动词be 的过去式有两种形式：was 和were。其中was 是am和is的过去式，were 是are的过去式。
⑵ 规则动词过去式的构成：
①一般在动词末尾加—ed。 【举例】walk→walked play→played
②以不发音e结尾的动词末尾只加—d 。【举例】love→loved decide→decided
③结尾是“辅音字母＋y ”的动词。先将y 变为i，再加—ed 。 【举例】study→studied carry→carried
④末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，先双写该辅音字母，再加—ed 。 【举例】stop→stopped plan→planned
规则动词的过去式构成方法可用以下口诀来记忆：
过去式构成有规律，一般词尾加—ed 如果词尾有个e（不发音的），只需直接加上—d 。
“辅音字母＋y ”在词尾，变y为i加—ed 。
“一辅重闭”作尾巴，双写之后加—ed 。
随堂练习：
一．写出下列动词的过去式。
1.am／is ________ 2.do _______ 3.go ________ 4.have _______
5.isn’t _________ 6. aren’t ________ 7.spend________ 8.cook_______
9.read ________ 10.clean _______ 11.live _______ 12.study_________
二．用适当的词完成下列对话。
1.— How was your weekend? — It ______ great.
— What _______ you ______ last weekend ? — I _______ some homework.
2. — What ______ she ______ last weekend? — She _______ to the beach.
3. — What _______ they do last weekend? — They ________ to the movies.
三．用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。
1. We _________ (enjoy) ourselves at the party last night.
2.Jack ____________ (study) for the English test last Sunday.
3._______ you ______ (go) to the Great Wall last year?
4. What day _______ (be) it yesterday?
5.The old man _______(be)ill and went to see a doctor.
6.We ________ (have) a party last night.
7.We __________ (visit) the museum and went home.
8.— How _______ (be) the students? — They were very friendly.
9.He often _______ (have) supper at home. Today he ______ (have) supper at school.
10.We had great fun _______ (play) in the water.
11.That made me ______ (feel) very happy.
12.— ______ he _______ (have) lunch at nine? — No, he didn’t.
13.They _________(buy) a guitar yesterday.
四．句型转换。
1. He came here last month. (改为否定句) He _______ _______ here last month.
2. .They played football this morning. (改为一般疑问句并作简略回答) —______ they _______ football this morning? —Yes, they _______.／No, they _________ .
3. They went to Beijing last year. (就划线部分提问)
_________ _________ they ________ last year.
4. Tom watched TV last night. (改为一般疑问句)
_______ Tom _______ TV last night?
5. Mary does homework every day. (用 last night 改写句子)
Mary ________ ____________ _________ ________ .
一般现在时的用法与结构
1、一般现在时的定义及构成
一般现在时表示现在经常反复发生的动作、存在的状态或习惯性的动作。
(1) be(am,is,are)动词：(作谓语动词时) 肯定句:主语+be动词(am,is,are)+其它。
如： ①I am a student.(主语+be动词+名词)
②They are hungry.（主语+be动词+形容词）
③He is out.(主语+be动词+副词)
④That pen is mine.(主语+be动词+代词)
⑤I am fifteen.(主语+be动词+数词)
⑥The bike is under the tree.(主语+be动词+介词短语) 运用am,is,are写三个句子
否定句：主语+ be(am,is,are) + not +其它。
如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。 运用am,is,are写三个句子
一般疑问句：Be(am,is,are) +主语+其它。
如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not. 运用am,is,are写三个句子
特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。
如：Where is my bike? 运用am,is,are写三个句子
特殊疑问句：
疑问词（what, where, who, when, which, whose, how, how many, how much, what shape,
what colour,）,找句子中有没有be动词（is, am或者are）或情态动词或者助动词
（特殊疑问句:疑问词+be动词（is, am或者are）或情态动词或者助动词+其他?）
(2) 行为动词：主语+行为动词+（其它）。
（作谓语动词时) 1)主语不是第三人称单数时，
肯定句为：主语+动词原形+其它
否定式为：主语+don't+动词原形+其它
疑问句为：Do+主语+动词原形+其它？
e.g. ①We speak Chinese.
②Do you speak Chinese? ---Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
③They don't speak Chinese. 写三个句子
2) 当主语是第三人称单数时： (he,she,it,A/An,单独的人或事物:Lily/book)
肯定句为:主语+动词（词尾加s或es）+其它。
否定式为：主语+doesn't+动词原形+其它.
疑问句式：Does+主语+动词原形+其它？
①He speaks English.
②He doesn't speaks English.
③- Does she go to work by bike? Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't. 写三个句子
特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：How does your father go to work?
3)动词+s的变化规则
(1)一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks
(2)以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
(3)以"辅音字母+y"结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies
(3)情态动词（作谓语动词时)(can,could,be able to,may,might,must,have to,need,shall,should,
will,would)时， 句子结构为：
肯定句：主语+情态动词+动词原形。
否定句：主语+情态动词+not+动词原形 一般疑问句;情态动词+主语+动词原形+其他？
特殊疑问句：疑问词+情态动词+主语+动词原形+其他？
Eg: ① He can speak English.
② Can I help you? What can I do for you?
在实际应用中，一般现在时常与以下时间状语联用：
always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…),
once a week, on Sundays ……
例句：He usually plays football on Sundays.
一、 写出下列动词的第三人称单数
talk______forget______hope______stop______perform______play______say
buy______worry______fly______study_______like_______make______take__
love_______recite_______become_______come_______drive_______
二、句型转换
1. The children have a good time in the park.
否定句：__________________________________________
一般疑问句：________________________________________
对划线部分提问：____________________________________
2. There is about nine hundred people at the concert.
否定句：__________________________________________
一般疑问句：________________________________________
对划线部分提问：____________________________________
3. Ann does her homework yesterday evening.
否定句：__________________________________________
一般疑问句：________________________________________
对划线部分提问：____________________________________
4. I read an English book.
否定句：__________________________________________
一般疑问句：________________________________________
肯定/否定回答：____________________________________
对划线部分提问：____________________________________
5. My brother is in the park just now.
否定句：__________________________________________
一般疑问句：________________________________________
对划线部分提问：____________________________________
一般现在时第三人称单数句型转换练习
1. I go to school before 7:00 in the morning.
( he ) __________________________________________________________
2. I always go shopping with my mum on Sunday.
( she ) __________________________________________________________
2. I sometimes play computer games after school on Sunday.
( he ) __________________________________________________________
4. I always take exercise after class on Monday.
( my mother )__________________________________________________________
微信/支付宝扫码支付下载