牛津译林初中英语八年级上册 8页

教学过程 一．重点词性变化 travel v.旅行---travelling/traveling n.旅行---traveler/traveller n.旅行者 sand n.沙；沙滩---sandy adj.多沙的，沙质的 beauty n.美丽；美人---beautiful adj.美丽的 flight n.航班；航行---fly vi.飞行 feel vt.感觉到，意识到---feeling n.感觉 dead adj.死的---die vi.死---death n.死亡 direct adj.笔直的，径直的---directly adv. 笔直地，径直地 二．课文知识详解 ‎1. Can I join you? ‎ ‎1) join + 组织 ；take part in + 活动； attend + 会议； ‎ ‎2) join sb.  join sb. in sth./ doing sth.; ‎ His dream is to j___________ the Party. ‎ He is a top student. He always ____  ____  ____ (参加)school activities. ‎ He is a good teacher. He has _____ _ (加入) in the Party for twenty years.‎ ‎ Won’t you ________ (参加) us in the football match? ‎ ‎2.I don’t think it’ll be a holiday for me.‎ 考点：宾语从句的否定转移。‎ 当主句的谓语动词为 think, guess, suppose, believe 等且主语为第一人称时，从句若表示否定，一般将否定词 not转移到主句的谓语中，这就叫作“否定转移”。如： ‎ I don't think he will come this evening. ‎ She believes he doesn't study harder.‎ 当主语不是第一人称时，否定不转移。‎ He thinks that he isn’t fit for the job. 他认为他不适合这件工作。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3.I miss you so much !‎ Miss v. 意思为“想念，思念”如 When I am abroad, I miss my parents.‎ 拓展：1).miss 作动词还可以表示“错过，没赶上”，如 Hurry up, or you may miss the bus.‎ ‎2) .miss 作名词还可以表示“小姐”，后接姓氏。‎ Eg: This is my English teacher, Miss Li.‎ ‎4.We ‘re having a fantastic time here.‎ Fantastic adj. 意思为“极好的，美妙的”，其同义词为 wonderful.句子中的短语have a fantastic time 的同义短语为have a good/great/wonderful time.如：‎ I have a fantastic social life.‎ ‎5.It moved at high speed and was really exciting!‎ Speed n.速度，常见短语为：at the speed of, 以。。。的速度，如 It moves at a speed of 50 kilometers an hour.‎ 拓展：speed可以作动词，其词组为speed up,意思为加速。‎ You notice that your breathing has speeded up a bit.‎ ‎6.We were screaming and laughing through the ride.‎ 考点1).through prep.穿过，通过; 自始自终 The river runs through our village.‎ 辨析：across与through 两者都可作介词,都意为“穿过”，但是用法不同：‎ across 着重指从一物体表面的一边、一面到另一边、另一面。例如：‎ Can you swim across the river in ten minutes?‎ I helped the blind man across the road.‎ through 着重指从空间的一头穿到另一头，也就是说从一个物体的空间里穿过。例如:‎ The river flows through the city.‎ The road led through the trees to the river.‎ 注意：across是介词，不要与动词cross,（穿过）混淆。‎ 考点2.ride n.乘坐（游乐设施），（乘车或骑车的）短途旅程。常见短语为give sb a ride to ,让某人搭车去某地，如 He gave me a ride to the market.‎ 拓展：ride常作为动词，骑马，乘车。过去式为rode, 过去分词为ridden,现在分词为riding.如 Have you ever ridden a horse?‎ ‎7.I ran after them and couldn’t stop taking photos. ‎ 考点：Can't stop doing sth 不停地做某事（忍不住做某事）‎ ‎ I couldn’t stop laughing when I heard it． 听到那件事，我忍不住大笑。‎ ‎ Can't wait to do sth 迫不及待地做某事 ‎ I can’t wait to play basketball after finishing my homework. 我一完成作业就迫不及待去打篮球.‎ ‎ Can't help doing sth 情不自禁地做某事 ‎ She couldn’t t help smiling. 她禁不住笑了起来。‎ 注意：Can't stop doing sth常可以和can't help doing sth 替换使用。‎ ‎8.such as 和 for example区别 ‎ 两者都表示“例如”‎ ‎ Such as 偏重列举，即将同一类人或物一 一列举出来。‎ ‎ For example 偏重举例，通常在同一类的人或物中举出一个例子。‎ I like all kinds of ball games, such as basketball, football, ping pong and so on.‎ 我喜欢各种球类运动，比如，篮球、足球、乒乓球等等 There are many kinds of pollution, for example, noise is a kind of pollution.‎ 有许多种污染方式，例如噪音就是一种污染。 ‎ ‎9.I bought a couple of key rings for classmates.‎ Couple n. 两人，两件事物。常见短语为a couple of = a pair of ，一双，一对，几个。如 The couple arrived at the party very early.‎ We met in Moscow a couple of weeks ago.‎ ‎10、I see Andy playing on the send too. 我看见安迪也在沙滩上玩。‎ ‎1. see sb do/doing sth 意为“看到某人做某事”。see sb do sth 表示经常看见某人做某事，或者看到某人做某事的全过程；see sb doing sth 表示看见某人正在做某事。如：‎ ‎ I saw him working in the garden yesterday.（强调“我见他正在干活”这个动作）昨天我见他正在花园里干活。‎ ‎ Jim often saw Meimei help others. 吉姆常常看到梅梅帮助他人。‎ ‎2. sand 意为“沙；沙滩”，为不可数名词。如：‎ ‎ Is there much sand here? 这里沙子多吗？‎ ‎ They are playing on the sand. 他们正在沙滩上玩耍。‎ 链接中考：‎ The missing boys were last seen ___near the river. A playing     B to be playing C  play      D  to plat ‎11、The parade has been over for hours. 游行已经结束好几个消失了。‎ over adv. 结束。 be over的同义词为end，finish。如：‎ Our holidays will soon be over. 我们的假日不就将要结束了。‎ We’ll go out when the rain is over. 雨停了我们就出去。‎ 拓展：over还可作介词。意为“在……上边；覆盖”时，同义词为on top of，covering；意为“多于；超过”时，同义词为more than。如：‎ I put a blanket over the sleeping child. 我在睡着的孩子身上盖了一条毯子。‎ He wore a thick coat over his sweater. 他在毛衣外面加了一件厚外套。‎ He has lived in Beijing over two years. 他住在北京已经两年多了。‎ You have to be over 18 to drive a car. 你要超过十八岁才能开车。‎ ‎12、The fish have been dead for some time. 鱼死了一段时间了。‎ dead为形容词，意为“死的”。‎ 辨析：die, death, dying与dead 词性 词义 例句 die 动词原形 死亡 His father died last week. 他的爸爸上周去世了 death 名词 死亡 She cried after knowing her husband’s death.‎ 在知道丈夫死亡的消息时，她哭起来。‎ dying 动词现在分词；形容词 奄奄一息的，垂死的 The dying man was saved by a kind-hearted lady.‎ 那个奄奄一息的男人被一位好心的女士救起。‎ dead 形容词 死的 He found a dead bird in the garden.‎ 在花园里，他发现了一只死去的小鸟。‎ ‎13. except ，besides的区别 except 意思是“除了……之外”，“介词。‎ 如：Everyone except me goes to school by bike. 除了我之外，所有的人都是骑车上学的。‎ ‎ We can see all the colures in this picture except grey. ‎ ‎ 除了灰色，我们能在这幅画里看到所有的颜色。‎ ‎ 另外，except和besides虽都解释为“除了……之外”，“except是将紧跟其后的宾语“排除在外”，“besides则将宾语内容“包含在内”。‎ 如：We all have finished homework except him. 除了他之外，我们都已经完成了回家作业。‎ ‎（他还没有完成。）‎ ‎ We all have finished homework besides him. 除了他以外，我们大家也已经完成了回家作业。‎ ‎（他也完成了。）‎ 链接中考：‎ ‎1.Some people choose jobs for other reasons money these days. A. for    B.except     C.besides   D.with ‎2.Does John know any other foreign language ________ French? A.except B.but C.besides D.beside ‎14.My dad has been to Chengdu on business twice Business 为名词，意思是公事，生意，常用短语为on business, 出差。如：‎ ‎--where is Mr. Wang?‎ ‎--He has gone on business to shanghai.‎ 拓展：business is business公事公办 ‎ None of your business 不关你的事 链接中考：‎ ‎— I’m sorry, I shouldn’t have used up all the money so quickly.‎ ‎— __________. What’s done is done.‎ A. It’s none of my business B. Forget it C. Remember next time D. Good luck ‎15. My parents and I left for the airport in the early morning.‎ Leave v. 意思是“离开”，如：‎ （1） leave 用作及物动词，意思是留下，留给，常与表示地点的介词短语连用。短语leave sb by oneself,意思是“把某人独自留下”。如：‎ They are very with work and always leave their son home by himself.‎ 他们忙于工作，总是让儿子自己待在家。‎ 我把手机忘在了火车上。翻译成英文： ‎ ‎(2) leave 可用作及物动词或者不及物动词，意思是离开，出发。常用短语leave for,意思是“动身、出发去某地。”如：‎ I left Paris for New York.‎ 链接中考：I’m sorry but I __________ my book at home.‎ ‎ A. forgot B. forget C. left D. Leave 语法讲解----现在完成时 一、现在完成时谓语动词的构成： 助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词 陈述句 一般疑问句 否定句 I have read …….Have you read……. I haven’t read…….‎ He has read…….Has he read……. He hasn’t read…….‎ 二、现在完成时的用法：现在完成时既涉及过去，又联系现在。‎ 用法一：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常与just（刚刚），already（已经），never（从来没有），ever（曾经），recently(近来), before（以前），yet（还；已经），once（一次），twice（两次），many times（很多次），how many times（多少次）。‎ 用法二：2.表示过去发生并持续到现在的动作或状态，多是延续性动词。对应的时间状语有：‎ ① for + 一段时间；‎ ② since + 过去的点时间 / 从句（从句一定用一般过去时）/ doing；‎ ‎③all one’s life, so far, since then, ever since, in/over/during the past/last few years/weeks(近几年来)/… 对这三种时间状语提问都是用How long ‎① for＋一段时间： I have taught English for 19 years。‎ ② since＋表示过去时间点的词语： He has been at this school since 1986.‎ I have known him since 20 years ago.‎ ‎③ since＋一般过去时状语从句：I have lived here since I was born.‎ ‎④ since＋doing: He has lived in Beijing since coming to China ‎= He has lived in Beijing since he came to China ‎⑸ So far, we have visited the moon.‎ 三、英语中有一些动词的意义决定它们所表示的动作不能延续,只是一瞬间 就结束的动作,这类动词叫做“非延续性动词”，常见的有：come，go，arrive，reach，see，hear，close，open，leave，begin，start，lose，buy，fall，join，die，get up，become，borrow，lend，find，finish，receive等。这些动词可用于现在完成时，说明某个动作的结果还存在，但不能和表示一段时间的状语（how long，for，since）连用。‎ He has come back.（√）He has come back for two hours.（×）‎ ‎※ 但在否定句中，非延续性动词也可用表示一段时间的状语来修饰，如 I haven’t heard from my father for a long time. We haven’t seen him since 1999.‎ 四、当终止性动词（非延续性动词）与表示一段时间的状语（how long，since，for， all one’s life）相矛盾时,改正错句的方法有如下几种:‎ ‎（1）用副词ago把现在完成时的句子改为一般过去时.‎ He has come back for two weeks.（错）改为:He came back two weeks ago.（正）‎ I have lost my bike for ten days. （错）改为:I lost my bike ten days ago. （正）‎ ‎（2）用“It is / has been＋时间＋since＋一般过去时态”句型来改写。‎ He has joined the League for 3 years. （错）It is 3 years since he joined the League.‎ I have bought the book for 5 days. （错）It is 5 days since I bought the book. （正）‎ He has died for 20 years. （错）It is 20 years since he died. （正）‎ ‎（3）用“时间＋has passed＋since＋一般过去时态”句型来改写。‎ He has left home for 20 years.(错) 改为:Twenty years has passed since he left home.‎ He has lost his pen for 2 days.（错） 改为:Two days has passed since he lost his pen.‎ ‎（4）用系表结构来改写.‎ He has died for 20 years.（错） 改为: He has been dead for 20 years.‎ The factory has opened since 1999.（错） 改为:The factory has been open since 1999.‎ How long has he left? （错） 改为:How long has he been away?‎ ‎（5）用相应的延续性动词替代非延续性动词。‎ He has bought the book for two weeks.（错） 改为:He has had the book for two weeks.‎ ‎1. buy→have ‎2. borrow / lend→keep ‎3. arrive / reach /get to /→be in /at ‎4. leave→be away（from）‎ ‎5. join→be in / be a member of ‎6. die→be dead ‎7. get married→be married ‎8. come / go→be in /at ‎9.begin / start→be on ‎ ‎10. stop/finish / end→be over ‎11. move →be in /at ‎12. open→be open ‎ ‎13. close→be closed ‎14. lose→be lost ‎15. become→be ‎ ‎16. get up→be up ‎ ‎17. fall asleep→be asleep ‎ ‎18. fall ill→be ill ‎19. get to know→know ‎20. go out →be out ‎21. receive / get a letter→have a letter ‎ ‎22. catch / get a cold→have a cold ‎23. begin to study→study ‎24.turn …on/off →be…on/ off ‎25.make friends→be friends ‎26. become interested in→be interested in ‎27 go to school→be in school / be a student ‎28. return / come back / get back/go back→be back ‎29. join the army→be in the army /be a soldier 他参军已有三年.He has joined the army for three years.（错）‎ 改为:‎ He has been in the army for three years / since three years ago.‎ He has been a soldier for three years / since three years ago.‎ He joined the army three years ago.‎ It is three years since he joined the army.‎ Three years has passed since he joined the army.‎ 课后作业:‎ 一、 翻译下列词组 1. 整个旅途中高速运行玩得很开心 ‎2.匆忙去扬州 ‎3.一天中最精彩的部分 ‎4.在焰火下看起来明亮而又美丽 ‎ ‎5.忍不住一直追逐老鼠 ‎6.在沙滩上玩的最佳时间 ‎ ‎7.在湖边去钓鱼享受自然美 ‎8.游行之后看一部美妙的4-D电影 ‎9.整年有爬山的计划 ‎ ‎10.在香港之旅的结尾听到风声 ‎11.最近去扬州 ‎12.一个拥有800万人口的海滨城市 ‎13.除了看电视什么也没有做 ‎14.用手指指着别人 ‎15.离开巴黎去纽约 ‎16.请求他们留下他们的姓名和地址 一、 单项选择 ‎( )1.Good to see you again.It’s almost three years we met last time.‎ A.until B.before C.while D.since ‎( )2.—I can’t find Mary.Where’s she?‎ ‎—Sorry,I don’t know .‎ A.where has she been B.where she has been C.where has she gone D.where she has gone ‎( )3.He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he?‎ A.already B.never C.ever D.still ‎( )4.The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year.‎ A.is writing B.was writing C.wrote D..has written ‎ ‎( )5.—Our country ______ a lot so far.‎ ‎　　—Yes.I hope it will be even ______ .‎ ‎　　A. has changed ; well B.changed ; good ‎　　C. has changed ; better D.changed ; better ‎( )6. His uncle         for more than 9 years.‎ ‎　　A. has come here           B. has started to work ‎　　C. has lived there           D. has left the university ‎( )7. Fishing with Dad was so for little Sam that he almost fell asleep.‎ A. excited B. exciting C. bored D. boring ‎( )8.—How long does it take to get to the airport?‎ ‎—Forty minutes. But it’s foggy today. I’m not sure the highway will closes soon. Let’s set off earlier.‎ A. whether B. when C. how D. why ‎( )9.—I believe this is the best movie of the year.‎ ‎—Well, . Anyway, the ending is OK.‎ A. that’s a good idea B. that may not be a good idea C. I’m not sure if you’re right D. I think you’re right ‎( )10.We arrived at the station too early and had ___________ to go, so we sat there and chatted with each other.‎ A. somewhere B. anywhere C. everywhere D. nowhere ‎( )11.—Excuse me, is there ________ book by Mo Yan?‎ ‎—Yes. It’s on _________ bookshelf over there.‎ A. a; / B. a; the C. /; the D. the; a ‎( )12.The Greens used to live in London and now they _________ in Beijing.‎ A. used to live B. are used to live C. are used to livingD. are used for living ‎( )13.—Excuse me, could I take this seat?‎ ‎—Sorry, __________.‎ A. here you are B. take it C. it’s taken D. never mind ‎( )14. —The paper says Iron Man 3 is on this evening. Let’s go and see it.‎ ‎ —But I ________it.‎ ‎ A. see B. saw C. have seen D. will see ‎( )15. —Someone is knocking at the door, dad!‎ ‎ —Go and see ________.‎ A. who is it B. who he is C. who was he D. who it is ‎ 一、 词汇 ‎1.Liu Qian makes m_________ popular all over China.‎ ‎2.—How was your trip to Yangzhou?—F__________.I had a great time there.‎ ‎3.What do you think is the greatest ___________(invent) of the twentieth century?‎ ‎4.China became the second __________(large) movie market in the world,behind the US.‎ ‎5. We often ask ___________(us) how we can do more for our country.‎ ‎6.I like all kinds of ______________(卡通片).What about you?‎ ‎7.When Linda is away,I always ____________(思念) her.‎ ‎8.The little girl is sure Snow White can live with the prince in his ___________(城堡).‎ ‎9.My firend Sally is _________(这样的) a kind girl.‎ ‎10.Do you often go to the _____________(海边) during the summer vacation.‎ 二、 翻译下列句子 ‎1.这本书他借了两周。‎ 2. 他从去年起成了足球俱乐部的成员。‎ 3. 我和父母一大早就前往机场。‎ 4. 电影已经至少开始20分钟了。‎ 5. 有一班直达杭州的高铁。‎ 6. 一年前他就去香港了，这儿自从他离开发生了巨大的变化。‎ ‎.‎ ‎7.我如此兴奋以至于不能入睡。‎ 8. 自从到中国来，我已经学会了1000多个汉字。‎ 9. 这世界充满了神奇的事物，耐心等待着我们来发 ‎10.你曾经去过主题公园吗?‎