初二英语上册知识点短语句型 21页

初二英语上册知识点（短语、句型）‎ MODULE1 ‎ ‎1、如有always ,often, usually, sometimes, seldom, never, once a....,every...用一般现在时，第一、二人称复数后跟动词原形，第三人称单数后跟动词加's'/'es'。‎ ‎2、如有now ,look! ,listen, at the moment ....用现在进行时，结构是be (am, is, are) +v-ing ‎3、如有tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, from now on, in +一段时间, some day, next....用一般将来时，结构：will + v原 be going to +v原（没有动词用be ）‎ ‎4、如有yesterday, ......ago , last....just now.....用一般过去时动词加ed give sb. Sth.=give sth. to sb. 给某人某物 write down 写下，记下write it (them) down everyday每天的，日常的,‎ ‎ how about doing sth.=what about doing sth.做....怎么样 each other 互相.‎ thanks a lot= thank you very much非常谢谢 回答That's all right. =You're welcome.= That'OK.= It's my pleasure.=Not at all ll.Why don't you+V原...=why not+...V原 为什么不 help sb. with sth. 在某方面帮助别人 ‎ help sb. (to )do sth.帮助某人做某事 ‎ with one's help=with the help of sb.在某人的帮助下 help oneself to sth.请自用食物 watch sb. do sth. 看到某人做了某事，（现在没有做，做过）‎ watch sb. doing sth.看到某人正在做某事（正在做）see, hear类似 remember to do sth.想起记得要做某事，未做事 remember doing sth.相起记得做过某事 forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事 forget doing sth.忘记做过某事 welcome back欢迎回来 , new term新学期 this term这学期 , next term 下学学期,‎ last term上学期, give you some advice给你一些建议 ‎ why not 为什么不, make a mistake=make mistakes犯错误 correct spelling正确的拼写, what else?=what other things? 还有什么 a piece of advice 一条建议,‎ follow /take one's advice采用别人的建议,‎ send sth to sb.=send sb. sth. 寄给某人 send for派人去请/取 ‎ send up发射. all the time一直 enjoy oneself=have a good time=have a great time=have fun, 玩得愉快 lots of =a lot of =many(可数)much(不可数)许多 , ‎ spend :sb. spend some time on sth.某人花费时间做某事 ‎ sb. spend some time (in) doing sth. 某人花费时间做某事 ‎ Sb. spend some money on sth. 某人花费钱买某物 ‎ Sb. spend some money (in) buying sth.某人花费钱买某物 ‎ Cost: sth. cost sb. some money 某物花去某人钱 ‎ pay: sb. pay some money for sth. 某人支付钱 Take: It takes (took) sb.some time to do sth.做某事花去某人时间 ‎ ‎ ask for 请求，要求, ask sb. for sth.向某人要某物 ‎ ask sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事 a piece of一块 enjoy doing sth喜欢做某事.finish,practise, mind, miss ,consider,keep, continue,这些词语后跟动名词形式V-ing ‎ place sth.in =put sth. in 把某物放在…里面 ‎ else常修饰不定代词，关系代词或副词，也可修饰all, much,little等，else要位于其后。所有格为else's.‎ take a deep breath深呼吸, else常修饰不定代词，关系代词或副词，也可修饰all, much,little等，else要位于其后。所有格为else's.‎ 深呼吸, catchhold one's breath屏住呼吸,‎ ‎ catchhold one's breath屏住呼吸,‎ out of breath上气不接下气, ‎ ‎ wish sb. to do sth.希望某人做某事,‎ the number of …的数目，后跟名词复数，动词用三单, ‎ ‎ a number of =many,大量，许多后跟名词复数，动词用复数形式。‎ a large number of， a small number of ,‎ invite sb.to do sth. 邀请某人做某事 ‎ find+ it+ adj+to do sth.发现做某事怎么样 ‎ try to do sth.尽力做事 try doing sth. 尝试做某事 try not to do sth .尽力不做某事 ‎ ‎ try one's best尽某人最大的努力,‎ a group of 一组，一群, ‎ ‎ borrow sth from sb.从某人处借入某物,‎ lend sth.to sb=lend sb.sth.借给某人某物 ‎ ‎ keep借一段时间 practice doing sth.,练习做做某事 ‎ come from=be from来自,‎ look for 寻找, ‎ ‎ look after=care for=take care of照顾 look up 向上看，查阅, look like看起来像,‎ look at 看着, look on sb. as把某人看作,‎ look forward to doing sth. 盼望，期待做某事 ‎ ‎ look over检查，翻阅 ,‎ look out当心，向外看 , look through仔细查看,‎ be ready for =get ready for=prepare for为…准备好 ,‎ be (get ) ready to do sth.准备做某事，乐意做某事 ‎ translate…into… 将…译成…，‎ take a message捎个信， leave a message留个信，‎ be good for 对…有好处， be good at =do well in擅长于…‎ be poor at =be bad at =do badly in=be weak in不擅长… ‎ Think of想起，‎ think about想出， think over仔细考虑，‎ else修饰不定代词something,everything,anything,nothing,somebody,anybody,‎ nobody和who, what,when,where时放后，‎ 四说，1,speak说语言，2.say说内容，3,talk与谁说，4,tell告诉，讲述，‎ 四看，1,watch观看电视，比赛和表演，2,see看人，电影，医生，风景，‎ ‎ 3,read看书，报，4,look就看。 看场电影要用see，读书看报用read 电视、戏剧、比赛，凡是表演用watch,observe细观察，一时注意用notice.‎ make+宾语+补足语（形容词）使某人某物怎么样。‎ ‎.make+宾语+do 让某人做某事 make+宾语+过去分词 使某人被怎么样；make friends with sb.与某人交朋友，‎ hear of听说， hear from收到某人的来信， ‎ be bad for对…有害， ‎ ‎ it is +adj.+of sb +to do sth.写性格，品质 kind, good ‎ nice ,right,wrong,clever,careless,polite,foolish等。‎ It is+adj+for sb +to do sth. 对物的评价difficult,easy hard,dangerous,important,等 write to… 给…写信， next to 在…旁边，‎ do some concerts办音乐会， speak to sb.和某人讲话，‎ say hello to sb. 给某人问好， say bye to sb.向某人说再见，‎ show sb. around somewhere带某人参观某地， ‎ learn sth from sb.向某人学习 choose the correct answers选择正确答案, ‎ ‎ correct the mistakes改错,‎ match …with…把…和…搭配起来 建议：1.why don't you do sth?=why not do sth?‎ ‎ 2.How about doing sth?=what about doing sth?‎ ‎ 3.You should /can do sth. 4.Remember to do sth.‎ ‎ 5.Don't forget to do sth. 6.can you do sth ?‎ ‎ 7.Let's do sth. 8.It'sa good idea to do ‎ 9.would you like to do ? 10.Shall we do ‎ 11.You'd better (not )do sth.‎ 回答：That's a good idea.Thanks a lot.‎ ‎ Great, OK. That's right. All right. Good idea. Sure.‎ ‎ MODULE2 现在完成时：‎ ‎1.表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，或结果，常与recently, ever, never,already,yet ,just,before still连用；‎ ‎2.表示发生在过去并且一直持续到现在的动作或状态，常与for+时间段或since+时间点连用。‎ 结构：have(has)+过去分词，‎ get into=enter进入, what's the price of …=how much is …问价格 dream about梦到, dream of 梦见, ‎ around the world=all over the world全世界,‎ stay with sb.与某人呆一起 stay at home呆在家里,‎ stay in bed呆在床上 , walk to =go to…on foot步行去 take off 脱下，起飞, land on/in /at 着路,‎ all over China,全中国, take a seat =have a seat请坐 come ture实现, ‎ fly to =go to ...by plane(by air),坐飞机 drive to =go to …by car开车， ‎ at the end of在…尽头/结尾 sell out 卖光, at the end 在结束时,‎ have been to去过（现在不在那儿） ,‎ have gone to 去了（现在不在说话地）‎ everyday English日常英语， ‎ ‎ first price一等奖，‎ The most exciting experience最激动人心的经历， ‎ before long不久，‎ long before=soon=a little later很久以前， ‎ no problem没问题，‎ have a problem in doing sth.做某事有困难， ‎ work out a problem解决一个问题，‎ invite sb to do sth,邀请某人做某事 ‎ invite sb to some place邀请某人去某地,‎ one day,某一天，（过去或将来） ‎ some day某一天（将来） ,‎ 连系动词，一是be (am, is ,are ,was ,were,)一感觉feel ，一保持keep，三变become, get turn，‎ 四起来taste ,smell , look, sound，后跟形容词作表语。‎ 不定代词：somebody, some one某人，anybody,anyone任何人nobody,no one，没人everyone,everybody每个人,something某物 ,anything任何物,nothing没事,everything一切事物，修饰他们的形容词放后。‎ different kinds of =all kinds of 不同种类的，各种各样的， ‎ by the end of 到…末为止，不迟于 give a concert=give concerts举办音乐会 in the end =finally最后，终于，‎ take a photo=take photos照相， ‎ cook sth for sb.=cook sb.sth. 为某人做饭 such+a /an +adj+单数名词=so +adj+a/an+单数名词 (名前such，形副so，多多少少也用so,little属特殊，“小”用such,少用so.) ‎ 交通工具的乘坐，take the(a) +交通工具to , =go...by+交通工具=go...on /in+a(the)+交通工具(小汽车只能用in ，其余的可用in ,on); ‎ walk to some where=go to...on foot; fly to somewhere.=go ....by plane ride to somewhere=go...by bike, drive to somewhere=go to by car,‎ a kind of一种 , be kind to sb对某人友善 since then从那时起，‎ take off 脱下，起飞，请假, reckon=consider =regard =think考虑，认为,‎ be reckoned (to be) ,被以为 reckon....as... 相当于 regard ...as...把当成 in the photo,在照片里 go abroad,出国 be abroad,在国外 ‎ travel abroad,到国外旅行 ‎ sell out,卖光 sell to , 卖给某人 ‎ sell well卖得好 ,‎ 四个也：also,肯定，行前be 后；too肯定，句末；either,否定，句末；as well,肯定，句末。‎ go to sleep,去睡觉 ‎ ‎ the price of,....的价格，形容价格用high,low。‎ sell sth at a high price,以高价出售， ‎ sell sth at a low price,以低价出售。‎ yet ,用于完成时态的否定句和疑问句中；have a wonderful time 玩得高兴,‎ would like to do sth=want to do sth,想要做某事 would like sb. to do sth=wat sb to do sth想要某人做某事 MODULE3‎ already早已，用于完成时的肯定,； yet,用于完成时的否定和疑问； just,用于完成时 ‎ just now=a moment ago用于过去时, ‎ arrive at (小地方)/in(大地方)=reach=get to ,到达 bring,从外往里拿， take ,从里往外拿， carry无方向, fetch往返拿,‎ more than ,=over,多于 less than,少于 alone,个体单独，独自； lonely,孤独，寂寞，也表示荒凉，‎ most of.. ..的大多数, a visit to 对 ...的参观, on a visit to....,参观... for a visit 参观, pay a visit to ,拜访 ‎ as ...as....和....一样 not as ...as..=not so ...as 不如,‎ so ...that如此...以致于....如果that后是否定,就可以用too...to转换,如果是肯定就用,形容+enough(for sb )to do sth.‎ be famous for 因...面著名(原因),‎ be famous as以...身份或产地而著名 prefer doing sth. to doing sth.=like doing sth better than doing sth更喜欢做某事,‎ prefer to 更喜欢... prefer to do sth rather than do sth.宁愿做某事而不愿做某事,‎ return from a visit to 从...访问返回, ‎ be named after 以...的名字命名,‎ be proud of 以....自豪, be up to sb.由某人决定,‎ up to 从事于,忙于, space station在太空站,‎ show sth to sb.=show sb sth把某物给某人看, ‎ ‎ on business出差,因...公事,‎ 在...的上面 over,在..上面,正上方,中间有段空间,反义为under on 在...上面,贴着物表,反义beneath, above在..上方,高出,反义below in the sky=in the air在天空中, by air=by plane坐飞机,‎ in the last three years在过去三年里,用于现在完成时,‎ none 用于三个以上的全否定，反义为all；neither两个都不，反义为both,‎ the lastest news,最新消息， share sth.with sb.与分享某物 MODULE4 get on /along with sb,与...相处, ‎ ‎ get on well with sb.与...相处融洽 ‎ get on badly with ,与...相处不好 hear about ,hear of 听说, in fact实际上,‎ the Hope Schools,希望学校 ‎ ‎ look after=take care of =care for,照顾 drop out of school,缀学 take part in, 参加 pay for ,支付,付钱 how long ,多长时间 how soon,多久 ‎ ‎ hear from sb.收到某人的信，邮件等 on the farm ,在农场上 in the last+一段时间,in th past +一段时间in the recent+ 一段时间,这三个用于现在完成时 because of因为...... , ‎ ‎ sell sth.to sb.=sell sb .sth.,把某物卖给某人 buy sth from ...buy sth for sb..给某人买东西 ‎ get an education接受教育,‎ take part in=join参加, ‎ ‎ in good/bad health身体健康/不健康,‎ care about关心,在乎, take care 当心,‎ how often隔多久一次, stop doing sth.停止做某事,‎ stop to do sth.停下来去做别的事, dress /undressr+人,‎ put on/wear/take off+衣, drop out 退出,离队,‎ drop in 顺便来访, drop out of school 退学 ‎ point at 指着, point to 指向 ‎ put on one's clothes穿上衣服 with the help of sb.=wiht sb's help 在别人的帮助下 without the help of sb.无人帮助的情况 ‎ ‎ at home and abroad在国内外 ‎ 非延续性动词变为延续动词：‎ buy--have open--be open join --be in borrow--keep die ---be dead leave--be away come here---be here go there--be there begin--be on finish--be over make friends--be friends get ready--be ready buy--get /have ‎ arrive/get to /reach/come--be in be at /stay, put on--have on /wear get up--be up 可延续性动词不可以与for 或since 连用，非延续性动词的否定式也可以和for /since连用.‎ other其他的，另外的，别的； another另一个人或事物；‎ the other两个中的另一个； the others其余的，剩下的人或事物；‎ others其他的，另外的，别的人或物 MODULE 5 ‎ on earth ,究竟，到底，可用在when ,what ,who,where,how ,which,why 等之后，相当于in the world,用在否定句中相当于not ...at all；‎ a fan of ,...的迷 give a concert =give concerts,举行音乐会 be famous for ,因..而著名(后+人或物某方面的特点,特长)‎ be famous as ,作为...而闻名(后+身份职业)‎ at the age of =when sb.was...years old, 在...岁的时候 not only....but also..不仅..而且(就近原则)上 ‎ classical music,古典音乐 belong to ,属于 ‎ sth belong to sb. 物属于人 across ,从一定范围内的一边到另一边,表面进行through,从中间通过或穿过,里面进行;over上方通过,不接触表面;‎ hear of 听说, ‎ be born出生, go through穿过, ‎ I'm not sure我不确定, I'm sure肯定,‎ make sb.+adj使某人怎么样, make sb .do sth.使某人做某事,‎ take sb. around带人四处走走, a piece of music一首乐曲,‎ in addition to 除...以外,buy him a guitar=buy a guitar for him给某人买吉他,‎ go on with sth.继续做某事, go on doing sth.继续做某事,‎ die of 患..而死,常接hunger, cold, illness,cancer内部原因,‎ die from由于..,而死,常接a wound ,an accident,carelessness外部原因,‎ learn to do sth学做某事, learn from sb.向某人学习,‎ Learn...by heart熟记,背诵, learn one's lesson from...从... 中吸取教训,‎ 反意疑问句:‎ ‎1.先断"定",判断是否定或肯定.‎ 如有not ,never, few, little, hardly, no ,nobody,seldom,nothing等词,则是否定,后面该用肯定.‎ ‎2.后找"动",观察前面的动词,若含有或情态动词直接用,若为实义动词原形,用do,三单用does,过去式用did, had better用had ‎3.换代,主语定代词,三单用he ,she ,it ,复用they we ; somebody,nobody 类似的用they,和thing一起的用 ‎4.肯定祈使句，反问句部分可用will you /won't you ？否定祈使句，用will you ？‎ ‎5.Let's...用shall we? let us....用will you?,‎ ‎6.在think,believe,suppose+从句结构中，疑问句部分与从句保持一致，同时主句的否定转移到从句中; 但第二，三人称与主句保持一致：I don't think you have done it ,have you? /He doesn't think you have done it ,does he?即：当主句人称是一，从句是二时，看二；当主句是三时，就看三。‎ ‎7.回答只针对事实作答;Yes+肯定 ,No+否定 give sb.sth=give sth.to sb. 给某人某物,give in投降,‎ give up doing sth 放弃, give out 分发,‎ give a way to 对...让步, on the earth在地球上,‎ both....and既....又..... 就近原则 neither....nor既不....又不,就近原则 either...or要么....要么.‎ there be, not only...but also就近原则,,‎ may be可能是. maybe=perhaps大概,也许 ‎ In addition to ..除...以外(还有) =besides, ‎ but 除..之外,,常与否定意义词连用,当but前有do时but后接原形, except,除....之外(不包括)‎ on holiday度假, of course=,sure当然 all types of呼种 , part time job,一份兼职工作 on one's own独自 , be led by由....带领 ‎ ‎ MODULE 6 过去进行时 用法：1.表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或正存在的状态，一般常和at that time, at 点yesterday, then, last night,this time yesterday ,the whole morning,when I arrived 等特定的过去时间连用。‎ ‎2.表示一个过去动作发生时或发生之后,另一个动作正在进行或两个延续性过去的动作同时进行,常与when,while引导的时间状语从句连用。‎ 结构：was /were +V-ing go on 继续, go on doing sth继续做某事(同一件事),‎ ‎ go on to do sth 继续做某事(另一件事), go on with sth继续做同一件事,但中间暂停过,‎ How is it going ?=How are you getting on /along?近况如何? by the river,在河边 at this time yesterday昨天 的这个时候, ‎ ‎ in a tree=in the tree ,在树上(外来物)‎ on a tree =on the tree,在树上,(树本身的) ‎ ‎ smile at sb. 朝着某人微笑,‎ laugh at sb.嘲笑某人 ‎ fall into ,掉进,跌入 fall off 掉下来,‎ fall behind ,落后,跟不上 fall in love with,爱上 ‎ be careful,小心 by mistake由于出错 ‎ at that /this time在那/这时 have nothing to do 没事可做, ‎ ‎ nothing strange没什么奇怪的，‎ take sth. out of .... 把...从...拿出来, ‎ happen to do sth.碰巧做某事 ‎ 感官动词see ,hear ,watch,feel ,notice,smell,taste后+名词或代词+动词原形(表示动作已经发生)后+名词或代词+Ving(表示动作正在进行)‎ under th hedge在树篱下面, go down下去,‎ ‎ think about 考虑, think of想起，认为 ,‎ think over仔细考虑, think out,想出 think hard,努力想，努力思考 What happened to sb.?某人发生了什么事？‎ be on 上演， go off熄灭，停，‎ 英语中当几个单数人称同时作主语时，先后顺序是“二、三、一”‎ not ...until直到....才......(主句中常用非延续性动词)‎ till/until直到......为止(主句中常用延续性动词)‎ something wrong with...,出了毛病, ‎ lie in bed 躺在床上,‎ jump out of从...跳出来 ,‎ on one's way to someplace,在某人去某地的路上 on one's way home在某人回家的路上,‎ from ....to,从...到....(动词+Ving)‎ when,while ,as的区别 当...时候 When可与持续性动词连用,表示"一段时间,"也可与短暂性动词连用,表示"时刻".主句的动作可以与从句的动作同时发生,也可以先后发生.如果主从句都是短暂性动词时,只能用When While表示主句和从句的动作同时发生.其从句的动词必须为延续性动词,从句多用进行时态,也可用表示状态的动词的一般时态.如果主从句都是进行时,只能用While as与When同义,但as指主句的动作和从句的动作交替进行或同步发展.‎ wear out 穿坏,穿旧,用坏, ‎ ‎ cheer up 使振奋;使兴奋,‎ follow one's advice听从某人的建议, ‎ ‎ look into向...的里面看,‎ stop to do sth. 停下做另一件事 stop doing sth.停止做某事 stop ...from doing sth.阻止....做某事, ‎ ‎ what kind哪种,‎ a kind of一种, all kinds of =different kinds of 各种各样的,‎ kind of =a bit=a little 有点, ‎ walk along沿着....走,‎ by mistake 错误地，无意地, ‎ by oneself单独，独立地,‎ by the way, 顺便说 ‎ ‎ 墙的表面用on，墙的内部用in have something to do有事可做 ,‎ have something to eat有可吃的东西 ,‎ have nothing to drink没有什么喝的东西 ‎ feel tired感到疲劳 no one,一般不与of连用，动词用单数，只指人，一般用来回答who none ,可与of连用，动词可用单数或复数，指人或物，回答how many /how much引导的问句，以及含any+n 的一般问句 Nothing，指物，动词用单数，‎ without doing sth.没做， ‎ be tired=get tired累了，‎ during the day 一整天，‎ 被动语态的结构是：be+及物动词的过去分词 变法：1主+谓+宾语.将宾语变作主语,将谓语变被动语态,将主语变by宾语.‎ ‎2.主+谓+间宾+直宾 将间接宾语变作主语,谓语变成被动语态,直接宾语不变.‎ ‎3主+谓+直宾+间宾+to或for 将直变主,将谓变被告,其余不变.by原主 ‎4.主+谓+宾+宾补宾作主,谓变被,其余不变,by原主.‎ ‎5.主+谓+宾+宾补(let,see,make ,hear,watch ,feel, help,notice,observe,look at ,listen to )变为被动时，后加to ‎6.主+短语动词+宾语， 宾作主，短变被，其余不变,by原主.‎ ‎7.带有be going to,be about to ,be to ,have to ,used to ,be supposed to ,be sure to 等要将to后来动词变以被动